• Indeed, an episode of meningitis may be the presenting problem for a person with an otologic CSF leak. (medscape.com)
  • Otogenic CSF leak secondary to recent surgery or trauma can often be treated conservatively with a compressive dressing and bed rest with head elevation. (medscape.com)
  • Cases included spontaneous CSF leaks ( n = 1), complex traumatic frontoethmoidal fractures with suspected CSF leak ( n = 2), multiloculated congenital or acquired hydrocephalus ( n = 3), intraventricular tumor ( n = 1), suspected postoperative arachnoiditis ( n = 1), complex midline defect ( n = 1), and acquired orbital meningoencephalocele ( n = 1). (ajnr.org)
  • In suspected posttraumatic CSF leaks, the procedure established with precision the place of the leak in 1 patient and excluded it in the other. (ajnr.org)
  • Subsequent CT cisternography demonstrated CSF leak extending into the right pneumatized petrous apex cells, Eustachian tube, middle ear cavity, aditus, antrum and mastoid air cells. (springeropen.com)
  • In this study, we wish to highlight the existence of spontaneous CSF leak as an entity associated with hyper-pneumatized petrous bone and sphenoid sinus. (springeropen.com)
  • Although not a primary treatment for CSF leaks, medication can often be used to decrease the production of spinal fluid. (medscape.com)
  • MR imaging has proved invaluable in anatomic depiction of the CSF spaces and the surrounding neural and non-neural tissue, though there are still some clinical situations (ie, CSF-flow alterations, communicating or noncommunicating cyst masses bordering CSF pathways, or craniospinal CSF leaks) in which further imaging tests may be required for a definitive diagnosis. (ajnr.org)
  • Various contributory factors are attributed to formation of spontaneous CSF leaks such as idiopathic intracranial hypertension leading to prominent arachnoid granulations. (springeropen.com)
  • This case report highlights two cases of spontaneous CSF leaks associated with hyper-pneumatized petrous bone and sphenoid sinus. (springeropen.com)
  • Hyper-pneumatized petrous bone and paranasal sinuses can be attributed as a risk factor for formation of spontaneous CSF leaks. (springeropen.com)
  • Spontaneous CSF leaks may arise from defects in the skull base, in relation to the Tegmen tympani, Tegmen mastoideum, sigmoid sinus and posterior semicircular canal. (springeropen.com)
  • Leaks in these locations cause indirect CSF rhinorrhoea implying a communication of the subarachnoid space with the middle ear cavity. (springeropen.com)
  • Conservative management includes watchful waiting, as some minor CSF leaks often stop spontaneously. (wikipedia.org)
  • Object Thinning of the tegmen tympani and mastoideum components of the temporal bone may predispose to the development of meningoencephaloceles and spontaneous CSF leaks. (medscape.com)
  • Twenty-two CSF leaks (96%) were successfully repaired at the first attempt (average follow-up 10.4 months). (medscape.com)
  • Conclusions Among all etiologies for CSF leaks, those occurring spontaneously have the highest rate of recurrence. (medscape.com)
  • Several mechanisms have been proposed for thinning of the tegmen cortex of the temporal bone and the resultant CSF leaks. (medscape.com)
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulas are classified based on their etiology into congenital and acquired fistulas. (springeropen.com)
  • CSF rhinorrhoea may be spontaneous, traumatic, or congenital. (wikipedia.org)
  • CSF rhinorrhoea may be caused by the growth of certain cancers (such as pituitary adenoma),[citation needed] congenital problems with bones of the skull, or inflammation that damages the bones of the skull. (wikipedia.org)
  • Spontaneous nontraumatic pneumocephalus is a rare condition, and its etiologies include bone defect, congenital malformation, tumor, and infection [ 1 ]. (encephalitisjournal.org)
  • Additionally, a suspicious focal dehiscence was observed in the right cribriform plate CSF pockets herniating into right ethmoid sinus. (springeropen.com)
  • Traumatic CSF rhinorrhoea is the most common type of CSF rhinorrhoea. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea (CSF rhinorrhoea) refers to the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose (rhinorrhoea). (wikipedia.org)
  • Spontaneous CSF rhinorrhoea is the most common acquired defect in the skull base bones (anterior cranial fossa) causing spontaneous nasal liquorrhea. (wikipedia.org)
