mitosis
- Spindle assembly required during mitosis depends on microtubule polymerization. (nih.gov)
- 2. Inhibiting metaphase stage of mitosis by interfering with spindle formation. (brainscape.com)
- The centrosome duplicates and, during mitosis, separates to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle (MITOTIC SPINDLE APPARATUS). (bioportfolio.com)
poles
- Centrioles move to opposite poles of cell and spindle fibres are released to form a spindle apparatus . (brainscape.com)
- The mitotic checkpoint prevents a eukaryotic cell from commencing to separate its replicated genome into two daughter cells (anaphase) until all of its chromosomes are properly aligned on the metaphase plate, with the two copies of each chromosome attached to opposite poles of the mitotic spindle. (biomedsearch.com)
- C and G) In wild type, the spindle sets up in the cell center and along the longitudinal axis (C, arrowheads point to spindle poles). (nih.gov)
- The spindle apparatus is anchored to the opposite poles of the cell and determines the position of the future cleavage site in the middle of the cell, where a contractile protein ring is assembled. (uni-muenchen.de)
- The inhibitory signal is known to originate from the so-called astral microtubules, which project to the cell poles from the spindle apparatus. (uni-muenchen.de)
- The two asters are the poles of the spindle apparatus. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The two asters are the poles of the mitotic spindle . (thefreedictionary.com)
- and a set of sister chromatids moved into the multiple centrosomes during anaphase A. We further noted that the pair of spindle poles in anaphase were located in close proximity to each other, probably because of the lack of outward movement of spindle poles during anaphase B. Thus, the reassembling nuclear envelope may enclose all the sister chromatids in a single nucleus at anaphase and then skip telophase and cytokinesis. (nih.gov)
- Anticentriole antibody (Fig. 3 A, c) and anti-α-tubulin antibody (Fig. 3 A, b) stainings confirmed that multiple mitotic spindle poles were formed and assembled outside the nucleus in a megakaryocyte in prophase, as described above. (nih.gov)
mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint
- MAD1L1 is a component of the mitotic spindle-assembly checkpoint that prevents the onset of anaphase until all chromosome are properly aligned at the metaphase plate. (cancerindex.org)
- In-silico modeling of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint. (nih.gov)
- The Mitotic Spindle Assembly Checkpoint ((M)SAC) is an evolutionary conserved mechanism that ensures the correct segregation of chromosomes by restraining cell cycle progression from entering anaphase until all chromosomes have made proper bipolar attachments to the mitotic spindle. (nih.gov)
anaphase
- The mitotic checkpoint is also curious in the sense that, before metaphase alignment, chromosomes that are not being pulled in opposite directions by the mitotic spindle activate the checkpoint, but during anaphase, these same tensionless chromosomes can no longer activate the checkpoint. (biomedsearch.com)
meiotic spindles
- Roles of polymerization dynamics, opposed motors, and a tensile element in governing the length of Xenopus extract meiotic spindles. (semanticscholar.org)
microtubules
- BuGZ coacervation and its binding to microtubules and tubulin are required to promote assembly of spindle and spindle matrix in Xenopus egg extract and in mammalian cells. (nih.gov)
- The spindle checkpoint ensures the accurate segregation of chromosomes by monitoring the status of kinetochore attachment to microtubules. (nih.gov)
- Chromosomes are segregated by the spindle apparatus, which is made up of fibrous protein structures called microtubules. (uni-muenchen.de)
- Aurora A, which is also present in human cells, is known to play a crucial role in the control of spindle assembly, and is activated on the astral microtubules. (uni-muenchen.de)
- a group of blind-ending SPINDLE MICROTUBULES radiating out from the CENTRIOLES of dividing cells in lower plants and all animals. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The cytoplasmic microtubules that were part of the interphase cytoskeleton disassemble, and the main component of the mitotic apparatus, the mitotic spindle, begins to form (Fig. 3 A, b-d). (nih.gov)
checkpoint
- Simultaneous mutations in one of several kinetochore and cohesion genes and a spindle checkpoint gene cause a synthetic-lethal or synthetic-sick phenotype. (nih.gov)
chromosomes
- Chromosomes are positioned along equator of cell by spindle fibres. (brainscape.com)
- These photos were taken with confocal fluorescence microscopy of eggs stained with special dyes to show the spindles and chromosomes. (advancedfertility.com)
- When the chromosomes line up properly in a straight line on the spindle apparatus in the egg, the division process would be expected to proceed normally so that the egg would end up with its proper complement of 23 chromosomes. (advancedfertility.com)
Centrioles
- Thus, centrioles are not obligatory organelles of the spindle apparatus. (biologists.org)
proteins
- Since several previously identified spindle-associated components also contain low-complexity regions, we propose that coacervating proteins may be a hallmark of proteins that comprise a spindle matrix that functions to promote assembly of spindles by concentrating its building blocks. (nih.gov)
