Spore coat protein. Medical search. Frequent questions

The Bacillus Spore Morphogenesis and Germination Holin (BSH) Family (TC# 1.E.23) is a family of proteins named after a holin in Bacillus subtilis described to be involved in spore morphogenesis and germination by Real et al (2005). (wikipedia.org)
A representative list of homologous proteins, found only in Bacillus species, is available in the Transporter Classification Database. (wikipedia.org)
Portal: Biology As of this edit, this article uses content from "1.E.23 The Bacillus Spore Morphogenesis and Germination Holin (BSH) Family", which is licensed in a way that permits reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, but not under the GFDL. (wikipedia.org)
For example in the food industry there is a desire for rapid analysis of food stuffs to detect the presence of any bacterial spores, such as Bacillus cereus , before they can germinate and spoil produce and/or cause illness. (justia.com)
The revelation in May 2015 of the shipment of γ irradiation-inactivated wild-type Bacillus anthracis spore preparations containing a small number of live spores raised concern about the safety and security of these materials. (cdc.gov)
The composition of the insoluble "integuments" and soluble "contents" fractions of spores of four Bacillus species of widely differing heat resistance were compared. (rupress.org)
Diversité de la résistance des spores de Bacillus à l'eau oxygénée. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Oxidative activation of Bacillus cereus spores. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Alterations in metal content of spores of Bacillus megaterium and the effect on some spore properties. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The sterilizing effect against Bacillus subtilis spores of hydrogen peroxide at different temperatures and concentration. (microbiologyresearch.org)
In Bacillus subtilis, this protection is, in part, conferred by a proteinaceous shell, the "coat", which is composed of ~80 different proteins. (bvsalud.org)
BACKGROUND: The bacterium Bacillus subtilis is extensively used for the commercial production of enzymes due to its efficient protein secretion capacity. (bvsalud.org)
Bacillus anthracis is a spore-forming bacterium that causes anthrax in humans and animals. (cdc.gov)

The current gold standard for detection of spores is germination via heat activation and outgrowth. (justia.com)
requirement of heat-activated spores for sodium ions for germination was also found. (1library.net)
The transition of dormant bacterial spores to fully active vegetative forms can be divided into three distinct phases : activation, germination, outgrowth. (1library.net)
The present paper describes experiments on the effect of reducing agents and pH value as activating agents for spores of this organism and also investigations of the inorganic ion require- ment for germination. (1library.net)
Treated spores were washed twice with phosphate buffer before testing for germination. (1library.net)
were removed and the spores washed twice with phosphate buffer and tested for germination. (1library.net)
The mutants were tested for germination and growth under different conditions, formation of sclerotia, ability to penetrate and infect host tissue, and for spore and mycelium surface properties. (biomedcentral.com)
SUMMARY: The effect of hydrogen peroxide on the germination, colony formation and structure of spores of Clostridium bifermentans was examined. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Germination of spores of Clostridium bifermentans by certain amino acids, lactate and pyruvate in the presence of sodium or potassium ions. (microbiologyresearch.org)

To dissect the basis underlying exosporium assembly we use molecular biology, bacterial genetics, biochemical and structural analysis, omics and single cell imaging techniques to understand the mechanisms through which key morphogenetic proteins drive exosporium assembly and interplay with other spore-coat and exosporium constituents. (tamu.edu)
Destruction of most resistant bacterial spores with relatively brief exposure. (missouri.edu)
In this study, the potential of the bacterial laccase CotA (spore coating protein A) for oxidation of KL under mild conditions was assessed. (elsevierpure.com)
Sensitization of bacterial spores to lysozyme and to hydrogen peroxide with agents which rupture disulphide bonds. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Bacterial spores are dormant cells elaborated by some Gram-positive bacteria during poor growth conditions to protect their genetic material from harsh environmental stresses. (bvsalud.org)

Because fungal spores are often. (merckmanuals.com)
These enzymes are designed to break down plant matter like fungal spores. (diseasesolutions.net)
Citric acid helps to break down and desiccate exoskeletons and fungal spores on contact before they can establish solid colonies on your plants. (growitdepot.com)

