• Influenza is an acute respiratory disease caused by infection with influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza viruses can be divided into 4 types: A, B, C, and D. Influenza type C viruses are not associated with severe disease, epidemics, or pandemics, and influenza D viruses primarily affect cattle and are not known to infect or cause illness in people, so neither will be discussed further here. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza type A viruses are divided into subtypes based on surface proteins called hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). (cdc.gov)
  • A few bat species were recently shown to be infected by influenza viruses originally designated as new influenza A subtypes H17N10 and H18N11. (cdc.gov)
  • [8,9] However, these viruses were shown to be incompetent for reassortment with other influenza A viruses, a hallmark of the species, indicating that they are not true influenza A viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Reassortment between influenza A (H1N1) and A (H3N2) viruses resulted in the circulation of A (H1N2) virus during the 2001-02 and 2002-03 influenza seasons. (cdc.gov)
  • In April 2009, a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09-which was different from currently circulating influenza A (H1N1) viruses-emerged and its subsequent spread resulted in the first pandemic of the 21st century. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza B viruses are not divided into subtypes, but are further broken down into 2 lineages: Yamagata and Victoria. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza A and B viruses both undergo gradual, continuous change in the HA and NA proteins, known as antigenic drift. (cdc.gov)
  • As a result of these antigenic changes, antibodies produced to influenza viruses as a result of infection or vaccination with earlier strains may not be protective against viruses circulating in later years. (cdc.gov)
  • Antigenic changes also necessitate frequent updating of influenza vaccine components to ensure that the vaccine is matched to circulating viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Viruses that cause equine influenza were first isolated in 1956. (wikipedia.org)
  • Influenza viruses are highly contagious and can cause seasonal epidemics, manifesting as an acute febrile illness with variable degrees of severity, ranging from mild fatigue to respiratory failure and death. (medscape.com)
  • Influenza viruses cause a broad array of respiratory illnesses responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in children. (medscape.com)
  • Influenza viruses cause epidemic disease (influenza virus types A and B) and sporadic disease (type C) in humans. (medscape.com)
  • The influenza viruses are the most common viral cause of pneumonia. (medscape.com)
  • These detections do not represent community transmission of seasonal influenza viruses. (canada.ca)
  • In Europe, Japan, and North America, influenza A(H3N2) viruses predominated, but influenza B viruses were more commonly isolated by the end of the season (1). (cdc.gov)
  • China, Iran, and Israel), influenza B viruses were isolated more frequently than influenza A(H3N2) viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza A(H1N1) viruses were isolated infrequently worldwide, except in Europe, where 14 countries reported sporadic * isolations, and a late-season outbreak in April affected children in the Czech Republic. (cdc.gov)
  • Since March 1997, influenza activity has increased in the Southern Hemisphere, and outbreaks and epidemic level activity have been associated with both influenza A(H3N2) and influenza B viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • In Madagascar, increased activity during May was associated with influenza B viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Senegal reported isolation of several influenza A(H3N2) viruses during March and April. (cdc.gov)
  • Most isolations reported from sporadic cases in South Africa during June-August were influenza A(H3N2), but influenza A(H1N1) and influenza B viruses also were detected. (cdc.gov)
  • In Hong Kong, during April-July, influenza A(H3N2) viruses were more frequently isolated than influenza B viruses, which had predominated during January-March. (cdc.gov)
  • In Japan, at the end of a season predominated by influenza A(H3N2) viruses, the number of influenza B isolates increased and peaked during March. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza B viruses continue to predominate in China, although isolation of influenza A(H3N2) was reported during April, and influenza A(H1N1) was reported during April and May. (cdc.gov)
  • Germany also reported postseason isolation of influenza A(H3N2) viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza A(H3N2) viruses were isolated from sporadic cases in the United States during March and April. (cdc.gov)
  • As in Europe, influenza B viruses were isolated more frequently than influenza A(H3N2) viruses after mid-February. (cdc.gov)
  • Initially, preseason isolates and outbreaks in June among school-aged children were associated with influenza B viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • In the northern frica influenza transmission zone, Egypt continued reporting low influenza activity with influenza B viruses being predominated while Morocco and Tunisia reported no activity. (who.int)
  • Nationally, an increased proportion of subtyped influenza A viruses have been identified as 2009 influenza A (H1N1) over the last few weeks. (cdc.gov)
  • Avian influenza (bird flu) is caused by infection with avian influenza (flu) Type A viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Sporadic human infections with bird flu viruses have occurred. (cdc.gov)
  • Sanmenxia Clade 2.3.2.1c-like H5N1 viruses possess the closest genetic identity to A/Alberta/01/2014 (H5N1), which recently caused a fatal respiratory infection in Canada with signs of meningoencephalitis, a highly unusual symptom with influenza infections in humans. (nature.com)
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) continues to emphasize the importance of ongoing surveillance to detect human infections with novel influenza A viruses, including highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus. (cdc.gov)
  • Surveillance can also identify human infections with swine influenza A viruses, which are referred to as variant influenza A virus infections. (cdc.gov)
  • Given the pandemic risk posed by novel influenza A virus infections, healthcare providers should remain alert to the possibility of human infections with influenza viruses that can spread between animals and people. (cdc.gov)
  • During this COCA call, presenters will give a comprehensive overview of novel influenza A viruses, focused on avian influenza A(H5N1) virus and variant influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Discuss the current situation of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus and variant influenza A viruses in the United States and worldwide, including the epidemiology of human infections with H5N1 viruses and other avian influenza A viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Describe diagnostic testing for novel influenza A viruses, limitations of commercially available influenza diagnostic tests, and recommended antiviral treatment for novel influenza A virus infections. (cdc.gov)
  • It is caused by a group of continuously changing viruses called influenza viruses. (bcm.edu)
