Spread of antibiotic resistance genes gene transfer horizontal. Medical search. Frequent questions

Horizontal transfer of genetic elements from non-pathogenic commensals to unrelated species results in highly virulent pathogens that can carry multiple antibiotic resistance genes. (wikipedia.org)
High similarities of the results indicate rapid spread of carbapenem resistance between strains, including globally disseminated pathogens. (cdc.gov)
These pathogens have recently been shown to have acquired resistance to carbapenems, and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identified carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae as of the 3 most urgent MDR threats ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Among globally disseminated pathogens, HGT facilitates combination of the most effective antibiotic resistance genes from diverse geographies into multidrug resistance plasmids that spread between strains. (cdc.gov)
Infections with antibiotic-resistant pathogens can cause empiric treatment failure, and for infections with multidrug-resistant bacteria which can overcome antibiotics of "last resort" there exists no alternative treatments. (cdc.gov)
Pathogens can persist on hospital surfaces and plumbing for months to years, acquire new antibiotic resistance genes by horizontal gene transfer, and initiate outbreaks of hospital-associated infections by spreading to patients via healthcare workers and visitors. (cdc.gov)
Second, we would like to understand how pathogens are spreading, in particular in the region of Eastern Europe. (brc.hu)
The traditional metagenomic screening approach for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) relies on laboratory strains of Escherichia coli as bacterial hosts, leaving us blind to ARGs that provide resistance specifically in clinically relevant pathogens. (brc.hu)
Once they are present in rivers, antibiotic resistance genes are capable of being transferred among bacteria, including pathogens, through horizontal gene transfer. (sciencedaily.com)
The gastrointestinal tract is replete with bacteria and provides an environment for plasmid transfer between commensals and pathogens. (nih.gov)
While some ARGs are naturally occurring in microbial communities, antibiotics, ARGs and antibiotic resistant pathogens are on the rise in water sources as a result of the overuse of antibiotics in general. (tpomag.com)
To further complicate the issue, ARGs are easily transferred through horizontal gene transfer, increasing the risk for antibiotic resistant pathogens. (tpomag.com)
Many globally successful strains of pathogens have been able to become widely disseminated as a result of resistance genes acquired on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) (1) . (resistancecontrol.info)
The results could prove invaluable to developing new strategies to understand and fight disease or to stop the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. (duke.edu)
This process is one of the primary methods pathogens use to spread resistance to antibiotics, and stopping it from happening could be a key step toward fighting the creation and proliferation of "superbugs. (duke.edu)
Indeed, experts view the promotion of antibiotic resistant bacteria as "by far the greatest human health risk" posed by the presence of pharmaceutical residues in the environment and note that, in addition to fostering the spread of resistant pathogens, antibiotic residues can also turn harmless environmental bacteria into carriers of resistance. (desdaughter.com)
This in turn would help to better understand the development of resistance in pathogens and to prepare surveillance and control measures to reduce their dissemination. (biomedcentral.com)