  • CSF rhinorrhoea may be a sign of a basilar skull fracture. (wikipedia.org)
  • CSF rhinorrhoea may be a complication of neurosurgery, such as functional endoscopic sinus surgery, and hypophysectomy (partial or complete removal of the pituitary gland). (wikipedia.org)
  • Beta-2 transferrin has a high positive predictive value of CSF rhinorrhoea. (wikipedia.org)
  • Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) though the ear structures is a rare but potentially life-threatening situation that requires rapid intervention. (medscape.com)
  • Even though a leakage of CSF is occurring through otologic structures, actual leakage of the fluid from the ear is not always present. (medscape.com)
  • 3 , 4 Despite good anatomic demonstration of brain and spine tissue and CSF, there are still a number of pathologic conditions in which CSF contrast enhancement may be beneficial, including assessment of continuity and outline of subarachnoid spaces, abnormal CSF collections and leakage, arachnoid cysts, 5 or as a means to study CSF dynamics. (ajnr.org)
  • As per these, the patient manifests symptoms of high intracranial tension, but there is no neurodeficit, or high opening cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure on lumbar tap. (jpgo.org)
  • Further, presence of hyper-pneumatized paranasal sinuses or the skull base weakens the bone and predisposes to development of spontaneous defects and further fistulas. (springeropen.com)
  • 30 kg/m 2 , preoperative imaging demonstrating additional cranial base cortical defects (that is, contralateral tegmen or anterior cranial base) and/or an empty sella turcica, and any history of an event that leads to inflammation of the arachnoid granulations and impairment of CSF absorption (that is, meningitis, intracranial hemorrhage, significant closed head injury, and so forth). (medscape.com)
  • Other signs of a basilar skull fracture include CSF otorrhoea (drainage of CSF through the ear). (wikipedia.org)
  • Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulas occur due to various reasons other than well-identified causes such as trauma, neoplasia or infection. (springeropen.com)
  • A retrospective study by Oh et al indicated that an association exists between CSF otorrhea and superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD), finding that 21% of patients with CSF otorrhea had concurrent SSCD, compared with just 2% of controls. (medscape.com)
  • Measures of CSF components, such as glucose, have been used in the past, but are neither sensitive nor specific. (wikipedia.org)
  • Complex CSF diseases may be underdiagnosed or poorly understood on conventional CT or MR imaging. (ajnr.org)
  • We report our experience with the intrathecal use of Gd-DTPA for MR cisternography and ventriculography in pediatric patients referred for study and treatment of complex CSF-related diseases. (ajnr.org)
  • In the other 3 patients with complex CSF-related diseases, the procedure showed distinctive radiologic findings for the understanding and treatment of the disease. (ajnr.org)
  • Testing for beta2 transferrin, a substance found only in CSF, may identify the true nature of the substance with a greater degree of certainty. (medscape.com)
  • E. cloacae was isolated from both blood and otorrhea cultures, and the patient was successfully treated with intravenous ceftazidime for 3 weeks. (encephalitisjournal.org)
  • Both the blood and CSF culture may be negative due to use of previous antibiotics but it should be routinely done. (arquivosdeorl.org.br)
  • Several studies in animal models reported the benefits of intrathecal gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging for the study of CSF pathway disorders and outlined the tolerance and dose limits. (ajnr.org)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea" by people in UAMS Profiles by year, and whether "Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uams.edu)
  • The subject of CSF otorrhea covers a broad range of potential pathologies. (medscape.com)
  • 9 - 11 Data from acute and subacute physiologic and neurohistologic studies of the central nervous system provided evidence that when intrathecal gadolinium was used in doses sufficient to improve MR imaging of the CSF compartment, it was likely to be accompanied by a low incidence of acute changes in neural function or structure. (ajnr.org)