Spread of influenza pandemic social distance. Medical search. Frequent questions

On 11 June 2009, a new strain of H1N1 influenza was declared to be a pandemic (Stage 6) by the WHO after evidence of spreading in the southern hemisphere. (wikipedia.org)
The 13 November 2009 worldwide update by the WHO stated that "[a]s of 8 November 2009, worldwide more than 206 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported [503,536] laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including over 6,250 deaths. (wikipedia.org)
Many national and international health agencies recommended the use of face masks during the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. (cambridge.org)
Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus emerged in Mexico in early 2009 and rapidly spread worldwide. (cambridge.org)
Chowell emphasizes,"We must remain vigilant and continue to monitor the circulation and health burden of the pandemic A/H1N1 and co-circulating influenza viruses in the coming years. (nih.gov)
The 1918 H1N1 influenza pandemic, also known as the Spanish flu, was the most severe pandemic in modern history. (abc7.com)
Also known as the 1918 influenza pandemic, it involved the H1N1 influenza virus which was also responsible for the 2009 swine flu. (mymodernmet.com)
Students comprised the majority of early cases of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in Melbourne, Australia. (who.int)
Initial reports of confirmed cases of pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 (pH1N1) in Australia and internationally suggested that students comprised the majority of early cases. (who.int)
Yet, a historical perspective of quarantine can contribute to a better understanding of its applications and can help trace the long roots of stigma and prejudice from the time of the Black Death and early outbreaks of cholera to the 1918 influenza pandemic and to the first influenza pandemic of the twenty-first century, the 2009 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 outbreak. (cdc.gov)
At CDC, Chillag worked on polio eradication in Bangladesh, biomedical HIV research in the United States and Sub-Saharan Africa, and served in the Emergency Operations Center during the H1N1 influenza pandemic. (davidson.edu)
From the bubonic plague in the 1300s to the 1918 influenza pandemic to more contemporary epidemics like HIV/AIDS, SARS, H1N1, these epidemics teach important lessons. (davidson.edu)
Erin Celello, an associate professor of creative writing at the University of Wisconsin at Whitewater and a novelist, co-wrote an essay with her husband for the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel in April about how, back at the height of an earlier pandemic, her husband was in a coma and on a ventilator after contracting H1N1 influenza. (chronicle.com)
The A/H1N1 2009 influenza pandemic revealed that operational issues of school closure interventions, such as when school closure should be initiated (activation trigger), how long schools should be closed (duration) and what type of school closure should be adopted, varied greatly between and within countries. (biomedcentral.com)
Computer simulation can be used to examine school closure intervention strategies in order to inform public health authorities as they refine school closure guidelines in light of experience with the A/H1N1 2009 pandemic. (biomedcentral.com)
In 2009, influenza A/H1N1 virus, first identified in Mexico, rapidly circulated around the world causing an influenza pandemic [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The A/H1N1 2009 influenza pandemic has caused at least 16,455 deaths in 213 countries as of 28th February, 2010 [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Social distancing policies, such as school closures and self-quarantine measures, were used during the 2014 Ebola outbreak and the 2009 H1N1 influenza (flu) pandemic to thwart the spread of disease. (nhspi.org)
Comparing historic data from the 2002 to 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic and the 2009 influenza A H1N1 pandemic with the current COVID-19 pandemic, researchers analyzed the early government action and social distancing measures taken by individuals. (medicalbag.com)
Compared with the H1N1 pandemic, during which most infected people had a short length of time to infection and a few days of peak infectiousness to others, COVID-19 has a serial interval estimated to be 4.4 to 7.5 days, making it more similar in this quality to severe acute respiratory syndrome. (medicalbag.com)
Number of laboratory-confirmed new influenza A (H1N1) cases and deaths reported to WHO as of 20 May 2009, 16:00 GMT. (who.int)
The newly emerged influenza A (H1N1) strain which has not not circulated previously in humans is easily transmitted from one person to another and from one country to another. (who.int)
Available evidence suggests that the main route of human-to-human transmission of the new influenza A (H1N1) virus is via respiratory droplets. (who.int)
Most cases present with symptoms such as fever, cough, runny nose, headache, general body weakness and tiredness.2 In addition, diarrhoea which is not a known characteristic of seasonal influenza has been reported among confirmed cases in many countries.3 A substantial proportion of the severe cases in the new influenza A (H1N1) outbreak involve young and healthy adults, unlike in seasonal influenza. (who.int)
The 2009 influenza A (H1N1) monovalent vaccine was released in mid October. (medscape.com)
Targeted populations recommended to receive the 2009 H1N1 vaccine included pregnant women, household contacts and caregivers of children younger than 6 months, healthcare and emergency medical services personnel, children aged 6 months to 18 years, young adults aged 19-24 years, and persons aged 25 through 64 years with conditions associated with higher risk of medical complications from influenza. (medscape.com)
Now H1N1 is a component of the trivalent and quadrivalent influenza vaccines. (medscape.com)
A 2012 study in Denmark found no evidence of an increased risk of fetal death associated with exposure to an adjuvanted pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza vaccine during pregnancy. (medscape.com)
The CDC has issued interim recommendations for controlling the spread of H1N1 influenza in health care settings. (medscape.com)