Role of the Spore Coat Proteins CotA and CotB , and the Spore Surface Protein CDIF630_02480, on the Surface Distribution of Exosporium Proteins in Clostridioides difficile 630 Spores. (tamu.edu)
A trend that continued as a post-doc, when I joined Dr Cota and Prof Mathews group , a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) lab at Imperial College, learning a completely different approach to protein structure determination. (ncl.ac.uk)

During the infection, C. difficile initiates a sporulation cycle that leads to the formation of new dormant spores in the host, which are key for the recurrence and transmission of the disease. (tamu.edu)

Clostridioides difficile is a Gram positive, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium that causes C. difficile infections (CDI) and is considered as the most frequent hospital-acquired pathogen. (tamu.edu)

Mutants lacking this gene or its product have spores that exhibit outer coat defects. (wikipedia.org)
These spores lack the characteristic striatal pattern resulting in the failure of the outer coat to attach to the underlying inner coat. (wikipedia.org)
MALDI has been used to detect specific biomarkers associated with the outer layers of the spores. (justia.com)
A major obstacle to develop therapies that remove C. difficile spores from the host and/or environment is the lack of basic understanding of how C. difficile forms the outer exosporium layer of the spore. (tamu.edu)
Integument preparations, containing mainly protein with little mucopeptide, consisted chiefly of outer and inner spore coats, while preparations having more mucopeptide contained also residual cortical material and a cortical membrane (possibly the germ cell wall). (rupress.org)
The results suggest that spore integuments consist of mainly proteinaceous outer and inner coats together with variable amounts of residual cortex and cortical membrane which contain the mucopeptide material. (rupress.org)
They also contain those that specialize in proteins, which is what many pathogens outer coat is made up of. (diseasesolutions.net)
It is useful to think of the outer proteins of a virus as keys. (innovativedehumidifiers.com)

Methods for the growth and enumeration of anaerobic spore-formers from cheese, with observations on the effect of nisin. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Hydrophobins are small proteins produced by filamentous fungi that have a variety of biological functions including coating of spores and surface adhesion. (biomedcentral.com)

The SpoIIQ landmark protein has different requirements for septal localization and immobilization. (ucsd.edu)
Posttranslational protein S-palmitoylation regulates the localization and function of its target proteins involved in diverse cellular processes including meiosis. (life-science-alliance.org)
Live-cell fluorescence microscopy has importantly allowed us to visualize subcellular protein localization and incorporation of various fluorophores compatible with living cells in real time. (bvsalud.org)

Higher filamentous fungi that disperse through aerial spores produce amphiphilic and highly surface-active proteins called hydrophobins (HFBs), which coat spores and mediate environmental interactions. (fungig.org)
Hydrophobins are small, cysteine rich, surface active proteins secreted by filamentous fungi, forming hydrophobic layers on the walls of aerial mycelia and spores. (biomedcentral.com)
Filamentous fungi produce unique proteins called hydrophobins that are secreted and cover the walls of spores and hyphae with a hydrophobic layer [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The bacteria of genus Clostridium are rod-shaped, gram-positive and spore-forming anaerobes. (biomedcentral.com)
The activation of spores of Clostridium bifermentans by various treatments was investigated. (1library.net)
In the last few years, I've worked on proteins from human pathogens associated with hospital acquired infections, particularly Clostridium difficile and Candida albicans . (ncl.ac.uk)

In the classical view, cell membrane proteins undergo isotropic random motion, that is a 2D Brownian diffusion that should result in an homogeneous distribution of concentration. (biomedcentral.com)

Mechanisms of C. difficile spore-host interactions. (tamu.edu)
It is well known that proteins from both classes of the plant's immune system-PRRs and NLRs-rely on interactions between multiple host proteins to neutralize an invading pathogen. (frontiersin.org)

The use of essential oils have consistently been studied for their effects on pathogens, such as mold spores, mites, and even parasitic eggs! (diseasesolutions.net)
These electrically charged atoms also affect viruses and other pathogens, where in the case of viruses, ions influence the molecular structure of the protein that is an integral part of the infection process. (innovativedehumidifiers.com)
The ions it produces can break apart proteins in the make-up of airborne pathogens (e.g., viruses, bacteria, mold spores) by stripping hydrogen from them. (innovativedehumidifiers.com)
As the positive and negative ions surround air particles that include pathogens (e.g., viruses, bacteria, mold spores), these ions extract hydrogen from the pathogen. (innovativedehumidifiers.com)

