RatiosRadioactive isotopesCompositionFish otolithsHydrogenBenthic foraminiferalNitrogen and oxygenGeochemicalCalcium carbonateStrontiumFractionationSeawaterPaleoclimateSignaturesGlobigerinoidesCompositionsMeasurementsSeparationTemperatureGadusRatioDecayNucleiSecondaryWaterEnvironmentalNaturallyNuclearHalf-lifeSyntheticResearchersStudiesCommonPresentValuesTechniquesApplicationsSamplesMethodsCycleDiscussConditionsEffectsPacificWild
Ratios6
- Table 2a) Stable isotope ratios of planktonic foraminifera from sediment core EN066-38PG in the equatorial Atlantic. (pangaea.de)
- Solid samples (organic and inorganic) for oxygen isotopic ratios are usually stored in silver cups and measured with pyrolysis and mass spectrometry. (wikipedia.org)
- A 200-year archaeozoological record of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) life history as revealed through ion microprobe oxygen isotope ratios in otoliths. (noaa.gov)
- This will be achieved by collecting specimens of the planktic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber and analysing the stable oxygen isotope ratios contained within their calcium carbonate tests (shells). (data.gov.uk)
- Oxygen isotope ratios provide information about the global ice volume and global climate, and the standard record can be identified world-wide. (data.gov.uk)
- Devereux I (1967) Temperature measurements from oxygen isotope ratios of fish otoliths. (springer.com)
Radioactive isotopes3
- There are three known stable isotopes of oxygen (8O): 16 O , 17 O , and 18 O . Radioactive isotopes ranging from 11 O to 28 O have also been characterized, all short-lived. (wikipedia.org)
- Radioactive isotopes of strontium (e.g., 89Sr and 90Sr, see Section 4.2) are the primary cause of concern with regard to human health (see Chapter 3). (cdc.gov)
- The most important radioactive isotopes, 89Sr and 90Sr, are formed during nuclear reactor operations and during nuclear explosions by the nuclear fission of 235U, 238U, or 239Pu. (cdc.gov)
Composition5
- Oxygen isotopes are also used to trace ocean composition and temperature which seafood is from. (wikipedia.org)
- The major ion hydrochemistry and environmental isotope composition ( δ 18 O, δ 2 H) were investigated to identify the recharge sources and processes that affect the groundwater salinization. (hindawi.com)
- Nelson CS, Northcote TG, Hendy CH (1989) Potential use of oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of otoliths to identify migratory and non-migratory stocks of the New Zealand common smelt: a pilot study. (springer.com)
- The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition δ 2 H and δ 18 O of leaf and lake water reflects the isotopic composition of source water/precipitation modified by evapo(transpi)rative enrichment. (copernicus.org)
- By using the trace elemental composition (Mg/Ca, Mn/Ca, and Ba/Ca) and stable carbon and oxygen isotopes of foraminiferal species Elphidium selseyensis and E. clavatum, we identified that generally warming and hypoxia occurred between about 7.5 and 3.3 ka BP, approximately coinciding in time with the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM). (lu.se)
Fish otoliths2
- In fish otoliths the ratio of oxygen isotopes, 18O/16O and measured as δ18O, is a function of ambient water temperature and to some degree, salinity. (noaa.gov)
- Evaluation of micromilling/conventional isotope ratio mass spectrometry and secondary ion mass spectrometry of δ18O values in fish otoliths for sclerochronology. (noaa.gov)
Hydrogen7
- 16 O has high relative and absolute abundance because it is a principal product of stellar evolution and because it is a primary isotope, meaning it can be made by stars that were initially hydrogen only. (wikipedia.org)
- 17 O is primarily made by burning hydrogen into helium in the CNO cycle, making it a common isotope in the hydrogen burning zones of stars. (wikipedia.org)
- As some methods of isotope separation enrich not only heavier isotopes of hydrogen but also heavier isotopes of oxygen when producing heavy water, the concentration of 17 O and 18 O can be measurably higher. (wikipedia.org)
- This session aims to bring together scientists from different fields applying single and dual oxygen and hydrogen isotope approaches on environmental-derived compounds for the reconstruction of climatic and biological processes that go beyond standard isotope analyses of water. (copernicus.org)
- We also encourage people working with all techniques (IRMS-, NMR- or spectroscopy-based) to present advances in methods, as well as researchers focusing on improving oxygen and hydrogen isotope-based models to discuss their approaches. (copernicus.org)