  • Influenza viruses change easily and often, they are unpredictable, and they can be deadly. (bcm.edu)
  • There are three different types of influenza virus - A, B, and C. Type A viruses infect humans and several types of animals, including birds, pigs, and horses. (bcm.edu)
  • Clade 2.2 A(H5N1) influenza viruses that have been associated with human infections in Egypt since September 2008 are the ones with the most geographically disperse distribution and have caused outbreaks in poultry in over 60 countries in Asia, Africa and Europe. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • While at the moment attention is focused on the recent emergence of a new influenza A(H1N1) virus, other influenza viruses, including the avian influenza A(H5N1) strains, are still a cause for concern. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • Whenever influenza viruses are circulating in poultry, sporadic infections or small clusters of human cases are possible, especially in people exposed to infected household poultry or contaminated environments. (flutrackers.com)
  • Within the influenza division, we have a branch, and it's focused on surveillance for all influenza viruses, and that includes both human seasonal strains, as well as influenza viruses that circulate in animal hosts. (cdc.gov)
  • And I'm the team lead of a laboratory that focuses only on the zoonotic influenza viruses, or those strains that are typically found only in animals, but occasionally can infect humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Most of the time those influenza viruses don't infect people, but when they do, we're especially concerned because humans don't have immunity to the viruses that typically circulate in those other animals that I mentioned. (cdc.gov)
  • Cats usually don't get infected by influenza viruses, but there have been a couple of sporadic cases that we know of. (cdc.gov)
  • But cats typically aren't expected to get influenza viruses from birds. (cdc.gov)
  • But in the United States, and especially in the Northeastern United States, back in the late 1990s and early 2000s, there were quite a bit of these avian influenza viruses, known as the H7N2 subtype. (cdc.gov)
  • Most parts of the country are reporting sporadic or local flu activity, but the viruses are widespread in Maryland and regional in Louisiana. (umn.edu)
  • Nationally, influenza B/Victoria viruses are predominant, followed by A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. (medscape.com)
  • Influenza B viruses do not usually predominate this early in the season. (medscape.com)
  • Influenza B/Victoria viruses are most common among children aged 4 years and younger (48% of reported viruses) and those aged 5 to 24 years (59% of reported viruses). (medscape.com)
  • Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 are the most common viruses among adults aged 25 to 64 years (42% of reported viruses) and those aged 65 years and older (43% of viruses). (medscape.com)
  • Most (80.7%) influenza A viruses that underwent subtyping were A(H1N1)pdm09 and 19.3% were A(H3N2) viruses. (medscape.com)
  • Three deaths were linked to influenza A viruses and two resulted from influenza B viruses. (medscape.com)
  • Of 27 deaths that have been reported this season, 18 were linked to influenza B viruses (five of these had the lineage determined and all five were B/Victoria viruses). (medscape.com)
  • 99%) of the influenza viruses tested this season are susceptible to the four FDA-approved influenza antiviral medications recommended for use in the US this season. (medscape.com)
  • Avian influenza, or 'bird flu', is an infectious viral disease caused by influenza type A viruses. (qld.gov.au)
  • these are called avian influenza viruses (AIV). (qld.gov.au)
  • Viruses that cause only mild disease are called low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI). (qld.gov.au)
  • The epidemiological success of pandemic and epidemic influenza A viruses relies on the ability to transmit efficiently from person-to-person via respiratory droplets. (cdc.gov)
  • Respiratory droplet (RD) transmission of influenza viruses requires efficient replication and release of infectious influenza particles into the air. (cdc.gov)
  • Both the TRS and Eurasian swine viruses caused sporadic infections in humans, but failed to spread from person-to-person, unlike the pH1N1 virus. (cdc.gov)
  • We evaluated the pH1N1 and its precursor viruses in a ferret model to determine the contribution of different viral gene segments on the release of influenza virus particles into the air and on the transmissibility of the pH1N1 virus. (cdc.gov)
  • All viruses replicated well in the upper respiratory tract of infected ferrets, suggesting that factors other than viral replication are important for the release of influenza virus particles and transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • HPAI viruses, particularly the influenza A(H5) subtype, are causing the worst bird epidemics to date. (earth.com)
  • Although the current risk to human health is limited, the experts warn that the introduction of avian influenza viruses into mammalian populations could increase the risk of influenza virus reassortment, leading to adaptation and spread among mammals. (earth.com)
  • With the ongoing global presence of A(H5) HPAI viruses, further sporadic spill-over events to humans cannot be excluded," said the researchers. (earth.com)
  • Consequently, HPAI viruses have impacted wild bird populations worldwide, with the influenza A(H5N1) virus causing the death of more than 40 percent of the pelican population in Chile and Peru. (earth.com)
  • Although currently circulating avian influenza viruses retain a preference for avian-type receptors, different mutations associated with transmission to and pathogenicity in mammals have been observed," said the researchers. (earth.com)
  • To address the threat of avian influenza, the authors advocate for a One Health approach, which entails rapid sharing of outbreak information, provision of sequence data and reference viruses, and close collaboration between different sectors both locally and globally. (earth.com)
  • There are many types of avian influenza viruses, but only a few of them have caused serious concerns for human health, most notably H5N1, H7N9 and H5N8. (earth.com)
  • Avian influenza is a viral disease caused by various strains of avian influenza viruses that can be classified as low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) or highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). (usgs.gov)
  • The USGS National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) in collaboration with multiple partners conducts research into the ecology of avian influenza virus and surveillance for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses leading to several significant findings towards early detection and response to HPAI. (usgs.gov)
  • Wild birds, in particular certain species of waterfowl and shorebirds, are considered to be the natural reservoirs for avian influenza viruses. (usgs.gov)
  • Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are classified by a combination of two groups of proteins found on the surface of the virus: hemagglutinin proteins (H), of which there are 18 (H1-H18), and neuraminidase proteins (N), of which there are 11 (N1-N11). (usgs.gov)
  • Additional information on avian influenza viruses are available in the Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases . (usgs.gov)
