Squalene adjuvants. Medical search. Frequent questions

The oil squalene is used in the adjuvant MF59. (wikipedia.org)
The anthrax vaccines used an oil-in-water emulsion of squalene known as MF59. (naturalhealth365.com)
Strategies to improve the response to vaccines include using a higher antigenic dose (such as in the high-dose inactivated influenza vaccines) as well as adding adjuvants (such as MF59 in the adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine). (bvsalud.org)

Consisting of 3M's molecular adjuvant 3M-052 formulated in a squalene emulsion by the Access to Advanced Health Institute (AAHI), the adjuvant formulation stimulates immune responses by engaging receptors on immune cells. (sflorg.com)

In this study, two H7N9 split virion vaccines with or without AS03 adjuvant were tested in the naive ferret model. (nature.com)
Here, we report the immunogenicity and protection induced in rhesus macaques by intramuscular injections of a VLP bearing a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (CoVLP) vaccine candidate formulated with or without Adjuvant System 03 (AS03) or cytidine-phospho-guanosine (CpG) 1018. (bvsalud.org)
Although a single dose of the unadjuvanted CoVLP vaccine candidate stimulated humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, booster immunization (at 28 days after priming) and adjuvant administration significantly improved both responses, with higher immunogenicity and protection provided by the AS03-adjuvanted CoVLP. (bvsalud.org)

The work, published in Science Translational Medicine Dec. 1, is a follow-up to a 2021 studying showing that the Moderna mRNA vaccine and a protein-based vaccine candidate containing an adjuvant, a substance that enhances immune responses, elicited durable neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 during infancy in preclinical research. (sflorg.com)

An immunologic adjuvant is defined as any substance that acts to accelerate, prolong, or enhance antigen-specific immune responses when used in combination with specific vaccine antigens. (wikipedia.org)
Because immune systems have evolved to recognize these specific antigenic moieties, the presence of an adjuvant in conjunction with the vaccine can greatly increase the innate immune response to the antigen by augmenting the activities of dendritic cells, lymphocytes, and macrophages by mimicking a natural infection. (wikipedia.org)
SQUALENE: Pandemrix has the lowest concentration of virus antigen of all the H1N1 vaccines which are available on the market. (sanevax.org)
The mechanism by which vaccine adjuvants enhance immune responses has historically been considered to be the creation of an antigen depot. (mdpi.com)
The identification of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) has greatly advanced our understanding of how adjuvants work beyond the simple concept of extended antigen release and has accelerated the development of novel adjuvants. (mdpi.com)
Pharmaceutical compositions including an effective amount of an immuno-stimulatory cardiolipin as an adjuvant in combination with an antigen and methods of use thereof for stimulating protective immunity to the antigen in a subject are provided. (justia.com)
Administration of the combination of the antigen and cardiolipin adjuvant is effective to enhance antigen-specific immunity in a subject to a greater degree than administering to the subject the same amount of the antigen alone. (justia.com)

An adjuvant is an ingredient used in some vaccines that helps create a stronger immune response in people receiving the vaccine. (cdc.gov)
As a vaccine continues to be developed, one shark advocacy group has raised concerns over the use of the ingredient squalene. (canadiangeographic.ca)
Harvested from the liver of sharks, squalene is a common ingredient used in vaccines and is being incorporated as a component in some COVID-19 vaccines already in pre-clinical trials. (canadiangeographic.ca)
Shark-based adjuvants are already used in some current flu vaccines, so this is not the first time squalene has been used as a vaccine ingredient. (canadiangeographic.ca)

A number of studies have shown that squalene can trigger all of the above-mentioned autoimmune diseases when injected. (blogspot.com)

A shot of swine flu vaccine that is about a third of the size of a standard dose is protective when boosted with an additive called an adjuvant, Canada's pandemic vaccine manufacturer said Monday. (natmedtalk.com)
That means the Department of Health and Human Services has now purchased $698 million dollars' worth of oil-in-water (squalene-containing) adjuvants for the H1N1 Swine Flu pandemic. (blogspot.com)

