• analgesia (lack of sensation which also blunts autonomic reflexes) muscle relaxation Different types of anesthesia affect the endpoints differently. (wikipedia.org)
  • Even minor surgical procedures in livestock are now performed using a combination of regional, local, or general anesthesia combined with uninterrupted post-surgical analgesia. (ivis.org)
  • A very important concern is the theoretical risk of apoptosis and neurodegeneration caused by drugs used to provide sedation, analgesia, and anesthesia for infants and young children (particularly those under the age of 3 years). (degruyter.com)
  • Also, if there is no maternal respiratory or circulatory depression as a result of the use of drugs for pain relief, the condition of the infant at birth is unrelated to the use of analgesia and anesthesia. (nih.gov)
  • Continuous caudal analgesia solves well the problems of pain relief toward the end of the first stage, and of the second stage. (nih.gov)
  • The study was done to compare the effects of intrathecal and intravenous clonidine on duration of spinal anaesthesia and to evaluate any advantages or disadvantages of intravenous over intrathecal clonidine in terms of analgesia, sedation, post-operative shivering and hemodynamic stability. (oaji.net)
  • Background: This study was aimed at comparing the duration and quality of epidural analgesia between plain bupivacaine alone with plain bupivacaine and tramadol in lower limb orthopaedic surgeries. (bvsalud.org)
  • The duration of analgesia was from the time of epidural block to the time of rescue analgesia. (bvsalud.org)
  • Avoiding jugular venipuncture, providing adequate sedation/analgesia, and preventing hyperglycemia and hyperthermia are also beneficial (see Chapter 8). (veteriankey.com)
  • CLOROTEKAL® is an ester local anesthetic indicated for intrathecal injection in adults for the production of subarachnoid block (spinal anesthesia). (nih.gov)
  • CLOROTEKAL® (chloroprocaine hydrochloride) is indicated for intrathecal injection for the production of subarachnoid block (spinal anesthesia) in adults undergoing surgical procedures. (nih.gov)
  • CLOROTEKAL® must only be administered by clinicians with the necessary knowledge and experience in the intrathecal anesthesia administration. (nih.gov)
  • For more information, see Procedural Sedation. (medscape.com)
  • An Effective Alternative for Procedural Sedation? (medscape.com)
  • This article provides a descriptive account of the reports from the literature regarding the use of a combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine for procedural sedation. (medscape.com)
  • A computerized bibliographic search of the literature regarding dexmedetomidine and ketamine for procedural sedation. (medscape.com)
  • The available literature except for one trial is favorable regarding the utility of a combination of ketamine and dexmedetomidine for procedural sedation. (medscape.com)
  • In recent years there has been a shift in the philosophy regarding procedural sedation given the increasing recognition of the negative aspects of inadequate sedation. (medscape.com)
  • In the general practice of procedural sedation, propofol is a frequently chosen agent because it can be easily titrated by continuous infusion, is generally effective, and allows for rapid awakening once the procedure is completed. (medscape.com)
  • Although Food and Drug Administration-approved only for use in adults, dexmedetomidine continues to be used successfully in several different clinical scenarios in infants and children, including procedural sedation. (medscape.com)
  • Consequently, ketamine is indicated in prehospital induction of anesthesia, induction of anesthesia in potentially hemodynamic unstable patients, and in patients at risk of bronchospasm. (degruyter.com)
  • Aims: To compare propofol with etomidate with respect to hemodynamic stability during induction of anesthesia. (oaji.net)
  • However both agents can be appropriate for induction of anesthesia in cardiac surgical procedures, if given judiciously. (oaji.net)
  • Regional caudal blockade in a pediatric patient affected by the Joubert syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • However, caudal anesthesia is a viable and often used option in the pediatric population for postoperative pain control. (medscape.com)
  • Physician-researchers extend the possibilities for regional anesthesia using combined spinal/caudal catheter anesthesia, allowing even complex, time-consuming pediatric urological surgeries to be completed without general anesthesia. (pediatricsnationwide.org)
  • In most places, it's almost expected that any child who comes to the operating room has general anesthesia," says V. Rama Jayanthi, MD , chief of urology at Nationwide Children's and lead author on a Journal of Pediatric Urology study detailing his team's experience in SCC. (pediatricsnationwide.org)
  • In the pediatric population, ketamine can be administered through practically all routes, making it an advantageous drug for the sedation required setting such as placement of difficult vascular access and in uncooperative and oppositional children. (degruyter.com)
