• Tree-ring stable carbon isotope ratios (delta C-13) often display a decline over the industrial period (post-AD1850) that is only partly explained by changes in the isotopic ratio of carbon dioxide (CO2) and may represent a response to increased atmospheric concentrations Of CO2 (ca). (columbia.edu)
  • Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide to carbohydrates via several metabolic pathways that provide energy to an organism and preferentially react with certain stable isotopes of carbon. (wikipedia.org)
  • This pathway converts inorganic carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or aquatic environment into carbohydrates, using water and energy from light, then releases molecular oxygen as a product. (wikipedia.org)
  • The overall equation for the light-dependent reactions is generally: 2 H2O + 2 NADP+ + 3 ADP + 3 Pi + light → 2 NADPH + 2 H+ + 3 ATP + O2 The light-independent reactions undergo the Calvin-Benson cycle, in which the energy from NADPH and ATP is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into organic compounds via the enzyme RuBisCO. (wikipedia.org)
  • The elemental analyzer produces carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas, which are analyzed for carbon and nitrogen isotopes in an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. (uwyo.edu)
  • Integration of metagenomic and stable carbon isotope evidence reveals the extent and mechanisms of carbon dioxide fixation in high-temperature microbial communities. (montana.edu)
  • Stable isotope analysis of fermentation end products and RNA stable isotope probing (RNA-SIP) were used to investigate the organisms and biochemical pathways involved in the metabolism of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the kangaroo forestomach. (qld.gov.au)
  • In in vitro fermentations, the microbial community of the kangaroo foregut produced very little methane, but produced a significantly greater proportion of acetate derived from carbon dioxide than the microbial community of the bovine rumen. (qld.gov.au)
  • A bacterial operational taxonomic unit closely related to the known reductive acetogen Blautia coccoides was found to be associated with carbon dioxide and hydrogen metabolism in the kangaroo foregut. (qld.gov.au)
  • However, in the long term, the emitted carbon dioxide can be stored again as the trees regrow, slowly returning the forest to a carbon sink. (lu.se)
  • Changes in environmental conditions (e.g., humidity, light, oxygen, and carbon dioxide) influence microbial growth in indoor environments. (cdc.gov)
  • Detailed knowledge about how climate and human activities influence the sources and sinks of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane is needed in order to make the informed and effective decisions needed for combating climate change. (lu.se)
  • Validation of the correlation between Niobrara and Codell production GOR and stable isotope composition was provided by an independent geochemistry dataset from the USGS. (onepetro.org)
  • We aimed at assessing whether the two climatic factors affect cork-ring isotopic composition under contrasting conditions of water availability, and, therefore, if carbon and oxygen signatures in cork can reflect tree functional (physiological and structural) responses to stressful conditions, which might be aggravated by climate change. (unl.pt)
  • Overall, stable isotopes provided valuable new insights into the drought-related variations of ecosystem C dynamics, encouraging future studies but also highlighting the need of improved methodology to disentangle short-term dynamics of isotopic composition of R (eco). (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Diel variations in carbon isotopic composition and concentration of organic acids and their impact on plant dark respiration in different species. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • The stable C isotope composition (delta13C) of CO2 respired by trunks was examined in a mature temperate deciduous oak forest (Quercus petraea). (univ-lorraine.fr)
  • By using the trace elemental composition (Mg/Ca, Mn/Ca, and Ba/Ca) and stable carbon and oxygen isotopes of foraminiferal species Elphidium selseyensis and E. clavatum, we identified that generally warming and hypoxia occurred between about 7.5 and 3.3 ka BP, approximately coinciding in time with the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM). (lu.se)
  • Variations in temperature, moisture and a number of other environmental properties may be recorded as changes in ring width but also, for example, as changes in the stable carbon- and oxygen-isotope composition of wood samples. (lu.se)
  • Internal water temperature, pH and H/D isotope composition. (lu.se)
  • This fractionation enables the use of stable nitrogen isotopes (δ 15 N) to infer trophic level, and high δ 15 N recorded in bone collagen usually indicates high-protein diets (Sponheimer et al. (springer.com)
  • The degree of carbon isotope fractionation is influenced by several factors, including the metabolism, anatomy, growth rate, and environmental conditions of the organism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Understanding these variations in carbon fractionation across species is useful for biogeochemical studies, including the reconstruction of paleoecology, plant evolution, and the characterization of food chains. (wikipedia.org)
