RenalIschemicMyocardial IschemiaOxidativeReported to attenuateInjury of the spinal cordInflammationRatsHypoxia-ischemiaNeuroprotectiveRabbitsTraumatized spinal cord tissueTissueMethodsParalysisHemorrhageCervicalApoptosisTraumaticOcclusionWhite cord syndromeOccursCardiac arrestNeurologicalAutophagyProtective effectLiverPretreatmentDysfunctionEtiologyVitroInterruptionInjuriesOutcomesPathophysiologyCompressionMyocardiumNeuralArrhythmiasExperimental animalClinicalPostoperativeSecondarySyndromeEffectAnimal modelTreatmentBloodSurgery
Renal5
- has been demonstrated to attenuate renal ischemia‑reperfusion (I/R) injury. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Furthermore, APC reduces the ischemia / reperfusion-induced renal injury and the stress-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. (eurekaselect.com)
- SRS16-86 can be used for renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) studies. (abmole.com)
- For instance, clinical trials of vagal stimulation and spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of heart failure are currently underway, and renal denervation has been studied recently in the treatment of resistant hypertension. (aerjournal.com)
- This review will attempt to provide a state-of-the-art on the potential antiarrhythmic efficacy of renal artery denervation, spinal cord stimulation and direct vagal stimulation. (aerjournal.com)
Ischemic5
- Potential immediate affects of secondary SCI include neuronal injury, neuroinflammation, breakdown of blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), ischemic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and daily-life function complications. (wikipedia.org)
- Restoration of blood supply, termed reperfusion, has been used to treat ischemic myocardium and prevent further tissue damage. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Despite various adjunctive neuroprotective strategies, ischemic spinal cord injury remains a devastating complication. (bvsalud.org)
- Pathophysiologically, this occurs due to the immediate restoration of normal blood flow to previously markedly compressed, and under-perfused/ischemic cord tissues. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
- Pathophysiologically, this occurs because spinal cord decompression due to cervical surgery acutely restores normal blood flow to previously under-perfused/ischemic cervical spinal cord tissues. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Myocardial Ischemia3
- However, reperfusion following a period of prolonged ischemia can often cause myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, leading to damage of cardiac tissues ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- A sudden increase in afterload may cause left ventricular dilation, increased pulmonary artery pressures, and myocardial ischemia, especially in patients with coronary artery disease. (openanesthesia.org)
- Myocardial ischemia, also called cardiac ischemia or hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced heart damage, is caused by decreased blood flow [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Oxidative4
- It has been proved that inhalation of methane also modulates leukocyte activation, affects key events of ischemia-reperfusion-induced oxidative stress, and has anti-inflammatory effects against ischemia-reperfusion damage [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Tokmak et al ( 10 ) reported that SA pretreatment in spinal cord I/R reduced oxidative stress and neuronal degeneration. (spandidos-publications.com)
- This therapeutic effect is multifactorial, including the regulation of the activity of various endogenic biological mediators, the regeneration of nerve fibres and stem cells and the inhibition of inflammation, neural apoptosis and oxidative stress in the injured spinal cord. (eexot-journal.com)
- Among them, it has the most significant effect on diseases with oxidative stress, such as neonatal brain hypoxia, Parkinson's disease, tissue ischemia-reperfusion injury, etc. (gdcawolo.com)
Reported to attenuate1
- The 21-aminosteroid tirilazad mesylate (U74006F) is a lipophilic antioxidant and free radical scavenger that has been reported to attenuate brain or spinal cord injury caused by trauma, stroke, ischemia and reperfusion injury. (aspetjournals.org)
Injury of the spinal cord2
- Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of the spinal cord is a dynamic process that frequently occurs during a variety of clinical situations such as thoracoabdominal aortic surgery or spinal cord injury [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- The present narrative literature review aims to present recent research data in relation to the therapeutic effect of acupuncture on patients with SCI, and more specifically on the reduction of the inflammatory response and the spasticity after an injury of the spinal cord. (eexot-journal.com)
Inflammation6
- Introduction: These studies were designed to determine whether PJ34, a novel Poly-ADP Ribose Polymerase Inhibitor, modulates expression of markers of stress and inflammation in the spinal cord following ischemia/ reperfusion(TAR). (elsevierpure.com)
- Global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (GCIRI) occurs in patients who are successfully resuscitated from various clinical conditions such as cardiac arrest, asphyxia and shock, which are frequently accompanied by inflammation and can lead to serious neuronal injury, and further to neurodegeneration and learning and memory impairment [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- 8. Ren Y, Young W. Managing inflammation after spinal cord injury through manipulation of macrophage function. (eexot-journal.com)
