AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
Motor NeuronsSpinal CordMotor Neuron DiseaseNeuronsMotor CortexEvoked Potentials, MotorSpinal Cord InjuriesSurvival of Motor Neuron 1 ProteinMotor ActivityMuscular Atrophy, SpinalAmyotrophic Lateral SclerosisNeurons, AfferentAxonsSpinal NervesSurvival of Motor Neuron 2 ProteinSpinal Nerve RootsMolecular Motor ProteinsNerve Tissue ProteinsAction PotentialsElectromyographyAnterior Horn CellsNerve DegenerationElectric StimulationInterneuronsBulbar Palsy, ProgressiveSMN Complex ProteinsMovementMice, TransgenicChick EmbryoDisease Models, AnimalEfferent PathwaysElectrophysiologySynaptic TransmissionLocomotionInjections, SpinalMotor Skills DisordersSpinal Cord DiseasesGanglia, SpinalParalysisAnimals, NewbornNeurofilament ProteinsMuscle, SkeletalLumbosacral RegionSuperoxide DismutaseImmunohistochemistryRats, Sprague-DawleyGrowth ConesDendritesCells, CulturedSynapsesTime FactorsPyramidal TractsGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGanglia, InvertebrateSciatic NerveZebrafishNerve Growth FactorsHindlimbAnesthesia, SpinalReflex, MonosynapticLIM-Homeodomain ProteinsNeuromuscular DiseasesNeuromuscular JunctionNeural PathwaysPsychomotor PerformanceSpineSpinal Cord NeoplasmsBrainNeuropilin-2Neural InhibitionAnalysis of VarianceCell DifferentiationSpinal CanalNeurogenesisSpinal Cord CompressionGreen Fluorescent ProteinsSensory Receptor CellsExtremitiesNeural ConductionMutationCholinergic NeuronsModels, NeurologicalSpinal DiseasesAplysiaMice, Inbred C57BLHomeodomain ProteinsBrain StemSpinal NeoplasmsReaction TimePatch-Clamp TechniquesBehavior, AnimalDopaminergic NeuronsSpinal Muscular Atrophies of ChildhoodCatsNeuronal PlasticityKinesinCerebral CortexAfferent PathwaysPiperoxanEvoked Potentials
Alpha motor nSubtypesDegenerationDiseaseSkeletalMusclesMultiple sclerosisDisordersGroups of motor neuronsDiseasesAmyotrophicBrainstemNervesMiceMouse Model of Spinal MusculaTypes of neuronsSurvivalInterneuronsCervicalNerve cellsCorticalSensory neuronsHumansPremotor cortexPrimary motorMuscular atrophy typeMNDsInnervateBrainSignalsMorphologicalProteinCordsSynapticAxonsMovementCorticospinalLumbarFunctionalPostsynapticGliaHippocampalLateral motor columnSMN1RegulateGeneInterneuron populationsMuscle weaknessNervousResearchersDifferentiationFindings suggestAnteriorPostnatalDysfunctionDorsalStimuliAxon
Alpha motor n4
Subtypes10
  • We know that certain subtypes of these neurons die in these diseases while others are spared, but we don't understand why. (nature.com)
  • What is it about subtypes of these spinal cholinergic neurons that makes them more susceptible or resilient to disease? (nature.com)
  • One of the biggest gaps in knowledge that makes it difficult for us to answer this question has been the field's limited understanding of spinal cholinergic neuron subtypes. (nature.com)
  • With the advent of single cell RNA sequencing technologies, it became possible to ask what subtypes actually exist as defined by their transcriptomes, and how distinct subtypes of these neurons differ from one another. (nature.com)
  • Although much of our goal was to identify more specific markers for cholinergic neuron subtypes involved in disease, we made many other unexpected discoveries along the way. (nature.com)
  • Spinal motor neurons are classified into functional motor neuron types and subtypes based on the muscle fibre type they innervate and they possess distinct morphological as well as electrophysiological properties. (rwth-aachen.de)
  • Also, the different motor neuron subtypes express specific molecular markers and show differential susceptibility towards neurodegenerative diseases. (rwth-aachen.de)
  • Although MN subtypes can be clearly defined by both anatomical distribution and ontogenetic specification, the pattern of trophic factor responsiveness of neurons from the MMC was indistinguishable from that seen in the LMC. (wustl.edu)
  • Zhuang, BQ, Su, YRS & Sockanathan, S 2009, ' FARP1 Promotes the Dendritic Growth of Spinal Motor Neuron Subtypes through Transmembrane Semaphorin6A and PlexinA4 Signaling ', Neuron , vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 359-372. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • So, MMP-9 is not only labeling the most vulnerable groups of motor neurons, it is labeling the most vulnerable subtypes within those groups, as well," said Dr. Spiller. (sciencedaily.com)
Degeneration6
  • It is characterized by pyramidal cell loss in the frontal and temporal lobes and degeneration of motor neurons in the hypoglossal nucleus and spinal motor neurons. (medscape.com)
  • Data now suggest that delocalization, accumulation, and ubiquitination of TDP-43 in the cytoplasm of motor neurons are early dysfunctions in the cascade of the events leading to motor neuron degeneration in ALS. (medscape.com)