  • Understanding these variations in carbon fractionation across species is applied in isotope geochemistry and ecological isotope studies to understand biochemical processes, establish food chains, or model the carbon cycle through geological time. (wikipedia.org)
  • Isotope fractionation due to Rubisco (form I) carboxylation alone is predicted to be a 28‰ depletion, on average. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nitrogen isotope ratio tended to be relatively lower when nitrogen content in the blade was higher, probably due to the strengthening of isotope fractionation stemming from plenty of nitrogen in the surrounding environment. (e-algae.org)
  • It is known that stable carbon isotope fractionation is associated with the fixation of CO in autotrophic organisms [2]. (lu.se)
  • Our findings thus have direct implications for the use of stable isotope data and the applications of stable isotopes in food web studies. (authorea.com)
  • Abstract This paper presents results from the first 1100 years of a long stable carbon isotope chronology currently in development from Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees growing in the Torneträsk region of northern Sweden. (diva-portal.org)
  • Abstract: The use of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope measurements from TNT was examined as a possible tool for monitoring the natural attenuation of TNT. (dren.mil)
  • abstract = "Background: The relationship between stable isotope ratios and dietary protein sources has been reported. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • The carbon isotope (δ 13 C) compositions of PyC and HyPyC were generally lower by 1-3‰ relative to the original biomass, with marked depletion up to 7‰ for grasslands dominated by C 4 biomass. (copernicus.org)
  • Different organisms fix carbon through different mechanisms, which are reflected in the varying isotope compositions across photosynthetic pathways (see table below, and explanation of notation in "Carbon Isotope Measurement" section). (wikipedia.org)
  • A significant variation in the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions between fluvial and marine deposits was recorded. (gov.pl)
  • We studied the variations in both respiratory fluxes and their stable C isotopic compositions (delta C-13) for all major components (trees, understory, roots and soil microorganisms) in a Mediterranean oak savannah during a period with increasing drought. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Maturities derived from carbon and hydrogen isotopes can serve as controls in regional maturity maps, which are used to help define areas of oil, wet gas and dry gas production. (onepetro.org)
  • Soil respiration was the largest contributor to ecosystem respiration (R (eco)), exhibiting a depleted isotopic signature and no marked variations with increasing drought, similar to ecosystem respired delta(CO2)-C-13, providing evidence for a stable C-source and minor influence of recent photosynthate from plants. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • We combined benthic foraminiferal geochemistry, faunal assemblages, and pore water stable isotopes to reconstruct seawater conditions (e.g., oxygenation, temperature, and salinity) over the past 7.7 thousand years (ka). (lu.se)
  • We investigated whether the stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in human hair are associated with blood pressure and hypertension. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Hair samples of the subjects were used for the measurement of stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ 13 C) and nitrogen (δ 15 N). Results: The δ 13 C and δ 15 N values showed positive correlations with diastolic blood pressure in the subjects without antihypertensive medication. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Hair samples of the subjects were used for the measurement of stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N). (ewha.ac.kr)
  • This was shown by the more negative 613C ratios of carbon fixed during bacterial chemoautotrophy compared to carbon fixed photosynthetically. (edu.ph)
  • Stable isotope analysis can be executed pre-completion on samples obtained from mud gas and/or gas desorbing from cuttings and core. (onepetro.org)
  • Analysis of stable isotope ratios from mineralised tissue has been widely used for dietary reconstruction. (springer.com)
  • Leaf Δ 13 C isotope analysis was applied for the common species of Q. mongolica for Haean sites to examine water use efficiency, which is the ratio of carbon gains and water losses through stomata, at different elevations. (uni-bayreuth.de)
  • Moreover, quantified forest water fluxes and budgets and defined relationships with environmental factors can be linked to estimate carbon fluxes of the forests as combining phloem sap Δ 13 C isotope analysis. (uni-bayreuth.de)
  • Stable Isotope Lab analysis of fish samples collected at various locations throughout Washington state between 2007 and 2009. (noaa.gov)