- In summary, the session will offer an overview on oxygen and hydrogen applications across different ecosystems in order to facilitate the interpretation of compound-specific isotope patterns. (copernicus.org)
- Stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen from an individual's diet are deposited in their hair where they can remain unchanged over thousands of years. (scienceblog.com)
Benthic foraminiferal6
- The Cenozoic Era is characterized by a long-term (~10^6 to 10^7 year) global cooling trend from the early Paleogene ice-free "greenhouse" conditions towards the Neogene "ice-house" regime, as inferred based on the globally compiled deep-sea benthic foraminiferal oxygen stable isotope records. (google.com)
- Globally compiled deep-sea benthic foraminiferal oxygen stable isotope records (adopted from Zachos et al. (google.com)
- Of the three Cenozoic benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotope events pointed above, the middle Miocene positive shift of ~0.9‰ between ca. 14.5 and 12.7 Ma is generally interpreted to indicate major expansion and permanent establishment of the East Antarctic ice sheet (EAIS) accompanied by some effect of deepwater cooling. (google.com)
- Before the middle-late Miocene EAIS/cooling shift, the benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotope record shows a brief but distinct negative excursion in the early middle Miocene that represents the most depleted values of the entire Neogene. (google.com)
- Furthermore, the subsequent retreat of the "warm" molluscan faunas in the North Pacific and the worldwide benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotope positive shift after the MMCO require an effective decrease in the poleward heat transport and reorganization of the global thermal budget. (google.com)
- We combined benthic foraminiferal geochemistry, faunal assemblages, and pore water stable isotopes to reconstruct seawater conditions (e.g., oxygenation, temperature, and salinity) over the past 7.7 thousand years (ka). (lu.se)
Nitrogen and oxygen1
Geochemical4
- Stable isotope and geochemical techniques have been used in groundwater studies of coastal aquifers worldwide [ 22 - 25 ] for determining the origins of groundwater salinization in aquifers and processes that affect water chemistry, such as rock weathering, evaporation, atmospheric precipitation, and cation exchange. (hindawi.com)
- Consequently, studying stable isotope and geochemical techniques can significantly improve our understanding of groundwater hydrodynamical processes and chemical evolution [ 26 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Rare earth elements will be determined using electron microprobe (EMP) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Oxygen isotopes will be analyzed using isotope mass spectrometry (MS). It is anticipated, based on tectonic history, petrographic and geochemical analyses, that the characteristics of these vein-filling cements will indicate a meteoric origin for the parent fluid(s). (searchanddiscovery.com)
- Friedman I, O'Neil JR (1977) Compilation of stable isotope fractionation factors of geochemical interest. (springer.com)
Calcium carbonate1
- Oxygen in otoliths (a calcium carbonate structure in fish ears) is used to determine fish age. (noaa.gov)
Strontium3
- Gauldie RW, West IF, Coote G, Merrett N (1995) Strontium variation and the oxygen isotope water temperature record in the otoliths of the deep water fishes Trachyrincus murrayi and Coryphaenoides mediterraneus . (springer.com)
- The percent occurrence of strontium isotopes and the radiologic properties of strontium isotopes are listed in Table 4-3. (cdc.gov)
- There are 26 isotopes of strontium, 4 of which occur naturally. (cdc.gov)
Fractionation2
- Experiments to date indicate that post depositional modification by biodegradation causes a reproducible fractionation factor ratio between O and Cl isotopes in perchlorate ( ε 18 O/ ε 37 Cl = 2.5) that is roughly perpendicular to the area in which mixtures of synthetic and Chilean ClO 4 - plot in dual isotope plots. (serdp-estcp.org)
- Grossman EL, Ku TL (1986) Oxygen and carbon isotope fractionation in biogenic aragonite: temperature effects. (springer.com)
Seawater1
- Gao YW (2008) Decadal-scale stable oxygen isotopic variations in seawater and implications for otolith thermometer studies. (springer.com)
Paleoclimate1
- Paleoclimate reconstructions based on paleontological records from onshore sections around the circum-Pacific margin reasonably well correspond to the Miocene deepwater oxygen isotope trends. (google.com)
