InjuriesParalysisAutonomic nervouSpineSignalsFracturesBlood vesselsVertebraeCompressesBonesSciatic nerveMusclesNeckDamageInjuryBrainCompressionTissueFibersBoneBonyLumbarNeuropathic PainSensoryInternal organsTissuesLimbTraumaSciaticaCervicalThinnerImpaired nerve regenerationStretchRatsRadiculopathyBodyDiscsPartiallyNervous systemPainDoctorsInflammatoryPermanent
Injuries26
- Although several mechanisms account for brachial plexus injuries, the most common is nerve compression or stretch. (wikipedia.org)
- Based on the location of the nerve damage, brachial plexus injuries can affect part of or the entire arm. (wikipedia.org)
- or from avulsion injuries, where the nerve is torn from its attachment at the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
- Although injuries can occur at any time, many brachial plexus injuries happen during birth: the baby's shoulders may become impacted during the birth process causing the brachial plexus nerves to stretch or tear. (wikipedia.org)
- Injuries to the brachial plexus result from excessive stretching or tearing of the C5-T1 nerve fibers. (wikipedia.org)
- These injuries can be located in front of or behind the clavicle, nerve disruptions, or root avulsions from the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
- Peripheral nerve injuries are generally associated with incomplete restoration of motor function. (vinomis.com)
- Peripheral nerve injuries represent a significant source of patient morbidity and disability (Asplund et al. (vinomis.com)
- A variety of injury models have been used to examine the response of the brain such as crush injuries to peripheral nerves, cortical stab wounds, and spinal cord injury (SCI) models. (frontiersin.org)
- The impact of auto crashes is the leading cause of spinal cord injuries in Massachusetts, leaving many victims with expensive medical bills and major lifestyle adjustments. (joelhschwartz.com)
- They range from soft tissue injuries to severe nerve and spine complications. (willenslaw.com)
- Peripheral nerve injuries can occur as a result of physical trauma, such as a cut or crush injury, or from diseases and conditions, such as diabetes, arthritis, or exposure to toxins. (yourhairlosstreatment.net)
- What are Nerve Damage Injuries? (denverlaw.com)
- Nerve damage refers to a broad category of nerve injuries. (denverlaw.com)
- 2. Axonotmesis - this is a group of more serious nerve injuries. (denverlaw.com)
- Back injuries and nerve damage are among the most common auto accident duos. (denverlaw.com)
- The spine can suffer severe damage in a car accident, such as compression, crush injuries, severance, bone fractures and disk herniation. (crimeandinjurylaw.com)
- These injuries can result in long-term or permanent nerve damage, pain, loss of mobility, paralysis and other health issues. (crimeandinjurylaw.com)
- Other serious and sometimes permanent soft-tissue injuries are contusions, muscle damage, scar tissue and nerve damage. (crimeandinjurylaw.com)
- Because the spine is so carefully engineered, breaks or injuries can also damage the spinal cord. (upmc.com)
- Some injuries are more mild, like a bruised spinal cord. (upmc.com)
- Crush injuries. (mg4law.com)
- Soft tissue damage from crushing injuries can disrupt nerve signals. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- There is a wide range of injuries that lead from ligament sprains and dislocations to vertebral crush and dislocations which can damage the spinal cord. (norellehealth.com)
- Many spinal fractures heal with conservative treatment with more severe injuries requiring surgery to help the bones heal properly. (norellehealth.com)
- Traumatic injuries to the brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, autonomic nervous system, or neuromuscular system, including iatrogenic injuries induced by surgical procedures. (bvsalud.org)
Paralysis7
- For example, musculocutaneous nerve damage weakens elbow flexors, median nerve damage causes proximal forearm pain, and paralysis of the ulnar nerve causes weak grip and finger numbness. (wikipedia.org)
- In Klumpke's paralysis, a form of paralysis involving the muscles of the forearm and hand, a characteristic sign is the clawed hand, due to loss of function of the ulnar nerve and the intrinsic muscles of the hand it supplies. (wikipedia.org)
- Due to permanent damage to the nerves of the spine, temporary or permanent paralysis can result, sometimes necessitating lifelong treatment. (joelhschwartz.com)
- Paralysis can result when a truck accident victim suffers injury to their spinal column. (mg4law.com)
- If severe damage or transection of the spinal cord has happened then paralysis may occur. (norellehealth.com)
