Spindle chromosomes nucleation of microtubule. Medical search. Frequent questions

Remarkably, despite the high turnover of microtubules throughout mitosis 2 , the spindle maintains its bipolar structure with the chromosomes at its center and two poles that are separated by the plane of cell division. (nature.com)
Indeed, that such forces exist in C. elegans is evidenced by the maintenance of half-spindle lengths throughout mitosis 5 and in many perturbations experiments. (nature.com)
It is referred to as the mitotic spindle during mitosis, a process that produces genetically identical daughter cells, or the meiotic spindle during meiosis, a process that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. (wikipedia.org)
In fungi, spindles form between spindle pole bodies embedded in the nuclear envelope, which does not break down during mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
During mitosis, chromosomes are connected to a microtubule-based spindle. (ens-lyon.fr)
Conversely, we identify a novel role for two microtubule-growth and nucleation agents, Ran and CLASP, in the establishment of the centrosome-independent force during anaphase.Their involvement raises the interesting possibility that microtubule polymerization of midzone microtubules is continuously required to sustain chromosome segregation during mitosis. (ens-lyon.fr)
Moreover, the implication that the active form of Ran is concentrated in the vicinity of chromosomes suggests that these findings may resolve the long-standing question of how chromosomes can influence spindle assembly in the absence of microtubule-nucleating organelles (i.e., as in plant mitosis or mammalian meiosis). (silverchair.com)
Acentrosomal asters are small populations of microtubules that are nucleated on or around the condensed chromosomes at the beginning of mitosis. (radikes.com)
In addition, these drugs are known to induce serious side effects due to inhibition of mitosis in other proliferating cells (mainly bone marrow and gut) as well as inhibition of other microtubules-dependent functions, such as neuronal processes [ 18 , 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Taken?together, the info shows that mitotic spindle flaws in cKO progenitors aren't catastrophic by itself, but efficiently cause cell routine arrest and apoptotic cell loss of life upon conclusion of mitosis. (climat2050.org)
2018). Prior to mitosis, the nucleus migrates apically and mitotic chromosome segregation occurs near AZD-4320 the apical surface. (climat2050.org)
2009). Chromator is required for proper microtubule spindle formation and mitosis in Drosophila . (up.pt)
Using a specialized microscope equipped with a time-lapse camera to image fluorescence-tagged proteins in real-time, an NIH-funded team has captured a critical step in the process of cell division, or mitosis: how filaments called microtubules (red) form new branches (green) and fan out to form mitotic spindles. (nih.gov)
It play important role in chromosome movement during mitosis. (microbiologynotes.org)
This stage of mitosis is also an important one given that it's the stage at which the chromosomes start aligning at the central part of the cell so that they can be divided. (microscopemaster.com)
At the onset of mitosis, centrosomes become the core structures of spindle poles and direct the formation of mitotic spindles. (biomedcentral.com)
In early mitosis, the cohesion between the two pairs of centrioles is broken and each of them participates in the formation of the mitotic spindle pole. (biomedcentral.com)
During mitosis the two centrosomes are present and form the mitotic spindle poles. (biomedcentral.com)

The mitotic spindle ensures the faithful segregation of chromosomes. (nature.com)
The mitotic spindle is a dynamic microtubule-based apparatus that ensures the segregation of chromosomes during cell division. (nature.com)
bipolar attachment of sister kinetochores to microtubules emanating from opposite cell poles couples opposing tension forces, aligning chromosomes at the cell equator and poising them for segregation to daughter cells. (wikipedia.org)
Stable spindle poles are important for accurate chromosome segregation. (bvsalud.org)
As each pole of the spindle is organized by a centrosome, defects in centriole duplication can disrupt spindle bipolarity and chromosome segregation, leading to genome instability. (nih.gov)
This protein may have a role in efficient chromosome congression and segregation by promoting microtubule-dependent microtubule amplification. (nih.gov)
Cytoskeletal microtubules ( MT s) have a multitude of functions including intracellular distribution of molecules and organelles, cell morphogenesis, as well as segregation of the genetic material and separation of the cytoplasm during cell division among eukaryotic organisms. (nsf.gov)
In the meiosis of many species, the process of chromosome segregation requires that bipolar spindles be formed without the aid of dedicated microtubule organizing centers, such as centrosomes. (nsf.gov)