  • We review the anesthetic implications of Joubert syndrome and report that spinal anesthesia under intravenous propofol sedation proved satisfactory for repair of an inguinal hernia in a spontaneously ventilating infant with this syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore, administration of local anesthetic to the spermatic cord itself, while establishing anesthesia of the testicle and epididymis, does not establish anesthesia of the overlying skin. (medscape.com)
  • This can usually be addressed with some discussion of the block and the assurance that every effort will be made to make the patient comfortable, generally including monitored anesthetic care or conscious sedation. (medscape.com)
  • Anesthesia for surgery on the testicles and epididymis can easily be obtained by performing either a spinal anesthetic (with an insensate level of at least thoracic level 10) or an epidural anesthetic. (medscape.com)
  • Often, a spinal anesthetic is chosen because of the short duration of most surgical procedures involving these anatomic structures, the low failure rate of neural blockade, and the avoidance of the sacral nerve root sparing that is associated with epidural blockade. (medscape.com)
  • The relatively superficial position of the spermatic cord near the external inguinal ring makes this an ideal position for placement of local anesthetic and anesthesia of the testicle and epididymis. (medscape.com)
  • In an effort to extend more regional anesthetic options to children undergoing urological procedures - and to obviate concerns about airway safety and theoretical neurocognitive effects of general anesthesia (GA) in the very young - a team of anesthetists and surgeons at Nationwide Children's Hospital developed a Spinal Anesthesia Program that now includes formal protocols for the use of combined spinal/caudal catheter (SCC) anesthesia. (pediatricsnationwide.org)
  • Spinal anesthesia, which involves a single anesthetic injection into the subdural space, provides localized, lower-body anesthesia for 60-90 minutes. (pediatricsnationwide.org)
  • Diagnostically, ESIs may help to identify the epidural space as the potential pain generator, through pain relief after local anesthetic injection to the site of presumed anatomic pathology. (medscape.com)
  • The health care provider injects medicine just outside of the sac of fluid around your spinal cord. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The provider injects medicine into the fluid around your spinal cord. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A spermatic cord block is a relatively simple procedure that can be performed to provide anesthesia to the testicle and epididymis. (medscape.com)
  • Note that a spermatic cord block offers anesthesia to only the testicle and epididymis and not the overlying skin, including the scrotum and suprapubic region. (medscape.com)
  • After a further 3 months of strength training, an experiment under anesthesia mapped potential responses to CST and RST stimulation in the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord. (jneurosci.org)
  • Spinal gain was increased on the trained compared with the untrained side of the cord within the intermediate zone and motor nuclei for RST, but not CST, stimulation. (jneurosci.org)
  • These receptors are dendrites of Aδ neurons whose axons course proximally through the spinal nerves where they synapse on gray matter nociceptive specific neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. (ivis.org)
  • Axons of the Aδ neurons synapse in lamina I or onto wide dynamic range neurons of laminae III through V. Axons from both of these postsynaptic neurons enter the white matter of the dorsal and lateral funiculus of the spinal cord, and ascend unsynapsed to the brain through the spinocervical tract. (ivis.org)
  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by disseminated patches of demyelination in the brain and spinal cord. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A woman in a diving accident has a spinal cord injury and is paralyzed below the waist. (aiu.edu)
  • The physiatrist treats the array of medical issues that occur as the result of a spinal cord injury, and also leads the interdisciplinary team to enable the woman to reach the highest level of functioning possible. (aiu.edu)
  • Your spinal cord is filled with nerves, which help your body and brain communicate. (spineina.com)
  • Nerves enter and exit the spinal cord and branch out into the muscles of your body. (spineina.com)
  • Your spine specialist will want to examine you for signs of any issues with your balance, pain, loss of sensation, weakness in your muscles, or any signs of spinal cord damage. (spineina.com)
  • Nerve blocks are injections of local anesthesia around the sympathetic nerves in the neck or lower back. (naplesdaysurgery.com)