  • Phrenic motor neurons are highly resistant to degeneration in ALS and, if preserved, could keep an ALS patient alive. (nature.com)
  • Researchers have identified a gene, called matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), that appears to play a major role in motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), sometimes called Lou Gehrig's disease, is a rapidly progressive, fatal neurological disease caused by degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. (cdc.gov)
  • Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a recessive, autosomal neuromuscular disease characterized by degeneration of anterior horn spinal cord motor cells and brain stem neurons 1-5 . (bvsalud.org)
Disease28
  • Motor neuron disease. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic disease caused by mutation or deletion of the survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. (broadinstitute.org)
  • ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig disease, is the most common neurodegenerative disease of adult onset involving the motor neuron system. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with motor neuron disease (MND) are generally free of cognitive impairment, but evidence is growing to support an association between MND and frontal lobe or frontotemporal dementia (FTD). (medscape.com)
  • Worldwide, frontotemporal lobe dementia with motor neuron disease (FTD/MND) is a sporadic condition with an unknown etiology. (medscape.com)
  • Researchers at the Francis Crick Institute and UCL have shown that hundreds of proteins and mRNA molecules are found in the wrong place in nerve cells affected by Motor Neuron Disease (MND), also known as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). (news-medical.net)
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a fatal motor neuron disease that causes people to gradually lose control of their muscles. (news-medical.net)
  • Research at The University of Queensland could eventually help develop viable treatments - and ultimately a cure - for motor neuron disease (MND). (news-medical.net)
  • Columbia researchers have discovered how a genetic defect leads to spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a critical piece of information about the disease that neurologists have been seeking for decades. (news-medical.net)
  • The research may lead to treatments for motor neuron disease and spinal cord injury. (sci-info-pages.com)
  • Review: neuromuscular synaptic vulnerability in motor neurone disease: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In this review we discuss experimental data from human patients, animal models and in vitro systems showing that neuromuscular synapses are targeted in different forms of motor neurone disease (MND), including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig disease) is the most common form of motor neuron disease. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Spinal muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a childhood form of Motor Neurone Disease. (abdn.ac.uk)
  • The disease is characterised by a loss of motor neurones and resultant muscle weakness and inability to carry out co-ordinated motor tasks including breathing. (abdn.ac.uk)
  • There is an increasing appreciation that this is not a classical motor neurone disease, but rather a systemic disease in which motor neurones are either most vulnerable or that defects in them are most clinically relevant. (abdn.ac.uk)
  • The findings, made in mice, explain why most but not all motor neurons are affected by the disease and identify a potential therapeutic target for this still-incurable neurodegenerative disease. (sciencedaily.com)
  • One of the most striking aspects of ALS is that some motor neurons -- specifically, those that control eye movement and eliminative and sexual functions -- remain relatively unimpaired in the disease," said study leader Christopher E. Henderson, PhD, the Gurewitsch and Vidda Foundation Professor of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, professor of pathology & cell biology and neuroscience (in neurology), and co-director of Columbia's Motor Neuron Center. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In other words, having MMP-9 is an absolute predictor that a motor neuron will die if the disease strikes, at least in mice. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Progressive muscular atrophy (PMA) is a rare adult-onset motor neuron disease. (healthline.com)
  • There's not much recent research on life expectancy for people with PMA, but according to the United Kingdom-based Motor Neurone Disease Association , many people live at least 5 years from the onset of the condition. (healthline.com)