If the role of KMTs is to mediate forces between chromosomes and spindle poles, they need to somehow connect to the centrosomes. (nature.com)
Once every chromosome is bi-oriented, anaphase commences and cohesin, which couples sister chromatids, is severed, permitting the transit of the sister chromatids to opposite poles. (wikipedia.org)
The cellular spindle apparatus includes the spindle microtubules, associated proteins, which include kinesin and dynein molecular motors, condensed chromosomes, and any centrosomes or asters that may be present at the spindle poles depending on the cell type. (wikipedia.org)
At the pointed ends, known as spindle poles, microtubules are nucleated by the centrosomes in most animal cells. (wikipedia.org)
Acentrosomal or anastral spindles lack centrosomes or asters at the spindle poles, respectively, and occur for example during female meiosis in most animals. (wikipedia.org)
Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) associate with microtubules at the midzone and the spindle poles to regulate their dynamics. (wikipedia.org)
Current models propose that displacement of the spindle poles and/or the activity of kinetochore microtubules generate mechanical forces that segregate sister chromatids. (ens-lyon.fr)
Acentriolar microtubule-organizing centers (aMTOCs) undergo fragmentation and reaggregation to form spindle poles. (bvsalud.org)
1) microtubules that project from the spindle poles and attach to chromosomes, promoting the directed movement of chromosomes towards the spindle poles and (2) pairs of microtubules projecting from opposite poles which undergo anti-parallel sliding and drives spindle elongation. (monbug.ca)
All microtubules are assembled at nucleation sites containing γ-tubulin, an evolutionarily conserved microtubule nucleator, located at the spindle poles. (monbug.ca)
After nuclear envelope breakdown, kinetochore fibers are assembled and unified into the spindle apparatus with convergent poles. (nsf.gov)

In all spindles, the microtubule cytoskeleton connects to chromosomes via a special class of microtubules called kinetochore microtubules (KMTs). (nature.com)
Cell growth, division, and motility are highly dependent upon an organized and dynamic microtubule cytoskeleton. (nih.gov)
The microtubule cytoskeleton is critical for muscle cell differentiation and undergoes reorganisation into an array of paraxial microtubules, which serves as template for contractile sarcomere formation. (elifesciences.org)
Eukaryotic cells rely on de novo nucleation mechanisms to generate actin filaments in order to elicit spatial and temporal remodeling of their actin cytoskeleton. (biomedcentral.com)

While our light microscopy and mutant studies show that microtubules are nucleated from the centrosomes, we find only a few KMTs directly connected to the centrosomes. (nature.com)
In toto , our results show that the connection between centrosomes and chromosomes is mediated by an anchoring into the entire spindle network and that any direct connections through KMTs are few and likely very transient. (nature.com)
Our results strongly suggest that an outward forcegenerated by the spindle midzone, independently of centrosomes, is sufficient tosegregate chromosomes in mitotic cells. (ens-lyon.fr)
Since the nucleation and anchoring of microtubules is executed by the PCM, the microtubule-organizing capacity of centrosomes can be adjusted by controlling PCM levels. (nih.gov)
Centrosomes are the major microtubule organizing structures in vertebrate cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In animal cells, centrosomes represent the major microtubule-organizing structures (MTOC). (biomedcentral.com)