  • It has been thought that Eurasian strains of avian influenza viruses enter the United States through the Pacific Flyway (Alaska to Baja California) and that this route is the most likely avenue for emerging Eurasian AIV strains to enter North America. (usgs.gov)
  • The USGS National Wildlife Health Center, in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), the University of Iceland, and other partners, has explored the ecology and movement of AI viruses in the North Atlantic region since 2010. (usgs.gov)
  • The susceptibility of cats to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses has been known since 2004, and had already been demonstrated in Thailand and Germany in 2006. (anses.fr)
  • However, it is important to verify that these phenomena remain sporadic and that the viruses that have acquired this ability to cross into mammals are not detected on poultry farms. (anses.fr)
  • In addition, professionals exposed to swine and avian influenza viruses are advised to get themselves vaccinated against seasonal flu. (anses.fr)
  • Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent infection and severe outcomes caused by influenza viruses. (hnhu.org)
  • Researchers from the University of Iowa tested pigs and humans for influenza viruses at the Minnesota and South Dakota state fairs. (hobbyfarms.com)
  • Right now, the research team is looking for evidence where the influenza viruses cross over between species so they can make recommendations for how to reduce flu transmission. (hobbyfarms.com)
  • The University of Minnesota's ICZIRC houses six other studies investigating influenza viruses and their effects on human health. (hobbyfarms.com)
  • Influenza viruses probably first sickened humans 6,000 to 7,000 years ago, corresponding with the early domestication of pigs and cattle. (historylink.org)
  • It's always hard to predict what will happen with influenza viruses. (wormsandgermsblog.com)
  • In the subsequent years (2017-2018) the low level but constant virus circulation of H5N8B resulted in a reassortment with other European low pathogenic viruses and caused sporadic outbreaks. (vetline.de)
  • The modular architecture of the segmented IAV genome allows for genetic re-assortment (antigenic shift) with other divergent IAVs, resulting in the sporadic emergence of novel viruses capable of causing large epidemics or pandemics. (jcvi.org)
  • In temperate parts of the Northern hemisphere, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (also known as RSV) surge from December to March, while parainfluenza viruses pick up in spring. (popsci.com)
  • Avian influenza refers to the disease caused by infection with avian (bird) influenza (flu) Type A viruses. (alaska.gov)
  • In Alaska, routine surveillance of wild and domestic birds for avian influenza has occurred for many years with the occasional detection of Low Pathogenic viruses in some wild waterfowl. (alaska.gov)
  • Since the first confirmed human infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus was reported in Hong Kong SAR (China) in 1997, sporadic zoonotic avian influenza viruses causing human illness have been identified globally with the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region as a hotspot. (who.int)
  • Between November 2003 and September 2017, WHO received reports of 1838 human infections with avian influenza viruses A(H5N1), A(H5N6), A(H6N1), A(H7N9), A(H9N2) and A(H10N8) in the Western Pacific Region. (who.int)
  • Avian influenza viruses occur naturally among wild aquatic birds and cause occasional outbreaks in domestic poultry and other animal species. (who.int)
  • 2 Co-circulation of influenza A viruses in human and animal reservoirs in shared habitats provides opportunities for these viruses to reassort and acquire a genetic composition that could facilitate sustained human-to-human transmission with potential pandemic consequences. (who.int)
  • The pandemic potential of avian influenza viruses gained larger recognition in 1997 when the first known human infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus was reported in Hong Kong SAR (China). (who.int)
  • As of September 2017, outbreaks associated with A(H5N1) viruses in domestic poultry and wild birds have occurred in more than 60 countries, and sporadic human infections with A(H5N1) viruses have been reported in 16 countries. (who.int)
  • 7 In addition to A(H5N1), other novel zoonotic influenza viruses infecting humans have emerged, including A(H5N6), A(H7N9), A(H10N8), A(H6N1) and a novel A(H1N2) variant. (who.int)
  • Influenza viruses are among the most important human pathogens and are responsible for annual epidemics and sporadic,potentially devastating pandemics. (uninsubria.it)
  • Furthermore, we describe its protective activity in mice after lethalchallenge with H1N1 and H5N1 viruses suggesting a potential application in the treatment of influenza virus infections. (uninsubria.it)
  • A(H1N2) variant viruses and one human case of infection with an influenza A(H3N2) variant virus were reported officially.3 One additional human case of infection with an influenza A(H1N1)v virus was detected. (who.int)
  • The overall public health risk from currently known influenza viruses at the human-animal interface has not changed, and the likelihood of sustained human-to-human transmission of these viruses remains low. (who.int)
  • Environmental samples from these stalls tested positive for influenza A(H5N6) viruses. (who.int)
  • 1. What is the likelihood that additional human cases of infection with avian influenza A(H5) viruses will occur? (who.int)
  • 2. What is the likelihood of human-to-human transmission of avian influenza A(H5) viruses? (who.int)
  • Even though small clusters of A(H5) virus infections have been reported previously including those involving healthcare workers, current epidemiological and virological evidence suggests that influenza A(H5) viruses have not acquired the ability of sustained transmission among humans, thus the likelihood is low. (who.int)
  • Influenza refers to illness caused by the influenza viruses, but the term is commonly and incorrectly used to refer to similar illnesses caused by other viral respiratory pathogens. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Influenza viruses are classified as type A, B, or C by their nucleoproteins and matrix proteins. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Influenza B viruses may cause milder disease but often cause epidemics with moderate or severe disease, either as the predominant circulating virus or along with influenza A. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Most influenza epidemics are caused by a predominant serotype, but different influenza viruses may appear sequentially in one location or may appear simultaneously, with one virus predominating in one location and another virus predominating elsewhere. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These neuraminidase inhibitors are chemically related and have activity against both influenza A and B viruses. (medscape.com)
  • Although influenza is unpredictable, laboratory data suggest that influenza A (H3N2) viruses are thus far predominating during the 2017-2018 season. (medscape.com)
  • Influenza A(H5N1), a strain of influenza virus that usually infects only birds, was isolated from a 3-year-old child in Hong Kong who died in May of multiple complications including Reye syndrome during an acute respiratory illness. (cdc.gov)
  • In October 2019, no new cases of human influenza A(H5N1) were reported in Egypt. (who.int)