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a rapidly progressive, fatal neurological disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, causing nerves in the muscle to die, thereby affecting voluntary muscle movement. (cdc.gov)
  • Rather than a rapidly lethal disease, SMA type 1, the most severe form with the earliest onset of SMA, has become a disease in which long-term event-free survival with the acquisition of important motor milestones is likely. (dovepress.com)
  • The disease is Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, an incurable disease that affects nerves in the brain and spinal cord. (columbian.com)
  • ALS is a neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. (columbian.com)
  • This disease is caused by viral damage of motor neurons in the spinal cord. (bvsalud.org)
  • We investigate the use of wearable sensors, worn on four limbs at home during natural behavior, to quantify motor function and disease progression in 376 individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (cdc.gov)
  • A better understanding of ALS should lead to earlier detection and treatment, stopping or slowing the disease before patients develop a severe, progressive loss of motor function. (cdc.gov)
Skeletal2
Muscles19
Multiple sclerosis1
Disorders4
  • In addition to providing insight into the development and circuit formation of this critical population of neurons, these results might lead to the future ability to treat motor neuron disorders and spinal cord injuries. (sci-info-pages.com)
  • These findings could have important applications in medicine, by helping develop novel treatments for patients with motor disorders or spinal cord injuries. (earth.com)
  • Motor neuron diseases are a group of disorders characterized by progressive damage to your motor neurons - cells in your nervous system that allow you to perform functions such as speech, breathing, and movement. (healthline.com)
  • The authors elucidate exposure-response relationships between repetitive tasks, inflammation, and motor changes with work-related musculoskeletal disorders. (cdc.gov)
Groups of motor neurons2
  • In addition, groups of motor neurons were partly decoupled from their innervated muscle, such that motor neurons innervating the same muscle did not necessarily receive common inputs. (nih.gov)
  • The study supports the theory that movements are produced through the control of small numbers of groups of motor neurons via common inputs and that there is a partial mismatch between these groups of motor neurons and muscle anatomy. (nih.gov)
Diseases8
Amyotrophic3
Brainstem3
  • A subset of Zic2creER neurons are PSDC neurons that project to brainstem dorsal column nuclei, and chemogenetic activation of Zic2 PSDC neurons increases sensitivity to light touch stimuli. (listlabs.com)
  • Zic2 neurons receive direct input from the cortex and brainstem motor nuclei and are required for corrective motor movements. (listlabs.com)
  • A motor unit comprises a motor neuron in the spinal cord or brainstem together with the squad of muscle fibers it innervates. (medscape.com)
Nerves5
Mice10
  • SMN2 splicing modifiers improve motor function and longevity in mice with spinal muscular atrophy. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Administration of these compounds to Δ7 mice, a model of severe SMA, led to an increase in SMN protein levels, improvement of motor function, and protection of the neuromuscular circuit. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Here, with characterized intrinsic markers targeting vagal sensory, spinal sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic axons, respectively, we comprehensively traced the spatiotemporal development of extrinsic axons to the gut during embryonic development in mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • If these ventral spinocerebellar tract neurons were silenced in freely moving adult mice, the animals could not move properly. (earth.com)
  • Furthermore, if the neurons were activated by light or drugs, they could reliably induce locomotor behavior in juvenile mice. (earth.com)
  • The neurons were taken from normal mice. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The same effect on motor neuron function was seen when MMP-9 was inactivated in SOD1 mutant mice using chemical injections or virally mediated gene therapy. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Base editing rescue of spinal muscular atrophy in cells and in mice. (harvard.edu)
  • We assessed the remodeling of these motor tracts and the functioning of an impaired forelimb following a unilateral injury in the motor cortex of PirB −/− mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • We found that activation of EGL-30 in aged worms triples memory span, and GNAQ gain of function significantly improved memory in aged mice: GNAQ(gf) in hippocampal neurons of 24-month-old mice (equivalent to 70- to 80-year-old humans) rescued age-related impairments in well-being and memory. (bvsalud.org)