The ongoing pandemic outbreak has overlapped with the annual Northern Hemisphere influenza season. (health.mil)
Two million adult therapeutic courses of oseltamivir were donated to WHO by the manufacturer in order to support the developing countries that are most likely to be affected by avian influenza in humans and that are unable to afford oseltamavir, helping them to reduce morbidity and mortality in the case of an outbreak of avian influenza in humans and prevent the further spread of such an outbreak. (who.int)
tackle: (1) management of sporadic human infections caused by an influenza virus with pandemic potential, (2) a threat to humans from an avian influenza outbreak in poultry reported to OIE. (who.int)
It is held by the manufacturer and reserved for donation to WHO for use according to the Organization's assessment of the situation, at the site of the outbreak of a possible human influenza pandemic in order to reduce morbidity and mortality and contain or delay national and international spread. (who.int)
The Covid-19 coronavirus is the worst pandemic since the 1918 Spanish Influenza outbreak. (theherschelhoard.com)
Additionally, this outbreak overlapped with major conflicts during World War I, so soldiers, packed together in barracks, easily spread the virus among themselves and to the next battle site. (si.edu)
During the first pandemic outbreak, federal workers from the Bureau of War Risk Insurance joined Smithsonian employees in the overcrowded the United States National Museum, now known as the National Museum of Natural History. (si.edu)
School closures were shown to reduce morbidity from the Asian Flu by 90% during the 1957-58 outbreak, and up to 50% in controlling influenza in the US, 2004-2008. (kiddle.co)
Lopez cites several academic studies of the 1918 influenza outbreak as evidence of the effectiveness of social distancing. (openculture.com)
Hence, strategic pandemic preparedness is a major concern, as we must be reasonably assured that we can contain a pandemic influenza outbreak. (biomedcentral.com)
Study selection Studies were included if they reported on a seasonal or pandemic influenza outbreak coinciding with a planned or unplanned school closure. (bmj.com)
Life under pandemics such as the Black Death or the 1918 influenza outbreak entailed many of the same conditions we are experiencing today - and many that were much worse. (discovermagazine.com)
Slavin says that only 15 percent of Milan's population was wiped out, due possibly to some degree of social distancing, while the city that is now Dubrovnik instituted one of the earliest known public quarantine initiatives, sending newcomers to an offshore island for 40 days during an outbreak in 1377. (discovermagazine.com)
When increasing numbers of human cases of novel influenza A illness are identified and the virus has the potential to spread from person-to-person, public health actions focus on control of the outbreak, including treatment of sick persons. (cdc.gov)

Defense Health Agency officials had indicated in early December 2020, that Influenza-Like-Illness (ILI) does tend to peak during the winter months, which has been the case in the Pacific Northwest the last few years. (health.mil)
During NMRTC Bremerton's 2020-2021 seasonal influenza campaign, over 2,250 flu shots were administered, including a staff pandemic influenza drill that immunized approximately 750 staff members in less than 72 hours. (health.mil)
The CDC estimates that SARS-CoV-2 entered the United States in late January or early February 2020, establishing low-level community spread before being noticed. (medscape.com)
Early in the pandemic (April 3, 2020), the CDC issued a recommendation that the general public, even those without symptoms, should wear face coverings in public settings where social-distancing measures were difficult to maintain to abate the spread of COVID-19. (medscape.com)
Based on this observation, the Eastern Mediterranean Region is also expecting influenza to return to the same levels as before the COVID-19 pandemic, after they had decreased in 2020 and 2021. (who.int)
We report on the various responses in Australia during 2020 to minimize negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the welfare of animals. (frontiersin.org)
There was no influenza epidemic in Sweden during the 2020-2021 influenza surveillance season, due to a combination of factors stemming from the current COVID-19 pandemic. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
During the 2020- 202 1 season, one patient with influenza was reported having received intensive care. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
Background: In 2020, a unique social experience was provided by the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. (bvsalud.org)
Conclusions: Ashtma hospitalizations decreased in 2020, especially in the pediatric group and the older group during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may be associated with the reduction in the incidence of many respiratory viral infections. (bvsalud.org)

Intended impact of social distancing measures as nonpharmaceutical interventions for an influenza pandemic. (cdc.gov)
Therefore, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as social distancing ( 2 ), will be heavily relied on by health authorities to slow influenza transmission in the community, with 3 desired outcomes ( Figure ). (cdc.gov)
Although a clear biological and epidemiologic rationale supports the potential effectiveness of social distancing measures, there are few opportunities for rigorous controlled trials of community interventions against influenza. (cdc.gov)
The United States implemented school closures on a local basis during the 2009 pandemic, but the impact of these interventions has yet to be evaluated. (nih.gov)
The CDC advised that nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are the most important response strategy for delaying viral spread and reducing disease impact. (medscape.com)
Population-wide social distancing plus other interventions (eg, home self-isolation, school and business closures) are strongly advised. (medscape.com)
The focus has to shift from containment to mitigation, meaning that instead of stopping individual transmission, the goal is to implement societal interventions of social distancing. (bangordailynews.com)
During the 1918 flu pandemic , authorities in the US implemented school closures, bans on public gatherings, and other social distancing interventions in Philadelphia and in St. Louis, but in Philadelphia the delay of five days in initiating these measures allowed transmission rates to double three to five times, whereas a more immediate response in St. Louis was significant in reducing transmission there. (kiddle.co)
Bootsma and Ferguson analyzed social distancing interventions in 16 US cities during the 1918 epidemic and found that time-limited interventions reduced total mortality only moderately (perhaps 10-30%), and that the impact was often very limited because the interventions were introduced too late and lifted too early. (kiddle.co)
8,12,15 Further, decision-making about implementing pandemic influenza management plans are generally guided by mathematical models that compare the potential impact of prevention and control measures such as school closures, provided there is adequate information on the effect of these interventions on contact and transmission patterns within and across groups involved in the intervention. (who.int)
As seen during past pandemic influenza outbreaks, pharmaceutical interventions (PHIs) with vaccines and antivirals are the most effective methods of mitigation. (biomedcentral.com)
Known approaches for pandemic influenza and mitigation containment utilize both pharmaceutical interventions (PHIs) and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). (biomedcentral.com)
Interventions to tackle the pandemic may affect the burden of other respiratory diseases. (bvsalud.org)
An individual-based simulation model was used to investigate the effectiveness of school closure interventions for influenza pandemics with R 0 of 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5. (biomedcentral.com)
In reports released by The Imperial College (England) 4 emphasized the importance of non-pharmacological interventions to control the current pandemic. (bvsalud.org)
Nonpharmaceutical interventions, such as social distancing, represent additional key tools for mitigating the impact of outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
Public health actions at this time may focus on the use of appropriate non-pharmaceutical interventions in the community (e.g. school and child-care facility closures , social distancing ), as well the use of medications (e.g. antivirals ) and vaccines, if available. (cdc.gov)
Public health actions include continued vaccination, monitoring of pandemic influenza A virus circulation and illness, and reducing the use of non-pharmaceutical interventions in the community (e.g. school closures ). (cdc.gov)