The prevalence of the integron has shaped bacterial evolution by allowing rapid transfer of genes that are novel to an organism, such as antibiotic resistance genes. (wikipedia.org)
Gene cassettes containing antibiotic resistance genes, or other virulence factors such as exotoxins, can be transferred from cell to cell via phage, transduction, taken up from the environment, transformation, or by bacterial conjugation. (wikipedia.org)
The treatment of pathogenic E. coli infections is becoming complicated because of the rapid emergence and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant strains, which may consequently result in an increasing number of clinical treatment failures in bacterial-mediated diseases and further threaten public health with the possibility of transmission to humans through aerosols, environmental contact or other methods [ 2 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Advancements in next-generation sequencing of bacterial genomes and metagenomes have expanded our ability to (1) identify species and track distinct strains, (2) comprehensively profile antibiotic resistance genes, and (3) resolve the mobile elements that facilitate intra- and intercellular gene transfer. (cdc.gov)
The presence of antibiotics, even at sub-inhibitory concentrations, can stimulate bacterial metabolism and thus contribute to the selection and maintenance of antibiotic resistance genes," Pruden explains. (sciencedaily.com)
That's less than the estimated average number of genes acquired via HGT over time by a small bacterial genome of, say, 1,200 genes! (asmblog.org)
It can also facilitate the conjugative transfer of multidrug resistance (MDR) plasmids between commensal and pathogenic bacteria which is a significant public and animal health concern as it may affect our ability to treat bacterial infections. (nih.gov)
Our chemostat system provides a good representation of bacterial interactions, including antibiotic resistance transfer in vivo It can be used as an ethical and relatively inexpensive approach to model dissemination of antibiotic resistance within the gut of any animal or human and refine interventions that mitigate its spread before employing in vivo studies. (nih.gov)
IMPORTANCE The spread of antimicrobial resistance presents a grave threat to public health and animal health and is affecting our ability to respond to bacterial infections. (nih.gov)
Here we use the chicken gut microbiota as an exemplar to model the effects of bacterial infection, antibiotic administration, and plasmid transfer. (nih.gov)
Transfer of a plasmid (green loop) between two bacterial cells through the process of conjugation. (asm.org)
Thus, the researchers hypothesized that P3 may be transferred from S. Typhimurium to diverse bacterial species in the mammalian gut environment, potentially spreading antibiotic resistance genes as it goes. (asm.org)
Overall, our results show that natural transformation allows eARGs to spread and persist in antibiotic-free soils and that the biological activity of eDNA after bacterial death makes environmental eARGs a public health concern. (msu.edu)
We must act fast before we enter a so called 'post-antibiotic world' where bacterial infections become impossible to treat. (tpomag.com)
Methods of DNA transfer between organisms include transformation by naked DNA, viral transduction, and bacterial conjugation. (helpmyessay.com)
The efficiency of transformation by naked DNA and gene transfer between bacteria vial bacterial conjugation can be examined upon exposure to various levels of triclosan. (helpmyessay.com)
Mechanisms of bacterial biocide and antibiotic resistance . (helpmyessay.com)
One of the factors that heavily contributes to the problem is how rapidly novel and existing resistance determinants move among bacterial hosts. (resistancecontrol.info)
This rapid spread is in part due to the extensive movement of people, goods and animals for example, all of which allow for the interaction between different bacterial strains and their MGEs, resulting in a globalized gene pool (2) . (resistancecontrol.info)
Resistance against β-lactam agents can occur via (i) mutation or expression of alternative penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) as the drug target, (ii) downregulation of porins to reduce the bacterial permeability against β-lactams, (iii) over-expression of efflux systems which are membrane transport proteins to export drug substrates and (iv) production of β-lactamases that hydrolyze the β-lactam amide [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Genomic DNA is essential to human development, inheritance, and gene regulation while plasmid DNA - while not found naturally within humans - may play an essential role in antibiotic resistance as well as genetic engineering and bacterial adaptation. (keydifference.info)
Plasmids play a significant role in bacterial adaptation and evolution by allowing for horizontal gene transfer between bacteria. (theinternet.io)
Over time, these elements may have accumulated additional advantageous genes, which increased their persistence in bacterial populations. (theinternet.io)
This process allows for the rapid spread of beneficial genes, such as antibiotic resistance, among bacterial populations and contributes to the overall genetic diversity of plasmids. (theinternet.io)
4. Selection: Plasmids that confer advantageous traits to their host bacteria are more likely to persist and spread within bacterial populations. (theinternet.io)
This selective pressure can lead to the rapid fixation of beneficial plasmid-encoded genes in bacterial communities. (theinternet.io)
The increased bacterial antibiotic resistance stems from the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the transfer of resistance genes. (vscht.cz)
Some of the most clinically relevant resistance genes, such those encoding carbapenemases (ß-lactamase enzymes able to degrade carbapenem antibiotics), are carried on conjugative plasmids that spread across high-risk bacterial clones 5 , 6 . (nature.com)
The use of antibiotics in intensive livestock farming promotes the development of resistant bacterial strains and the environment plays not only an important role in the spread of those, but also wildlife organisms and ecosystem services are at risk. (desdaughter.com)

Plasmids can be transferred through direct physical contact between bacteria in a process known as conjugation, which helps bacteria share their antibiotic resistance genes with their neighbors. (asm.org)
Inhibition of plasmid transfer, including transformation and conjugation, is essential to prevent the spread of plasmid -encoded antimicrobial resistance. (bvsalud.org)
The inhibition of pRP4 conjugation was associated with the generation of extracellular free radicals , induced oxidative stress , suppression of the mating pair formation gene (trbBp) and DNA transfer and replication gene (trfAp), and enhanced expression of the global regulatory genes (korA, korB, and trbA). (bvsalud.org)
In addition, many plasmids can transfer from one bacterium to another, the most sophisticated mechanism being by conjugation in which the plasmid carries genes that can create a bridge between bacteria through which a copy of the plasmid can move (Fig 1a). (resistancecontrol.info)
A visual representation of horizontal gene transfer by conjugation is shown. (uaf.edu)
We can observe the plasmid bearing bacteria (green) extend it's pilus, attach to the plasmid lacking bacteria (orange) and pull the cell in to perform the conjugation plasmid transfer. (uaf.edu)
3. Horizontal gene transfer: Plasmids can be transferred between bacteria through conjugation, transformation, or transduction. (theinternet.io)
Plasmids are extra-chromosomal mobile genetic elements able to transfer between bacteria through conjugation 1 . (nature.com)
Genes responsible for antibiotic resistance in one species of bacteria can be transferred to another species of bacteria through various mechanisms of HGT such as transformation, transduction and conjugation, subsequently arming the antibiotic resistant genes' recipient against antibiotics. (mostdiscussed.com)
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, molecular typing, characterization of ESBL-encoding genes and the genetic environment, conjugation experiments and plasmid analysis were carried out. (who.int)