Mouse Model of Spinal Muscula1
  • Activation of Muscle-Specific Kinase (MuSK) Reduces Neuromuscular Defects in the Delta7 Mouse Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). (harvard.edu)
Types of neurons2
Survival12
  • SMA is caused by mutations or deletions in a gene called survival motor neuron 1 ( SMN1 ). (nih.gov)
  • The mechanisms by which trophic factors bring about spinal motor neuron (MN) survival and regulate their number during development are not well understood. (wustl.edu)
  • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP promoted the survival of a proportion of the neurons, but glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was the most effective trophic factor, supporting ∼60% of MNs for 1 week in culture. (wustl.edu)
  • The genetic defect is well-characterised and attempts to replace or reduce the severe depletion of the key Survival of Motor Neurone (SMN) protein are ongoing. (abdn.ac.uk)
  • However, even when protein levels in motor neurones are increased and improvements in motor parameters are reported, survival is not increased. (abdn.ac.uk)
  • Motor neurons need a protein called SMN (survival motor neuron) to work. (kidshealth.org)
  • Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
  • Mutations in the gene coding for survival of motor neuron 1 protein may result in SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD. (harvard.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
  • Whole blood survival motor neuron protein levels correlate with severity of denervation in spinal muscular atrophy. (harvard.edu)
  • Survival Motor Neuron Gene Copy Number Analysis by Exome Sequencing: Assisting Spinal Muscular Atrophy Diagnosis and Carrier Screening. (harvard.edu)
Interneurons2
Cervical5
  • Our dataset uncovered an unexpected spatially restricted diversity of preganglionic visceral motor neurons and a large population of these neurons in the cervical spinal cord. (nature.com)
  • These autonomic neurons are canonically found in thoracic and sacral levels, not cervical. (nature.com)
  • We don't yet know what functions these cervical-level preganglionic neurons are responsible for, but we were able to confirm their presence. (nature.com)
  • We found that axons of the contralesional corticospinal tract sprouted into the denervated side of the cervical spinal cord after unilateral injury of the motor cortex. (jneurosci.org)
  • Examination of cervical spinal cords of untreated and ibuprofen treated HRHF rats showed increased IL-1beta, an inflammatory cytokine, in neurons. (cdc.gov)
Nerve cells5
Cortical3
  • Here we have employed a primary rodent neuronal culture model to study the cellular effects of TDP-43 dysfunction in hippocampal and cortical neurons. (nature.com)
  • Cortico-cortical drive in a coupled premotor-primary motor cortex dynamical system. (rochester.edu)
  • Stimulating Cerebellar Outflow Reveals Temporal Control of Motor Cortical Activity. (rochester.edu)
Sensory neurons2
Humans1
Premotor cortex2
  • Pyramidal neurons in the premotor cortex usually are preserved. (medscape.com)
  • Somatosensory cortex microstimulation modulates primary motor and premotor cortex neurons with extensive spatial convergence and divergence. (rochester.edu)
Primary motor3
Muscular atrophy type1
  • Spinal muscular atrophy type II (SMA2), also called "intermediate" SMA, occurs slightly later than type I, between the ages of 6 and 18 months, and is characterized by the absence of acquisition of autonomous ambulation. (dovepress.com)
MNDs1
  • Most recently, we are exploring similar non-motor pathologies in ALS/ MNDs. (abdn.ac.uk)
Innervate1
Brain23
Signals3
  • Scientists have created one of the most detailed 3D images of the synapse, the important juncture where neurons communicate with each other through an exchange of chemical signals. (news-medical.net)
  • Chemical synapse Gap junction Synaptic plasticity Long-term potentiation Neurotransmitter - endogenous chemical that relays, amplifies, and modulates signals between neurons and other cells to which they are synaptically connected. (wikipedia.org)
  • The pacemaker in turn relays the signals to the implanted spinal lead that stimulates specific neurons, causing Michel to move. (sci-info-pages.com)
Morphological1
  • After 6 hours in culture, motor neurons displayed morphological sings of apoptosis including cell shrinkage, as well as nuclear and chromatin condensation. (celljournal.org)
Protein6
  • Label-free quantitative proteomics on isolated synaptosomes from spinal cords of these animals identified 2030 protein groups. (nih.gov)
  • We overcame this challenge by taking by selectively enriching for cholinergic neurons using a strategy in which GFP fused to the nuclear envelope protein Sun1 is Cre-dependently expressed. (nature.com)