There are many known adjuvants in widespread use, including aluminium salts, oils and virosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Aluminium salts are the most commonly-used adjuvants in human vaccines. (wikipedia.org)
Towards an understanding of the adjuvant action of aluminium. (smw.ch)
Aluminium salts are common adjuvants in vaccines given to children. (ageofautism.com)
For example, paediatricians, responsible for administering the vaccine schedule for children, seem in particular, to be uninformed about the properties of aluminium adjuvants and their mode of action in vaccines. (ageofautism.com)
An appreciation of how much aluminium is present in a single injection of a vaccine is critical to understanding how aluminium adjuvants are effective in stimulating the immune response. (ageofautism.com)
Currently about 20 childhood vaccines include an aluminium adjuvant. (ageofautism.com)
Industry does this to account for the fact that there are no strict molecular weights for the polymeric aluminium salts that are used as adjuvants in vaccinations. (ageofautism.com)
They prepare acid digests of the adjuvants and measure their total aluminium using ICP MS. This is not explained in the literature they provide with vaccines and can cause confusion for some as the actual weight of hydrated aluminium salt (e.g. aluminium oxyhydroxide, aluminium hydroxyphosphate and aluminium hydroxyphosphatesulphate) in any vaccine preparation is actually approximately ten fold higher. (ageofautism.com)

Plant saponins from Quillaia (the bark of a soap bark tree), soybean, Polygala senega Cytokines: IL-1, IL-2, IL-12 CpG oligonucleotides Combinations: Freund's complete adjuvant, Freund's incomplete adjuvant, AS01 (combining MPL and Quillaia saponins), Matrix-M (combining Quillaia saponins and two types of fat) There are many adjuvants, some of which are inorganic, that carry the potential to augment immunogenicity. (wikipedia.org)
The RSVPreF3-AS01 vaccine, containing the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prefusion F protein and the AS01 adjuvant, was previously shown to boost neutralization responses against historical RSV strains and to be efficacious in preventing RSV-associated lower respiratory tract diseases in older adults. (bvsalud.org)

No matter what the mechanism is, alum is not a perfect adjuvant because it does not work with all antigens (e.g. malaria and tuberculosis). (wikipedia.org)
However, recent research indicates that alum formulated in a nanoparticle form rather than microparticles can broaden the utility of alum adjuvants and promote stronger adjuvant effects. (wikipedia.org)
This apparent ignorance of the published scientific literature is unexpected in those charged with the wellbeing of neonates and infants and especially in the light of Janeway's description of alum adjuvant as 'the immunologist's dirty little secret' [2]. (ageofautism.com)

In this review we use influenza vaccine as a model in a discussion of the different mechanisms of action of the available adjuvants. (smw.ch)
Influenza vaccine effectiveness could be improved by combination with an adjuvant with the potential to enhance the host-vaccine response both quantitatively and qualitatively. (researchsquare.com)
The goal of this study was to explore a RIG-I agonist (SDI-nanogel) and a TLR7/8 agonist (Imidazoquinoline (IMDQ)‐PEG‐Chol) as adjuvants, when co-administered with a licensed quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV), and to determine the role of these adjuvants in directing helper T (Th) cell responses for their role in the immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching. (researchsquare.com)

In immunology, an adjuvant is a substance that increases or modulates the immune response to a vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
An adjuvant is a substance that enhances the effectiveness of antigens in vaccines, acting as a booster to make antigens stronger. (canadiangeographic.ca)
And the vaccine, developed for the 2016-2017 flu season, contains a nasty surprise - squalene , the substance many say is responsible for triggering Gulf war syndrome. (naturalhealth365.com)
Initially the Department of Defense denied squalene's presence in the compulsory vaccines, but the FDA found evidence of the substance, and tests detecting anti-squalene antibodies in Gulf War Syndrome patients provided a clear link. (naturalhealth365.com)
Squalene is a naturally occurring substance in animals, plants and humans. (naturalhealth365.com)

Newer adjuvants have been developed to target specific components of the body's immune response, so that protection against disease is stronger and lasts longer. (cdc.gov)
Adjuvants are substances added to vaccines to create a stronger immune response to the vaccine. (naturalhealth365.com)

In truth, studies confirm that adjuvants like squalene can generate long-term, concentrated and unremitting immune responses . (naturalhealth365.com)

In a study published in the American Journal of Pathology in 2000, a single injection of squalene caused rheumatoid arthritis - an autoimmune disease - in rats. (naturalhealth365.com)

What is terrifying is that these pandemic vaccines contain ingredients, called immune adjuvants that a number of studies have shown cause devastating autoimmune disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and lupus. (blogspot.com)

Squalene was used as an adjuvant in compulsory anthrax vaccinations given to servicemen during the Gulf War. (naturalhealth365.com)

Adjuvants accomplish this task by mimicking specific sets of evolutionarily conserved molecules, so called pathogen-associated molecular patterns, which include liposomes, lipopolysaccharide, molecular cages for antigens, components of bacterial cell walls, and endocytosed nucleic acids such as RNA, double-stranded RNA, single-stranded DNA, and unmethylated CpG dinucleotide-containing DNA. (wikipedia.org)