Antibiotic resistance genes can also spread through clonal expansion in successful pathogenic strains, for example, KPC in K. pneumoniae sequence type (ST) 258 ( 11 ), and the extended-spectrum β-lactamase CTX-M-15 in E. coli ST131 ( 12 ). (cdc.gov)
In all the samples, 50 E. coli strains were isolated and then assigned to serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility test, detection of antimicrobial resistance genes and the Class 1 integrons, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). (hindawi.com)
Transfer occurred to seven E. coli sequence types at high rates, even in the absence of cefotaxime, with resistant strains isolated within 3 days. (nih.gov)
Indeed, a recent study using another broad host range resistance plasmid showed that it can have a wide range of effects across different recipient strains, with some gaining a fitness benefit by maintaining the plasmid. (asm.org)
Homologous recombination is also used in horizontal gene transfer to exchange genetic material between different strains and species of bacteria and viruses. (oldfield.info)
Twenty ESBL producing strains (15%) including Escherichia coli (n = 9), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 7), Klebsiella oxytoca (n = 2) and Enterobacter aerogenes (n = 2) were detected and further analyzed for their resistance transfer features, plasmid profile and nature of the resistance genes. (scielo.br)
It is, thus, plausible that hospital wastewaters could provide opportunities to find novel carbapenemases and other resistance genes not yet described in clinical strains. (biomedcentral.com)

Through this approach, we identified several previously unreported ARGs with species-specific effects on antibiotic susceptibility. (brc.hu)
Although QACs may play an important role in the propagation of antibiotic resistance gene (ARGs), the potential contribution and mechanism remains unclear. (bvsalud.org)
Here, the results showed that benzyl dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC) and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC) significantly promoted plasmid RP4-mediated ARGs transfer within and across genera at environmental relevant concentrations (0.0004-0.4 mg/L). Low concentrations of QACs did not contribute to the permeability of the cell plasma membrane, but significantly increased the permeability of the cell outer membrane due to the decrease in content of lipopolysaccharides. (bvsalud.org)
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) pose a serious risk to human and veterinary health. (msu.edu)
While many studies focus on the movement of live antibiotic-resistant bacteria to the environment, it is unclear whether extracellular ARGs (eARGs) from dead cells can transfer to live bacteria to facilitate the evolution of antibiotic resistance in nature. (msu.edu)
Agricultural soils can contain upwards of 10(9) ARGs g(-1) soil, which may facilitate the movement of eARGs from dead to live bacteria through a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer called natural transformation. (msu.edu)
New and emerging contaminants like antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) pose a potential hazard to public safety and water security. (tpomag.com)
Among adverse health implications that could emerge from the spread of ARGs through the water system is an increase in development of antibiotic-resistant super bugs, which we do not currently have medicine to treat. (tpomag.com)
Smith says when this water is introduced into an aquifer - where ARGs are already naturally occurring - it can become contaminated with ARGs and antibiotic resistant bacteria. (tpomag.com)
Despite the gravity of the AR problem, in the wastewater sector, methodological biases have been the sole limiting factor on adequately monitoring the emission, fate, and possible amplification or removal of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) across WWTPs. (vscht.cz)

In addition, K-2157 harbored two plasmids: one of 113,644 bp (KPC+) and another of 230,602 bp, containing virulence genes, in addition to an integrative and conjugative element (ICE) embedded on its chromosome, revealing that the presence of these mobile genetic elements mediates the convergence between virulence and antibiotic resistance. (bvsalud.org)
The aims of this research work were to determine the patterns of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from the meat of wild or domestically reared pigeons from Spain, to detect the presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes, and to carry out a phylogenetic classification of the isolates. (mdpi.com)

MDR plasmid transfer from Salmonella to commensal Escherichia coli was demonstrated by PCR and whole-genome sequencing of isolates purified from agar plates containing cefotaxime. (nih.gov)
We show that transfer of a multidrug-resistant plasmid from the zoonotic pathogen Salmonella to commensal Escherichia coli occurs at a high rate, even in the absence of antibiotic administration. (nih.gov)
Plasmids carrying marker genes such as those coding for tetracycline and kanamycin resistance will be introduced into several hosts (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). (helpmyessay.com)
Foram detectadas vinte cepas produtoras de ESBL, entre as quais Escherichia coli (n=9), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=7), Klebsiella oxytoca (n=2) e Enterobacter aerogenes (n=2), que foram posteriormente analisadas quanto a suas características de transferência de resistência, perfil plasmidial e natureza dos genes de resistência. (scielo.br)