Signatures2
- Rare earth element (REE) and oxygen isotope signatures in the Ordovician Vinini Formation type-section in central Nevada are being used to test the hypothesis that water-rock interaction in the typesection was limited to diagenetic fluids of meteoric origin. (searchanddiscovery.com)
- Gao YW (2002) Regime shift signatures from stable oxygen isotopic records of otoliths of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ). (springer.com)
Globigerinoides1
- Table 5) Stacked records of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes for Equatorial Atlantic Globigerinoides sacculifer. (pangaea.de)
Compositions1
- Gao YW, Bargmann GG, Brand U, Noakes DLG (2005) Stable isotopic and trace elemental compositions of otoliths and the stock structure of Pacific cod ( Gadus macrocephalus ). (springer.com)
Measurements1
- A new forensic approach for perchlorate has been developed, based on measurements of the stable isotopes of chlorine ( 37 Cl and 35 Cl) and oxygen ( 18 O, 17 O, and 16 O), and a radioactive chlorine isotope ( 36 Cl) in perchlorate. (serdp-estcp.org)
Separation3
- In this exercise, we will be conducting a classic isotope hydrograph separation for a forested watershed in northeastern Ohio. (carleton.edu)
- Buttle, J. Isotope Hydrograph Separation of Runoff Sources. (carleton.edu)
- Hydrograph separation using stable isotopes: review and evaluation. (carleton.edu)
Temperature1
- Oxygen isotopes are used to determine the temperature of the parent fluid(s) that precipitated the vein-filling cements. (searchanddiscovery.com)
Gadus2
- 2017. Age validation of Pacific cod ( Gadus macrocephalus ) using high-resolution stable oxygen isotope (δ 18O) chronologies in otoliths. (noaa.gov)
- Schwarcz HP, Gao Y, Campana S, Browne D, Knyf M, Brand U (1998) Stable carbon isotope variations in otoliths of cod ( Gadus morhua ). (springer.com)
Ratio2
- The key objectives of this project were as follows: (1) to validate the combined use of Cl and O stable isotope ratio analysis as a forensic tool to distinguish sources of perchlorate in groundwater, and (2) to demonstrate the isotopic techniques as a method to verify perchlorate biodegradation in the field. (serdp-estcp.org)
- Stable isotope ratio analysis of chlorine and oxygen in the perchlorate molecule were employed as the primary forensic tool to identify perchlorate from different sources. (serdp-estcp.org)
Decay2
- Modes of decay: Bold symbol as daughter - Daughter product is stable. (wikipedia.org)
- he half-life is the time it takes for half of the atoms of a radionuclide to undergo radioactive decay and change it into a different isotope. (cdc.gov)
Nuclei3
- the triple-alpha process creates 12 C , which captures an additional 4 He nucleus to produce 16 O . The neon burning process creates additional 16 O . Both 17 O and 18 O are secondary isotopes, meaning their synthesis requires seed nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
- All nuclei can be given a position in a nu- clear chart based on their number of neutrons, N and protons, Z. The light stable nuclei follow the line of stability, where N Z. Heavier nuclei tend to have more neutrons than protons, to damp out the increasing electrostatic repulsion between the protons, i.e to be stable. (lu.se)
- Through experiments it was discovered that nuclei having certain numbers of protons and neutrons are more stable than their neighbors on the nuclidic chart. (lu.se)
Secondary1
- 2013. Otolith oxygen isotopes measured by high-precision secondary ion mass spectrometry reflect life history of a yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera). (noaa.gov)
Water4
- Therefore facilities which remove tritium from heavy water used in nuclear reactors often also remove or at least reduce the amount of heavier isotopes of oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
- In most cases, hydrograph separations are conducted using the stable isotopes of water, since they are ideal, conservative tracers. (carleton.edu)
- Isotope data: An ISCO auto-sampler was deployed in the study area on 21 March 2014 and programmed to collect 1 L samples at 1 or 2 hour intervals after triggering by an increase in water level (i.e., signaling a storm event producing a rising hydrograph). (carleton.edu)
- Bottom water salinity in the Little Belt reconstructed from modeled pore water oxygen isotope data increased between 7.7 and 7.5 ka BP as a consequence of the transition from freshwater to brackish-marine conditions. (lu.se)