Besides chromosomes, the spindle apparatus is composed of hundreds of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
The growing ends of microtubules are protected against catastrophe by the action of plus-end microtubule tracking proteins (+TIPs) to promote their association with kinetochores at the midzone. (wikipedia.org)
CLIP-associated proteins like CLASP1 in humans have also been shown to localize to plus-ends and the outer kinetochore as well as to modulate the dynamics of kinetochore microtubules (Maiato 2003). (wikipedia.org)
Opposing the action of these microtubule-stabilizing proteins are a number of microtubule-depolymerizing factors which permit the dynamic remodeling of the mitotic spindle to promote chromosome congression and attainment of bipolarity. (wikipedia.org)
The kinesin-13 superfamily of MAPs contains a class of plus-end-directed motor proteins with associated microtubule depolymerization activity including the well-studied mammalian MCAK and Xenopus XKCM1. (wikipedia.org)
These proteins harness the energy of ATP hydrolysis to induce destabilizing conformational changes in protofilament structure that cause kinesin release and microtubule depolymerization. (wikipedia.org)
Instead, Ran and its associated proteins shift their focus from nuclear transport to the regulation of microtubule dynamics. (silverchair.com)
Assembly required MAPs (microtubule associated proteins) which stabilize the microtubule. (microbiologynotes.org)
Tau family of proteins MAP-2 and MAP-4 having positively charged amino acids which binds to negative charged tubulin surface and stabilize the microtubule. (microbiologynotes.org)
A family of microtubule-associated proteins (or 'MAPs' for short) bind to microtubules and assist in organising the filaments, but it is not clear how they work. (elifesciences.org)
The experiments also found that oMAP4 can create links between different microtubules and act as a brake to prevent the filaments being moved excessively by motor proteins. (elifesciences.org)
While plants employ some evolutionarily conserved proteins to regulate spindle morphogenesis and remodeling, many essential spindle assembly factors found in vertebrates are either missing or not required for producing the plant bipolar microtubule array. (nsf.gov)
Plants also produce proteins distantly related to their fungal and animal counterparts to regulate critical events such as the spindle assembly checkpoint. (nsf.gov)
Uncovering mitotic functions of novel proteins for spindle assembly in plants will illuminate both common and divergent mechanisms employed by different eukaryotic organisms to segregate genetic materials. (nsf.gov)
It is intriguing what proteins are associated with plant‐specific MTOC s and how plant cells activate or inactivate MT nucleation activities in spatiotemporally regulated manners. (nsf.gov)
The PCM is an ordered lattice that anchors a large number of microtubule (MT)-associated proteins, many of which bear putative coiled-coil domains, a tertiary structure known to facilitate protein-protein interactions [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Formins are multidomain proteins defined by a conserved FH2 (formin homology 2) domain with actin nucleation activity preceded by a proline-rich FH1 (formin homology 1) domain. (biomedcentral.com)
In vitro, the FH2 domain competes with barbed-end capping proteins and is necessary and sufficient to nucleate actin polymerization, but the FH1 domain, which interacts with profilin-actin, funnels actin to the nucleation vicinity and confers full activity to the molecule [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In the case of chromosomal origin, microtubules instead nucleate around chromosomes and only later attach to kinetochores, as observed in Xenopus cell-free extracts 13 . (nature.com)
Attachment of microtubules to chromosomes is mediated by kinetochores, which actively monitor spindle formation and prevent premature anaphase onset. (wikipedia.org)
CLIP170 was shown to localize near microtubule plus-ends in HeLa cells and to accumulate in kinetochores during prometaphase. (wikipedia.org)
MCAK localizes to the growing tips of microtubules at kinetochores where it can trigger catastrophe in direct competition with stabilizing +TIP activity. (wikipedia.org)
As they extend, some of the microtubules also attach and connect to the chromosomes at kinetochores allowing the separation to begin. (microscopemaster.com)
Such dynamism is essential for assembling and positioning the bipolar spindle, searching for and docking with kinetochores, congressing and segregating chromosomes, and governing the spindle checkpoint [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

We classify them as kinetochore (KMTs), spindle (SMTs) or astral microtubules (AMTs) according to their positions, and quantify distinct properties of each class. (nature.com)