The objective of these mitigation measures is to reduce transmission, thereby delaying the epidemic peak, reducing the size of the epidemic peak, and spreading cases over a longer time to relieve pressure on the healthcare system. (cdc.gov)
An influenza pandemic is an epidemic of an influenza virus that spreads across a large region (either multiple continents or worldwide) and infects a large proportion of the population. (wikipedia.org)
Emergency hospital during influenza epidemic at Camp Funston in Kansas around 1918. (globalbiodefense.com)
It was observed that several cities experienced a second epidemic peak after social distancing controls were lifted, because susceptible individuals who had been protected were now exposed. (kiddle.co)
Similarly, mandatory school closures and other social distancing measures were associated with a 29% to 37% reduction in influenza transmission rates during the 2009 flu epidemic in Mexico. (kiddle.co)
People in the U.S. have done this before, of course, just a little over a hundred years ago during the influenza epidemic called the " Spanish Flu ," though the buzzy term "social distancing" wasn't used then. (openculture.com)
Chillag said social distancing measures like school closings or cancellation of mass gatherings, as we can see in the COVID-19 epidemic, can play an important role in public health response, but it is critical that they be grounded in the best available evidence, good governance, transparency, accountability, and solidarity. (davidson.edu)
The report states: "It was agreed that the addition of both general social distancing and school closures to case isolation, household isolation and social distancing of vulnerable groups would be likely to control the epidemic when kept in place for a long period. (thecanary.co)
Researchers believe that the COVID-19 epidemic spreads more slowly than a new, seasonal influenza A strain, and it could have a longer duration. (medicalbag.com)
These exemplary experiences will only be remembered when the influenza epidemic of 1918 is accepted as part of tribal and national memory. (jstor.org)
Spain, which was neutral, reported on the pandemic, creating the impression that the country was hardly hit by the epidemic, thus the name Spanish flu. (internetvibes.net)
Social distancing measures are widely used as non-pharmacological measures with better performance in flattening the COVID-19 epidemic curve. (bvsalud.org)
In addition, findings by Dehning et al5 (in Germany) and Garcia and Duarte 6 (in Brazil) corroborate the hypothesis that social isolation is fundamental for disease control, being a non-pharmacological and effective measure for reducing the hypothetical epidemic curve for COVID-19. (bvsalud.org)

While the COVID-19 pandemic has not taken as many lives to date, nevertheless, there are still many parallels between the 1918 pandemic and the COVID-19 pandemic nowadays. (ugm.ac.id)
Also, at the same important, is the latest study of the navigation of cancer surgery care in limited-resource countries during COVID-19 pandemic by Sumadi Lukman Anwar, MD, Ph.D. from the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada. (ugm.ac.id)
About 675,000 people died in the United States during the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic and many of those public health lessons can apply to the current COVID-19 pandemic. (abc7.com)
Although we're only a few months into the COVID-19 pandemic, there are currently many similarities to what we saw then. (abc7.com)
The social distancing measures we've learned during the COVID-19 pandemic may help to slow influenza. (samaritanmedicalcare.com)
9 November 2022 - Although the COVID-19 pandemic is not yet over, WHO is also now focusing on preparedness for the 2022-2023 influenza season, which is likely to be more severe this year, following a record low in cases over the past 2 winters. (who.int)
During the COVID-19 pandemic, both COVID-19 and the flu may be spreading at the same time. (mayoclinic.org)
Information from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic suggests that this virus is spreading more efficiently than influenza, but not as efficiently as measles, which is highly contagious. (gbtribune.com)
In order to support research on how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the dynamics of a single metropolitan area and the communities therein, we developed and made publicly available a "data-support system" for the city of Boston. (nature.com)
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic continues, but parts of the US are already reopening some workplaces and businesses. (popsugar.com)
In light of the protracted nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries may wish to conduct periodic reviews during the event so they can continue to reflect on the ongoing response and revise national and subnational response strategies and plans as needed. (who.int)

October 2007)".1 This document outlines a strategy for using antivirals and other measures (for example, quarantine, isolation and social distancing) in any country in order to stop (if possible) or slow the spread of an influenza virus with pandemic potential, if that virus is detected and reported rapidly enough. (who.int)
With no vaccine and no antibiotics to protect against influenza infection, national leaders suggested to isolate and quarantine. (click2houston.com)
For 17 days, Houstonians remained in their homes in quarantine, hoping to slow the spread of this unknown disease. (click2houston.com)
But during wartime, soldiers weren't the only people who could not quarantine or practice what we now call social distancing. (si.edu)
To lessen the risk from these new and resurging threats to public health, authorities are again using quarantine as a strategy for limiting the spread of communicable diseases. (cdc.gov)
Not quite quarantine, social distancing involves a semi-voluntary restriction of our movements. (openculture.com)
These three factors-PTO, telecommuting, and high-speed internet access from home-can enhance the likelihood individuals will adhere to social distancing and quarantine measures. (nhspi.org)
Quarantine can also help limit the spread of communicable disease. (cityofcordova.net)