We then selected 23 isolates from samples collected in the United States during January 2010-June 2013 from patients in Barnes Jewish Hospital in St. Louis, Missouri, that had similar proportions of β-lactam susceptibility and resistance to the isolates collected in Pakistan for sequencing. (cdc.gov)
Alarmingly, isolates displaying a convergence phenotype of carbapenem resistance and hypervirulence have been detected in several countries, representing a serious threat to public health. (bvsalud.org)
This study's results confirmed an explosion of antibiotic resistance amongst E. coli isolates from UTI against β-lactams and fluoroquinolones. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we determined the fitness effects of the major antibiotic resistance plasmid pOXA-48_K8 in wild-type, ecologically compatible enterobacterial isolates from the human gut microbiota. (nature.com)

The ability of genetic elements like gene cassettes to excise and insert into genomes results in highly similar gene regions appearing in distantly related organisms. (wikipedia.org)
The ability to transfer gene cassettes between organisms has played a large role in the evolution of prokaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
Many commensal organisms, such as E. coli, regularly harbor one or more gene cassettes that convey antibiotic resistance. (wikipedia.org)
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the transfer of genes between unicellular organisms without reproduction. (databasefootball.com)
Despite extensive sanitization protocols, the hospital environment is a potent reservoir and vector of antibiotic-resistant organisms. (cdc.gov)
These genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are designed for many reasons, including: pesticide and disease resistance, drought/frost resistance, increased yields, enhanced nutritional content and as a way to produce drugs or vaccines at low cost on a large scale. (iflscience.com)
However, even when the two organisms in question are in close proximity to each other, such as in a symbiotic or parasitic relationship, the transfer of genetic material and its introduction into a new genome only marks the initial step for successful horizontal gene transfer. (phys.org)
This gene encodes a protein that helps form an external protective coating, the loss of which leads to a lack of cellulose production and has adverse effects on these organisms. (phys.org)
Plasmid DNA plays an integral part in genetic engineering and biotechnology, serving as vectors to introduce specific genes into cells for therapeutic production, gene function research studies, or to create genetically modified organisms (GMOs). (keydifference.info)
Horizontal gene transfer ( HGT ) or lateral gene transfer ( LGT ) is the movement of genetic material between unicellular and/or multicellular organisms other than by the ("vertical") transmission of DNA from parent to offspring (reproduction). (mostdiscussed.com)

In her work outlined in the Environmental Science and Technology article, she and her co-authors, H. Storteboom, M. Arabi and J.G. Davis, all of Colorado State University, and B. Crimi of Delft University in The Netherlands, identified specific patterns of antibiotic resistance gene occurrence in a Colorado watershed. (sciencedaily.com)
They assert that such unique patterns of antibiotic resistance gene occurrence represent promising molecular signatures that may then be used as tracers of specific manmade sources. (sciencedaily.com)

Due to their global dissemination and public health impact, genomic surveillance of the spread of convergent high-risk K1-ST23 K. pneumoniae clones should be highly prioritized. (bvsalud.org)
These findings highlight the potential of visible light -activated photosensitizer for mitigating the dissemination of plasmid -encoded antibiotic resistance genes . (bvsalud.org)
But it was not until techniques like DNA sequencing became commonplace that the extent of the role plasmids play in the dissemination and evolution of resistance traits became clear (7) . (resistancecontrol.info)
Expression of ESBL is often associated with multidrug resistance and dissemination by resistance plasmids. (scielo.br)

It is, for example, the same mechanism that causes the spread of antibiotic resistance. (databasefootball.com)
The acquisition of resistance genes through a mechanism involving mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids and transposons, is considered a major contributor to antimicrobial resistance [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Here, we use eARGs from dead, antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas stutzeri cells to track the movement of eARGs to live P. stutzeri cells via natural transformation, a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer involving the genomic integration of eARGs. (msu.edu)
Active efflux, a common mechanism for biocide and antibiotic resistance . (helpmyessay.com)
The team has revealed the likely mechanism by which this gene ended up being expressed in a functionally important and tissue-specific way. (phys.org)
The production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) is a primary β-lactam resistance mechanism in Gram-negative bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
Horizontal transfer is the primary mechanism for the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. (oldfield.info)
Horizontal gene transfer is the primary mechanism for the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and plays an important role in the evolution of bacteria that can degrade novel compounds such as human-created pesticides and in the evolution, maintenance, and transmission of virulence. (mostdiscussed.com)

This could mean that further proliferation of antibiotic resistance could lead to the end of human's reign as ruler of the planet. (uaf.edu)
The role of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and their microbiomes as putative hotspots for the proliferation of antibiotic resistance has questioned how effective these treatment systems are. (vscht.cz)