- Inflammation after spinal cord injury: a review of the critical timeline of signaling cues and cellular infiltration. (eexot-journal.com)
- Up to now, there are seven preliminary clinical research reports of hydrogen treatment diseases, namely type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hemodialysis, inflammation/mitochondrial myopathy, brain stem ischemia, side effects of radiotherapy and systemic lupus erythematosus. (gdcawolo.com)
- N-acetylcysteine is known to impair hemostasis when used for the prevention of perioperative inflammation and ischemia-reperfusion injury. (medscape.com)
Rats8
- Compared to I/R injury groups, H 2 S pretreatment had reduced spinal cord infarct zone, improved hind motor function in rats. (biomedcentral.com)
- Furthermore, APC reduced the spinal cord injury induced by compression-trauma or ischemia / reperfusion by inhibiting TNF-α production in rats, suggesting that APC may be a potential therapeutic agent for spinal cord injury in which only limited therapeutic measures are currently available. (eurekaselect.com)
- The attenuation of neurological injury from the use of simvastatin after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. (medscape.com)
- Chen SH, Sun H, Xu H, Zhang YM, Gao Y, Li S. [Effects of acupuncture of "Baihui"(GV 20) and "Zusanli"(ST 36) on expression of cerebral IL-1beta and TNF-alpha proteins in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury rats]. (medicinaintegratanews.it)
- Lan L, Tao J, Chen A, Xie G, Huang J, Lin J, Peng J, Chen L.Electroacupuncture exerts anti-inflammatory effects in cerebralischemia-reperfusion injured rats via suppression of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. (medicinaintegratanews.it)
- Robust spinal neuroinflammation mediates mechanical allodynia in Walker 256 induced bone cancer rats. (medicinaintegratanews.it)
- The present study was designed to investigate the expression changes of PPAR-alpha, -beta, -gamma and NF-kappa B in the hippocampus of rats with global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (GCIRI) after treatment with agonists or antagonists of PPAR-gamma. (biomedcentral.com)
- We therefore investigated the impact of global brain hypoxia-ischemia on the thalamic circuit function in the somatosensory system of young rats. (cdc.gov)
Hypoxia-ischemia4
- Neonates exposed to hypoxia-ischemia (HI) injury can have poor neurological and behavioral outcomes including cerebral palsy (CP) and incidences of learning deficits and disabilities due to the diffuse nature of the insults. (frontiersin.org)
- Global hypoxia-ischemia interrupts oxygen delivery and blood flow to the entire brain. (cdc.gov)
- Previous studies of global brain hypoxia ischemia have primarily focused on injury to the cerebral cortex and to the hippocampus. (cdc.gov)
- Global brain hypoxia-ischemia during cardiac arrest has a long-term impact on processing and transfer of sensory information by thalamic circuitry. (cdc.gov)
Neuroprotective2
- In Vivo Neuroprotective Effect of Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate Solution in an Ischemia/Reperfusion Spinal Cord Injury Animal Model by: Shin Kwang Kang, et al. (uitm.edu.my)
- Neuroprotective effect of atorvastatin in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury by: Yunus Nazli, et al. (uitm.edu.my)
Rabbits1
- Influence of electroacupuncture on spinal TNF-alpha and IL-6 contents in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury rabbits]. (medicinaintegratanews.it)
Traumatized spinal cord tissue1
- Epidural cooling saddles, surgically placed over acutely traumatized spinal cord tissue, have been used to evaluate potentially beneficial effects of localized hypothermia, with and without concomitant glucocorticoids. (wikipedia.org)
Tissue3
- The OECs were taken from the patient's olfactory bulbs in his brain and then grown in the lab, these cells were then injected above and below the impaired spinal tissue. (wikipedia.org)
- Proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tissue necrosis factor (TNF)-α, have been implicated as important mediators of injury following cerebral ischemia [ 13 ] and contribute to pathogenesis, exacerbating brain tissue damage following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Central nervous system (CNS) damage may occur because of hypoxemia sustained during the drowning episode (primary injury) or may result from arrhythmias, ongoing pulmonary injury, reperfusion injury, or multiorgan dysfunction (secondary injury), particularly with prolonged tissue hypoxia. (medscape.com)
Methods1
- Methods: 129S1/SvImj mice were subjected to thoracic aortic occlusion and 48 hours of reperfusion (n = 38). (elsevierpure.com)
Paralysis3
- Spinal cord injury is associated with sustainable disability and results in loss of bladder, respiratory, cardiac, or sexual functions, and in varying degree of paralysis [ 2 ]. (intechopen.com)
- Spinal cord injury frequently causes paralysis of the limbs, even causes severe death. (oncotarget.com)
- Following acute cervical spinal cord decompression, a subset of patients may develop acute postoperative paralysis due to Reperfusion Injury (RPI)/White Cord Syndrome (WCS). (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Hemorrhage1
- RPI/WCS is typically defined as an acute spinal cord injury that follows cervical spine surgery where postoperative MR studies document intrinsic cord edema/ischemia, swelling, and/or hemorrhage in the absence of significant new/residual extrinsic pathology. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Cervical5