- A severe spinal injury may result in fracture dislocation of the spine in which the vertebrae are moved apart from each other which can cause paralysis. (norellehealth.com)
- One of the major concerns with a spinal cord injury, besides permanent paralysis, is the development of a degenerative spinal condition. (elmens.com)
Autonomic nervou1
- The bladder and urethra are innervated by 3 sets of peripheral nerves arising from the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and somatic nervous system. (medscape.com)
Spine5
- The powerful force of a crash can cause a sudden, traumatic blow to your spine that fractures, dislodges, crushes, or compresses the vertebrae. (joelhschwartz.com)
- All parts of the spine can suffer injury, from the vertebra to the disks to the nerves. (crimeandinjurylaw.com)
- Weakening the spine can also pinch or damage the spinal cord or the nerves going to and from your body. (norellehealth.com)
- The spine may not have enough strength to support itself and the vertebrae may become crushed. (norellehealth.com)
- In layman language, this condition may be explained as a spine disc rupturing, spinal nerve pinched or slipped disc. (nigellasativacenter.com)
Signals18
- In recent years, however, improved medical technology has shown that after a spinal cord is cut, nerve cells do begin to extend new fingers, called axons, which could carry signals across the gap. (scientificamerican.com)
- A brachial plexus injury (BPI), also known as brachial plexus lesion, is an injury to the brachial plexus, the network of nerves that conducts signals from the spinal cord to the shoulder, arm and hand. (wikipedia.org)
- These nerves, known as peripheral nerves, are responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and other parts of the body, including the muscles, skin, and internal organs. (yourhairlosstreatment.net)
- Sometimes your nerves send pain signals even when you haven't been hurt or injured. (msdmanuals.com)
- But sometimes a heart attack causes pain in your neck, jaw, or left arm because pain signals from those areas travel along nerves that are near the nerves from your heart. (msdmanuals.com)
- These medicines affect nerve signals in a way that relieves pain even if you're not depressed or don't have seizures. (msdmanuals.com)
- They implant a small wire electrode around your spinal cord and send signals that interfere with pain signals. (msdmanuals.com)
- Motor Nerves - motor nerves control movement by sending signals from our brain and spinal cord to the muscles. (denverlaw.com)
- Spinal nerves exit from the spinal cord to send and receive signals from muscles, skin, and other organs. (upmc.com)
- Nerves exiting near the neck and upper back send and receive signals from the arms. (upmc.com)
- These components work together to send vital nerve signals throughout the body. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- Consider nerves as pathways that carry electrical signals. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- When a nerve is severed, it loses its ability to send these signals. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- These factors often disrupt nerve signals or cause them to misfire. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- Nerve damage symptoms can differ based on the type of nerve signals affected. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- Nerve damage affecting autonomic signals can lead to arrhythmia, irregular breathing, digestive issues, and sexual dysfunction. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- Nerve damage disrupts motor signals. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- The nerves send signals throughout your body, which is why nerve damage in the back can be so catastrophic. (elmens.com)
Fractures11
- What are Spinal Fractures? (norellehealth.com)
- Spinal fractures occur when the vertebral vertebrae break or become dislocated. (norellehealth.com)
- The most common causes of spinal fractures are motor vehicle accidents, falls and sports. (norellehealth.com)
- The main causes of spinal fractures are car accidents, falls, violence and sports. (norellehealth.com)
- Compression fractures involve the spinal vertebrae being flattened. (norellehealth.com)
- Diagnosis of spinal fractures includes is frequently indicated by the recent trauma. (norellehealth.com)
- Proper diagnosis is paramount for spinal fractures. (norellehealth.com)
- Many spinal fractures can heal on their own with conservative treatment. (norellehealth.com)
- These are both minimally invasive procedures that are appropriate for some spinal compression fractures. (norellehealth.com)