  • Here, we show that retinoids induce the expression of the FERM Rho-GEF protein FARP1 in the developing spinal cord. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • In a follow-up experiment, the researchers confirmed that the product of MMP-9, MMP-9 protein, is present in ALS-vulnerable motor neurons, but not in ALS-resistant ones. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Fast-fatigable neurons (which are involved in movements like jumping and sprinting and are the first to die in ALS) were found to have the most MMP-9 protein, whereas slow neurons (which control posture and are only partially affected in ALS) had none. (sciencedaily.com)
  • When this gene mutates (changes in some way), it can't make enough protein for the motor neurons to work properly. (kidshealth.org)
Cords1
  • Thoracic region of adult mouse spinal cords was sliced by a tissue chopper into 400 μm slices and cultured in medium in the presence or absence of tdmtn for 6 hours. (celljournal.org)
Synaptic3
  • We analysed these activities by identifying their common low-frequency components, from which networks of correlated activity to the motor neurons were derived and interpreted as networks of common synaptic inputs. (nih.gov)
  • ESC-derived motor neurons express postmitotic motor neuron markers, including Chat, Mnx1, Neun, and Isl1, form synaptic connections with C2C12-derived myotube cells of cholinergic nature, and exhibit motor neuron-like behaviour by showing repetitive firing. (rwth-aachen.de)
  • We highlight important developments revealing the heterogeneous nature of vulnerability in populations of lower motor units in MND and examine how progress in our understanding of the molecular pathways underlying MND may provide insights into the regulation of synaptic vulnerability and pathology. (ox.ac.uk)
Axons3
Movement5
  • KEY POINTS: A central and unresolved question is how spinal motor neurons are controlled to generate movement. (nih.gov)
  • MND, as the name suggests, is a pure motor disorder without any significant evidence of sensory symptoms, extraocular movement disturbances, bladder and bowel dysfunction, or cognitive impairment. (medscape.com)
  • A person may then decide to initiate movement, which triggers the motor cortex (the area that plans, controls, and executes voluntary movements) to generate an impulse. (msdmanuals.com)
  • To understand why only some motor neurons are vulnerable to ALS, the researchers used DNA microarray profiling to compare the activity of tens of thousands of genes in neurons that resist ALS (oculomotor neurons/eye movement and Onuf's nuclei/continence) with neurons affected by ALS (lumbar 5 spinal neurons/leg movement). (sciencedaily.com)
  • These neurons regulate your movement in response to sensory information (like moving away from a hot surface) and play a role in how you learn, think and remember. (clevelandclinic.org)
Corticospinal1
  • Jeffrey Macklis, director of the MGH-Harvard Medical School Center for Nervous System Repair, said: "Our findings that IGF-1 specifically enhances both the speed and extent of axon outgrowth of corticospinal motor neurons are the first direct evidence of growth factor control over the differentiation of these neurons. (sci-info-pages.com)
Lumbar1
Functional5
  • The full heterogeneity and different functional roles of cholinergic neurons in the adult spinal cord remain to be defined. (nature.com)
  • Category:Receptors Biological neural network - population of physically interconnected neurons that act cooperatively to form a functional circuit. (wikipedia.org)
  • Blocking PirB signaling also failed to enhance functional recovery with three motor tests. (jneurosci.org)
  • We observed atypical functional topographies in patients with TLE relative to controls, manifesting as reduced functional differentiation between sensory/motor networks and transmodal systems such as the default mode network, with peak alterations in bilateral temporal and ventromedial prefrontal cortices. (bvsalud.org)
  • Motor points have been identified for all major muscle groups for the purpose of functional electrical stimulation by physical therapists, in order to increase muscle power. (medscape.com)
Postsynaptic1
Glia1
  • List of sensory systems Sensory neuron Perception Visual system Auditory system Somatosensory system Vestibular system Olfactory system Taste Pain Neuron Interneuron Ganglion (PNS) vs Nucleus (neuroanatomy) (CNS) except basal ganglia (CNS) Nerve(PNS) vs Tract (neuroanatomy) (CNS) White matter (more myelinated) vs Grey matter Glial cells, commonly called neuroglia or glia, are supportive cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for the brain's neurons. (wikipedia.org)
Hippocampal1
  • EGL-30/GNAQ and Gαq signaling pathways are highly conserved between C. elegans and mammals, and murine Gnaq is enriched in hippocampal neurons and declines with age. (bvsalud.org)