  • The causative agent behind this outbreak was identified as H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV). (nature.com)
  • Hopefully, the knowledge gained in response to the H5N1 and 2009 H1N1 outbreaks, and continued research to more completely understand influenza virus, as well as improvements in vaccine and drug development, will enable us to minimize the effects of future influenza outbreaks. (bcm.edu)
  • GLOBAL - A. Melidou of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in Greece has summarised the latest situation on H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) worldwide. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • In an article in Eurosurveillance , A. Melidou writes that the A(H5N1) influenza virus has re-emerged in 2003 in Asia, Africa, the Pacific Region as well as Europe and since then has become endemic in some countries. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • The article of J.P. Dudley published in the same issue of Eurosurveillance examines the age- and sex-specific rates of infection and mortality for human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in Egypt, concluding that they differ markedly from those recorded in other countries. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • Avian influenza A(H5N1) - current situation. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • From 2003 through 7 October 2013, 641 laboratory-confirmed human cases with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection have been officially reported to WHO from 15 countries. (flutrackers.com)
  • Since the last WHO Influenza at the Human Animal Interface update on 26 August 2013, four new laboratory-confirmed human cases of influenza A(H5N1) virus infection were reported to WHO from Cambodia (3)and Indonesia (1). (flutrackers.com)
  • As influenza A(H5N1) virus is thought to be circulating widely in poultry in Cambodia and Indonesia, additional sporadic human cases or small clusters might be expected in the future. (flutrackers.com)
  • However, this influenza A(H5N1) virus does not currently appear to transmit easily among people. (flutrackers.com)
  • As of 2019, 2,644 human cases of avian influenza, mainly H7N9 or H5N1 subtypes have been reported. (qld.gov.au)
  • In late December, a sick cat in the Deux-Sèvres département tested positive for the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1. (anses.fr)
  • ANSES, the national reference laboratory, confirmed the contamination of a cat by the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 in late 2022. (anses.fr)
  • We have a long journey ahead of us in our battle against infectious diseases, and the current avian influenza outbreaks caused by influenza A (H5N1) underscore the importance of improving our preparedness for the next emerging or re-emerging infectious agent. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Then, even more alarmingly, 34 human cases of H5N1 avian influenza-a highly pathogenic flu that has ravaged poultry stocks in several Asian countries-were confirmed in Thailand and Vietnam. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The H5N1 subtype of influenza A is now endemic in the region and outbreaks continue to occur in poultry in Cambodia, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam. (getforme.com)
  • Sporadic human cases of H5N1, directly linked to bird flu, continue to be reported. (getforme.com)
  • WHO has stated that to date, there is no evidence of efficient human-to-human transmission of H5N1 influenza. (getforme.com)
  • Currently, there are no vaccines available against a pandemic virus strain although research is underway to develop a vaccine against the H5N1 influenza virus. (getforme.com)
  • Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is associated with severe disease and mortality in birds. (qld.gov.au)
  • In recent years, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has transformed from a seasonal phenomenon associated with migratory birds in specific regions to a constant global risk. (earth.com)
  • On the other hand, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) strains frequently fatal to birds and easily transmissible between susceptible species. (usgs.gov)
  • Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) poses an important threat to poultry farming and the whole value chain. (vetline.de)
  • Die hochpathogene aviäre Influenza (HPAI) stellt eine erhebliche Gefahr für die Geflügelwirtschaft und ihre vor- und nachgelagerten Wirtschaftsbereiche dar. (vetline.de)
  • The 2016/2017 epidemic of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) in Europe caused by the subtype H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 group B (H5N8B) particularly emphasized its threat to poultry farming. (vetline.de)
  • The first lethal human cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) occurred in 2007. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On January 16, 2014, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) had occurred on a breeder duck farm located in Gochang, Jeollabuk-do, in the southwest of the Republic of Korea. (ophrp.org)
  • In 2016, as part of routine surveillance, a wild mallard was found to have Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N2. (alaska.gov)
  • While equine influenza is historically not known to affect humans, impacts of past outbreaks have been devastating due to the economic reliance on horses for communication (postal service), military (cavalry), and general transportation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Prevention of equine influenza outbreaks is maintained through vaccines and hygiene procedures. (wikipedia.org)
  • From August 29 to November 6, 2021 (weeks 35 to 44), 11 ILI outbreaks and no laboratory-confirmed influenza outbreaks have been reported. (canada.ca)
  • Several outbreaks associated with influenza A(H3N2) occurred in nursing homes for the elderly during May-July. (cdc.gov)
  • During April, the Czech Republic reported outbreaks of influenza A(H1N1) virus among schoolchildren. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, two nursing home outbreaks associated with influenza A(H3N2) were reported: one in Delaware during March and one in California during June. (cdc.gov)
  • Public health organizations closely monitor avian influenza outbreaks in birds and humans because of the potential for the virus to mutate and gain the capability to spread easily among humans, which could lead to a pandemic. (earth.com)
  • Highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in domestic poultry cause large economic losses to the U.S. economy. (usgs.gov)
  • The past decade has seen increasingly frequent and severe outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza, as described in the Summary and Assessment. (nationalacademies.org)
  • There are sporadic significant changes in influenza virus genomes that cause flu outbreaks. (blogspot.com)
  • The two influenza A virus subtypes have cocirculated in human populations since 1977: influenza A (H1N1) and A (H3N2). (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, Hong Kong reported sporadic isolation of influenza A(H1N1) virus during June-August. (cdc.gov)
  • Other countries reporting isolation of influenza A(H1N1) from sporadic cases include Germany, Norway, and the United Kingdom. (cdc.gov)
  • A and B with influenza B predominately detected in Kuwait while Bahrain reported co circulation of A(H1N1)pdm and B. (who.int)