  • All soil samples are being sent to UW for carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis. (uwyo.edu)
  • As the recipient of this award, UW's Stable Isotope Facility has been recognized as one of the elite facilities for stable isotope analysis in the United States," Cook says. (uwyo.edu)
  • Stable isotope analysis (N and C) of fossil cereal grains is regularly explored as a means of obtaining insights to past crop growing conditions and agricultural practices. (lu.se)
  • Syntrophic interactions were confirmed by analysis of the time-dependent incorporation of 13 C into peptides, and quantified by calculation of relative isotope abundance (RIA) and labeling ratio (lr) from mass spectral isotope patterns. (jiomics.com)
  • Dental calculus is not equivalent to bone collagen for isotope analysis: a comparison between carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of bulk dental calculus, bone and dentine collagen from same individuals from the Medieval site of El Raval (Alicante, Spain). (uv.es)
  • As a result, we recommend that carbon and nitrogen analysis on bulk dental calculus should only be used as a last resource archaeological dietary marker, if at all. (uv.es)
  • Salazar García, Domingo Carlos Richards, M.P. Nehlich, O. Henry, A.G. 2014 Dental calculus is not equivalent to bone collagen for isotope analysis: a comparison between carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of bulk dental calculus, bone and dentine collagen from same individuals from the Medieval site of El Raval (Alicante, Spain). (uv.es)
  • Forests supply several types of services to the local communities as well as non-local communities and recently its important role in regulations of water and carbon quantity has been received public attention with regard to climate change and water shortage problems. (uni-bayreuth.de)
  • We thus concluded that differences in carbon isotope profiles of the hollows might point to the disturbance of the mires due to climate warming or due to differences in hydrology. (unibas.ch)
  • These results suggest that although stable isotopes signatures in cork rings are not proxies for net growth, they may be (fairly) robust indicators of trees' physiological and structural adjustments to climate and environmental changes in Mediterranean environments. (unl.pt)
  • LUCCI was a research centre at Lund University devoted to studies of the carbon cycle and how it interacts with the climate system. (lu.se)
  • Working together in a creative cross-disciplinary environment, our goals are to increase the understanding of how the carbon cycle and climate system function and interact, and to disseminate our findings to society. (lu.se)
  • Although progress has been made in our understanding of the carbon cycle and climate there are several fundamental science questions that remain unanswered and that are pivotal for an increased understanding of the Earth System as well as for our ability to predict future changes through modeling. (lu.se)
  • Bacteria, elemental sulfur and stable carbon isotope rations in the mangrove mud clam Anodontia Edentula (Linne, 1758) / by Ma. (edu.ph)
  • Bacteria, elemental sulfur and stable carbon isotope ratios in the mangrove mud clam Anodontia edentula (Linné, 1758). (edu.ph)
  • Samples analysed by continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectroscopy. (elementallab.co.uk)
  • A commercial interface coupling liquid chromatography (LC) to a continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (CF-IRMS) instrument was used to determine the d13C of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in natural waters. (hal.science)
  • The isotopic δ 13 C%, δ 15 N% values, organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen contents, and atomic C/N ratios are used as evidence of depositional environment. (gov.pl)
  • The ratio between these isotopes varies in biological organisms due to metabolic processes that selectively use one carbon isotope over the other, or "fractionate" carbon through kinetic or thermodynamic effects. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, few studies have examined the effect of stable isotope ratios on metabolic risk in humans. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Organic carbon contains less of the stable isotope Carbon-13, or 13C, relative to the initial inorganic carbon from the atmosphere or water because photosynthetic carbon fixation involves several fractionating reactions with kinetic isotope effects. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although the biological fixation of CO2 by chemolithoautotrophs provides a diverse suite of organic compounds utilized by chemoorganoheterotrophs as a carbon and energy source, the relative amounts of autotrophic C in chemotrophic microbial communities are not well-established. (montana.edu)
  • The extent and mechanisms of CO2 fixation were evaluated across a comprehensive set of high-temperature, chemotrophic microbial communities in Yellowstone National Park by combining metagenomic and stable 13C isotope analyses. (montana.edu)
  • They also have environmental significance through carbon fixation . (wikipedia.org)