00:02:03.030 COCA CDC (Moderator): At the conclusion of the session, the participant will be able to accomplish the following summarize updates to a Civ recommendations for the 2022 2021 influenza vaccination season. (cdc.gov)
00:02:16.950 COCA CDC (Moderator): Discuss the standards for adult immunization practice in general vaccination guidance during the covert 19 pandemic and described flu vaccination planning and guidance for large vaccination clinics held in satellite temporary or off site locations. (cdc.gov)
Influenza vaccines have low compliance since repeated, annual vaccination is required. (jmir.org)
Elucidating the association between social media engagement and influenza vaccination is important and may be applicable to other vaccines, including ones against COVID-19. (jmir.org)
The goal of this study is to characterize profiles of social media engagement regarding the influenza vaccine and their association with knowledge and compliance in order to support improvement of future web-associated vaccination campaigns. (jmir.org)
Participants that used social media were younger, secular, and living in high-density agglomerations and had lower influenza vaccination rates. (jmir.org)
Using social media is negatively linked to compliance with seasonal influenza vaccination in this study. (jmir.org)
Targeted communication, based on sociodemographic factors and personalized social media usage, might increase influenza vaccination rates and compliance with other vaccines as well. (jmir.org)
One of the strategies of the WHO Regional Office to help countries prepare for the next influenza season is accelerating influenza vaccination, especially for high-risk groups - such as pregnant women, children aged 6 months to 5 years, people aged over 65 years, people with chronic medical conditions and health care workers - with WHO country offices assisting vaccination programmes on the ground. (who.int)
As for vaccination, 13 of the Region's countries/territories have a national seasonal influenza vaccination policy in place, and WHO is working with countries so that all may soon have one. (who.int)
Objective: To evaluate the associations between influenza vaccination and other factors and the risk of mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. (elsevier.es)
Information on influenza vaccination was extracted from electronic medical records. (elsevier.es)
We used a multivariate logistic regression to explore the association between influenza vaccination and mortality from COVID and other risk factors. (elsevier.es)
The influenza vaccination campaign began in week 45 (first week of November). (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
Based on the ongoing pandemic and the expected increased demand for influenza vaccination, the Public Health Agency and the County Medical Officers decided that risk groups and healthcare workers would be prioritized for influenza vaccination during November. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
As seen during the past influenza pandemics, the most effective mitigation measure is vaccination. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the use of vaccination at the early critical stages of an influenza pandemic has major challenges due to our inability to accurately predict the nature of the virus strain. (biomedcentral.com)

Influenza A viruses can occasionally be transmitted from wild birds to other species, causing outbreaks in domestic poultry, and may give rise to human influenza pandemics. (wikipedia.org)
The propagation of influenza viruses throughout the world is thought in part to be by bird migrations, though commercial shipments of live bird products might also be implicated, as well as human travel patterns. (wikipedia.org)
Now we know that it is caused by an RNA virus of the family Orthomyxoviridae (the influenza viruses). (wikipedia.org)
Influenza viruses cause mild to severe illness, whereas COVID-19 has caused serious illness in many, resulting in more than 500,000 deaths in the U.S. alone. (health.mil)
Influenza viruses circulate around the world every year. (cambridge.org)
With components from flu viruses known to affect pigs, birds and humans, it rapidly spread across the world to become pandemic. (nih.gov)
Of the 22 countries and territories in the Region, 21 have a functional influenza surveillance system, national influenza centre and laboratories, and several countries have the capacity to conduct genomic surveillance - which allows the detailed study of the virus and its mutations - since influenza viruses change not only from season to season but sometimes during the same season. (who.int)
This year's annual flu shot will offer protection against three or four of the influenza viruses expected to be in circulation this flu season. (mayoclinic.org)
The first wave of that infection was in July, when influenza viruses generally don't transmit well because of higher temperatures and because people generally spend more time outdoors. (nbcnews.com)
Though influenza viruses spread most efficiently in cool, dry environments, the 1918 flu thrived in the tropics because of dense populations. (globalbiodefense.com)
Some viruses are highly contagious, like measles, while other viruses do not spread as easily. (gbtribune.com)
In total, 11 viruses were genetically characterised by whole genome sequencing, of which s ix were influenza A(H3N2) and five were B/Victoria. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
And so, in regards to your question about the conditions, in general so, for other respiratory viruses it is believed that being in that close space is generally worse than being outside in terms of spread. (cdc.gov)
And so I know from other respiratory viruses, such like influenza, it is believed that there is more transmission in the winter rather than in the spring or summer because people tend to spend much more time indoors during winter but not because the weather itself has a direct effect. (cdc.gov)
Currently there are many influenza viruses circulating in different parts of the world with the potential to mutate into highly pathogenic forms for which there is no immunity in the current human population. (biomedcentral.com)
When novel influenza A viruses are identified in people , public health actions focus on targeted monitoring and investigation. (cdc.gov)