  • Three of these deaths were associated with an influenza B virus, one was associated with an influenza A (H3) virus, one was associated with a 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus, and one was associated with an influenza A virus for which the subtype was not determined. (cdc.gov)
  • The novel virus, commonly called swine flu, is named influenza A (H1N1). (bcm.edu)
  • 1. In view of the close link between the International Health Regulations (2005) and the international response to the pandemic (H1N1) 2009, he suggested that the Board consider the situation concerning the pandemic under item 4.2 despite the fact that the Board had decided to postpone its consideration of item 4.1, on pandemic influenza preparedness, until later in the session. (who.int)
  • Eurasian-origin gene segments contribute to the transmissibility, aerosol release, and morphology of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus. (cdc.gov)
  • As well, the flu shot also protects against other "A" strains as well as H1N1 and influenza B strains that may circulate later this season. (hnhu.org)
  • Influenza is one of the most significant causes of acute upper respiratory tract infections worldwide. (medscape.com)
  • Two of the influenza detections (influenza A and B co-infections) are known and 22 are suspected to be associated with recent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) receipt. (canada.ca)
  • Apart from sporadic cases, widespread infections and deaths of wild birds from HPAIV infection have never been reported before 2005. (nature.com)
  • These sporadic infections typically occur during the summer and early fall after exposures to pigs at agricultural fairs. (cdc.gov)
  • Presenters will also address patient exposure histories and review questions to ask patients to help guide clinical diagnosis and testing for novel influenza A virus infections. (cdc.gov)
  • During the current year, sporadic human infections have occurred only in Egypt, China and Vietnam. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • Dr FUKUDA (Special Adviser to the Director-General on Pandemic Influenza), giving a brief update on the current situation, recalled that pandemic influenza infections had first been reported in late April 2009. (who.int)
  • Most infections resulted in uncomplicated influenza illness, not requiring specialized medical care. (who.int)
  • While wild birds often show no symptoms of avian influenza, infections in them are a concern to the poultry industry because migrating birds can spread the disease to vulnerable commercial flocks. (fox2now.com)
  • Avian influenza is now entrenched in Asia, with sporadic human infections resulting from either direct contact with infected birds or limited human-to-human transmission. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The Malaysia Ministry of Health also reported that they have been conducting COVID-19 surveillance to detect sporadic spread and local infections of COVID-19, by testing patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) with no history of travel to affected countries, or COVID-19 positive cases. (rojakpot.com)
  • Before 1918 the average mortality rate for most influenza was only about one-tenth of 1 percent, or approximately one fatality for every 1,000 infections. (historylink.org)
  • Oseltamivir or Tamiflu, a neuraminidase inhibitor, is currently the drug used for the treatment of Influenza A infections. (getforme.com)
  • Results suggest that microbiome disturbance and resilience dynamics may be critical to addressing bacterial co-infections associated with influenza-derived illnesses. (jcvi.org)
  • Given the unequivocal association between viral and bacterial co-infection and influenza disease severity, there is a pressing need to better understand how changes in the host microbiome correlates with viral infections that facilitate opportunistic co-infections. (jcvi.org)
  • SARS was contained within a year after it emerged in late 2002, and the MERS coronavirus, which is transmitted by camels, was discovered in 2012 and is "still causing intermittent and sporadic infections without obvious seasonality," the authors of the new report noted. (popsci.com)
  • No human infections due to avian influenza have been reported in Alaska. (alaska.gov)
  • Regional analyses of human infections with avian influenza subtypes revealed distinct epidemiologic patterns that varied across countries, age and time. (who.int)
  • 1 They do not normally infect humans, though certain subtypes, such as avian influenza A(H5), A(H7) and A(H9) have caused sporadic human infections. (who.int)
  • All human infections caused by a new influenza subtype are required to be reported under the International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005).4 This includes any influenza A virus that has demonstrated the capacity to infect a human and its haemagglutinin gene (or protein) is not a mutated form of those, i.e. (who.int)
  • Although respiratory infections can be classified by the causative virus (eg, influenza), they are generally classified. (msdmanuals.com)
  • All influenza types and subtypes have been identified at high levels this season, and continue to circulate widely. (cdc.gov)
  • Despite measures to prevent HPAIV spread by vaccination or the culling of infected birds, several H5 influenza subtypes are already prevalent in Asia, Europe and Africa 4 . (nature.com)
  • Type A influenza is classified into subtypes depending on which versions of two different proteins are present on the surface of the virus. (bcm.edu)
  • The influenza A subtypes are further classified into strains, and the names of the virus strains include the place where the strain was first found and the year of discovery. (bcm.edu)
  • Some AIV, such as H7, H5 and H9 subtypes, are associated with sporadic zoonotic human infection. (qld.gov.au)
  • In this study, we describe a human monoclonal antibody (PN-SIA49) that recognizes a highlyconserved epitope located on the stem region of the HA and able to neutralize a broad spectrum of influenza virusesbelonging to different subtypes (H1, H2 and H5). (uninsubria.it)
  • [1-5] Aspirin and other salicylate-containing medications are contraindicated for children and adolescents with influenza-like illness, as their use during influenza infection has been associated with the development of Reye syndrome. (cdc.gov)
  • Sporadically occurring influenza-like illness and positive flu tests. (theweathernetwork.com)
  • The percentage visits for influenza-like illness (ILI) was 0.58% in week 44 and is below expected levels. (canada.ca)
  • In Australia, influenza-like illness as reported by sentinel medical practices increased during late June with notable activity in Melbourne and Sydney. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza-like-illness (ILI) is 4.3%, which is above the national baseline of 2.2% and the highest it has been so far this flu season, but is still substantially lower than the 7.5% peak recorded last season. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Influenza-like Illness (ILI) State Activity Indicator Map: The number of state experiencing high ILI activity increased from 23 states plus NYC last week to 24 states plus New York City. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Flu, or influenza, is a contagious respiratory illness that spreads from person to person through the air via coughs or sneezes or through contact with infected surfaces. (bcm.edu)