Within the cell, the arrangement of microtubules is controlled by a variety of discreet microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs), but in most cells, the dominant MTOC is the centrosome, a bipartite structure consisting of a central pair of barrel-shaped centrioles and a surrounding matrix of pericentriolar material (PCM). (nih.gov)
Gamma-tubulin complexes and their interaction with microtubule-organizing centers. (nih.gov)
In contrast to well-studied fungal and animal cells, plant cells assemble bipolar spindles that exhibit a great deal of plasticity in the absence of structurally defined microtubule-organizing centers like the centrosome. (nsf.gov)
Although many key factors contributing to MT nucleation and organization are well conserved in different kingdoms, the centrosome, representing the most prominent microtubule organizing centers ( MTOC s), disappeared during plant evolution as angiosperms lack the structure. (nsf.gov)
In higher plants, microtubule organizing centers (centrosome) is absent. (microscopemaster.com)

Indeed, by quantitatively analysing several models of microtubule growth, we conclude that minus-ends of KMTs have selectively detached and depolymerized from the centrosome. (nature.com)
Second, we seek to understand how centrosome size and microtubule-organizing activity are controlled. (nih.gov)
Predicted to be active in centrosome and equatorial microtubule organizing center. (nih.gov)
Here, centrioles, contained in the centrosome , are responsible for the production of microtubules that form the central fibers. (microscopemaster.com)

At the cell equator, these factors stimulate the recruitment of formins which in turn results in the nucleation of actin filaments as well as myosin localization. (microscopemaster.com)
The microtubules and actin filaments within the phragmoplast serve to guide vesicles with cell wall material to the growing cell plate. (sciforums.com)

icrotubules are filamentous polymers with a defined polarity that can be arranged to form a variety of structures including bipolar spindles, radial arrays, and the axonems of cilia. (nih.gov)
PIP4KIIγ accumulates at the spindle pole before anaphase, and is required for the assembly of functional bipolar spindles. (biomedcentral.com)

I was interested in determining if the mitotic kinesins and dynein played a role in nucleation, stabilization and/or organization of the acentrosomal asters. (radikes.com)
Dynein is the sole processive minus-end-directed microtubule motor found in animals. (biologists.com)
Together with dynactin, dynein regulates centrosomal orientation to establish and maintain cell polarity, controls focal adhesion turnover and anchors microtubules at the leading edge. (biologists.com)
Most notably, oMAP4 is required for paraxial microtubule organisation in muscle cells and prevents dynein- and kinesin-driven microtubule-microtubule sliding. (elifesciences.org)
We propose a model in which the cooperation of dynein-mediated microtubule transport and oMAP4-mediated zippering of microtubules drives formation of a paraxial microtubule array that provides critical support for the polarisation and elongation of myotubes. (elifesciences.org)

In this instance, a Ran GTP gradient is the main regulator of spindle microtubule organization and assembly. (wikipedia.org)
Recent findings by several groups have shown that the GTP-bound form of Ran is necessary for the nucleation and organization of microtubule structures during M phase. (silverchair.com)
I found motors that seemed to affect microtubule nucleation or stabilization, microtubule polymerization, and microtubule organization. (radikes.com)

In the wide middle portion, known as the spindle midzone, antiparallel microtubules are bundled by kinesins. (wikipedia.org)
The dynamic lengthening and shortening of spindle microtubules, through a process known as dynamic instability determines to a large extent the shape of the mitotic spindle and promotes the proper alignment of chromosomes at the spindle midzone. (wikipedia.org)
Using mutant and RNAi analysis, we show that the microtubule-bundling protein SPD-1/MAP-65 and BMK-1/kinesin-5 act as a brake opposing the force generated by the spindle midzone. (ens-lyon.fr)

The augmin complex plays a role in microtubule attachment to the kinetochore and central spindle formation. (nih.gov)
These are also known as central spindle and consists of an array of microtubules. (microscopemaster.com)