Identification of another module involved in the horizontal transfer of the Haemophilus genomic island ICEHin1056. (ox.ac.uk)
A significant part of horizontal gene transfer is facilitated by genomic islands. (ox.ac.uk)
Haemophilus influenzae genomic island ICEHin1056 is an archetype of a genomic island that accounts for pandemic spread of antibiotics resistance. (ox.ac.uk)
Here we show that the module on the 5' extremity of ICEHin1056 consists of 15 genes that are well conserved in a number of related genomic islands. (ox.ac.uk)
Genomic DNA comprises all the genetic material present in an organism's genome - including all genes as well as non-coding regions - while the nucleoid area in prokaryotic cells contains nucleic DNA for non-eukaryotic cells. (keydifference.info)
Contrasting genomic DNA, plasmid DNA functions independently from it to act as its own genetic component - usually providing antibiotic resistance or enzyme production capabilities to its host. (keydifference.info)
Genomic DNA regulates gene expression by activating or inactivating certain genes depending on cell types or developmental stages, providing critical regulation of proper cell functioning and specialization. (keydifference.info)
Genomic DNA contains genes: these include fragments that encode instructions for producing proteins as well as non-coding regions with regulatory functions that comprise it's structure. (keydifference.info)
This leads to accurate detection of both known and previously undescribed resistance genes in genomic and metagenomic sequence data. (biomedcentral.com)

Recombination and transposition have created populations of these plasmids that have related architectures but vary in their composition of antibiotic drug resistance cassettes ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
The World Health Organization's Response to Emerging Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance and a Call for Global Action. (cdc.gov)
Alternative Sample Types for HIV-1 Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Testing. (cdc.gov)
Findings explain the necessity of deep changes in quantity and quality of drug resistance diagnosis and antibiotic therapy strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
We would like to discuss with you the opportunities that the Commission has in the coming months to spearhead action against the global rise of drug resistance, including within the framework of its Proposal for a Regulation on veterinary medicinal products and its upcoming Strategic Approach to Pharmaceuticals in the Environment. (desdaughter.com)
The report also includes a summary on the status of drug resistance for TB, HIV and malaria. (who.int)

Our results showed that farmed minks could be reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli with Class 1 integron cassettes and resistance genes, which were likely to pose a threat to public health. (hindawi.com)
This is important since "new drug discovery can no longer keep pace with emerging antibiotic-resistant infections," Pruden says. (sciencedaily.com)
Once a single bacterium mutates to become resistant to antibiotics, it can transfer that resistance to other bacteria around it through a process known as horizontal gene transfer. (asm.org)
In these cases, antibiotic-resistant cells lurk in the gut tissue or other organs after an infection and migrate back into the gut lumen to cause reinfections after the antibiotic pressure is gone. (asm.org)
When eDNA was increased to 5 mu g g(-1) soil, there was a 5-fold increase in the number of antibiotic-resistant P. stutzeri cells. (msu.edu)
Here, we track the spread of eARGs from dead, antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas stutzeri cells to live antibiotic-susceptible P. stutzeri cells in sterile agricultural soil. (msu.edu)
Since wastewater treatment plants are not generally designed for removal of micropollutants like antibiotics, they tend to persist in treatment systems, leading to high densities of ARG-resistant bacteria at different stages of treatment. (tpomag.com)
Because they are biological contaminants - small fragments of DNA that are released to the environment - bacteria present in receiving environments can uptake them, becoming resistant themselves and further perpetuating the spread of resistance. (tpomag.com)
But, as widespread use of antibiotics evolved, so did the discovery of antibiotic resistant bacteria. (unl.edu)
An example of antibiotic resistance is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , or MRSA, which is a type of bacteria that can cause a skin infection that is difficult to treat. (unl.edu)
Susceptibility of antibiotic -resistant cocci to biocides. (helpmyessay.com)
Introduction of biocides into clinical practice and the impact on antibiotic -resistant bacteria. (helpmyessay.com)
Antibiotic resistant infections have been recognized as a major global health problem that is intensifying due to the lack of concrete novel approaches to fight them. (resistancecontrol.info)
Amongst the favourable traits carried on plasmids, genes conferring antibiotic resistance are of particular concern in the spread of drug-resistant infections (6) . (resistancecontrol.info)
It is a public health issue that the widespread use of antibiotics for the treatment of UTIs has led to the growth of antimicrobial resistant UPECs, which makes it harder to treat, prevent, and manage UTIs. (biomedcentral.com)
Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)
Antimicrobial resistant microorganisms are found in people, animals and the environment and can spread globally. (who.int)

Antibiotic resistance genes spreading to pathogenic bacteria. (i-sis.org.uk)

The role of plasmids, particularly those able to transfer autonomously (conjugative), in the spread of antibiotic resistance was quickly established. (resistancecontrol.info)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells adapted to benzalkonium chloride show resistance to other membrane-active agents but not to clinically relevant antibiotics . (helpmyessay.com)