Environmental1
- Establishing discrimination for oxygen between these substrates for wild monkeys provides a foundation for future environmental and ecological research on modern and ancient organisms. (bvsalud.org)
Naturally1
Nuclear2
- The longest-lived radioisotope is 15 O with a half-life of 122.266(43) s, while the shortest-lived isotope is the unbound 11 O with a half-life of 198(12) yoctoseconds, though half-lives have not been measured for the unbound heavy isotopes 27 O and 28 O . mO - Excited nuclear isomer. (wikipedia.org)
- Heaviest particle-bound isotope of oxygen, see Nuclear drip line Natural oxygen is made of three stable isotopes, 16 O , 17 O , and 18 O , with 16 O being the most abundant (99.762% natural abundance). (wikipedia.org)
Half-life3
- Most 18 O is produced when 14 N (made abundant from CNO burning) captures a 4 He nucleus, becoming 18 F . This quickly (half-life around 110 minutes) beta decays to 18 O making that isotope common in the helium-rich zones of stars. (wikipedia.org)
- the most stable are 15 O with half-life 122.266(43) s and 14 O with half-life 70.621(11) s. (wikipedia.org)
- 90Sr is the more dangerous of the two isotopes due to its long half-life (29 years). (cdc.gov)
Synthetic1
Researchers1
- Researchers funded by the Wellcome Trust used DNA and stable isotope analysis to show how children as young as 6-years old were "fattened up" and taken on a pilgrimage to their death. (scienceblog.com)
Studies1
- In: Tongiorgi E (ed) Stable isotopes in oceanographic studies and paleotemperatures. (springer.com)
Common1
- The most common plutonium isotope is plutonium-239. (cdc.gov)
Present1
- Here, I present oxygen isotope (δ(18)O) values for bone carbonate and collagen from howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata), spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) and capuchins (Cebus capucinus) from three localities in Costa Rica. (bvsalud.org)
Values1
- Monkeys from moist forest have significantly lower isotope values than those from drier localities. (bvsalud.org)
Techniques1
- Techniques for labeling a substance with a stable or radioactive isotope. (bvsalud.org)
Applications1
- This is useful in many practical applications, e.g. measuring the concentration of oxygen in a respiratory tube in an operating room or air pollutants in the atmosphere across a city. (lu.se)
Samples3
- Due to natural oxygen being mostly 16 O, samples enriched with the other stable isotopes can be used for isotope labeling. (wikipedia.org)
- Dr Wilson and colleagues studied DNA and stable light isotopes from the hair samples to offer insight into the lives of these children. (scienceblog.com)
- By analysing stable isotopes found in the hair samples, Dr Wilson and colleagues were able to see that for much of the time prior to sacrifice, the children were fed a diet of vegetables such as potato, suggesting that they came from a peasant background. (scienceblog.com)
Methods1
- In addition to Cl and O isotopes of perchlorate, there are a large number of supporting methods/analyses available as forensic lines of evidence to help identify sources of perchlorate (or other contaminants) in a groundwater environment. (serdp-estcp.org)
Cycle1
- DeNiro MJ, Epstein S (1976) You are what you eat (plus a few permil): the carbon isotope cycle in food chains. (springer.com)
Discuss1
- In our contribution, we discuss the potential, the advances and the limitation of the coupled isotope approach based on leaf wax-derived n -alkane and hemicellulose-derived sugar biomarkers (δ 2 H n -alkanes - δ 18 O sugars ). (copernicus.org)
Conditions1
- Stable 15 N isotope incubations under dark and anoxic conditions revealed that axenic S. marinoi is able to reduce intracellular nitrate to ammonium that is immediately excreted by the cells. (frontiersin.org)
Effects1
- Other examples of small energy effects that could be measured in a similar way are isotope shifts (see figure 2 below) and Zeeman splittings in external magnetic fields. (lu.se)
Pacific2
- These early middle Miocene "warm" molluscan faunas in the North Pacific are replace by a relatively "cool" faunas, the timing of which likely corresponds to the deepwater EAIS/cooling oxygen isotope positive shift. (google.com)
- Gao YW, Beamish RJ (2003) Stable isotope variations in otoliths of Pacific halibut ( Hippoglossus stenolepis ) and indications of the possible 1990 regime shift. (springer.com)
Wild1
- Kalish JM (1991) Oxygen and carbon stable isotopes in the otoliths of wild and laboratory-reared Australian salmon ( Arripis trutta ). (springer.com)