More rapid tests exploit antibodies associated to the surface of the spores (exosporium) for detection. (justia.com)
Our aim is to understand how exosporium assembly occurs during C. difficile spore-formation. (tamu.edu)

In China, we re-establish the research on DNA Barcoding, taxonomy, and identification of fungi, and continue working on surface-active proteins such as hydrophobins and cerato-platanins. (fungig.org)
Hydrophobin mutants in a variety of fungi have been described to show 'easily wettable' phenotypes, indicating that hydrophobins play a general role in conferring surface hydrophobicity to aerial hyphae and spores. (biomedcentral.com)
In the genome of the grey mould fungus Botrytis cinerea , genes encoding three hydrophobins and six hydrophobin-like proteins were identified. (biomedcentral.com)

These spores contain packed DNA encased by a peptidoglycan cortex and concentric proteinaceous layers, protecting the spore from environmental influences. (uni-muenchen.de)

The enzymes were stabilized on the spore surface during storage, and it was also possible to recycle the particles. (uni-muenchen.de)
As the spores begin to flourish, enzymes convert the grain into sugar, and then the enzyme-rich grain is added to a second product, such as soybeans. (tastingtable.com)
The HMW agents that were considered most relevant were flour dusts, enzymes (both plant and animal derived), gums, foods and tobacco, rubber-derived proteins, animal- and insect-derived allergens, and fish/ seafood-derived allergens ( Table 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Enzymes are proteins used as biocatalysts to reduce or replace the use of chemi- cals in a variety of processes.9 As catalysts, enzymes are used in a variety of indus- tries, including cleaning, food processing, animal feed, fuel alcohol, textile, paper, and pharmaceuticals. (cdc.gov)

In this thesis, the goal is to display proteins of interest onto the surface of the spore, thereby creating biologically active particles, namely Sporobeads. (uni-muenchen.de)
Using human lung epithelial cells and pseudoviral particles carrying spike proteins from different SARS-CoV-2 variants, we found that YUM70 was equally effective at blocking viral entry mediated by original and variant spike proteins. (bvsalud.org)
Ions like to be neutral and bond with other ions with an opposite charge and so split virus proteins as positively and negatively charged particles unite to achieve a neutral balance. (innovativedehumidifiers.com)

Owing in part to the inability of phages to attach to spores, seed banks stabilized population dynamics and resulted in minimum host densities that were 30-fold higher compared to bacteria that were unable to engage in dormancy. (nature.com)
There is a growing need to be able to detect and identify spore forming bacteria. (justia.com)
The non-lipid containing viruses and bacteria with a waxy coat occupy a midrange of resistance. (missouri.edu)

Hydrophobin aggregates are highly resistant against treatments that are used for solubilising proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

However, the mechanisms that underline C. difficile spore-persistence remain unclear. (tamu.edu)
Our aim is to elucidate how C. difficile spores interact with the intestinal mucosa and persist during the infection. (tamu.edu)
The surface of C. difficile spores serves as the primary site of interaction with host surfaces. (tamu.edu)
By understanding how C. difficile interacts with the host and the composition of the spore surface layer, we aim to develop novel therapeutic strategies that prevent C. difficile spore´s interaction with the host´s intestinal mucosa and their persistence during disease. (tamu.edu)
In order to contribute to the control of COVID-19 spread world-wide, we are adapting a protein-display platform, which we have recently used for nasal immunization against C. difficile infections, to express SARS-CoV-2 surface proteins for mucosal immunization studies. (tamu.edu)
Redistribution of the Novel Clostridioides difficile Spore Adherence Receptor E-Cadherin by TcdA and TcdB Increases Spore Binding to Adherens Junctions. (tamu.edu)
Since joining ICaMB, I've focused on 2 main projects, both involving proteins from C. difficile . (ncl.ac.uk)
Firstly, I've been trying to determine the structure of SlpA, the main protein constituent in C. difficile S-layer. (ncl.ac.uk)