Experiences from previous influenza pandemics, in particular the 2009-10 pandemic, have demonstrated that we cannot expect to contain geographically the next influenza pandemic in the location it emerges, nor can we expect to prevent international spread of infection for more than a short period. (cdc.gov)
Frederick noted that healthcare workers in any hospital setting are considered to be at high risk of becoming infected with influenza and passing the infection to others, a similar concern with the COVID-19 virus. (health.mil)
According to the CDC, COVID-19 and influenza are both contagious respiratory illnesses, albeit each caused by infection from a different virus. (health.mil)
We conducted a systematic review [ Reference Moher 6 ] to investigate the evidence supporting the effectiveness of face masks in reducing influenza virus infection under controlled and natural conditions. (cambridge.org)
[ 10 ] For high-risk individuals, these recommendations remain to avoid infection from COVID-19 and other infections (eg, RSV, influenza). (medscape.com)
Influenza is a respiratory infection that can cause serious complications, particularly in young children, older adults and people with certain medical conditions. (mayoclinic.org)
Social distancing is a set of nonpharmaceutical infection control actions intended to stop or slow down the spread of a contagious disease . (kiddle.co)
The objective of social distancing is to reduce the probability of contact between persons carrying an infection, and others who are not infected, so as to minimize disease transmission, morbidity and ultimately, mortality . (kiddle.co)
Social distancing may be less effective in cases where the infection is transmitted primarily via contaminated water or food or by vectors such as mosquitoes or other insects, and less frequently from person to person. (kiddle.co)
The mask recommendations have been derived from the fact that the airborne nature of the spread is more apparent now, especially when we realized that these droplets or aerosols were being spewed out by individuals who were minimally symptomatic or not symptomatic at all, but had the infection. (news-medical.net)
Information on the effectiveness of facemasks and respirators for decreasing the risk of influenza infection in community settings is extremely limited. (cityofcordova.net)
The case of Diamond Princess cruise, however, shows how close quarters can cause the infection to spread rapidly. (internetvibes.net)
The objectives of the WHO global influenza preparedness plan are to reduce opportunities for human infection, strengthen the early warning system to early detect emergence of a pandemic virus and contain or delay spread at the source. (who.int)
Rates of absenteeism caused by confirmed influenza infection in the 54 elementary schools in Joetsu City were well correlated with national reports of influenza-like illness by 5,000 sentinel physicians, who reported 322, 205, 226, and 142 cumulative cases of infection per sentinel in each season ( Technical Appendix ). (cdc.gov)
When pandemic influenza has subsided, public health actions include continued monitoring of pandemic influenza A virus activity and preparing for potential additional waves of infection. (cdc.gov)
This is approaching the highest rate of infection that we have seen so far during the pandemic. (bvs.br)
That's an infection that's spreading rapidly in many parts of the world all at once. (msdmanuals.com)
Influenza (Flu) Influenza, often called the flu, is a viral infection that affects your lungs and airways. (msdmanuals.com)

But only thing Sloane said you didn't see happening in 1918: physical distancing. (abc7.com)

Public health and social measures, such as mask wearing, hand sanitization and social distancing, not only hindered the wider spread of COVID-19, but also greatly curbed the transmission of influenza. (who.int)
This systematic review assesses the effects of school closures on the transmission of influenza, including data from the recent 2009 pandemic as well as from previous pandemics and seasonal outbreaks. (bmj.com)
We have reviewed an extensive body of the literature on the effects of school closure on the incidence and transmission of influenza. (bmj.com)
Because children are a major factor in the transmission of influenza within communities and among households, school closure may be a valuable social distancing method ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)

The Scientific Pandemic Influenza Group on Modelling agreed on Monday that, while the severity of measures could alternate during the period, "stricter" measures would need to be enforced for at least half of the year in order to keep cases at a level the NHS can cope with. (thecanary.co)
Susan Michie has been appointed to the Scientific Pandemic Influenza Group on Behavioural Science to support the Cabinet Office Briefing Room. (psy.it)

1918 influenza pandemic is the fountainhead virus which gave a background to the major global pandemic which had taken the lives of millions of people worldwide", said Prof. Siddarth Candra. (ugm.ac.id)
Now a century later the world is amidst another global pandemic caused by a zoonotic disease that "jumped" from wildlife to people, a novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2. (globalbiodefense.com)
In 1918 a strain of influenza known as the Spanish flu caused a global pandemic. (majorprojects.net)

The Translational Genomics Research Institute on April 8 announced the formation of the Arizona COVID-19 Genomics Union, dedicated to understanding the evolution and spread of the novel coronavirus that causes the respiratory disease. (azbigmedia.com)
We can all do our part to prevent respiratory illness from spreading our communities. (samaritanmedicalcare.com)
A voluntary network of laboratories that submit test data to the CDC will provide valuable information as another early indicator of spread, along with other respiratory diseases (eg, influenza, RSV). (medscape.com)
COVID-19 is thought to spread mainly through close contact from person-to-person in respiratory droplets from someone who is infected. (gbtribune.com)
It is spread by respiratory droplets and aerosols, not food and incidental contact. (acmionline.com)

These measures have played a role in mitigating previous pandemics, including the 1918-19 pandemic ( 6 , 7 ), and are a key part of current pandemic preparedness plans ( 8 , 9 ). (cdc.gov)
We, like you, have many more questions about these events but the answers are buried in an archives that is closed during this current pandemic. (si.edu)
For even more data on our current pandemic, see Tomas Pueyo's extensive Medium essay compiling data and statistics on COVID-19's spread and prevention . (openculture.com)
Thus, it is concluded that social distancing measures promoted by the Brazilian public managers contributes to the reduction in approximately ten thousand deaths related to COVID-19 in the current pandemic scenario. (bvsalud.org)

At the population level, these can include border controls to delay cross-border transmission, and social distancing measures such as school or workplace closures. (cambridge.org)
A new study found that mandatory school closures and other social distancing measures reduced influenza transmission rates in Mexico during the 2009 pandemic. (nih.gov)
Significantly, the 18-day period of mandatory school closures and other social distancing measures were associated with a 29% to 37% reduction in influenza transmission rates. (nih.gov)
While participation in activities decreased during the students' infectious periods and during school closures, social contact was common during periods when isolation was advised and during school closures. (who.int)
12 In this study we collected empirical data to quantify social interactions of students and to describe changes in activity participation and social contacts following symptom onset and during school closures to inform future pandemic influenza policy and infectious disease transmission models assumptions. (who.int)
The rationale for considering school closures as a frontline intervention is that children and young adults are thought to be the most susceptible to any influenza virus due to their high contact rates within school clusters and limited (or no) immunity to a circulating virus strain when compared to adults. (biomedcentral.com)
Objective To review the effects of school closures on pandemic and seasonal influenza outbreaks. (bmj.com)
Conclusions School closures appear to have the potential to reduce influenza transmission, but the heterogeneity in the data available means that the optimum strategy (eg, the ideal length and timing of closure) remains unclear. (bmj.com)
The WHO does not specifically recommend or discourage school closures during an influenza pandemic, as their potential benefits and harms may be context-specific, 1 but has suggested that they be considered as part of a mitigation strategy. (bmj.com)
A review of the evidence available before the 2009 pandemic concluded that school closures may be beneficial, depending on characteristics including age-specific attack rates. (bmj.com)
4 Here, we review epidemiological studies to assess the effects of school closures on transmission and incidence of seasonal and pandemic influenza, updating and extending previous reviews 2 , 4 to include data from the 2009 pandemic. (bmj.com)
Using empirical data on absentee rates of elementary school students in Japan, we developed a simple and practical algorithm for determining the optimal timing of school closures for control of influenza outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
Japan has a unique system of monitoring school absenteeism and of instituting school closures during influenza outbreaks. (cdc.gov)