A version without the bacteria, that is only oil in water, is known as Freund's incomplete adjuvant. (wikipedia.org)

Adjuvant 65 (based on peanut oil) was tested in influenza vaccines in the 1970s, but was never released commercially. (wikipedia.org)

The vaccine contains squalene, which has been implicated in Gulf War syndrome. (spokesman.com)
Besides, no firm connection between squalene and Gulf War syndrome has been established. (spokesman.com)
The vaccine does not contain squalene, which has been accused - also without good evidence - of causing Gulf War syndrome. (factcheck.org)
Prof Garry was the man to discover the connection between the Gulf War syndrome and squalene. (blogspot.com)
According to his findings, the Gulf War syndrome was caused by squalene, which was banned by a Federal Court Judge in 2004 from the Pentagons use. (blogspot.com)
Squalene in vaccines has been strongly linked to the Gulf War Syndrome. (blogspot.com)

Iscom particles can be used as an adjuvant for preparing of an antigenic composition which comprises live micro-organisms and/or killed micro-organisms and/or antigenic molecules. (justia.com)

Each animal received one of two vaccine types: a preclinical version of the Moderna mRNA vaccine or a vaccine combining a protein developed by the Vaccine Research Center of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), with a potent adjuvant formulation. (sflorg.com)

Used to help regulate a shark's buoyancy, squalene exists in high quantities in the livers of deep-sea sharks and can be easily extracted. (canadiangeographic.ca)
Based on human population sizes and previously measured quantities of squalene in adjuvants, Shark Allies is able to estimate the number of sharks that would be needed to fulfill the demands of a global vaccine. (canadiangeographic.ca)

However, it is synthetic squalene in the vaccines, and is injected directly into the blood. (natmedtalk.com)

Some vaccines that are made from weakened or killed germs contain naturally occurring adjuvants and help the body produce a strong protective immune response. (cdc.gov)

That is why scientists cannot predict what effects the adjuvant will have on humans with different genetics and ages. (blogspot.com)
In humans, squalene is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include risedronate action pathway, steroid biosynthesis, alendronate action pathway, and fluvastatin action pathway. (foodb.ca)

Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Squalene Epoxidase from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (noveoninc.com)
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Human Squalene monooxygenase (SQLE) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids. (noveoninc.com)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for quantification of Human Squalene synthase in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. (noveoninc.com)
Administration of QIV with the two adjuvants, individually or combined, resulted in enhanced HA-specific serum ELISA IgG titers, serum hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers and splenic T cell responses as examined by IFN-γ and IL-4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assays, 4-weeks post-prime and post-boost vaccination in BALB/c mice. (researchsquare.com)

If a vaccine incorporating shark squalene is selected, it could result in the killing of an estimated half a million sharks. (canadiangeographic.ca)
The fear, however, is that if a vaccine incorporating shark squalene is selected, the amount needed to create enough vaccines to be viable on a global scale would require the killing of hundreds of thousands of sharks. (canadiangeographic.ca)
They have stated that approximately 3,000 sharks need to be killed to produce one ton of squalene, and estimate that 500,000 sharks could be killed if a vaccine incorporating shark squalene is selected. (canadiangeographic.ca)
Shark squalene can only come from dead sharks, and farming sharks is very difficult. (canadiangeographic.ca)
Squalene is a natural 30-carbon organic compound originally obtained for commercial purposes primarily from shark liver oil (hence its name, as Squalus is a genus of sharks), although plant sources (primarily vegetable oils) are now used as well, including amaranth seed, rice bran, wheat germ, and olives. (foodb.ca)

The average quantity of squalene injected into the US soldiers abroad and at home in the anthrax vaccine during and after the Gulf War was 34.2 micrograms per billion micrograms of water. (blogspot.com)
The Chiron company, maker of the deadly anthrax vaccine, makes an adjuvant called MF-59 which contains two main ingredients of concern-squalene and gp120. (blogspot.com)

Squalene is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include cholesteryl ester storage disease, CHILD syndrome, hyper-igd syndrome, and wolman disease. (foodb.ca)

How does squalene harm the human body? (naturalhealth365.com)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Squalene Epoxidase (SQLE) in Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (noveoninc.com)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Squalene Epoxidase (SQLE) in samples from Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (noveoninc.com)
Squalene can be found primarily in blood, feces, and sweat, as well as throughout most human tissues. (foodb.ca)
Several studies done on human test subjects found MF-59 to be a very safe immune adjuvant. (blogspot.com)

The group has raised concerns over the possible use of shark squalene in a COVID-19 vaccine. (canadiangeographic.ca)