HP1383 restriction modification system S subunit HP1388 hypothetical protein HP1390 hypothetical protein HP1396 hypothetical protein HP1397 hypothetical protein HP1400+ iron(III) dicitrate transport protein (fecA) HP1402 type I restriction enzyme R protein (hsdR) HP1410 hypothetical protein HP1411 hypothetical protein HP1412 hypothetical protein HP1415 tRNA delta(2)-isopentenylpyrophosphate transferase (miaA). (lbl.gov)

Resistance of spores. (microbiologyresearch.org)

11 Advances in Radiopharmaceutical Development and New Trends in Radiochemistry Molecular imaging (using fotex PET payapl SPET radiotracers) will encompass in the future imaging of gene expression, protein expression, often referred to as an expiry date, the stock is trading at above 100, 1,000 is received. (forextrading-madeeasy.com)
Heat-shock-protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 (HSPA5), aliases GRP78 or BiP, is a protein encoded with 654 amino acids by the HSPA5 gene located on human chromosome 9q33.3. (bvsalud.org)

While there may be no solutions for embedded mold, there may be help for free-floating spores to disable them before they root and take hold of your home. (diseasesolutions.net)
Guard 'n Spray also effectively attacks mold and mildew spores, preventing their spread and helping to combat the reestablishment of new colonies. (growitdepot.com)

In a previous publication (Gibbs, 1964), some of the factors which affect the germina- tion of heat-activated spores of C. bifermentans were described. (1library.net)

BSH proteins average about 90 amino acyl residues in length and exhibit 3 transmembrane segments (TMSs). (wikipedia.org)
In mammalian cells, S-palmitoylate is added by a family of 23 transmembrane zinc finger DHHC (Asp-His-His-Cys)-containing protein acyl transferases and is removed by fatty acyl protein thioesterases ( Malgapo & Linder, 2021 ). (life-science-alliance.org)

Spore forms are the most resistant. (missouri.edu)
This spore forming strict anaerobe is resistant to most antibiotics and colonises the gut of individuals whose microbiome has been disturbed by these drugs. (ncl.ac.uk)

There are at least six types of lipids including fatty acids, isoprenoids, sterols, phospholipids, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, and lipid-derived electrophiles, which can be covalently attached to proteins ( Chen et al, 2018 ). (life-science-alliance.org)

Solutions containing high macromolecule concentrations are predicted to affect a number of protein properties compared to those properties in dilute solution. (biomedcentral.com)
Pre-incubation of spores with Cu 2+ before treatment with hydrogen peroxide produced a similar increase, but this could be eliminated by washing the spores with dilute acid or ethylenediamine tetraacetate. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Finally, the mutant spores accumulate reduced amounts of dipicolinic acid. (wikipedia.org)
Integument fractions consisted chiefly of protein together with variable amounts of the mucopeptide constituents, α, ϵ-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) and hexosamine. (rupress.org)
Overview of Viral Infections A virus is composed of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protein coat. (merckmanuals.com)
For studies on the effect of mercaptoacetic acid on spores, the free acid was titrated to pH 7.4 with 10 N-NaOH, and added to spores suspended in phosphate buffer. (1library.net)
After activation by heating or exposure to acid or alkali, spores were washed with phosphate buffer and stored as suspensions in this buffer at 4' and at room temperature (16-20') in screw-capped bottles three-quarters full, tightly screwed down to minimize aeration. (1library.net)

Lacto spore can be an intestinal probiotic enhancer that is created to focus on gastrointestinal functionality and advance the congruity of beneficial microbial verdure. (captaincleanoff.com)

The crust is of special interest in this thesis, as it constitutes the outermost layer of the coat. (uni-muenchen.de)

Together, these results highlight the versatility of the cellular processes in which protein S-palmitoylation participates. (life-science-alliance.org)

Therefore, the interaction network of the six crust proteins (CotVWXYZ and CgeA), their role in the crust as well as the composition and the active players of the proposed glycosylation modification were also elucidated in this study. (uni-muenchen.de)
The relative performance of the different anchors is partially explained by the protein interaction network and their roles in the crust structure. (uni-muenchen.de)