  • Table 2a) Stable isotope ratios of planktonic foraminifera from sediment core EN066-38PG in the equatorial Atlantic. (pangaea.de)
  • and stable carbon isotope ratios of the clams, sediment, detritus and plankton in the study area were determined. (edu.ph)
  • Stable C isotope ratios showed that the clams do not obtain their carbon from plankton, sediment nor detritus and may thus be solely dependent on bacterial carbon. (edu.ph)
  • Widespread burning of mixed tree-grass ecosystems represents the major natural locus of pyrogenic carbon (PyC) production. (copernicus.org)
  • Around half of all pyrogenic carbon (charcoal+soot) derived from wildfires comes from semi-annual burning of tropical savannas. (copernicus.org)
  • This pyrogenic carbon is significant because it is a component of global aerosols capable of modulating the greenhouse effect and is resistant to degradation. (copernicus.org)
  • We use controlled field burns in northern Australian savannas to determine how much pyrogenic carbon is formed, how much of this is recalcitrant and how it is partitioned between ground residues and airborne soot. (copernicus.org)
  • In developing the reconstruction, several key topics in isotope dendroclimatology (chronology construction, replication, CO2 adjustment and age trends) were addressed. (diva-portal.org)
  • Reconstruction of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope in baleen whale earplugs. (tdl.org)
  • Palaeodietary reconstruction using the carbon and nitrogen isotope values of bone and dentine collagen is a well-established method and the biochemical processes involved are well known. (uv.es)
  • Stable 13C analyses of dissolved inorganic and organic C (DIC, DOC), and possible landscape C sources were used to interpret the 13C content of microbial community samples. (montana.edu)
  • In contrast, at the drier site, trees use water from deeper ground layers, depleted in 18O, and strongly regulate stomatal conductance under water stress, thus reducing photosynthetic carbon uptake and probably relying on stored carbon reserves for cork ring formation. (unl.pt)
  • In this study, we address the relation between carbon and oxygen stable isotopes of cork rings and precipitation and temperature, in two distinct locations of southwestern Portugal-the (wetter) Tagus basin peneplain and the (drier) Grândola mountains. (unl.pt)
  • Additionally, the human samples have higher stable isotope differences, in comparison with faunal samples, than would be expected within the food web, particularly for δ 13 C. This human bone collagen δ 13 C enrichment may reflect a diet rich in aquatic protein intake, which is also supported by δ 34 S archived in human and faunal samples, and the presence of oysters and cockles shells at the excavation. (springer.com)
  • Here we report the comparison of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses of bulk calculus to those from bone and dentine collagen. (uv.es)
  • This study is the first of its kind to analyse carbon, nitrogen and sulphur stable isotope data from skeletons of the eleventh-seventeenth centuries in Portugal. (springer.com)
  • Richards and Hedges 1999 ), especially when combined with carbon isotope data. (springer.com)
  • The resulting carbon isotope series is calibrated against instrumental data from the closest meteorological station at Abisko (AD1913-2008) to provide a record of June-August sunshine for northern Fennoscandia. (diva-portal.org)
  • Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data from green turtles sampled at Dry Tortugas National Park, FL. (usgs.gov)
  • The data provided unequivocal evidence for two-way transfer of carbon in mixed cultures of autotrophic and heterotrophic acidophilic bacteria. (jiomics.com)
  • Several questions remain about the use of bulk calculus as a source of carbon and nitrogen isotope data, however. (uv.es)
  • Bottom water salinity in the Little Belt reconstructed from modeled pore water oxygen isotope data increased between 7.7 and 7.5 ka BP as a consequence of the transition from freshwater to brackish-marine conditions. (lu.se)
  • These results demonstrate the potential of natural gas stable isotope signatures as a useful and reliable fluid quality prediction tool. (onepetro.org)
  • Stable isotope ratio variation in natural systems reflects the dynamics of Earth systems processes and imparts isotope labels to Earth materials. (springer.com)
  • How do possible increased extreme events such as devastating storms and flooding affect carbon cycle processes and do we already see such perturbations? (lu.se)
  • Stable carbon and hydrogen isotope values show a strong correlation to both initial and cumulative GOR for the unconventional Niobrara and Codell intervals of Wattenberg Field. (onepetro.org)
  • The depletion of 13 C in PyC and HyPyC relative to the original biomass has significant implications for the interpretation of δ 13 C values of savanna soil organic carbon and of ancient PyC preserved in the geologic record, as well as for global 13 C isotopic disequilibria calculations. (copernicus.org)