- Severe spinal fractures require urgent care and you should call 911. (norellehealth.com)
- Fractured vertebrae - There are different types of fractures that may occur, such as burst fractures, which occur when the vertebrae is crushed. (elmens.com)
Blood vessels1
- Nerve damage in diabetes People with diabetes mellitus have many serious long-term complications that affect many areas of the body, particularly the blood vessels, nerves, eyes, and kidneys. (msdmanuals.com)
Vertebrae3
- The nerves are able to leave the bony canal through passageways, called foramen, between the vertebrae. (upmc.com)
- Spinal fusion involves connecting two of more of the spinal vertebrae so that they are permanently attached together using bone grafts with plastic or metal screws and rods. (norellehealth.com)
- Movement of vertebrae can cause compression of the spinal cord or the nerves. (elmens.com)
Compresses1
- Another musculoskeletal system disorder is piriformis syndrome, in which the piriformis muscle spasm compresses and irritates the sciatica nerve. (nigellasativacenter.com)
Bones7
- A neck strain is the stretching or tearing of a tendon or muscle, the fibrous cord of tissue connecting bones to muscles. (willenslaw.com)
- The bones and soft tissues protect the spinal cord. (denverlaw.com)
- It's a complex structure of bones, nerves, disks, and spinal fluid that protects the delicate nerve tissue of the spinal cord. (upmc.com)
- Broken bones and strained soft tissue can press on nerves, cutting off the blood supply. (mg4law.com)
- The spinal bones fracture when the force outside of the bone overcomes the bone's strength. (norellehealth.com)
- The tissues and bones that make up your back and spinal cord are particularly susceptible to damage. (elmens.com)
- The back and spinal cord consist of 33 bones, 32 muscles and 31 nerve roots. (elmens.com)
Sciatic nerve5
- Citation: Ding Z, Cao J, Shen Y, Zou Y, Yang X, Zhou W, Guo Q and Huang C (2018) Resveratrol Promotes Nerve Regeneration via Activation of p300 Acetyltransferase-Mediated VEGF Signaling in a Rat Model of Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury. (vinomis.com)
- This study showed that the motor deficits caused by sciatic nerve crush injury were alleviated by daily systematic resveratrol treatment within 10 days. (vinomis.com)
- Inactivation of p300 acetyltransferase reversed the resveratrol-induced expression of VEGFs and motor repair in rats that had undergone sciatic nerve crush injury. (vinomis.com)
- Sciatic nerve crush (SNC) was performed in the experimental and sham surgery groups, but not in the control group. (cns.org)
- We assessed the extent of nerve regeneration and changes in nerve growth factor (NGF) and glutaminase (GLS) expression following SNC and antagomir delivery in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), the spinal cord (SC) and the sciatic nerve (SN). (cns.org)
Muscles5
- These nerves originate in the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth cervical (C5-C8), and first thoracic (T1) spinal nerves, and innervate the muscles and skin of the chest, shoulder, arm and hand. (wikipedia.org)
- A bony fragment, pseudoaneurysm, hematoma, or callus formation of fractured clavicle can also put pressure on the injured nerve, disrupting innervation of the muscles. (wikipedia.org)
- There are also many muscles and nerves in the neck. (willenslaw.com)
- Nerves are responsible for thousands of roles, from regulating breathing to controlling muscles and temperature perception. (denverlaw.com)
- They relay information from the skin and muscles to the brain and spinal cord. (denverlaw.com)
Neck1
- A trauma directly on the shoulder and neck region can crush the brachial plexus between the clavicle and the first rib. (wikipedia.org)
Damage46
- Behavioral tests indicated that the rats moved similarly to others that did not have any spinal cord damage. (scientificamerican.com)
- Lacerations from truck accidents can cause scarring, nerve damage, infections, and excessive blood loss, which may cause the victim to go into shock or even die. (joelhschwartz.com)
- Peripheral nerve injury refers to damage to the nerves that are outside the brain and spinal cord. (yourhairlosstreatment.net)
- Peripheral nerve damage in the feet can result in pain, tingling, numbness, and muscle weakness. (yourhairlosstreatment.net)
- Wearing supportive shoes, using orthotics, and avoiding activities that cause pain can help reduce symptoms and prevent further nerve damage. (yourhairlosstreatment.net)
- In severe cases of nerve damage, surgery may be necessary to relieve pressure on the affected nerve or to repair a damaged nerve. (yourhairlosstreatment.net)