According to the Centers for Disease Control and prevention, "COVID-19 is a new disease and we are still learning about how it spreads and the severity of illness it causes. (gbtribune.com)

It is estimated that the next influenza pandemic is likely to result in between 2 and 7.4 million deaths worldwide, including 150 000-750 000 deaths in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. (who.int)

Furthermore, the 1918 influenza pandemic later became responsible for the 2009 swine flu. (internetvibes.net)

The most recent, the 2009 swine flu pandemic, resulted in under 300,000 deaths and is considered relatively mild. (wikipedia.org)
In a previous influenza pandemic in the 19th century, the majority of deaths occurred 2 years after the initial wave. (nih.gov)
These social distancing tactics had a big effect on how the Spanish flu played out in the city, with research showing that St. Louis ended up with less than half the per-capita flu deaths of Philadelphia. (mymodernmet.com)
In contrast, immediate social distancing in St. Louis resulted in just 1,700 deaths. (nbcnews.com)
According to the Health Museum, "though the influenza pandemic of 1918 caused a very high number of deaths worldwide, other epidemics, including yellow fever outbreaks of the mid-1800s and polio outbreaks in the 1940s and 1950s, caused more devastation in the Greater Houston Area. (click2houston.com)
Armed with knowledge, countries that tested extensively, implemented effective contact tracing and enacted strong national lockdown and social distancing policies have "flattened the curve" of infections and deaths. (globalbiodefense.com)
First found in Europe, the U.S., and Asia in the spring of 1918, that pandemic infected over 500 million people worldwide and led to fifty million deaths. (si.edu)
The design approach obtains the marginal effect of the characteristic parameters of NPIs, social behavior, and their interactions on various pandemic outcome measures including total number of contacts, infections, and deaths. (biomedcentral.com)
The "Spanish" influenza pandemic occurred in 1918-1919 and resulted in an estimated 40-50 million deaths worldwide. (who.int)
the epidemics of "Asian" influenza in 1957 and "Hong Kong" influenza in 1968 together resulted in an estimated 1-4 million deaths. (who.int)
COVID-19-related deaths in Brazil were analyzed during the period of social distancing measures. (bvsalud.org)
Thus, this research analyzed whether social distance had an influence on the outcome of expected deaths related to COVID-19. (bvsalud.org)
The non-pharmacological intervention of social distance is effective as a public health measure with individual, environmental and community reach, promoting the isolation of cases, reduction of contact between individuals and reduction in the number of deaths related to COVID-19. (bvsalud.org)
Over the past few days we have seen some of the highest numbers of deaths recorded at any point in the pandemic. (bvsalud.org)

Flu spreads around the world in seasonal epidemics. (wikipedia.org)
Often, these new strains result from the spread of an existing flu virus to humans from other animal species, so close proximity between humans and animals can promote epidemics. (wikipedia.org)
Every fall and winter the United States experiences epidemics of seasonal influenza (flu). (cdc.gov)

Our objective was to review the evidence base for social distancing measures, focusing on the evidence supporting the effectiveness of these measures in reducing influenza transmission in the community. (cdc.gov)

In addition, epidemiological factors, such as the WWI practice of packing soldiers with severe influenza illness into field hospitals while soldiers with mild illness stayed outside on the battlefield, are an important determinant of whether or not a new strain of influenza virus will spur a pandemic. (wikipedia.org)
During the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, this practice served to promote the evolution of more virulent viral strains over those that produced mild illness. (wikipedia.org)
There is some evidence to support the wearing of masks or respirators during illness to protect others, and public health emphasis on mask wearing during illness may help to reduce influenza virus transmission. (cambridge.org)
In fact, restrictions on travel are some of the first steps that some governments have taken while the case of the Diamond Princess cruise shows how close quarters can cause the illness to spread quickly. (mymodernmet.com)
In the past century, the world has witnessed three pandemics of influenza that started without warning and caused illness in more than 25% of the world's population. (who.int)
Four-year surveillance of influenza-related absentee rates in 54 elementary schools in Joetsu City and national surveillance of influenza-like illness (ILI) reported by sentinel physicians in Japan. (cdc.gov)
These actions combined can reduce the spread of the disease, and prevent illness or death. (cdc.gov)
An influenza pandemic is declared ended when enough data shows that the influenza virus, worldwide, is similar to a seasonal influenza virus in how it spreads and the severity of the illness it can cause. (cdc.gov)

There is a continuing threat of a future novel influenza pandemic having high morbidity (in terms of hospitalization) and mortality (in terms of case fatality) rates. (biomedcentral.com)
There were also influenza pandemics that were moderate in terms of mortality in 1957 and 1968 [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The high rates of morbidity and mortality during influenza pandemics have resulted in social, economic and political disruption throughout the world. (who.int)