In budding yeast, single continuous KMTs span the full pole-to-chromosome distance 6 . (nature.com)
This study showed that vitrification may reduce microtubule density by decreasing perichromosomal Ran levels, which reduced the localization of pKIF11, thereby decreased the fragmentation of aMTOCs and formed a more focused spindle pole, ultimately resulted in aneuploidy. (bvsalud.org)
This study revealed the mechanism of abnormal spindle pole formation in vitrified oocytes and offered a theoretical support to further improve the quality of vitrified oocytes. (bvsalud.org)
2012). CLASPs prevent irreversible multipolarity by ensuring spindle-pole resistance to traction forces during chromosome alignment . (up.pt)
extra spindle pole bodies like 1, separ. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Depletion of PIP4KIIγ enhanced the spindle pole accumulation of mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK), a microtubule (MT)-depolymerizing kinesin, and resulted in a less stable spindle pole-associated MT. Depletion of MCAK can ameliorate PIP4KIIγ depletion-induced spindle abnormalities. (biomedcentral.com)
Consequently, depletion of PLK1 has been shown to counteract the PIP4KIIγ depletion-induced instability of spindle pole-associated MT and cell resistance to arsenite. (biomedcentral.com)
Our current results imply that PIP4KIIγ may restrain MT depolymerization at the spindle pole through attenuating PLK1-mediated activation of MCAK before anaphase onset. (biomedcentral.com)

In addition to this cell work I learned how to harvest Xenopus laevis extracts, how to deplete key mitotic regulators from the extract and how to induce the formation of spindles in these extracts, in order to probe how key mitotic factors regulate microtubules dynamics and spindle formation. (radikes.com)
Cytoskeletal dynamics and spindle assembly during cell division. (irb.hr)

3.0: hematopoietic cell-specific Lyn substrate 1 (HCLS1), Kelch domain-containing 6 (KLHDC6), sarcoglycan delta (SGCD), KIAA1706 protein (KIAA1706), RNA guanylyltransferase and 5′-phosphatase (RNGTT), chromosome 10 open reading frame 57 (C10orf57), chromosome 9 open reading frame 52 (C9orf52), and plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor (PLAUR). (molvis.org)
chromosome 3 open reading frame 52 [Sou. (gsea-msigdb.org)

In this paper, we set out to identify the cytoskeletal ultrastructure in C. elegans mitotic spindles that underlies this function, and how this ultrastructure is generated, using a combination of large-scale electron tomography, light microscopy and mathematical modelling. (nature.com)
In cell biology, the spindle apparatus is the cytoskeletal structure of eukaryotic cells that forms during cell division to separate sister chromatids between daughter cells. (wikipedia.org)

Plus-end polymerization may be further moderated by the EB1 protein, which directly binds the growing ends of microtubules and coordinates the binding of other +TIPs. (wikipedia.org)

Once they are produced, the array of microtubules extend to different directions within the cytoplasm forming the spindle. (microscopemaster.com)

While some studies attribute the onset of anaphase chromosomes, this is attributed to the activities of the spindle by other studies. (microscopemaster.com)

These data support a model in which Tum/RacGAP, via its interaction with Pbl, provides a critical link between the anaphase microtubule spindle and cytokinetic furrow formation in Drosophila cells. (biologists.com)

Microtubule polymerization and depolymerization dynamic drive chromosome congression. (wikipedia.org)

Abstract Microtubules that assemble the mitotic spindle are generated by centrosomal nucleation, chromatin-mediated nucleation, and nucleation from the surface of other microtubules mediated by the augmin complex. (climat2050.org)
Impairment of centrosomal nucleation in apical progenitors of the developing mouse brain induces p53-dependent apoptosis and causes non-lethal microcephaly. (climat2050.org)
Whether disruption of non-centrosomal nucleation has similar effects is usually unclear. (climat2050.org)
Centrosomal microtubules were proposed to be at the core of these fate decisions, by controlling the distribution of cell fate determinants through correct positioning of the mitotic spindle (Homem et al. (climat2050.org)
It is predicted that MCPH gene mutations may lead to the disease phenotype due to a disturbed mitotic spindle orientation, premature chromosomal condensation, signalling response as a result of damaged DNA, microtubule dynamics, transcriptional control or a few other hidden centrosomal mechanisms that can regulate the number of neurons produced by neuronal precursor cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Provide organisational framework for organelle transport, it support cilia and flagella and form mitotic spindle. (microbiologynotes.org)