  • Epidural steroid injections have been used for pain control in patients with radiculopathy, spinal stenosis, and nonspecific low back pain, despite inconsistent results as well as heterogeneous populations and interventions in randomized trials. (wellcare.com)
  • Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) have been endorsed by the North American Spine Society and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (formerly, the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research) of the Department of Health and Human Services as an integral part of nonsurgical management of radicular pain from lumbar spine disorders. (medscape.com)
  • see also Approaches for Epidural Injections) was performed in 1901, when cocaine was injected to treat lumbago and sciatica (presumably pain referred from lumbar nerve roots). (medscape.com)
  • The clinical use of lumbar epidural steroid injections has increased dramatically. (researchgate.net)
  • Although there are certainly beneficial effects to using epidural steroid injections in a treatment regimen for lumbar radicular pain, there is a lack of well designed, placebo-controlled studies to define conclusively specific indications and techniques for different spinal diagnoses. (researchgate.net)
  • This article reviews the pathophysiology of lumbar radiculopathy and the use of epidural steroid injections as one treatment option, as well as describes their risks and benefits. (researchgate.net)
  • Based on current literature, we offer an evidence-based perspective regarding rational use of lumbar epidural steroid injections for certain indications and treatment goals. (researchgate.net)
  • 2,3,5-9 Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) may therefore have a role in the treatment of radicular low back pain, after the failure of conservative management. (researchgate.net)
  • Introduction: We sought to document the efficacy of interlaminar epidural steroid injections (ESIs) for the relief of low back pain in a rural population. (researchgate.net)
  • PMID- 1853740 TI - [The Akinosi dental anesthesia technique: apropos of 10 clinical cases]. (nih.gov)
  • Use of spinal or continuous caudal anesthesia for inguinal hernia repair in premature infants: are there advantages? (nih.gov)
  • Laparoscopy: Diagnostic laparoscopy is a very effective method for determining the presence of an inguinal hernia but is used only selectively because it requires anesthesia and surgery. (medscape.com)
  • Jones LJ, Craven PD, Lakkundi A, Foster JP, Badawi N. Regional (spinal, epidural, caudal) versus general anaesthesia in preterm infants undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy in early infancy. (medscape.com)
  • Rarely was an intravenous bar- biturate used to counteract overdosage of a drug used for regional anesthesia. (nih.gov)
  • For delivery of the infant, 6 per- cent received no anesthesia of any kind, 9 percent pudendal block, 26 percent caudal or spinal anes- thesia, and 59 percent inhalation anesthesia. (nih.gov)
  • ANES) Basics of Anesthesia Lecture Series: 13. (virginia.edu)
  • Neuraxial blockade, mainly epidural and spinal anesthesia, can be performed in the region of the central nervous system itself, suppressing all incoming sensation from nerves supplying the area of the block. (wikipedia.org)
  • The sympathetic nerves are present on the front side of the spinal column. (naplesdaysurgery.com)
  • It permits an effective anesthesia of the inferior alveolar, lingual and buccal nerves to be obtained with a single injection. (nih.gov)
  • The nerves in your spine pass through a narrow space in your spinal canal called the foramen. (spineina.com)
  • This is where your spinal nerves are at their most vulnerable for being pinched, compressed, or irritated by pressure. (spineina.com)
  • An epidural injection can be performed in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar or caudal (tailbone) area of the spine. (naplesdaysurgery.com)
  • D, A sagittal T2-weighted MRI obtained in a 22-week fetus with a myelomeningocele prior to surgery (patient 1) shows that the inferior cerebellum is wedge-shaped and impacted into the cervical spinal canal (arrowhead). (jamanetwork.com)
  • Bupivacaine hydrochloride injection, USP is available in sterile isotonic solution for injection via local infiltration, peripheral nerve block, and caudal and lumbar epidural blocks. (nih.gov)
  • An epidural injection is a procedure performed to reduce swelling, inflammation or irritation of the spinal nerve roots involved in causing your pain. (naplesdaysurgery.com)
  • Injection of corticosteroids into the epidural space for the management of lumbar radicular pain was first recorded in 1952. (medscape.com)
  • Animal research in dogs and rats also has revealed severe inflammation locally within the epidural space and nerve root after injection of autologous nuclear material into the epidural space. (medscape.com)
  • 7,10-12 Caudal ESI involves the injection of medication through the sacral hiatus, transforaminal ESI uses the neural foramen to target a specific nerve root and interlaminar ESI enters the epidural space between the laminae. (researchgate.net)