More generally, the spread of eARGs in antibiotic-free soil suggests that transformation allows genetic variants to establish in the absence of antibiotic selection and that the soil environment plays a critical role in regulating transformation. (msu.edu)

We used an in vitro chemostat system to approximate the chicken cecal microbiota, simulate colonization by an MDR Salmonella pathogen, and examine the dynamics of transfer of its MDR plasmid harboring several genes, including the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase bla CTX-M1 We also evaluated the impact of cefotaxime administration on plasmid transfer and microbial diversity. (nih.gov)
Photosensitizers have been successfully used in the treatment of serious infectious diseases , however, the effects of photosensitizers on the plasmid transfer are still elusive. (bvsalud.org)
Plasmid transfer assays were performed using broth mating techniques. (scielo.br)

Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. (bvsalud.org)

These novel groups of archaea named ARMAN-1, ARMAN-2 ( Candidatus Micrarchaeum acidiphilum ARMAN-2 ), and ARMAN-3 were missed by previous PCR-based surveys of the mine community because the ARMANs have several mismatches with commonly used PCR primers for 16S rRNA genes. (mostdiscussed.com)
Their 16S rRNA genes differ by as much as 17% between the three groups. (mostdiscussed.com)
NDM (0.9% relative abundance to 16S rRNA genes) was the most common carbapenemase gene, followed by OXA-58 (0.84% relative abundance to 16S rRNA genes). (biomedcentral.com)
Among the investigated mobile genetic elements, class 1 integrons (11% relative abundance to 16S rRNA genes) were the most abundant. (biomedcentral.com)

The increasing prevalence of resistance creates challenging questions for researchers and physicians. (wikipedia.org)
There are many resistance mechanisms underlying the emergence and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. (hindawi.com)
This study aimed to assay the prevalence of common β-lactam resistance genes including bla TEM , bla SHV , bla CTX-M and bla CMY and phenotypic resistance to commonly used β-lactam and fluoroquinolone antibiotics in UTIs. (biomedcentral.com)
The prevalence of resistance genes were 89.6% for bla TEM , 44.3% for bla CTX-M , 6.6% for bla SHV and 0.9% for bla CMY . (biomedcentral.com)

Gene cassettes can move around within an organism's genome or be transferred to another organism in the environment via horizontal gene transfer. (wikipedia.org)
Genetic engineering allows us to introduce genes into an organism from a totally unrelated species which is commonly carried out on crops, agricultural animals and bacteria. (iflscience.com)
The transfer of genes from one organism to another is potentially a rapid way for evolution to occur and for complicated novel functions to emerge. (phys.org)

Since then, we have continued to warn our regulators that the CaMV 35S promoter will be extra prone to spread by horizontal gene transfer and recombination [7-9]. (i-sis.org.uk)
In biology, a gene cassette is a type of mobile genetic element that contains a gene and a recombination site. (wikipedia.org)
In summary, the origin and evolution of plasmids are complex and multifaceted processes, shaped by mutation, recombination, horizontal gene transfer, and selection. (theinternet.io)

Indeed, there is an urgent need to develop standardized methods and a well-curated database for accurate identification, characterization, and quantification of antibiotic resistance in such complex water matrices as wastewater. (vscht.cz)
Characterization of the environmental resistome, thus, would provide an understanding of novel resistance factors that might be encountered in clinics in the future. (biomedcentral.com)

Integrons are genetic structures in bacteria which express and are capable of acquiring and exchanging gene cassettes. (wikipedia.org)
The integron consists of a promoter, an attachment site, and an integrase gene that encodes a site-specific recombinase There are three classes of integrons described. (wikipedia.org)
The mobile units that insert into integrons are gene cassettes. (wikipedia.org)

For these studies, we have developed a new functional metagenomic method for studying horizontal gene transfer in microbial communities with the help of engineered bacteriophages. (brc.hu)
In our recent publication in Nature Microbiology , we introduced a new approach called Reprogrammed Bacteriophage Particle Assisted Multi-species Functional Metagenomics (DEEPMINE) to expand the functional metagenomic toolbox for studying microbial communities and by doing so, deepen our understanding of how antimicrobial resistance emerges. (brc.hu)

When a microorganism (e.g. bacterium, virus, etc.) adapts in some way to resist the effect of a medicine or product used to kill it, it is said to have developed "antimicrobial resistance," or AMR. (unl.edu)
Plasmids can also pick up a variable cargo of other genes that can help their host bacterium grow or survive in different environments - the plasmid spreads them between bacteria and if a survival advantage is gained due to the carried genes on the plasmid there will be positive selection for its carriage. (resistancecontrol.info)
In a new discovery that increases our understanding of gene transfer, a research team centered at University of Tsukuba has studied a gene in marine invertebrates called ascidians originally came from a common bacterium. (phys.org)