- White cord syndrome is a rare condition involving sudden neurological deterioration following a decompressive cervical spinal surgery and characterized by the appearance of hyperintensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. (uitm.edu.my)
- A case report: white cord syndrome following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment by: Deuk Soo Jun, et al. (uitm.edu.my)
- To confirm RPI/WCS, MR studies must exclude extrinsic cord pathology (e.g. extramedullary hematomas, new/residual compressive disease, new graft/vertebral fracture etc.) that may warrant additional cervical surgery to avoid permanent neurological sequelae. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
- Patients with acute postoperative neurological deficits following cervical spine surgery must undergo MR studies to rule out extrinsic cord pathology before being diagnosed with RPI/WCS. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
- Postoperative reperfusion injury (RPI)/white cord syndrome (WCS) causing acute deficits following cervical spine surgery. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Apoptosis3
- To explicit cell apoptosis trend in PC12 oxygen-glucose-serum deprivation/restoration (OGSD/R) model and provide experimental bases for neural cell simulation in ischemia reperfusion injury in vitro . (oncotarget.com)
- The apoptosis of PC12 reaches the highest at 1h after OGR, which may provide experimental bases for spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury treatment. (oncotarget.com)
- However, growing evidences have demonstrated that reperfusion can induce the production of free radical, toxin, and inflammatory, thus aggravating cell apoptosis. (oncotarget.com)
Traumatic5
- Various pathological conditions, including surgical treatments, traumatic injuries, embolism, malformations and tumors, result in severe changes in the arterial blood supply to the spinal cord [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
- Global incidence and prevalence of traumatic spinal cord injury. (eexot-journal.com)
- Traumatic spinal cord injury. (eexot-journal.com)
- 5. Alizadeh A, Dyck SM, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S. Traumatic spinal cord injury: an overview of pathophysiology, models and acute injury mechanisms. (eexot-journal.com)
- 7. Couillard-Despres S, Bieler L, Vogl M. Pathophysiology of traumatic spinal cord injury. (eexot-journal.com)
Occlusion1
- small artery or anterior spinal artery occlusion, "…microthrombi, and altered perfusion due to internal recoil of the spinal architecture following decompression", "… direct trauma from blood flow itself or by the oxygen free radicals…", or "…lipid peroxidation of the neuronal membrane…as a main cause in the secondary injury-induced degenerative cascade. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
White cord syndrome1
- White cord syndrome in a pedia. (uitm.edu.my)
Occurs1
- Spinal cord injury (SCI) often occurs in young and middle-aged population. (silverchair.com)
Cardiac arrest2
- autoimmune neurodegeneration of the type that can occur in encephalitis, and hypoxic or anoxic neuronal damage that can result from apnea, respiratory arrest or cardiac arrest, and anoxia caused by drowning, brain surgery or trauma (such as concussion or spinal cord shock). (drphilipblair.com)
- Depending upon the degree of hypoxemia and resultant acidotic change in acid-base balance, the person may develop myocardial dysfunction and electrical instability, cardiac arrest, and CNS ischemia. (medscape.com)
Neurological4
- MIS2ACE can be performed under local anesthesia, enabling continuous monitoring of neurological function, and in case of clinical signs of imminent ischemia, preemptive interruption of the procedure. (bvsalud.org)
- Neurological aspects of spinal cord injury. (eexot-journal.com)
- For 7 patients, new acute postoperative neurological deficits were appropriately attributed to MR-documented RPI/WCS syndromes (i.e. hyperintense cord signals). (surgicalneurologyint.com)
- It is critical to rule out residual extrinsic cord compression where secondary surgery may improve/resolve neurological deficits. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Autophagy2
- In rat model of I/R injury, pretreatment of pre-miR-30c or 3-MA (an inhibitor for autophagy) can abrogated spinal cord protective effect of H2S. (biomedcentral.com)
- Autophagy, a regulated process of degradation and recycling of cellular constituents, can participated in organelle turnover and the bioenergetic management of starvation of spinal cord injury [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Protective effect2
- However, the protective effect of H2S on I/R injury of spinal cord has not been described. (biomedcentral.com)
- Does Anzer Propolis Have a Protective Effect on Rabbit Spinal Cord Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury? (afsu.edu.tr)
Liver1
- Inhaled methane limits mitochondrial electron transport chain dysfunction and confers protection against mitochondrial dysfunction during experimental liver ischemia-reperfusion injury [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Pretreatment1
- Quantitative Real-Time PCR or Western blotting results showed that H2S pretreatment also downregulated miR-30c expression and upregulated Beclin-1 and LC3II expression in spinal cord. (biomedcentral.com)
Dysfunction1
- The ongoing cord stress response in neurologically intact PJ34 treated mice may indicate the potential to develop delayed neurologic dysfunction. (elsevierpure.com)