  • Group A (n=37) received 19mls of 0.5% epidural plain bupivacaine with 1 ml of water for injection, while group B received 19mls of 0.5% epidural plain bupivacaine with 1ml (50mg) of preservative freetramadol. (bvsalud.org)
  • Local anesthesia is simple infiltration by the clinician directly onto the region of interest (e.g. numbing a tooth for dental work). (wikipedia.org)
  • Future studies should compare different regional anesthesia techniques, including surgeon-administered techniques such as wound infiltration or catheters. (bvsalud.org)
  • You want fewer systemic medicines and less "hangover" than you would have from general anesthesia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Three broad categories of anesthesia exist: General anesthesia suppresses central nervous system activity and results in unconsciousness and total lack of sensation, using either injected or inhaled drugs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Depending on the situation, this may be used either on its own (in which case the individual remains fully conscious), or in combination with general anesthesia or sedation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Association Between a Single General Anesthesia Exposure Before Age 36 Months and Neurocognitive Outcomes in Later Childhood. (medscape.com)
  • In general, the progression of anesthesia is related to the diameter, myelination, and conduction velocity of affected nerve fibers. (nih.gov)
  • The procedure is performed under general anesthesia with the patient asleep. (naplesdaysurgery.com)
  • External catheter removal is usually performed under general anesthesia on an outpatient basis. (naplesdaysurgery.com)
  • PMID- 1853739 TI - [Tooth injuries during general anesthesia, oral endoscopy and vibro-massage]. (nih.gov)
  • The study team began to place a caudal epidural catheter in selected cases to prolong the duration of the surgical block, refining their protocol as they gained experience. (pediatricsnationwide.org)
  • Now, 60 minutes after spinal anesthesia is administered, children receive an automatic bolus of chloroprocaine through the caudal catheter. (pediatricsnationwide.org)
  • Theoretically, however, the SCC technique could extend effective regional anesthesia for as long as needed through the catheter bolus every 60 minutes. (pediatricsnationwide.org)
  • As the effect of these drugs is wearing off, a vinyl plastic catheter is inserted into the caudal TABLE II P. Cc. B. Vaginal deliveries No. of Infants 134 3,800 Scores 0-1-2 3% 5.1% Scores 3-4-5-6-7 21% 23.8% Scores 8-9-10 76% 71.1% canal through a 16 gauge needle so that the tip of the catheter lies at about the second sacral seg- ment. (nih.gov)
  • Its unique pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties allow the use of ketamine in various clinical settings including sedation, ambulatory anesthesia, and intensive care practices. (degruyter.com)
  • In summary, clinical practice and animal research suggest that radicular pain is the result of inflammation of the nerve root in the epidural space provoked by leakage of disk material, compression of the nerve root vasculature, and/or irritation of dorsal root ganglia from spinal stenosis. (medscape.com)
  • Aim of our study: To prolong the duration of spinal anaesthesia after the block has been performed. (oaji.net)
  • If the anatomy of the caudal region feels completely mysterious, a continuous lumbar epidural anesthesia is per- formed by preference, without subjecting the mother to traumatic attempts at caudal anesthesia. (nih.gov)
  • Schematic depiction of the caudal (A) and lateral (B) views of the dermatomes of the perineal (dermatomes 1 to 3), sacral (dermatomes 4 and 5), lumbar (dermatomes 7 to 9), and thoracic (dermatome 10) regions of horses. (avma.org)
  • Amnesia doses of scopolamine are not recommended because of total lack of co-operation of the patient, and extreme restlessness necessitating surgical planes of anesthesia for delivery. (nih.gov)
  • Although various regimens have been reported in the literature, the most effective regimen appears to be the use of a bolus dose of both agents, dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg) and ketamine (1-2 mg/kg), to initiate sedation. (medscape.com)
  • The radicular LBP caused by spinal stenosis is probably related to the inhibition of normal nerve root vascular flow with resultant nerve root nutrition, nerve root edema, and nerve root dysfunction. (medscape.com)
  • With a relatively noninvasive and simple technique, anesthesia of the testicles and epididymis can be achieved. (medscape.com)
  • Although generally effective for sedation during noninvasive procedures, dexmedetomidine as the sole agent has not been uniformly successful for invasive procedures. (medscape.com)
  • The risks of complications during or after anesthesia are often difficult to separate from those of the procedure for which anesthesia is being given, but in the main they are related to three factors: the health of the individual, the complexity and stress of the procedure itself, and the anaesthetic technique. (wikipedia.org)
