- However, the acid has shown excitatory effects on cultured neurons, as well as in a variety of animal models, as it causes several types of limbic seizures and neuronal necrosis. (wikipedia.org)
- The expression of the immediate-early gene c-fos was used as a marker of neuronal activity to investigate the cervical spinal interneuron populations involved in the corticomotoneuronal pathway. (shengsci.com)
- It causes excitotoxicity and is used in neuroscience to selectively destroy neurons in the brain or spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
- Spinal lesions will also be used to localize the spinal trajectory of descending pathways responsible for these effects and to determine the extent to which the complex receptive fields of SMT cells are due to the descending influence of supraspinal structures and/or local circuitry within the spinal cord. (grantome.com)
- In addition to providing a better understanding of the anatomy and physiology of SMT cells, the specific aims of the research outlined above are intended to extend our basic knowledge of sensory mechanisms in the spinal cord and particularly that related to nociception. (grantome.com)
- Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent and poorly managed in spinal cord injury (SCI). (bvsalud.org)
- Background: Individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI) experience high rates of prescription opioid use, yet there is limited data on frequency of opioid use and specific medications being taken. (bvsalud.org)
- Background: Osteoporotic fractures occur in almost half of patients with a spinal cord injury (SCI) and are associated with significant morbidity and excess mortality. (bvsalud.org)
- Sites which bind oxytocin and vasopressin with high affinity were detected in the brain and upper spinal cord of 12 human subjects, using in vitro light microscopic autoradiography. (shengsci.com)
- Previous studies related to the cat SMT have shown this pathway to be made up of a heterogenous population of neurons with varied receptive field and response properties, spinal origins, axonal trajectories and sites of termination. (grantome.com)
- Endogenous amino acids released by neurons as excitatory neurotransmitters. (harvard.edu)
- Quisqualic acid is an agonist of the AMPA, kainate, and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors. (wikipedia.org)
- L - quisqualic acid is a glutamate receptor agonist, acting at AMPA receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptors positively linked to phosphoinositide hydrolysis. (wikipedia.org)
- Aberrant control of motoneuronal excitability in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: excitatory glutamate/D-serine vs. inhibitory glycine/gamma-aminobutanoic acid (GABA). (harvard.edu)
- Since the amino acid that can be isolated from its fruits can nowadays be made in the lab, the plant is mostly cultivated as an ornamental plant. (wikipedia.org)
- It is an organic compound, associated with the class of L - alpha - amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
- Quisqualic acid, which is extracted from the seeds of Quisqualis indica is a strong antagonist of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors. (wikipedia.org)
- Excitatory Amino Acids" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Excitatory Amino Acids" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Excitatory Amino Acids" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Excitatory Amino Acids" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
- A novel multi-target ligand (JM-20) protects mitochondrial integrity, inhibits brain excitatory amino acid release and reduces cerebral ischemia injury in vitro and in vivo. (harvard.edu)
- Effect of propofol on spinal excitatory amino acid accumulation]. (harvard.edu)
- A role for excitatory amino acids in diabetic eye disease. (harvard.edu)
- Biophysical studies using NMR spectroscopy has provided molecular details of how inhaled anesthetics interact with three amino acid residues (G29, A30 and I31) of amyloid beta peptide and induce aggregation. (mdwiki.org)
- Induction of c-fos expression in cervical spinal interneurons after kainate stimulation of the motor cortex in the rat. (shengsci.com)
- Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. (harvard.edu)
- Aspartic acid has been regarded as an excitatory transmitter for many years, but the extent of its role as a transmitter is unclear. (harvard.edu)
- The active compound (quisqualic acid) resembles the action of the anthelmintic α-santonin, so in some countries the seeds of the plants are used to substitute for the drug. (wikipedia.org)
- Research conducted by the USDA Agricultural Research Service, has demonstrated quisqualic acid is also present within the flower petals of zonal geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum) and is responsible for causing rigid paralysis of the Japanese beetle. (wikipedia.org)
- L - quisqualic acid is a glutamate receptor agonist, acting at AMPA receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptors positively linked to phosphoinositide hydrolysis. (wikipedia.org)
- Here we describe the effects of non-NMDA glutamate receptor agonists kainic acid (KA) and quisqualic acid (QUIS) on motor neurons in OTC- SC. (northwestern.edu)
- In hippocampal neurons, both an mGluR antagonist, L-(+)-2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid, and an inhibitor of protein kinase C, GF 109203X, blocked the APPs release evoked by glutamate receptor stimulation. (nih.gov)
- Since the amino acid that can be isolated from its fruits can nowadays be made in the lab, the plant is mostly cultivated as an ornamental plant. (wikipedia.org)
- N -methyl- D -aspartic acid or N -methyl- D -aspartate ( NMDA ) is an amino acid derivative that acts as a specific agonist at the NMDA receptor mimicking the action of glutamate , the neurotransmitter which normally acts at that receptor. (wikipedia.org)
- [2] [3] NMDA is a water-soluble D -alpha-amino acid - an aspartic acid derivative with an N -methyl substituent and D - configuration - found across Animalia from lancelets to mammals . (wikipedia.org)
- Quinolinic acid is a downstream product of the kynurenine pathway , which metabolizes the amino acid tryptophan . (cloudfront.net)
- The pathway is named for the first intermediate, Kynurenine , which is a precursor to kynurenic acid and 3-hydroxykynurenine . (cloudfront.net)
- This pathway is important for its production of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) and produces several neuroactive intermediates including quinolinic acid, kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HANA). (cloudfront.net)
- While quinolinic acid cannot pass the BBB, kynurenic acid, tryptophan and 3-hydroxykynurenine do and subsequently act as precursors to the production of quinolinic acid in the brain. (cloudfront.net)
- Quisqualic acid is an agonist of the AMPA, kainate, and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors. (wikipedia.org)
- The quisqualic acid can be now commercially synthesized, and it functions as an antagonist for its receptor, found in the mammalian central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
- The active compound (quisqualic acid) resembles the action of the anthelmintic α-santonin, so in some countries the seeds of the plants are used to substitute for the drug. (wikipedia.org)
- It is an organic compound, associated with the class of L - alpha - amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
- Being a 3, 5 disubstituted oxadiazole, quisqualic acid is a stable compound. (wikipedia.org)
- In 1962, J.C. Watkins reported synthesizing NMDA, an isomer of the previously known N -Methyl- DL -aspartic-acid (PubChem ID 4376) . (wikipedia.org)
- Studies have demonstrated that quinolinic acid may be involved in many psychiatric disorders , neurodegenerative processes in the brain , as well as other disorders. (cloudfront.net)
- Within the brain, quinolinic acid is only produced by activated microglia and macrophages . (cloudfront.net)
- Lapin followed up this research by demonstrating that quinolinic acid could induce convulsions when injected into mice brain ventricles . (cloudfront.net)
- Research conducted by the USDA Agricultural Research Service, has demonstrated quisqualic acid is also present within the flower petals of zonal geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum) and is responsible for causing rigid paralysis of the Japanese beetle. (wikipedia.org)
- Microglia and macrophages produce the vast majority of quinolinic acid present in the body. (cloudfront.net)
- Brucella abortus has been shown to produce two siderophores: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) and brucebactin. (parp1inhibitor.com)
- [11] While astrocytes do not produce quinolinic acid directly, they do produce KYNA, which when released from the astrocytes can be taken in by migroglia that can in turn increase quinolinic acid production. (cloudfront.net)