- Neuropathic pain is pain that comes from damage or problems in your nerves, spinal cord, or brain. (msdmanuals.com)
- One example of a severe injury from a crash is nerve damage. (denverlaw.com)
- There are more than 100 types of nerve damage, ranging from mild to severe. (denverlaw.com)
- Any nerve damage can significantly reduce your quality of life if it causes pain, discomfort, or otherwise interferes with your ability to live normally. (denverlaw.com)
- For personal injury cases, the easiest way to quantify nerve damage is by the level of injury severity. (denverlaw.com)
- 3. Neurotmesis - the most severe type of nerve damage injury. (denverlaw.com)
- The degree of nerve damage severity you experience will impact your symptoms, pain, and recovery time. (denverlaw.com)
- There are more than 100 different types of nerve damage. (denverlaw.com)
- In addition, different types of nerve damage will produce various symptoms. (denverlaw.com)
- Sometimes people can have symptoms indicating multiple types of nerve damage. (denverlaw.com)
- Car accidents can also cause nerve damage. (denverlaw.com)
- Sometimes, a person sustains a different injury that causes secondary nerve damage, like a bone injury. (denverlaw.com)
- Damage to the spinal cord can cause profound nerve damage. (denverlaw.com)
- The result can be damage to the surrounding nerves. (denverlaw.com)
- Severe back trauma can cause spinal cord damage, which can cause permanent damage. (denverlaw.com)
- Permanent nerve damage. (mg4law.com)
- Unless the pressure is relieved, a victim can suffer permanent nerve damage. (mg4law.com)
- Nerve damage is a complex medical condition, and its impacts can devastate an individual's life. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- This thorough resource will delve into the complexities of nerve damage. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- What is Nerve Damage? (attorneysofchicago.com)
- Nerve damage occurs when disruption or injury to the body's nerve network appears. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- To understand nerve damage better, let's look at how our nervous system functions. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- Yet, not all nerve damage involves complete severance. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- What Types of Nerve Damage Can Occur? (attorneysofchicago.com)
- Nerve damage takes different forms, each with unique effects on the body. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- Nerve damage in the extremities, such as the hands and feet. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- Nerve root damage may lead to pain or weakness in specific body areas. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- Nerve damage to a single nerve. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- Understanding these types helps in recognizing and managing nerve damage symptoms. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- Coping with nerve damage often necessitates adapting to new challenges. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- Joining support groups with other nerve damage victims can provide emotional support and valuable advice. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- Additionally, addressing the emotional aspects of living with nerve damage is essential. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- Counseling can be valuable in managing the psychological toll often accompanying nerve damage. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- What Symptoms Can Arise From Nerve Damage? (attorneysofchicago.com)
- The specific symptoms hinge on the location of the nerve damage. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- What Are the Risk Factors for Nerve Damage? (attorneysofchicago.com)
- Know the risk factors associated with nerve damage. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- Trauma to the back can harm the spinal cord or nerve roots, causing nerve compression and damage. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- Certain activities involving repetitive motions can cause nerve damage over time. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- What Compensation Can I Recover for Nerve Damage? (attorneysofchicago.com)
Injury19
- The most severe form of injury is nerve root avulsion, which usually accompanies high-velocity impacts that commonly occur during motor-vehicle collisions or bicycle accidents. (wikipedia.org)
- The slow rate of nerve regeneration after injury may account for this. (vinomis.com)
- Although many benefits of resveratrol have been shown in the nervous system, it is not clear whether resveratrol could promote fast nerve regeneration and motor repair after peripheral nerve injury. (vinomis.com)