The microtubule-associated protein Augmin acts in conjunction with γ-TURC to nucleate new microtubules off of existing microtubules. (wikipedia.org)
In humans, the CRYAA gene encodes a 173 amino acid residue protein by single copy genes located on chromosome 21. (molvis.org)
The microtubule-associated protein EML3 regulates mitotic spindle assembly by recruiting the Augmin complex to spindle microtubules. (nih.gov)
In this study, we identify a previously uncharacterised isoform of microtubule-associated protein MAP4, oMAP4, as a microtubule organising factor that is crucial for myogenesis. (elifesciences.org)
The microtubules in cells that make smaller amounts of this protein were more disorganised, and these cells were unable to fuse with each other to form muscle cells. (elifesciences.org)

Petry and her colleagues initially wanted to know how dividing cells assemble their mitotic spindles, the specialized structures made primarily of stacked microtubules that tether the chromosomes as one cell splits into two. (blogspot.com)
The role of microtubule pivoting in formation of complex structures such as microtubule bundles and mitotic spindles. (irb.hr)

Here, it's worth noting that cytokinesis is a tightly coordinated process that follows the separation of chromosomes. (microscopemaster.com)
For this reason, cytokinesis cannot occur during metaphase and therefore has to wait until the separation of chromosomes start (during anaphase). (microscopemaster.com)
The GAP activity of Tum is required for cytokinesis: in its absence cytokinesis fails early even though Tum is present on microtubules at the cell equator where the furrow should form. (biologists.com)

γ-tubulin is a specialized tubulin variant that assembles into a ring complex called γ-TuRC which nucleates polymerization of α/β tubulin heterodimers into microtubules. (wikipedia.org)
Using a diverse set of quantitative tools, based in single cell and population measurements, we show that g-tubulin plays an unexpected role in orchestrating the formation of anti-parallel microtubules during the assembly of mitotic spindle. (monbug.ca)
We propose a model where Cdk1-dependent phosphorylation of γ-tubulin allows each microtubule to behave independently of its neighbors during spindle assembly. (monbug.ca)
Predicted to enable gamma-tubulin binding activity and microtubule binding activity. (nih.gov)
Microtubule nucleation by γ-tubulin complexes. (nih.gov)
FAM29A promotes microtubule amplification via recruitment of the NEDD1-gamma-tubulin complex to the mitotic spindle. (nih.gov)
Alpha and beta tubulin are heterodimer and arranged in head to tail manner, which provide polarity to microtubule that means, at positive end beta tubulin is exposed and at negative end alpha subunits is exposed. (microbiologynotes.org)
MT ‐dependent MT nucleation is particularly noticeable in plant cells because it accounts for the primary source of MT generation for assembling spindle, phragmoplast, and cortical arrays when the γ‐tubulin ring complex is anchored and activated by the augmin complex. (nsf.gov)

The spindle microtubule (MT) exhibits highly regulated dynamic instability, with frequent polymerization and depolymerization occurring at both the plus and minus ends. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, coordination of MT polymerization/depolymerization at both ends to maintain the size and shape of mitotic spindles is also critical for the proper formation and function of the mitotic spindle. (biomedcentral.com)

In this real-time video, researchers set off some fluorescent fireworks under their microscope lens while making an important basic discovery about how microtubules, the hollow filaments that act as the supportive skeleton of the cell, dynamically assemble during cell division. (blogspot.com)
The video starts with a few individual microtubule filaments (red) growing linearly at one end (green). (blogspot.com)
Within the myoblasts, long filaments called microtubules are arranged in an overlapping linear pattern. (elifesciences.org)
used microscopy to observe the formation of the microtubule filaments in living myoblasts. (elifesciences.org)

Kinesin-13 , it is microtubule depolymerase, no motor activity, it binds with positive end of tubule and trigger depolymerisation, play important role in metaphase to anaphase transition. (microbiologynotes.org)

With the right biochemical prompts, microtubules in the cytoplasm solution begin forming and branching just as they would in an intact frog cell to do their job of forming a spindle. (blogspot.com)
In this particular experimental system, the team led by Sabine Petry at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, studies the dynamics of microtubules in a cell-free extract of cytoplasm taken from the egg of an African clawed frog ( Xenopus laevis ). (nih.gov)
Regardless, it's the separation of chromosomes and the consequent creation of a cleavage furrow between the chromosomes that initiates cytoplasm division. (microscopemaster.com)