  • And the veterinarian started to experience influenza-like illness, really after doing quite a bit of work with these sick cats, and even doing an autopsy on a cat that had died. (cdc.gov)
  • Most of the country is experiencing high influenza-like illness activity and 800 more deaths were reported during the last week of 2019 alone, according to the most recent report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (medscape.com)
  • The percentage of outpatient healthcare provider visits for influenza-like illness (ILI) rose from 5.1% to 6.9% during the week ending December 28 (week 52). (medscape.com)
  • Influenza-like illness activity was high in the District of Columbia, New York City, Puerto Rico, and 34 states (37 jurisdictions), compared with 28 jurisdictions during the previous week. (medscape.com)
  • The symptoms can range from typical influenza-like symptoms (fever, cough, sore throat, and muscle aches) to severe respiratory illness and other complications. (earth.com)
  • This evolutionary arms race between vaccine design and viral mutation contributes to annual influenza epidemics worldwide, which on average results in 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness and up to 291,000 to 646,000 deaths annually. (jcvi.org)
  • Influenza C virus infection does not cause typical influenza illness and is not discussed here. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Influenza causes widespread sporadic illness yearly during fall and winter in temperate climates (seasonal epidemics). (msdmanuals.com)
  • A recent study [ 1 ] showed that although high-risk patients with respiratory illness who sought care early were more likely to receive antiviral prescriptions, only 37% of high-risk patients with confirmed influenza were actually prescribed antiviral medications. (medscape.com)
  • Clinicians also can consider antiviral treatment on the basis of clinical judgment for previously healthy outpatients with confirmed or suspected influenza, even if they are not considered high risk , if treatment can be initiated within 48 hours of illness onset. (medscape.com)
  • Influenza A (H3N2)-predominant seasons often are associated with more severe illness, especially in young children and older adults. (medscape.com)
  • Overall, influenza activity during the 1996-97 season in Oceania was predominantly associated with influenza A(H3N2). (cdc.gov)
  • So far, H3N2 and influenza B Victoria strains are circulating at similar levels this season. (umn.edu)
  • An early-onset, severe form of influenza A (H3N2) made headlines when it claimed the lives of several children in the United States in late 2003. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Not surprisingly, I've been inundated with emails and calls about the H3N2 canine influenza outbreak that's ongoing in the US. (wormsandgermsblog.com)
  • since 1968, most seasonal influenza epidemics have been caused by H3N2 (an influenza A virus). (msdmanuals.com)
  • The sharp rise in influenza-associated acute respiratory illnesses that occurs during annual seasonal epidemics results in increased numbers of visits to physicians' offices, walk-in clinics, and emergency departments. (cdc.gov)
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) has expressed concern over the possibility of the avian influenza epidemics in Asia evolving into a human influenza pandemic. (getforme.com)
  • bacterial and virus co-infection during seasonal influenza epidemics are commonly associated with increase hospital admissions, severe disease and deaths. (jcvi.org)
  • Highly pathogenic influenza A virus H5 subtype remains a risk for transmission in humans. (mdpi.com)
  • Type B influenza is normally found only in humans, and type C is mostly found in humans, but has also been found in pigs and dogs. (bcm.edu)
  • More generally, this is just another reason for urgent investment in human and animal surveillance for influenza and other zoonotic diseases (a zoonotic disease is one humans get from animals). (scienceblogs.com)
  • This is because simultaneous infection with an avian influenza virus and a human influenza virus could lead to the emergence of a new influenza virus that is potentially highly contagious to humans. (anses.fr)
  • Tens of millions of birds died of influenza and hundreds of millions were culled to protect humans. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Influenza A virus is a highly infectious upper respiratory tract disease in humans and animals caused by a negative-sense segmented RNA virus. (jcvi.org)
  • Laboratory-confirmed infection with influenza in humans is reportable to the Alaska Section of Epidemiology (SOE). (alaska.gov)
  • The influenza virus , which has long plagued the poultry industry, is now also increasingly recognized as a potential public health issue. (earth.com)
  • The U.S. Department of Agriculture reported that avian influenza (bird flu), which is deadly to commercial poultry, was confirmed in a flock of 47,300 turkeys in Jerauld County of South Dakota last Wednesday, Oct. 4, 2023, and at a farm with 141,800 birds in Sanpete County of Utah last Friday, Oct. 6. (fox2now.com)
  • The detection of influenza A(H5) virus in nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal samples collected from individuals in close contact with infected poultry or other birds, whether the individuals are symptomatic or not, is not unexpected. (who.int)
  • WHO and NREVSS collaborating laboratories located in all 50 states and Washington D.C. report to CDC the number of respiratory specimens tested for influenza and the number positive by influenza type and subtype. (cdc.gov)
  • So, for example, a virus with version 1 of the HA protein and version 2 of the NA protein would be called influenza A subtype H1N2 (A H1N2, for short). (bcm.edu)
  • Equine influenza virus (EIV) undergoes continuous antigenic drift, and vaccine protection from immunogenic stimulation is maximised when vaccines strains have greater homogeneity to circulating strains. (wikipedia.org)
  • In week 44, 37 laboratory detections of influenza were reported (18 influenza A and 19 influenza B). Two of the influenza detections are known to be associated with recent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) receipt and 22 are suspected to be associated with recent LAIV receipt. (canada.ca)
  • For more information, refer to the Canadian Immunization Guide Chapter on Influenza and Statement on Seasonal Influenza Vaccine for 2021-2022 (Section IV.2). (canada.ca)
  • An annual flu vaccine is the best way to protect against influenza and its potentially serious complications. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Influenza virus vaccine generated a good humoral response in rheumatoid patients, although lower than in healthy controls. (bmj.com)
  • In addition to these concerns over the safety of the influenza vaccine in rheumatoid arthritis, there is uncertainty about the immunogenicity of vaccines in immunocompromised patients such as rheumatoid patients. (bmj.com)
  • However, development of pandemic influenza vaccine could take about 4 to 6 months. (getforme.com)
  • The influenza vaccine should be given annually to everyone aged ≥ 6 months who does not have a contraindication. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The Threat of Pandemic Influenza: Are We Ready? (nationalacademies.org)
  • Being aware of the threat of pandemic influenza is one of the key steps in improving our readiness. (getforme.com)
  • Regional and international tools and frameworks have been implemented to address the threat of pandemic influenza and other emerging diseases. (who.int)