  • In soils with suppressed degradation due to anoxic conditions, stable carbon isotope depth profiles are either more or less uniform indicating no or very low degradation or depth profiles turn to lighter values due to an enrichment of recalcitrant organic substances during anaerobic mineralisation which are depleted in 13C. (unibas.ch)
  • Here we established stable isotope (δ13C, δ15N) values for the endangered green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) population found within the boundaries of Dry Tortugas National Park (DRTO), south Florida, USA. (usgs.gov)
  • As a result, egg masses produced had carbon isotope ratios in the C3 range of values. (tamu.edu)
  • It is not yet clear how much of an individual¿s life span dental calculus represents, what portions of the diet it records, and how diagenesis effects the carbon and nitrogen isotope values of this material. (uv.es)
  • Most importantly, there have been no comparative studies of collagen and calculus isotope values, which are necessary to establish the value of bulk calculus as a source of accurate isotope values. (uv.es)
  • These analyses have been performed on individuals from the El Raval Mudéjar Medieval Cemetery (Eastern Iberia, 15th century A.D.). Although calculus isotope values may be broadly similar to expected values at the population level, we report here no correlation between collagen and bulk dental calculus values at the individual level. (uv.es)
  • Effects of forest expansion on mountain grassland: changes within soil organic carbon fractions. (wsl.ch)
  • Changes in soil organic carbon and nitrogen following forest expansion on grassland in the Southern Alps. (wsl.ch)
  • Stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C), sulfur (δ34S), oxygen (δ18O), hydrogen (δ2H), nitrogen (δ15N), and radioactive isotope of hydrogen (tritium) have been applied in combination with conventional techniques (chemical) to investigate Karachi coastal water pollution due to Layari and Malir rivers, which mainly carry the domestic and industrial wastewater of Karachi Metropolitan. (intechopen.com)
  • Carbon stable isotope breath tests provide a dose of non-radioactive 13C-labeled substrate, which is digested, absorbed, and metabolized, appearing on the breath as 13CO2. (imsi.institute)
  • Alpha particle ( ionizing radiation ) - two neutrons and two protons bound as a single particle (a helium nucleus) that is emitted from the nucleus of certain radioactive isotopes in the process of disintegration. (cdc.gov)
  • Background radioactivity - radioactive elements in the natural environment including those in the crust of the earth (like radioactive potassium, uranium, and thorium isotopes) and those produced by cosmic rays. (cdc.gov)
  • Beta particle ( ionizing radiation ) - a charged particle emitted from the nucleus of certain unstable atomic nuclei (radioactive isotopes), having the charge and mass of an electron. (cdc.gov)
  • We have applied the recently developed method of protein-based stable isotope probing (protein-SIP) to track carbon flow in a mixed culture of acidophilic bacteria. (jiomics.com)
  • UW's Stable Isotope Facility recently received an NSF contract to analyze soil samples for the entire NEON network across the United States. (uwyo.edu)
  • The University of Wyoming Stable Isotope Facility (SIF) is now the go-to laboratory to analyze soil samples from all across the country. (uwyo.edu)
  • Among samples with the same grow-out period, those that weighed more tended to have higher δ 13 C suggesting a close association between the carbon isotope ratio and growth rate of U. pinnatifida . (e-algae.org)
  • Based on wet chemical oxidation of dissolved organics the LC/IRMS interface allows the on-line injection of small volumes of water samples, an oxidation reaction to produce CO2 and gas transfer to the isotope ratio mass spectrometer. (hal.science)
  • 5. When cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) prey were absent, carbon isotope ratios of beetle populations did not change over time and virtually no egg production by H. convergens was detected. (tamu.edu)
  • Energy difference between recoils from 13C and 12C in the In this context, stable carbon isotopes play a certain role in the interpretation of biological activity, particularly when the fossil record is angular interval 150-180 degrees is about 85 keV. (lu.se)
  • PyC is a significant, pervasive and yet poorly understood "slow-cycling" form of carbon present in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, soils and sediments. (copernicus.org)
  • The fractions of 192Ir carried with the carbon NP retained in STOs, the For personal use only. (cdc.gov)
  • In brief, a 100µL plasma sample was spiked with 100µL of a mixture of 11 internal standards (fatty acids labeled with stable isotopes) to account for recovery. (cdc.gov)
  • Fragmentation of PFB-fatty acid esters using negative chemical ionization (NCI) resulted in a reproducible loss of the PFB moiety giving a stable carboxylate anion (mass minus 1 amu). (cdc.gov)
  • Carbon isotopic records of nutrient-depleted surface water place constraints on the past fertility of the oceans and on past atmospheric pCO2 levels. (pangaea.de)
  • It keeps the temperature relatively stable between day and night and makes life possible for the inhabitants of the planet. (lu.se)