The level of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic and commensal E. coli has steadily increased and has become a global health concern [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Hence the commensal reservoir bacteria may be important players in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. (helpmyessay.com)

REPARES aims at advancing the European community's know-how on antibiotic resistance across sanitation waterways, which in the future will bring society closer to achieving the Sustainable Development Goal of the United Nations. (vscht.cz)

The 59-be are a diverse family of sequences that function as recognition sites for the site-specific integrase (enzyme responsible for integrating the gene cassette into an integron) that occur downstream from the gene coding sequence. (wikipedia.org)
Evidence is growing that extensive horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes occur in nature between clinical and nonclinical bacteria [2]. (helpmyessay.com)
In 1911, after observing that related traits could be inherited separately, Thomas Hunt Morgan suggested that "crossovers" could occur between related genes. (oldfield.info)
Mutation: Spontaneous mutations can occur in plasmid genes, leading to the emergence of new variants with different phenotypic traits. (theinternet.io)

The picture is si-milar in Vibrio - 'similar' refers to a great deal of protein homology among the numerous components in various species, despite vastly different regulatory circuits - for which the present model for competence involves 19+ genes, and, as core components: 1. (asmblog.org)
Similar to the use of antibiotics in humans, food animal production utilizes antibiotics to treat and prevent diseases and, in some species, to promote growth. (unl.edu)

Transgenic constructs contain new combinations of genes that have never existed, and they also amplify gene products that have never been part of our food chain [3]. (i-sis.org.uk)
This process can lead to the creation of new plasmids with novel combinations of genes and functions. (theinternet.io)

The study, led by researchers at ETH Zurich in Switzerland, focused on a plasmid that encodes resistance genes for streptomycin and sulfonamides, called P3 for short. (asm.org)

A previous study also demonstrated that E. coli can carry resistance plasmids and can easily acquire resistance transfer genes [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Transfer of antimicrobial resistance via plasmid exchange is of particular concern as it enables unrelated bacteria to acquire resistance. (nih.gov)
when bacteria acquire these plasmids through horizontal gene transfer, their acquisition could spread the resistance posing a significant threat to public health. (keydifference.info)

Among the Enterobacteriaceae , β-lactam resistance, including carbapenem resistance, is primarily caused by enzymatic degradation by β-lactamases. (cdc.gov)

All mechanisms of DNA transfer involve the cell membrane. (helpmyessay.com)
Our focus on the alterations in the efficiencies of gene transfer mechanisms upon exposure to triclosan may elucidate novel physiological effects. (helpmyessay.com)
Regular monitoring of resistance mechanisms, the establishment of a prevention strategy, and more rational and appropriate use of antibiotics are needed. (who.int)

Strikingly, K-2157 displayed a resistome composed of ß-lactam resistance genes (blaSHV-190, blaTEM-1, blaOXA-9, and blaKPC-2), the fosfomycin resistance gene fosA, and the fluoroquinolones resistance genes oqxA and oqxB. (bvsalud.org)
Our aim was therefore to investigate the microbiota and antibiotic resistome of hospital effluent collected from the city of Mumbai, India, with a special focus on identifying novel carbapenemases. (biomedcentral.com)

The procedure, in which bone marrow cells are genetically modified outside the body and re-implanted, was previously thought to avoid creating infectious viruses and causing cancer, both recognized major hazards of gene therapy. (i-sis.org.uk)
The comments, "it is extremely unlikely that genes from genetically modified (GM) food can end up in bacteria in the gut of people who eat them", and "the findings had been assessed by several Government experts who had ruled that humans were not at risk", are seriously misleading. (i-sis.org.uk)

They compared the frequency of detection of 11 sulfonamide and tetracycline antibiotic resistance genes. (sciencedaily.com)

In the past five years, we have made important contributions to the understanding of the evolution of resistance to antimicrobial peptides and to antibiotics in clinical development. (brc.hu)
During the pandemic of COVID-19, the amounts of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) used to inactivate the virus in public facilities, hospitals and households increased, which raised concerns about the evolution and transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). (bvsalud.org)
Monitoring resistance to antibiotics in wild animals may assist in evaluating tendencies in the evolution of this major public health problem. (mdpi.com)

Moreover, several genes involved in siderophore biosynthesis (ybt, iro, and iuc), bacteriocins (clb), and capsule hyperproduction (plasmid-borne rmpA [prmpA] and prmpA2) were found, which is congruent with the positive string test displayed by K-2157. (bvsalud.org)

Modulating the activity of specific genes and protein activities could be a useful way of combatting a wide variety of diseases, especially genetic diseases. (duke.edu)

The World Health Organization and the Center for Disease Control recognize antibiotic resistance "as a critical health challenge of our time," Pruden writes in a paper published in a 2010 issue of Environmental Science and Technology . (sciencedaily.com)
The World Health Organization qualified antibiotic resistance development as a significant global threat to society. (vscht.cz)