  • Typical features of influenza include abrupt onset of fever and respiratory symptoms such as cough (usually nonproductive), sore throat, and coryza, as well as systemic symptoms such as headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. (cdc.gov)
  • An 1872 report on equine influenza describes the disease as: "An epizootic specific fever of a very debilitating type, with inflammation of the respiratory mucous membrane, and less frequently of other organs, having an average duration of ten to fifteen days, and not conferring immunity from a second attack in subsequent epizootics. (wikipedia.org)
  • The influenza virus causes symptoms by replicating within respiratory epithelial cells, resulting in destruction of tracheal and bronchial epithelium and cilia. (wikipedia.org)
  • This weekly report provides a current epidemiological update on the intensity and severity of respiratory activity in Manitoba including laboratory confirmed activity of both COVID-19 and seasonal influenza. (gov.mb.ca)
  • Of the 9,154 specimens tested by U.S. World Health Organization (WHO) and National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS) collaborating laboratories and reported to CDC/Influenza Division, 2,866 (31.3%) were positive for influenza. (cdc.gov)
  • Week 15 ending April 13, 2013 Corporate Authors(s) : National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (U.S.). Influenza Division. (cdc.gov)
  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) season is ongoing and we have noticed sporadic cases of influenza. (iafrica.com)
  • Influenza vaccination is therefore strongly encouraged for all high-risk groups (healthcare workers in the workplace, people age 65 and older, women who are pregnant and individuals with co-morbidities such as heart disease, high blood pressure, chronic respiratory diseases, cancer and diabetes)", stresses Dr Sibongile Walaza, Medical Epidemiologist at the Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis. (iafrica.com)
  • The spokesman advised travellers, especially those returning from avian influenza-affected areas and provinces with fever or respiratory symptoms, to immediately wear masks, seek medical attention and reveal their travel history to doctors. (gov.hk)
  • Week 18 ending May 9, 2015 Corporate Authors(s) : National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (U.S.). Influenza Division. (cdc.gov)
  • (La Jolla, California)-May 26, 2020- Scientists from the J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile examined changes in the upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiome during an influenza A virus (IAV) infection. (jcvi.org)
  • The complete results, Microbiome disturbance and resilience dynamics of the upper respiratory tract during influenza A virus infection , are published in the journal Nature Communications . (jcvi.org)
  • Their efficacy in patients with influenza viral pneumonia or severe influenza is unknown. (medscape.com)
  • Most deaths were caused by severe viral pneumonia: unlike seasonal influenza, the pandemic virus directly attacked the lungs in severe cases. (who.int)
  • We found that the Eurasian-origin gene segments contributed to efficient RD transmission of the pH1N1 virus likely by modulating the release of influenza viral RNA-containing particles into the air. (cdc.gov)
  • Our studies demonstrate that the release of influenza viral RNA-containing particles into the air correlates with increased NA activity. (cdc.gov)
  • Until the early 1930s influenza was thought by most scientists to be a bacterial rather than a viral disease. (historylink.org)
  • Hemagglutinin (H) is a glycoprotein on the influenza viral surface that allows the virus to bind to cellular sialic acid and fuse with the host cell membrane. (msdmanuals.com)
  • And so we do quite a bit of surveillance in birds, in pigs, and even some pets, like dogs and cats, and other companion animals, like horses, and all of those animals have their own variety of influenza species. (cdc.gov)
  • Todd Davis] So, I have to go back in history a little bit to explain what we know about influenza virus circulation in birds, and even a little bit in cats. (cdc.gov)
  • Pigs and birds are natural reservoirs for influenza virus, but we haven't looked very hard in other species, especially livestock. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Human cases of avian influenza are usually associated with direct or indirect exposure to live or dead infected birds or their contaminated environment. (qld.gov.au)
  • Most AI strains are classified as low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) and cause few clinical signs in infected birds. (usgs.gov)
  • Before last week, the only reports of bird flu in recent months in the U.S. in recent months were sporadic appearances in backyard flocks or among wild birds such as ducks, geese and eagles. (fox2now.com)
  • Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and two states reported sporadic influenza activity, and Guam reported no influenza activity. (cdc.gov)
  • Every few decades or so, a new version of the influenza virus emerges in the human population that causes a serious global outbreak of disease called a pandemic . (bcm.edu)
  • SIMCOE, DECEMBER 22, 2014 - The Haldimand-Norfolk Health Unit has reported its first influenza A institutional outbreak for the 2014-2015 influenza season. (hnhu.org)
  • There is a need, therefore, for Singapore to raise our level of preparedness for a influenza pandemic outbreak. (getforme.com)
  • All other surveillance regions reported no influenza/ILI activity ( Figure 1 ). (canada.ca)
  • Flu-Associated Hospitalizations: Since October 1, 2018, 5,791 laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations have been reported through the Influenza Hospitalization Network (FluSurv-NET), a population-based surveillance network for laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations covering approximately 9% of the U.S. This translates to a cumulative overall rate of 20.1 hospitalizations per 100,000 people in the United States. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Locally, enhanced disease surveillance, port health measures and health education against avian influenza are ongoing. (gov.hk)
  • Based on current surveillance results, there has been NO sporadic spread of COVID-19. (rojakpot.com)
  • A weekly surveillance report of seasonal influenza in the US is available at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's FluView . (msdmanuals.com)
  • Overall, the percentage of laboratory tests positive for influenza remains at exceptionally low levels, despite the elevated levels of testing. (canada.ca)
  • Compared to the past six pre-pandemic seasons (2014-2015 to 2019-2020), an average of 4,020 tests were performed for this time period, with an average of 3.7% of tests positive for influenza ( Figure 3 ). (canada.ca)
  • During the October 1996-March 1997 influenza epidemic season, influenza activity was moderate to severe in the Northern Hemisphere. (cdc.gov)
  • According to a prospective cohort study, as many as 1 in 3 children seeking treatment in the ED for influenza-like illnesses (ILI) at the peak of flu season are at high risk of suffering severe complications. (medscape.com)
  • This system tracks weekly counts of laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations and deaths and was implemented on August 30, 2009, during the 2009 pandemic, and ended on April 4, 2010. (cdc.gov)