asters
- These fibrillar aggregates, referred to as microtubule foci, form small asters and collectively perform the role of the spindle pole during the two meiotic divisions. (biologists.org)
microtubule polymerization
- Coacervation promotes microtubule bundling and concentrates tubulin, promoting microtubule polymerization and assembly of spindle and spindle matrix by concentrating its building blocks (PubMed:26388440). (genecards.org)
assembly
- Phase transition of spindle-associated protein regulate spindle apparatus assembly. (nih.gov)
- We demonstrate that the evolutionarily conserved low-complexity protein, BuGZ, undergoes phase transition or coacervation to promote assembly of both spindles and their associated components. (nih.gov)
- Mitotic Spindle Assembly: Building the Bridge between Sister K-Fibers. (semanticscholar.org)
- An excellent study published in the medical journal "Human Reproduction" in October of 1996 investigated the influence of maternal age on meiotic spindle assembly in human eggs. (advancedfertility.com)
- Kinetochore- and microtubule-binding protein that plays a key role in spindle assembly (PubMed:24462186, PubMed:24462187, PubMed:26388440). (genecards.org)
bipolar
- B-E. Representative images ( B ) show that xBuGZ depletion reduced astral MT length, bipolar spindle formation and length, which were all rescued by His-xBuGZ. (nih.gov)
BuGZ
- Coacervation in vitro or in spindle and spindle matrix depends on hydrophobic residues in BuGZ. (nih.gov)
cells
- We report here the finding of abnormal Golgi apparatus morphology in motor neuron like cells depleted of SMN as well as Golgi apparatus morphology in SMA patient fibroblasts. (bioportfolio.com)
orientation
- We illustrate how Pitx2 activity directs asymmetrical gonad morphogenesis by controlling mitotic spindle orientation of the developing gonad cortex and how, by modulating cyclinD1 expression during asymmetric ovarian development, Pitx2 appears to control gonad organ size. (biomedsearch.com)
- When dynein heavy chain function was diminished only partially with RNAi, centrosome separation took place, but orientation of the mitotic spindle was defective. (nih.gov)
- CB NB asymmetric divisions occur with a persistent spindle orientation with each new daughter born next to the previous daughter (Akong et al. (nih.gov)
abnormal
- An abnormal spindle can predispose to development of chromosomally abnormal eggs. (advancedfertility.com)
- 17% of the eggs studied from women 20-25 years old were found to have an abnormal spindle appearance and at least one chromosome displaced from proper alignment. (advancedfertility.com)
- However, with a disordered arrangement on an abnormal spindle, the division process may be uneven - resulting in an unbalanced chromosomal situation in the egg. (advancedfertility.com)
Drosophila
- APC2's striking asymmetric localization suggested it helps orient spindles as it does in the Drosophila male germline (Yamashita et al. (nih.gov)
astral
- White dashed lines in B indicate Aurora A spindle length and longest astral MTs measured. (nih.gov)
chromosome
- The meiotic spindle is a critical component of eggs that is involved in organizing the chromosome pairs so that a proper division of the pairs can occur as the egg is developing. (advancedfertility.com)
Structures
- F-H. xBuGZ depletion caused multiple sperm spindle defects ( F ), which was rescued by His-xBuGZ ( G , H ). ~500 ( G ) and ~50 ( H ) structures were analyzed in each experiment and condition. (nih.gov)
signals
- A narrowest signal detector of the apparatus generates a second status signal representing a status of the narrowest pulse width of the first status signals according to the frame clock signal divided by a second predetermined number k, where k is greater than j. (google.se)
- The overrun controller compares the currently counted result with overrun upper limit and lower limit values and generates first and second flag signals braking the rotation of the spindle motor according to the compared result. (google.se)
- an overrun controller for (i) performing one of up-counting, down-counting and holding a previously counted result, according to the frame clock signal divided by the second predetermined number and the second status signals, (ii) comparing the currently counted result with overrun upper limit and lower limit values, and (iii) generating first and second flag signals to brake the rotation of the spindle motor according to the compared result. (google.se)
- To achieve this, the spindle apparatus sends out two signals. (uni-muenchen.de)
matrix
- Chromator, a novel and essential chromodomain protein interacts directly with the putative spindle matrix protein skeletor. (semanticscholar.org)
formation
- The aster function is uncertain, but does not seem to be concerned with spindle formation. (thefreedictionary.com)
motor
- A control apparatus and method for controlling a velocity of a spindle motor included in an optical disk reproducing system to prevent a forward or backward overrun of a spindle motor are disclosed. (google.se)
cell division
- Surprisingly, APCs are not essential for asymmetric cell division or the stereotyped division axis of central brain (CB) neuroblasts, although they do affect cell cycle progression and spindle architecture. (nih.gov)
second
- The spindle apparatus of the second meiotic division appears at the time of ovulation. (wikipedia.org)