Antibiotics play a very important role in dealing with pathogenic microorganism infections as well as in reducing morbidity and mortality [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Antibiotics have long been considered as the first line of defense to prevent pathogenic E. coli infections. (hindawi.com)
Antibiotic resistance is a very real problem, and failure to deal with this problem has already caused infections that we cannot treat. (uaf.edu)
Antibiotics were developed in 1940 solely for the treatment of infections in humans and animals. (vscht.cz)

When an antibiotic is consumed, researchers have learned that up to 90 percent passes through a body without metabolizing. (sciencedaily.com)
The researchers then monitored the growth of both the recipient and S. Typhimurium, as well as the frequency of P3 transfer, by analyzing the feces of the mice over 3 days. (asm.org)
However, the researchers did not expect the plasmid to be transferred if there was no antibiotic pressure, as it would not directly benefit the bacteria to harbor resistance genes. (asm.org)
The researchers demonstrate that their approach can affect two cellular processes, one responsible for spreading genetic instructions amongst bacteria and the other for modulating protein circuits in mammalian cells. (duke.edu)
The researchers also show that they can use this approach to control the transcription of DNA into RNA in E. coli, effectively amplifying the expression of a specific gene by bringing different factors together. (duke.edu)

Those animals can be a reservoir for AMR, especially when antibiotics are overused or misused. (unl.edu)
The study also demonstrates that the microbiota of hospital wastewater can serve as a reservoir of novel resistance genes, including previously uncharacterized carbapenemases with the potential to spread further. (biomedcentral.com)

Pruden who has developed the concept of antibiotic resistance genes as environmental pollutants has an international reputation in applied microbial ecology, environmental remediation, and environmental reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance. (sciencedaily.com)
One especially versatile gastrointestinal pathogen, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, is particularly interesting for studies on resistance gene sharing because it forms so-called persister reservoirs in its hosts. (asm.org)

In one example, they build condensates that stop small packets of DNA called plasmids from traveling between bacteria in a process called horizontal gene transfer. (duke.edu)

An example would be the kanMX cassette which confers kanamycin (an antibiotic) resistance upon bacteria. (wikipedia.org)

As they are able to differentiate between human and animal sources of the antibiotic resistance genes, Pruden and her colleagues believe they can "shed light on areas where intervention can be most effective in helping to reduce the spread of these contaminants through environmental matrixes such as soils, groundwater, surface water and sediments. (sciencedaily.com)
As a result of that, some microorganisms have evolved to produce antibiotics (penicillin was discover from soils' bacteria! (unl.edu)

Therefore, continuous inspections and monitoring of E. coli in minks are essential for detecting and controlling emerging E. coli with different serovars as well as antibiotic resistance. (hindawi.com)

Water filtered through wastewater treatment plants may also contain used antibiotics. (sciencedaily.com)
REPARES ( Research Platform on Antibiotic Resistance Spread through Wastewater Treatment Plants ), a consortium of leading academic, industry, and policymakers knowledgeable in the Antibiotic Resistance (AR) subject, is geared towards contributing excellence in research on the spread of AR in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). (vscht.cz)

Antibiotic resistance (AR) has become prevalent, spreading primarily in populations and the environment. (vscht.cz)

These cassettes often carry antibiotic resistance genes. (wikipedia.org)
For cassettes that carry a single gene without a promoter, the entire series of cassettes is transcribed from an adjacent promoter within the integron. (wikipedia.org)
The gene cassettes are speculated to be inserted and excised via a circular intermediate. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy7

Organisms43

Diseases18

Chemicals and Drugs75

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment37

Phenomena and Processes74

Disciplines and Occupations5

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Health Care10

Pathogens17

Bacterial29

Conjugation10

Strains7

ARGs10

Virulence and antibiotic resistance2

Escherichia4

Isolates4

Organisms10

Patterns of antibiotic resistance2

Dissemination4

Mechanism8

Proliferation of antibiotic resistance2

Genomic9

Drug resistance6

Resistant17

Pathogenic bacteria1

Conjugative1

Clinically1

Absence of antibiotic1

Plasmid transfer3

Susceptibility was determined1

RRNA genes4

Prevalence4

Organism3

Recombination3

Characterization2

Integrons3

Microbial communities2

Bacterium3

Commensal2

Sanitation1

Occur4

Species2

Combinations of genes2

Encodes1

Acquire3

Carbapenem1

Mechanisms3

Resistome2

Genetically2

Tetracycline1

Evolution3

Several genes1

Specific genes1

World Health Organ2

Infections4

Researchers5

Reservoir2

Reservoirs2

Bacteria in a process1

Kanamycin1

Soils2

Coli1

Wastewater treatment plants2

Prevalent1

Cassettes3