  • From October 3, 2010 - February 19, 2011, 8,227 laboratory-confirmed influenza associated hospitalizations and 115 laboratory-confirmed influenza associated deaths were reported to CDC. (cdc.gov)
  • In week 44, influenza activity across Canada was exceptionally low with almost all regions reporting no influenza activity. (canada.ca)
  • The proportion of deaths attributed to pneumonia and influenza (P&I) was above the epidemic threshold for the fourth consecutive week. (cdc.gov)
  • Samples tested at the Alaska State Virology Laboratory in Fairbanks are routinely subtyped to determine the strain of influenza virus present. (alaska.gov)
  • Seasonal human influenza causes about 36,000 deaths and 226,000 hospitalizations in the United States annually. (medscape.com)
  • Six influenza-associated pediatric deaths were reported bringing to season total to 41. (cdc.gov)
  • Five pediatric deaths associated with influenza occurred during weeks 50 and 51 and were reported to CDC during week 52, bringing the total to 27. (medscape.com)
  • Cite this: Influenza Continues Unabated in US, Deaths in the Thousands - Medscape - Jan 06, 2020. (medscape.com)
  • The Public Health Agency of Canada states that in the 2013-2014 season, there were 5,284 hospitalizations and 331 confirmed deaths from influenza. (hnhu.org)
  • Since the last update of 26 August 2013, China has reported no new cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus , but reported one death in a previously reported case. (flutrackers.com)
  • As of 7 October 2013, 135 human cases of influenza A(H7N9) virus infection were reported to WHO. (flutrackers.com)
  • The Centre for Health Protection (CHP) of the Department of Health (DH) is closely monitoring, as of yesterday (April 24), two additional human cases of avian influenza A(H7N9) in Jiangxi and Jiangsu according to the latest reports of the Mainland health authority. (gov.hk)
  • In view of human cases of avian influenza A(H7N9) confirmed locally and in the Mainland, further sporadic cases are expected in affected and possibly neighbouring areas. (gov.hk)
  • One was linked to an unsubtyped influenza A virus, and the other was related to an influenza B Victoria-lineage virus. (umn.edu)
  • Since the last risk assessment on 21 May 2021, one new laboratory-confirmed human case of influenza A(H5N6) virus infection was reported from China to WHO on 30 May 2021. (who.int)
  • There is particular pressure to recognize and heed the lessons of past influenza pandemics in the shadow of the worrisome 2003-2004 flu season. (nationalacademies.org)
  • From previous influenza pandemics, we know that a pandemic usually spreads in two or more waves. (getforme.com)
  • Maybe this is just another of the sporadic swine to human cases that have been reported in recent years. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Communication campaigns may help increase public awareness and recognition of avian influenza as a threat to animal and human health, reducing the risk of contact with potentially infected animals. (earth.com)
  • However, WHO is concerned that if new, virulent strains of influenza become as infectious as current seasonal human influenza strains, a human influenza pandemic could ensue. (getforme.com)
  • Information from these notifications is critical to inform risk assessments for influenza at the human-animal interface. (who.int)
  • The novel coronavirus is highly contagious and, unlike influenza or rhinoviruses, SARS-CoV-2 is new. (popsci.com)
  • To assess the efficacy and safety of vaccination against influenza virus in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, with special emphasis on the effect of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), including tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) blockers. (bmj.com)
  • This reluctance is based on sporadic case reports on the onset or exacerbation of the disease following vaccination with influenza, tetanus, hepatitis, and other vaccines. (bmj.com)
  • 4, 5 However, the eventual capacity of influenza vaccination to induce a significant clinical flare of rheumatoid arthritis is still debated. (bmj.com)
  • Sporadic cases of Influenza A and B are being reported. (clickondetroit.com)
  • This week, there were only sporadic laboratory confirmed cases. (gov.mb.ca)
  • The activity level observed nationally was low for both influenza A and B. In week 10, slightly more influenza B cases were reported than influenza A. (gov.mb.ca)
  • Data about COVID-19 and influenza cases are extracted from PHIMS . (gov.mb.ca)
  • CDC received isolates of influenza B virus from sporadic cases each month from March to June. (cdc.gov)
  • In October 2019, Proportion of tested cases for influenza in EMR is 96.2% out of 9,148 enrolled cases, 32.5% of the tested cases is positive and 67.5% is negative. (who.int)
  • However, there are no confirmed cases of influenza A in the general population of Haldimand and Norfolk. (hnhu.org)
  • The fair setting was investigated because during 2005 to 2008, the Center for Disease Control and state and local health partners had identified a number of sporadic cases of swine influenza infection where the infected person had most likely been exposed at a fair or other public setting," said Jeff Bender, director of the International Cooperative Zoonotic Influenza Research Center (ICZIRC) at the University of Minnesota, which is funding the study. (hobbyfarms.com)
  • Provide treatment to identified influenza cases. (getforme.com)
  • See Clinical Presentation for more detailed information on the signs and symptoms of pediatric influenza. (medscape.com)
  • Primary influenza pneumonia manifests with persistent symptoms of cough, sore throat, headache, myalgia, and malaise for more than three to five days. (medscape.com)
  • Clinical judgment, based on the patient's disease severity and progression, age, underlying medical conditions, likelihood of influenza, and time since onset of symptoms, is important when making antiviral treatment decisions. (medscape.com)
  • Swine influenza virus. (medscape.com)
  • The infected pigs were tested as part of a study, "Swine Influenza at State and County Fairs," proposed by Greg Gray, director of the Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases at the University of Iowa, to better understand the spread of influenza in places where pigs and animals converge. (hobbyfarms.com)
  • Equine influenza (horse flu) is the disease caused by strains of influenza A that are enzootic in horse species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Complications of influenza infection include secondary bacterial pneumonia and exacerbation of underlying chronic health conditions. (cdc.gov)
  • Bilateral interstitial infiltrates in a 31-year-old patient with influenza pneumonia. (medscape.com)
  • those weakened by an influenza virus were left more vulnerable to bacterial pneumonia. (historylink.org)
  • Geographically, influenza activity was widespread in Puerto Rico and 45 states, regional in four states (Kansas, Maine, North Dakota, and Vermont), local in the District of Columbia and Hawaii, and sporadic in the US Virgin Islands. (medscape.com)
  • As Influenza is highly virulent and spreads easily from person to person in confined space, each of us can play an important part in limiting its spread by practicing good personal hygiene and exercising responsible social behavior. (getforme.com)
  • In the spring of 2009, a different influenza virus - one that had never been seen before - suddenly appeared. (bcm.edu)