  • A patient's refusal to undergo regional anesthesia for surgical procedures of the testicle and epididymis may often be rooted in the belief that he will be awake during the procedure and would just rather be "all the way asleep" for a surgery in this sensitive region. (medscape.com)
  • Regardless of the procedure, there are several options for the agent or agents chosen for sedation. (medscape.com)
  • In preparing for a medical or veterinary procedure, the clinician chooses one or more drugs to achieve the types and degree of anesthesia characteristics appropriate for the type of procedure and the particular patient. (wikipedia.org)
  • The goal of anesthesia is to achieve the endpoints required for the given surgical procedure with the least risk to the subject. (wikipedia.org)
  • Spinal and epidural anesthesia are procedures that deliver medicines that numb parts of your body to block pain. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Spinal and epidural anesthesia work well for certain procedures and do not require placing a breathing tube into the windpipe (trachea). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Spinal anesthesia is often used for genital, urinary tract, or lower body procedures. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Therefore, more patients are being sedated for procedures and the depth of sedation achieved is increasing in certain environments. (medscape.com)
  • Anesthesia enables the painless performance of procedures that would otherwise require physical restraint in a non-anesthetized individual, or would otherwise be technically unfeasible. (wikipedia.org)
  • The combined approach has made it possible to perform even lengthy, complex procedures, such as ureteral implantation, under regional anesthesia. (pediatricsnationwide.org)
  • Epidural anesthesia is often used during labor and delivery, and surgery in the pelvis and legs. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Dr. Jayanthi explains that parents in particular really like the option to avoid GA. While Dr. Jayanthi calls GA "incredibly safe," he notes that parents often have more concerns about anesthesia than the surgery itself. (pediatricsnationwide.org)
  • Anesthesia for fetal surgery. (jamanetwork.com)
  • An additional benefit is that the addition of ketamine to initiate the sedation process speeds the onset of sedation, thereby eliminating the slow onset time when dexmedetomidine is the sole agent. (medscape.com)
  • Mean ± SD avoidance threshold for electrical stimulation of the perineal (A), sacral (B), lumbar (C), and throracic (D) regions after epidural administration of hydromorphone (triangles) or sterile water (squares) in horses. (avma.org)
  • In adult patients, caudal anesthesia is generally not performed because of a high failure rate in this population. (medscape.com)
  • Spinal anesthesia was unsuccessful in three children, who were switched successfully to GA. The remaining 20 patients completed operations such as ureteral implantations, ureterocele excisions and reimplantations, megaureter repairs, first- and second-stage hypospadias repairs, feminizing genitoplasties and open pyeloplasty. (pediatricsnationwide.org)
  • Other imaging such as CT scans gives your spinal doctor a three-dimensional view of your spine and its structure. (spineina.com)
  • Inflammation within the epidural space and nerve roots, as can be provoked by a herniated disk, is a significant factor in causing radicular pain. (medscape.com)
  • Regional and local anesthesia, which blocks transmission of nerve impulses from a specific part of the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 1 ] According to reports, epidurals from the 1920s to 1940s involved using high volumes of normal saline and local anesthetics. (medscape.com)
  • Introduction: There are studies which infer that spinal anaesthesia can be prolonged after adding adjuvants to local anaesthetics or by oral premedication before the block is performed. (oaji.net)
  • We caution that anatomical peculiarities may complicate performance of a caudal epidural block and suggest consideration of the use of caffeine to ameliorate the apneic episodes seen in early infancy in this syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • This maintains pain relief, allowing for seamless anesthesia as the spinal block recedes. (pediatricsnationwide.org)
  • We pride ourselves in providing walking epidurals to parturient and ensure that they have a pain free labour experience. (edu.in)
  • Anesthesia or anaesthesia is a state of controlled, temporary loss of sensation or awareness that is induced for medical or veterinary purposes. (wikipedia.org)
  • A, The unified theory of embryogenesis of the Chiari II malformation postulates that downward displacement of the cerebellar vermis and tonsils (a) occurs because of negative pressure in the spinal canal generated from drainage of spinal fluid from the open myelomeningocele (b). (jamanetwork.com)