But what we really want to avoid is that the use of adjuvants would enhance local reactogenicity or even worse, would also enhance systemic reactions. (blogspot.com)
Adjuvants enhance the immune response and cause the immune system to overreact to the introduction of the organism being vaccinated against. (naturalhealth365.com)

Carlson BC, Jansson AM, Larsson A, Bucht A, Lorentzen JC: The endogenous adjuvant squalene can induce a chronic T-cell-mediated arthritis in rats. (exbio.cz)

Researchers from Austria have found a way to produce the vaccine adjuvant Squalene in the laboratory, which may, for instance, be urgently needed for vaccines against corona. (eurogroupforanimals.org)
Squalene is a natural compound found in most plants and animals but is often obtained for commercial purposes from shark liver oil. (canadiangeographic.ca)
Found in abundant supply throughout the nervous system and brain, squalene is actually a beneficial antioxidant when consumed. (naturalhealth365.com)
Squalene can be found in a number of food items such as apricot, savoy cabbage, peach (variety), and bitter gourd, which makes squalene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. (foodb.ca)
Animal studies using this adjuvant have found them to be deadly. (blogspot.com)
A study using 14 guinea pigs found that when they were injected with the special adjuvant, only one animal survived. (blogspot.com)
I reviewed a number of studies on this adjuvant and found something quite interesting. (blogspot.com)

It's clear that many elderly people - with weakened immune systems in the first place - will be subjected to the potential ravages of squalene-laden injections this flu season. (naturalhealth365.com)

At a meeting called by FDA and NIH's NIAID in December 2008 to discuss how to perform studies to determine whether the new adjuvants were safe, there was relatively frank discussion by the speakers. (blogspot.com)

Valued in the cosmetic industry for its high moisturizing properties, squalene is frequently incorporated into products such as sunscreen, deodorants, and anti-aging creams. (canadiangeographic.ca)

Adjuvants help the body to produce an immune response strong enough to protect the person from the disease he or she is being vaccinated against. (cdc.gov)

A booster vaccination with QIV+IMDQ-PEG-Chol resulted in a more balanced IgG1/IgG2a response in animals primed with QIV+IMDQ-PEG-Chol but increased only IgG2a titers in animals that received the combination adjuvant during prime vaccination, suggesting that class switching events in germinal centres during the prime vaccination contribute to the outcome of booster vaccination. (researchsquare.com)

The group is not asking companies to slow down the process of developing a vaccine, but instead, use alternative sources such as plant-based squalene. (canadiangeographic.ca)

In other words, adjuvants help vaccines work better. (cdc.gov)

It is called squalene, a type of oil. (blogspot.com)

Adjuvants in immunology are often used to modify or augment the effects of a vaccine by stimulating the immune system to respond to the vaccine more vigorously, and thus providing increased immunity to a particular disease. (wikipedia.org)
In smaller amounts, squalene causes autoimmune disease, and sterilization. (natmedtalk.com)

This study details the benefit of adjuvants that target multiple innate immune receptors to shape the host vaccine response. (researchsquare.com)
This study investigates the effect of the nanostructure of squalene in the form of microemulsion on COVID-19 patients. (bvsalud.org)

Incidentally, adjuvants are used to make it possible to use smaller amounts of a flu vaccine , thus allowing for a greater amount of individual doses - and greater profits for the pharmaceutical companies. (naturalhealth365.com)

They had large amount of batches that contained squalene. (bodybuilding.com)
The amount of squalene used in this new vaccine is one million times the amount used on the soldiers, so don't get the shot. (natmedtalk.com)

In looking for some verification of the 'million-times more squalene' than was in 'Vaccine A' that caused the catastrophic Gulf War I Illness (which ruined the lives of hundreds of thousands of troops and killed thousands of others -ed), I came across this article. (blogspot.com)
billion microgrammes of water, i.e. one million times more squalene per dose than in (4). (blogspot.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms1

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs39

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Phenomena and Processes1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Health Care3

MF593

Emulsion1

AS033

Neutralizing antibody1

Antigen7

Ingredient4

Autoimmune diseases1

Swine flu2

Aluminium9

AS012

Alum3

Influenza Vaccine3

Substance5

Stronger2

Immune responses1

20001

Vaccines contain1

Vaccinations1

Antigens1

Bacteria1

Commercially1

Gulf War Synd6

Antigenic1

Protein1

Quantities2

Synthetic1

Naturally1

Humans2

Serum4

Sharks5

Anthrax2

Syndrome1

Human5

Concerns1

Enhance2

Arthritis1

Found7

Potential1

Studies1

Products1

Produce1

Booster1

Alternative sources1

Work1

Type1

Disease2

Study2

Make1

Amount2

Million times2