One strain of virus that may produce a pandemic in the future is a highly pathogenic variation of the H5N1 subtype of influenza A virus. (wikipedia.org)
The most notorious ones being the avian influenza or bird flu, H5N1 and H7N9. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, improved pandemic guidelines are especially required for future highly pathogenic pandemics, such as may occur if a human transmissible H5N1 virus emerges. (biomedcentral.com)
Experts believe that the increasing outbreaks of influenza A (H5N1) among poultry and humans have moved the world closer to a pandemic than any time since 1968. (who.int)

Social distancing measures are essential components of the public health response to influenza pandemics. (cdc.gov)
More drastic social distancing measures might be reserved for severe pandemics. (cdc.gov)
Social distancing measures aim to reduce the frequency of contact and increase physical distance between persons, thereby reducing the risks of person-to-person transmission. (cdc.gov)
As a result, today, we are using the same measures to prevent the spread of the disease as people took in 1918 to prevent the spread of influenza. (ugm.ac.id)
The measures include paying close attention to personal hygiene, social distancing, and avoiding travel and large gatherings. (ugm.ac.id)
The results suggest that similar measures could be useful for fighting future influenza pandemics. (nih.gov)
Social distancing measures can be implemented during unusual infectious diseases outbreaks. (nih.gov)
The results suggest that school closure and other measures could help to mitigate future influenza pandemics. (nih.gov)
With the gradual lifting of COVID-19 preventative measures by governments in many countries, and the waning population immunity over the past 2 years due to the substantially lower spread of influenza, the 2022-2023 influenza season is likely to be more challenging than previous years. (who.int)
It's time for all sectors to implement social distancing measures that are in their control. (bangordailynews.com)
Many countries, including Australia, implemented measures that were aimed at reducing the spread of COVID-19, including restrictions on human movement, improved hygiene, and social distancing (henceforth referred to as physical distancing) to reduce human contact. (frontiersin.org)
With today's response protocols in place, countries including Germany , Singapore and South Korea were able to rapidly enact measures to prevent contagion by enforcing lockdowns, shelter-in-place rules and social distancing orders. (globalbiodefense.com)
This study demonstrates the potential central role of young people in pandemic disease transmission given the level of non-adherence to prevention and control measures. (who.int)
Social distancing measures will need to be in place for most of a year at least in order to control the spread of Covid-19, scientists advising the government have agreed. (thecanary.co)
It was agreed that a policy of alternating between periods of more and less strict social distancing measures could plausibly be effective at keeping the number of critical care cases within capacity. (thecanary.co)
Under such a policy, at least half of the year would be spent under the stricter social distancing measures. (thecanary.co)
What's happening, explained Stanford infectious-disease doctor Dean Winslow, MD, is that case counts are leveling off in certain parts of the country, particularly in places that put social-distancing control measures in place early like the Northeast. (popsugar.com)
Many psychologists are signing an open letter calling on the government to share their evidence for the concept of 'behavioural fatigue' around social distancing measures. (psy.it)
Additional social distancing measures are currently not recommended. (medscape.com)

There is not a contraindication to receiving a COVID and Influenza vaccine at the same time per DHA guidance. (health.mil)
The available evidence does not show increased adverse effects due to receiving the influenza vaccine at the same time as the COVID-19 vaccine, nor does co-administration result in any change to the body's immunity response. (who.int)

These novel strains are unaffected by any immunity people may have to older strains of human influenza and can therefore spread extremely rapidly and infect very large numbers of people. (wikipedia.org)

This study was conducted to describe changes in social contacts among the earliest confirmed student cases of pH1N1 in Melbourne, Australia, to inform future pandemic control policy and explore transmission model assumptions. (who.int)

We also know that social distancing can help prevent the rapid spread of COVID-19, and thus we have soon implemented these social-distancing practices. (ugm.ac.id)
HOUSTON - Hour by hour, the City of Houston is working around the clock, hoping to flatten the curve and avoid a rapid spread of COVID-19. (click2houston.com)

Vaccines are not expected to be available during the early stage of the next pandemic ( 1 ), and stockpiles of antiviral drugs will be limited, mostly reserved for treating more severe illnesses and for patients at higher risk for influenza complications. (cdc.gov)
Influenza vaccines stimulate discussions both in the real world and online. (jmir.org)
A potent influenza pandemic emergency crisis would likely last much longer than most other emergency events, and the resources needed to address the crisis such as supplies of vaccines, antiviral drugs, healthcare providers, hospital beds and medical supplies would be limited. (biomedcentral.com)
Measure for response to COVID-19 may require broader-scale social distancing to allow the time essential for healthcare facilities to treat current cases and increase capacity, and, in the longer term, for vaccines and treatments to be developed. (medicalbag.com)
This is a very dangerous time in the course to the pandemic and I do not want to see people become complacent as vaccines are starting to roll out. (bvsalud.org)
It has held COVID-19 at bay for so long but with rising infections, understandable fatigue with social restrictions, low levels of immunity among the population and a fragile health system it's vital that it receives more vaccines as soon as possible. (bvs.br)

If harnessed effectively, NPIs offer a significant potential for mitigation of pandemic influenza outbreaks. (biomedcentral.com)
The 2009 influenza pandemic may cause public health authorities to review their pandemic mitigation guidelines in the light of the limited success in containing and controlling the pandemic. (biomedcentral.com)

Among those intervention strategies, school closure is commonly suggested as a key intervention strategy to slow down the spread of a pandemic within a community, particularly at the early stages of its advancement. (biomedcentral.com)
Influenza incidence frequently declined after school closure. (bmj.com)
The available data suggest that school closure can be a useful intervention during influenza outbreaks, with the greatest benefits occurring among school-aged children. (bmj.com)
Guidelines available to school administrators to support school closure decisions during influenza outbreaks are usually not evidence-based. (cdc.gov)