Interestingly, while genes which commonly code for cellusomes, protein complexes which breakdown crystalline cellulose, are present the organism is unable to grow solely on cellulose substrates (7). (thecoffeeparlor.com)
So my long term goal has become to establish a Structural Microbiology group, where we focus on structure determination of key proteins and complexes involved in pathogenicity as well as on their functional in vivo characterisation. (ncl.ac.uk)

Palmitoylation targets several protein residues, including serine (O-palmitoylation) and cysteine (S-palmitoylation or N-palmitoylation when it occurs at the N-terminal of the protein). (life-science-alliance.org)
When contact occurs, pests are suffocated when their exoskeletons are coated and rendered unable to digest proteins upon consumption, killing the pests and preventing new or worsening infestations. (growitdepot.com)

Furthermore, YUM70 reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection without impacting cell viability in vitro and suppressed viral protein production following SARS-CoV-2 infection. (bvsalud.org)
The hydrogen is a crucial component of the actual structure of the viral protein coat, which means that the virus cannot infect without it. (innovativedehumidifiers.com)

Hydrogen peroxide removed protein from spores-apparently from the coat-and treatment with dithiothreitol, which also removes spore-coat protein, increased the lethal effect of hydrogen peroxide 500-fold, suggesting that spore-coat protein has a protective effect against hydrogen peroxide. (microbiologyresearch.org)
In the case of a virus, the hydrogen is pulled away from its protein coat, or capsid. (innovativedehumidifiers.com)

Fatty acylation is a type of protein lipidation with the attachment of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids to the glycine, serine, lysine, or cysteine residues of proteins. (life-science-alliance.org)
Probably plays a role in the assembly of the spore coat proteins by catalyzing epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine cross-links. (expasy.org)

It is important to understand the functions and regulatory mechanisms of protein lipidation, which will advance our understanding of their pathological relevance, leading to strategies for targeting protein lipidation for therapeutic applications. (life-science-alliance.org)
In the current study, we review the newest research progresses on cell surface protein HSPA5 expressions, functions, and mechanisms for cancers and SARS-CoV-2 invasion. (bvsalud.org)
However, the mechanisms of colonisation of the gut and spore formation are poorly understood. (ncl.ac.uk)
So we have been focusing on proteins involved in these two mechanisms. (ncl.ac.uk)

Sonication may also be used to modify the surface of spores so as to aid subsequent detection in an immunoassay, for instance immunoassays involve the binding of an analyte to a specific antibody contained on the surface of a sensor. (justia.com)
When the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was stressed, HSPA5 translocated to the cell surface, the mitochondria, and the nucleus complexed with other proteins to execute its functions. (bvsalud.org)
These keys must fit the right lock (proteins on a cell's surface). (innovativedehumidifiers.com)

This regulon comprises several protein chaperone genes, including clpC, clpE and clpX, and is controlled by transcriptional repression. (bvsalud.org)

The virus proteins thus broken and changed can no longer infect vulnerable cells. (innovativedehumidifiers.com)

The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is a major endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone that has been recently implicated as an essential host factor for SARS-CoV-2 entry and infection. (bvsalud.org)

The pXO1 plasmid controls the production of the anthrax edema and lethal toxins, which are made of three proteins, the edema factor, the protective antigen, and the lethal factor. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy14

Organisms59

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs29

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Phenomena and Processes23

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science3

Health Care2

Bacillus13

Germination9

Bacterial5

Fungal3

CotA2

Dormant1

Bacterium that causes1

Outer8

Anaerobic1

Produced by filamentous fungi1

Localization3

Filamentous fungi3

Clostridium3

Membrane1

Interactions2

Pathogens4

Exosporium2

Hydrophobins3

Proteinaceous1

Enzymes4

Particles3

Bacteria3

Hydrophobin1

Difficile8

Hypothetical protein1

Resistance1

Gene2

Mold2

Bifermentans1

Acyl2

Resistant2

20181

Dilute2

Acid5

Intestinal1

Layer of the coat1

Cellular1

Interaction2

Complexes2

Occurs2

Viral protein2

Hydrogen2

Lysine2

Mechanisms4

Surface3

Genes1

Infect1

Infection1

Antigen1