- 2010). Although axons in peripheral nerves have the capacity to regenerate after injury, a number of clinical reports and studies in recent years have indicated that functional recovery, especially motor function, is far from satisfactory even with advances in surgical procedures (Ruijs et al. (vinomis.com)
- 2014). In vivo, VEGFs are expressed after peripheral nerve injury (Li et al. (vinomis.com)
- This type of injury occurs when the person's cervical spinal cord gets injured. (willenslaw.com)
- An injury to the spinal cord that severs or damages the bundle of nerves in the spinal cord can delay or even stop the delivery of messages that the brain sends to the body. (willenslaw.com)
- or when your nerves were crushed or cut by an injury. (msdmanuals.com)
- Peripheral nerve injury affects approximately 20 million Americans annually, costing the healthcare system over $150 billion each year. (cns.org)
- 1. Neurapraxia - the lowest level of nerve injury is Neurapraxia. (denverlaw.com)
- It's an injury to your peripheral nerves. (denverlaw.com)
- Since it's a mild nerve injury, it can typically heal on its own with rest and time. (denverlaw.com)
- During an accident, the force of an impact can cause injury to the delicate spinal parts. (denverlaw.com)
- Another common long-term car accident injury is the spinal cord injury . (crimeandinjurylaw.com)
- Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a fatal and intractable disease accompanied by the comorbidity of chronic neuropathic pain. (bvsalud.org)
- After spinal cord injury (SCI), the control of activated glial cells such as microglia and astrocytes has emerged as a promising strategy for neuropathic pain management. (bvsalud.org)
- This is why, if someone has a spinal cord injury, it matters how high up on the spinal cord the injury happens. (upmc.com)
- If spinal injury is suspected, your doctor will obtain an evaluation from a neurosurgeon. (norellehealth.com)
- This is why a back or spinal cord injury can be debilitating and affect you for a long time. (elmens.com)
Brain9
- Finally, however, science offers glimmers of hope that nerve cells in the spinal cord and brain could someday regenerate. (scientificamerican.com)
- It had been considered absolute truth that in the brain and spinal cord--collectively known as the central nervous system (CNS)--neurons do not regenerate. (scientificamerican.com)
- Normal voiding is essentially a spinal reflex modulated by the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), which coordinates function of the bladder and urethra. (medscape.com)
- The central nervous system is composed of the brain, brain stem, and the spinal cord. (medscape.com)
- The signal transmitted by the brain is routed through 2 intermediate segments (the brainstem and the sacral spinal cord) prior to reaching the bladder. (medscape.com)
- Neuropathic Pain "Neuro-" refers to the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. (msdmanuals.com)
- The spinal cord nerves relay messages between the brain and the rest of the body. (denverlaw.com)
- The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord, and cranial and peripheral nerves. (attorneysofchicago.com)
- The nerves allow your body to communicate with your brain. (attorneysofchicago.com)
Compression1
- A neurological deficit could help locate the area of cervical spinal compression. (norellehealth.com)
Tissue3
- Microscopic imaging showed that a thin spindle of nerve tissue was bridging the gap at the injured spot. (scientificamerican.com)
- In some cases, external factors such as bone, ligaments, or tissue pressing on a nerve can lead to irritation and inflammation . (attorneysofchicago.com)
- Even chronic joint disorder, including spinal osteoarthritis, causes narrowing of the nerve channel through which spinal nerves travel to the lower spinal region, which hurt the nerve tissue. (nigellasativacenter.com)
Fibers1
- The spinal cord, about as thick as your finger, contains millions of nerve fibers that drive a vast array of bodily functions, including muscle control and sensory processing. (scientificamerican.com)
Bone2
- Vertebroplasty involves injecting bone cement into the broken spinal body to allow it to heal. (norellehealth.com)
- Kyphoplasty is similar but uses a balloon to lift up the compressed spinal vertebra before the bone cement is injected. (norellehealth.com)
Bony1
- Computed tomography (CT) scans use X-rays and are excellent for evaluating bony anatomy or acute bleeding of the spinal cord. (norellehealth.com)
Lumbar2