The risk for deadly infectious diseases with pandemic potential, such as SARS, is increasing worldwide, as is the risk for resurgence of long-standing infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, and for acts of biological terrorism. (cdc.gov)

As the short VOA News video above explains, during the spread of the disease, city officials in St. Louis did what cities all over the country are doing now: shut down schools, playgrounds, libraries, churches, public offices, and parks and banned gatherings of over 20 people. (openculture.com)
However we might feel in ordinary circumstances about governments banning public gatherings, the global spread of a deadly virus seems to warrant a coordinated public response that best contains the spread. (openculture.com)
That is why outdoor gatherings carry a lower risk of spread. (news-medical.net)
The governments of the world are encouraging proper hygiene and canceling social gatherings to stop corona spread. (internetvibes.net)
Persons with underlying medical conditions who are at high risk for complications of influenza should consider avoiding large gatherings. (medscape.com)

You have any severity should receive any license influenza vaccine appropriate for their agent health status. (cdc.gov)
These findings highlight variation in pandemic influenza incidence and severity among age groups. (nih.gov)
It is possible that a 2nd pandemic wave could have higher severity than the initial wave. (cdc.gov)
CDC uses two tools (the Influenza Risk Assessment Tool and the Pandemic Severity Assessment Framework ) to evaluate the pandemic risk that a new influenza A virus can pose. (cdc.gov)

Influenza virus infections are believed to spread mostly by close contact in the community. (cdc.gov)
Influenza virus infections are believed to spread mainly through close contact in the community (e.g., homes, workplaces, preschool and day care centers, schools, public places), and more frequent and intense contact among children has a particularly major role in transmission ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
This starts with the virus mostly infecting animals, with a few cases where animals infect people, then moves through the stage where the virus begins to spread directly between people, and ends with a pandemic when infections from the new virus have spread worldwide. (wikipedia.org)
Further studies in controlled settings and studies of natural infections in healthcare and community settings are required to better define the effectiveness of face masks and respirators in preventing influenza virus transmission. (cambridge.org)
Spreading the infections over a longer time frame allows healthcare services to better manage the volume of patients. (kiddle.co)
By the time Egyptian health authorities learned about the coronavirus case on the Nile cruise ship, the infections had spread around the world. (papergreat.com)

00:00:42.300 COCA CDC (Moderator): I like to welcome you to today's cocoa call 2022 2021 influenza vaccine recommendations and clinical guidance during the covert 19 pandemic. (cdc.gov)

In fact, as Italy puts its population of 60 million on lockdown , they are attempting to force social distancing in an effort to keep COVID-19 from spreading. (mymodernmet.com)
Among the measure taken by Italy to combat the disease was social distancing and lockdown. (internetvibes.net)

The most important reason to be optimistic about the global experience with COVID-19 is that we have much better technology preparation to confront a viral pandemic today than we were in 1918. (ugm.ac.id)

Influenza pandemics occurred in 1918, 1957 and 1968. (who.int)

Chronic medical conditions also can increase your risk of influenza complications. (mayoclinic.org)

We evaluated the optimal influenza-related absentee rate for predicting outbreaks of influenza. (cdc.gov)

Learn more about the deadly 1918 flu pandemic, also known as the Spanish flu. (mymodernmet.com)
Nearly 100 years ago in 1918, the world dealt with the pandemic influenza, known as the "Spanish flu. (click2houston.com)

The regional strategy on pandemic influenza preparedness and response aims to complement the global preparedness plan through enhancing the capacity of countries to pre-empt an influenza pandemic , as well as to mitigate the negative effects of a full-blown pandemic. (who.int)
Please refer to the "Updated Preparedness and Response Framework for Influenza Pandemics" for more information about the Pandemic Intervals Framework and how it guides federal, state, and local public health actions. (cdc.gov)

This is not thought to be the main way the virus spreads, but we are still learning more about this virus. (gbtribune.com)
How easily a virus spreads from person-to-person can vary. (gbtribune.com)
The virus spreads most easily in close, indoor spaces. (popsugar.com)

Only 29 sporadic cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza were reported in Sweden. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)

One stockpile consists of two million adult therapeutic courses in order to promote the establishment of regional stockpiles for use in the developing countries that are most likely to be affected by avian influenza in humans and that are unable to afford oseltamivir. (who.int)

They used influenza surveillance data covering 40% of the population that was compiled by a large private health system, the Mexican Institute for Social Security. (nih.gov)
Virus characterisation is normally performed on a selection of the influenza-positive samples from the sentinel surveillance programme and from laboratories. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
It focuses on strengthening and building related capacities for epidemiological and laboratory surveillance of influenza both in animals and humans. (who.int)
Based on elementary school daily influenza-related absentee surveillance, the most intense influenza seasons were 2005 and 2007 ( Figure 1 ). (cdc.gov)

Most influenza strains can be inactivated easily by disinfectants and detergents. (wikipedia.org)
From time to time new strains emerge and cause global pandemics. (cambridge.org)
A 2007 study of the Spanish flu found that while the influenza itself was not any more deadly than previous strains, environmental factors made it more deadly. (mymodernmet.com)
SARS-CoV-2 is very contagious, but not as contagious as Measles, Mumps, or even certain strains of pandemic Influenza. (acmionline.com)

It begins to spread rapidly in these closed, dense spaces that soldiers are in, and it begins to kill people pretty quickly. (abc7.com)
The 1918 Spanish flu came in three waves: the first in March, which didn't spread that rapidly. (abc7.com)
Major Projects Group acknowledges the status of this Worldwide Health Pandemic and its rapidly changing nature across Australia. (majorprojects.net)

Not only with the controversy regarding the wearing of masks and the closure of churches, but in the community's response to the pandemic as well. (abc7.com)

Organisms10

Diseases3

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Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Psychiatry and Psychology7

Phenomena and Processes1

Humanities1

Information Science1

Health Care6

H1N129

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202010

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