Etiology1
- Thus it is of great significance to explore the etiology of spinal cord injury. (oncotarget.com)
Vitro1
- Thus, we attempt to investigated the possible regulation role of H2S on spinal cord I/R injury in vitro or in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
Interruption1
- For instance, ischemia-reperfusion SCI involves the interruption of blood flow to the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
Injuries2
- It results in formation of a glial scar, which impedes axonal growth.Secondary injuries can occur from different forms of stress added to the spinal cord in forms such as additional contusions, compressions, kinking, or stretching of the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
- 1 - 8 ] In theory, such acute cord decompression, and re-expansion disrupts the blood-spine barrier allowing for "rush-in reperfusion", a "…triggered cascade of reperfusion injuries…", and potentially, "…oxygen-derived free radical damage" [ Table 1 ]. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Outcomes1
- Some argue that early surgery might further deprive an already injured spinal cord of oxygen, but most studies show no difference in outcomes between early (within three days) and late surgery (after five days), and some show a benefit to earlier surgery. (wikipedia.org)
Pathophysiology1
- Spinal cord injury: pathophysiology, multimolecular interactions, and underlying recovery mechanisms. (eexot-journal.com)
Compression1
- Following IV placement, anesthesia, hand bagging to get the radiographs and do a myelogram that should a ruptured C4-5 space and cord compression. (dvm360.com)
Myocardium1
- Immature calcium handling in immature myocardium raises intracellular calcium concentrations after ischemia and reperfusion. (medscape.com)
Neural1
- Although no evidence for miR-30c in spinal cord I/R injury, it has been proved to be a neural protector by targeting brain derived neurotrophic factoras well as neurotrophin signaling and axon guidance [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Arrhythmias1
- Experimental data on vagal nerve and spinal cord stimulation suggest that each technique may reduce ventricular arrhythmias. (aerjournal.com)
Experimental animal1
- Special devices exist to deliver blows of specific, monitored force to the spinal cord of an experimental animal. (wikipedia.org)
Clinical3
- Some experimental treatments, including systemic hypothermia, have been performed in isolated cases in order to draw attention to the need for further preclinical and clinical studies to help clarify the role of hypothermia in acute spinal cord injury. (wikipedia.org)
- This article describes the implementation of collateral network near-infrared spectroscopy as the first noninvasive spinal cord monitoring modality in the setting of extensive open and endovascular aortic repair, from early conceptualization to clinical utilization. (bvsalud.org)
- At present, preliminary clinical research has been carried out on cerebral ischemia and Alzheimer's disease. (gdcawolo.com)
Postoperative1
- On emergent postoperative MR scans, the classical findings for RPI/ WCS include new or expanded, and focal or diffuse intramedullary hyperintense cord signals consistent with edema/ischemia, swelling, and/or intrinsic hematoma. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Secondary1
- There is no cure for SCI, and current treatments are mostly focused on spinal cord injury rehabilitation and management of the secondary effects of the condition. (wikipedia.org)
Syndrome1
- Variation in Outcome in Tethered Cord Syndrome by: Noorulain Iqbal, et al. (uitm.edu.my)
Effect2
- Introduction: In this study, Anzer propolis, which can only be obtained from the Eastern Black Sea region in Turkey, is studied for its effect on spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury. (afsu.edu.tr)
- Acute Effect of Ghrelin on Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in the Rat Spinal Cord by: Qin Shi, et al. (uitm.edu.my)
Animal model1
- A complete understanding of the anatomy of the arterial blood supply to the spinal cord is critical for the anatomists and clinicians to determinate the advantages and disadvantages of each animal model for next studies. (intechopen.com)
Treatment3
- The knowledge of the arterial blood supply to the spinal cord is very important in planning the procedures of the spinal cord treatment as well as in animal experiments. (intechopen.com)
- According to relevant reports by the United States, over 7 billion dollars are spent on the treatment and care of patients with spinal cord injury averaging 31.7 years of age with a peak age of onset at 15-25, who require long-term treatment and care [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
- Reperfusion is the main treatment for patients with spinal cord injury. (oncotarget.com)
Blood2
- This chapter compares the arterial spinal cord blood supply of the frequently used species (pig, dog, cat, rabbit and rat) in experimental spinal cord injury and in human. (intechopen.com)
- Three cycles of 5-min ischemia/5-min reperfusion induced by a blood pressure cuff served as RIPC stimulus. (silverchair.com)
Surgery2
- Surgery is currently used to provide stability to the injured spinal column or to relieve pressure from the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
- In 2014 Darek Fidyka underwent pioneering spinal surgery that used nerve grafts, from his ankle, to 'bridge the gap' in his severed spinal cord and olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) to stimulate the spinal cord cells. (wikipedia.org)