Lateral motor column1
  • Both lateral motor column (LMC) and medial motor column (MMC) neurons died within 72 hr when grown in serum-free medium without trophic factors. (wustl.edu)
SMN12
  • SMN1 is a housekeeping gene, but the most prominent pathologies in SMA are atrophy of myofibers and death of motor neurons. (nih.gov)
  • When they think a child might have spinal muscular atrophy, doctors will order genetic testing to look for mutations in the SMN1 gene. (kidshealth.org)
Regulate1
Gene1
  • Progeny from this cross with no MMP-9 exhibited an 80-day delay in loss of fast-fatigable motor neuron function and a 25 percent longer lifespan, compared with littermates with two copies of the MMP-9 gene. (sciencedaily.com)
Interneuron populations2
  • These interneuron populations also interact with each other to critically influence motor output, but a systematic mapping of their connectivity has not been performed. (biorxiv.org)
  • Several spinal interneuron populations have been implicated in tactile information processing. (listlabs.com)
Muscle weakness3
  • Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a human genetic disorder characterized by muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, and death of motor neurons. (nih.gov)
  • Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1) is an inherited condition that causes muscle weakness and respiratory failure typically beginning in infancy. (medlineplus.gov)
  • spinal muscular atrophy patients present muscle weakness, orthopedic problems, nutritional complications and respiratory impairment. (bvsalud.org)
Nervous3
  • Microglia Astrocyte Oligodendrocyte (CNS) vs Schwann cell (PNS) Dendrite Soma Axon Nucleus Node of Ranvier Axon terminal Schwann cell Myelin sheath A neuron (also known as a neurone or nerve cell) is an excitable cell in the nervous system that processes and transmits information by electrochemical signaling. (wikipedia.org)
  • The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is innervated both intrinsically by the enteric nervous system (ENS), and extrinsically by visceral sensory afferent and visceral motor efferent (sympathetic and parasympathetic) fibers. (jneurosci.org)
  • spinal motoneurone) and peripheral (i.e. muscle) nervous systems. (csep.ca)
Researchers4
  • A neurotechnology that stimulates the spinal cord instantly improves arm and hand mobility, enabling people affected by moderate to severe stroke to conduct their normal daily activities more easily, report researchers from the University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University today in Nature Medicine. (news-medical.net)
  • The researchers also discovered that these neurons are highly interconnected, a feature which likely contributes to their capacity to generate the complex rhythmic patterns sustaining locomotion. (earth.com)
  • Taking a closer look at the groups of vulnerable motor neurons, the researchers found differences in MMP-9 expression at the single-cell level. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The researchers are still investigating how MMP-9 affects motor neuron function. (sciencedaily.com)
Differentiation1
  • It was shown that the established in vitro differentiation protocol results in a highly pure motor neuron cell culture consisting of 90% ChAT-positive cells. (rwth-aachen.de)
Findings suggest2
  • Our findings suggest that you would also have to restore proper activity in the ventral spinocerebellar tract neurons to ensure that the central pattern generator is working properly. (earth.com)
  • These findings suggest that only a preventive intervention could have addressed all motor declines. (cdc.gov)
Anterior2
  • [ 3 ] Inflammation of the spinal anterior roots may lead to disruption of the blood-CNS barrier. (medscape.com)
  • Terms in the spinal cord MRI report such as "affecting gray matter," "affecting the anterior horn or anterior horn cells," "affecting the central cord," "anterior myelitis," or "poliomyelitis" would all be consistent with this terminology. (cdc.gov)
Postnatal1
Dysfunction2
  • Progressive dementia with symptoms of executive dysfunction, personality change, and motor weakness leads to severe morbidity. (medscape.com)
  • Signs and symptoms reflect frontal and temporal lobe dysfunction with lower motor neuron-type weakness, muscle atrophy, and fasciculations. (medscape.com)
Dorsal1
  • Tactile stimuli are integrated and processed by neuronal circuits in the deep dorsal horn of the spinal cord. (listlabs.com)
Stimuli1
  • They convey the tactile stimuli to the spinal cord leading to the perception of a painful experience 6 . (nature.com)
Axon1
  • Impaired prenatal motor axon development necessitates early therapeutic intervention in severe SMA. (harvard.edu)