Purified oMAP4 aligns dynamic microtubules into antiparallel bundles that withstand motor forces in vitro. (elifesciences.org)

in mammals, CLASP1 and CLASP2 both contribute to proper spindle assembly and microtubule dynamics in anaphase. (wikipedia.org)
Microtubule assembly is catalysed by optimum temperature at 37 o . (microbiologynotes.org)
Plant spindle assembly initiates with microtubule nucleation on the nuclear envelope followed by bipolarization into the prophase spindle. (nsf.gov)
Here, we describe detailed analyses of acentrosomal spindle assembly and disassembly in time-lapse images, from live meiotic cells of Zea mays. (nsf.gov)
In this study, we explored how PIP4KIIγ regulates the assembly of mitotic spindles. (biomedcentral.com)

2010). CLASP1, astrin and Kif2b form a molecular switch that regulates kinetochore-microtubule dynamics to promote mitotic progression and fidelity . (up.pt)

However, studies have shown spindle fibers to originate from a region in the nuclear membrane during the interphase stage. (microscopemaster.com)

The spindle apparatus is vaguely ellipsoid in cross section and tapers at the ends. (wikipedia.org)

1] Branching microtubule nucleation in Xenopus egg extracts mediated by augmin and TPX2 . (blogspot.com)

As the spindle fibers separate the chromosomes, a cleavage furrow is formed between the chromosomes. (microscopemaster.com)
In plants and yeast , position of the cleavage furrow is said to be independent of the mitotic spindle. (microscopemaster.com)
In animal cells, new reports are showing that spindle fibers are responsible for the position of the cleavage furrow. (microscopemaster.com)
2) Cleavage furrow and persistent telophase spindle (e.g. (sciforums.com)

Using a microtubule regrowth assay, I observed the nucleation and formation of acentrosomal asters through immunofluorescence and confocal time-lapse imaging. (radikes.com)

4) Persistent telophase spindle/phragmoplast with cell plate formation (e.g. (sciforums.com)

Recruitment of γ-TuRC to the pericentrosomal region stabilizes microtubule minus-ends and anchors them near the microtubule-organizing center. (wikipedia.org)

The mitotic spindle performs this function in eukaryotic cells. (monbug.ca)

Therefore, the next challenge is to understand how other processes-such as the selective stabilisation of some microtubules and the movement of cell materials along the microtubules-cooperate to control muscle fibre formation. (elifesciences.org)
Although the positioning signal is likely to be transmitted via the anaphase microtubule array to the cell cortex, exactly how the microtubule array determines the site of contractile ring formation remains unresolved. (biologists.com)

In the case of budding yeast, the system is very minimal- one microtubule attaches to each of the 16 duplicated chromosome (32), and 3-4 pairs of anti-parallel microtubules. (monbug.ca)
This continuous branching is interesting because microtubules were generally thought to grow linearly in animal cells (although branching had been observed a few years earlier in fission yeast and plant cells). (blogspot.com)

Anatomy74

Organisms15

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs69

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Phenomena and Processes117

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science5

Health Care2

Mitosis18

Segregation8

Poles11

Cytoskeleton4

Centrosomes6

Proteins18

Kinetochores6

Astral microtubules1

Centers5

Centrosome4

Actin filaments2

Bipolar2

Dynein5

Organization3

Midzone3

Central spindle2

Pole8

Dynamics and spindle2

Open reading2

Cytoskeletal2

Ends of microtubules1

Array of microtubules1

Onset1

Drosophila1

Congression1

Centrosomal5

Form mitotic1

Protein5

Structures2

Cytokinesis3

Tubulin8

Polymerization2

Filaments4

Kinesin1

Cytoplasm3

Antiparallel1

Assembly5

Regulates1

Nuclear1

Apparatus1

Xenopus1

Furrow4

Asters1

Phragmoplast1

Anchors1

Eukaryotic1

Formation2

Yeast2