- One month after contusive SCI, the activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway was markedly upregulated in both microglia and astrocyte in nociceptive processing regions of the lumbar spinal cord. (bvsalud.org)
- They originated from a lumbar segment of the spinal cord (present in the lower back), which then extended to the buttocks and then spread from thigh of each leg to the calf, lower part of the feet and the first toes. (nigellasativacenter.com)
Neuropathic Pain2
- Although current therapies attempt to promote nerve regeneration, only 50% of persons fully regain motor and sensory function, while others retain poor motor control and neuropathic pain. (cns.org)
- We reveal a novel approach to accelerating nerve regeneration and improving the neuropathic pain. (cns.org)
Sensory3
- The excessive stretch results in incomplete sensory and/or motor function of the injured nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- Sensory Nerves - sensory nerves control pain and other sensations. (denverlaw.com)
- Often, the crush affects limb movement and sensory responses. (attorneysofchicago.com)
Internal organs1
- Nerves exiting near the chest area are in charge of internal organs. (upmc.com)
Tissues1
- however, peripheral nerves and other tissues may be infected. (cdc.gov)
Limb1
- A crushed limb can lead to all sorts of problems, including shock and kidney failure. (mg4law.com)
Trauma2
- Virtually any type of trauma can affect nerves. (denverlaw.com)
- Many times the onset of the symptoms coincides with the trauma of a spinal fracture. (norellehealth.com)
Sciatica3
- Sciatica pain is a neurological pain that occurs due to irritation and any neurological pinch that develop in the sciatic nerves. (nigellasativacenter.com)
- Spinal disc herniation is the most common underlying cause of generating sciatica pain symptoms. (nigellasativacenter.com)
- Even diabetic neuropathy can cause sciatica pain because such condition can affect any nerve in the body. (nigellasativacenter.com)
Cervical1
- A cervical collar or back brace for up to 3 months might be used to support your spinal cord while limiting movement. (norellehealth.com)
Thinner2
- In most cases, the nerve roots are stretched or torn from their origin, since the meningeal covering of a nerve root is thinner than the sheath enclosing the nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- Though it has a big job, your spinal cord is thinner than you might think-about a half-inch thick. (upmc.com)
Impaired nerve regeneration1
- Rodents lacking VEGFs showed impaired nerve regeneration (Sun et al. (vinomis.com)
Stretch1
- Your nerves stretch and get damaged. (denverlaw.com)
Rats2
- In several studies, rats with injured spinal cords have recovered some movement, a few even walking again. (scientificamerican.com)
- Schwab partially severed the spinal cords of several rats. (scientificamerican.com)
Radiculopathy1
- So whether you've suffered a pinched nerve or radiculopathy, you deserve justice. (denverlaw.com)
Body3
- This phenomenon frustrated neuroscientists because severed nerves in other parts of the body can reestablish connections. (scientificamerican.com)
- Your chiropractor's gentle spinal manipulation will block inflammatory substances known as cytokines, allowing your body to heal naturally and easing pain and inflammation without drugs or invasive procedures. (cristchiropractic.com)
- Sciatic nerves are two in numbers and are the largest nerves in our body. (nigellasativacenter.com)
Discs1
- Herniated discs - During the collision, a disc could shift and put pressure on nerves. (elmens.com)
Partially1
- Autonomic Nerves - these nerves control our involuntary and partially voluntary activities. (denverlaw.com)
Nervous system1
- Nerves are an essential part of our nervous system. (denverlaw.com)
Pain3
- Over-the-counter pain relievers and prescription medications, such as anti-inflammatory drugs and nerve pain medications, can help relieve pain and improve nerve function. (yourhairlosstreatment.net)
- Electrical stimulation, such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), can help reduce pain and improve nerve function. (yourhairlosstreatment.net)
- An additional surgery may be indicated in where there is a more severe fracture where nerves are crushed or there is severe pain. (norellehealth.com)
Doctors1
- Doctors can also apply electrical stimulation to your spinal cord. (msdmanuals.com)
Inflammatory1
- Animals consuming phytate showed reduced spinal cord tumor necrosis factor (TNF), indicating altered inflammatory process. (bvsalud.org)
Permanent1
- But third-degree burns can destroy nerves, leading to permanent loss of sensation. (attorneysofchicago.com)