Sperm membrane physiology sperm ovum interactions. Medical search. Frequent questions

Oxygen free radicals are naturally produced by mitochondrial and sperm plasma membrane and have beneficial and detrimental effects that cannot be overlooked. (scialert.net)
The in-folding of plasma membrane in some bacterial cells that carry respiratory enzymes. (eduhyme.com)
1. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) injected into unfertilized golden hamster eggs elicits a hyperpolarizing response (HR) that is due to stimulation of calcium-activated potassium channels in the egg plasma membrane. (ox.ac.uk)
The underlying zona pellucida (pellucid = "transparent") is a transparent, but thick, glycoprotein membrane that surrounds the cell's plasma membrane. (openstax.org)
Finally, a single sperm makes contact with sperm-binding receptors on the oocyte's plasma membrane ( Figure 28.2 ). (openstax.org)
The plasma membrane of that sperm then fuses with the oocyte's plasma membrane, and the head and mid-piece of the "winning" sperm enter the oocyte interior. (openstax.org)
Rather, hundreds of sperm cells must undergo the acrosomal reaction, each helping to degrade the corona radiata and zona pellucida until a path is created to allow one sperm to contact and fuse with the plasma membrane of the oocyte. (openstax.org)

However, the over production of oxygen free radicals in sperm membrane decreases the antioxidant defense activity thereby leading to low sperm motility and viability, DNA fragmentation and protein denaturation. (scialert.net)
Structural events and molecular mechanisms that promote mammalian sperm acrosomal exocytosis and motility. (uba.ar)
This analysis evaluates the sperm count (normal is greater than twenty million), sperm motility and shape, and semen volume. (westonaprice.org)
Fertilization relies on the motility of sperm and, in mammals, muscular contractions of the uterus. (engconf.us)

The acrosome, a single exocytotic vesicle on the head of sperm, has an essential role in fertilization, but the exact mechanisms by which it facilitates sperm-egg interactions remain unresolved. (nih.gov)
The tube, which connects the peritoneal space to the endometrial cavity, captures the egg after ovulation and transports the sperm from the uterus to the fertilization site in the ampulla (the middle portion of the tube). (medscape.com)
InsP3 injections desensitize CICR and cannot mimic all the features of Ca2+ signalling at fertilization in the hamster egg, in particular, the sensitization of CICR caused by the sperm. (ox.ac.uk)
The equatorial segment of the acrosome underlies the domain of the sperm that fuses with the egg membrane during fertilization. (bioone.org)
Fertilization occurs when a sperm and an oocyte (egg) combine and their nuclei fuse. (openstax.org)
During the journey, fluids in the female reproductive tract prepare the sperm for fertilization through a process called capacitation , or priming. (openstax.org)

Some gene knockouts produce infertile phenotypes with obviously missing, specific activities that affect acrosome biogenesis during spermatogenesis or interfere with acrosome function in mature sperm. (nih.gov)
The primordial germ cells differentiate in the testis, in these seminiferous tubules… But let me first fast forward to the end of the process and describe a complete, mature sperm cell or spermatozoon. (ussromantics.com)
Subsequently, ESP was localized to electron-dense regions of the equatorial segment and the expanded equatorial bulb in elongating spermatids and mature sperm. (bioone.org)

Diagram showing the reduction in number of the chromosomes in the process of maturation of the ovum . (wikipedia.org)
oocytogenesis , ootidogenesis , and finally maturation to form an ovum (oogenesis proper). (wikipedia.org)

This review focuses on recent findings using genetically modified mice (gene knockouts and transgenic 'green acrosome' mice) to study the effects of eliminating acrosomal matrix-associated proteins on sperm structure and function. (nih.gov)
[22] A mitochondrion contains outer and inner membranes composed of phospholipid bilayers and proteins . (wikipedia.org)
A microscopic membrane made up of lipids and proteins which forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole, and regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cytoplasm. (eduhyme.com)
Peripheral membrane proteins are proteins that adhere only temporarily to the biological membrane with which they are associated. (eduhyme.com)
These molecules attach to integral membrane proteins, or penetrate the peripheral regions of the lipid bilayer. (eduhyme.com)

Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy . (wikipedia.org)

This initiates a process called the acrosomal reaction in which the enzyme-filled "cap" of the sperm, called the acrosome , releases its stored digestive enzymes. (openstax.org)

Mammalian sperm cells present highly specific lipidic composition, high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, plasmalogenes and sphingomyelins. (scialert.net)
In one of the most well-studied examples, the spermatozoa of all mammalian species must undergo a series of physiological changes, termed capacitation, in the female reproductive tract before realizing their potential to fertilize an ovum. (bvsalud.org)

Some sperm undergo a spontaneous acrosomal reaction, which is an acrosomal reaction not triggered by contact with the zona pellucida. (openstax.org)

Almost immediately, millions of these sperm are overcome by the acidity of the vagina (approximately pH 3.8), and millions more may be blocked from entering the uterus by thick cervical mucus. (openstax.org)

Then, upon contact with the zona pellucida, the sperm bind to receptors in the zona pellucida. (openstax.org)
These enzymes clear a path through the zona pellucida that allows sperm to reach the oocyte. (openstax.org)

With the discovery of the microscope, Leeuwenhock (1632-1723) described the sperm of man and other mammals. (biologydiscussion.com)

Another distinctive feature of a cellular structure regarded as an "organelle" is when it has a biological membrane that compartmentalizes its contents. (biologyonline.com)
It is the biological membrane that separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment. (eduhyme.com)

[5] The cyclic AMP is generated by the oocyte by adenylyl cyclase in the oocyte membrane. (wikipedia.org)
The adenylyl cyclase is kept active by a constitutively active G-protein-coupled receptor known as GPR3 and a G-protein, Gs, also present in the oocyte membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, the race into the uterine tubes, which is the most typical site for sperm to encounter the oocyte, is reduced to a few thousand contenders. (openstax.org)
If the sperm do not encounter an oocyte immediately, they can survive in the uterine tubes for another 3-5 days. (openstax.org)
Sperm must undergo the process of capacitation in order to have the "capacity" to fertilize an oocyte. (openstax.org)
As it is swept along the distal uterine tube, the oocyte encounters the surviving capacitated sperm, which stream toward it in response to chemical attractants released by the cells of the corona radiata. (openstax.org)
To reach the oocyte itself, the sperm must penetrate the two protective layers. (openstax.org)
As you can see, the first sperm to reach the oocyte is never the one to fertilize it. (openstax.org)

Gel like substance enclosed within the cell membrane excluding nucleus. (eduhyme.com)
The cell that lacks a distinct nucleus and other specialized membrane bound organelles. (eduhyme.com)
An organism whose cell contains a membrane bound distinct nucleus along with other specialized organelles enclosed in membranes. (eduhyme.com)
Animals are generally considered to be multicellular organisms that are capable of locomotion in response to their environment (motile), are required to ingest or eat and swallow other organisms to gain proper nutrition (heterotropic), contain within each cell genetic material organized as two sets of chromosomes within a membrane-bound nucleus ( eukaryotic ), develop through a blastula (hollow ball) stage, and integrate muscle tissue, nervous tissue, and collagen into their body. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

That's an active, motile sperm - plural spermatozoa, or just plain sperm. (ussromantics.com)
During ejaculation, hundreds of millions of sperm (spermatozoa) are released into the vagina. (openstax.org)

In practice, fish anatomy and fish physiology complement each other, the former dealing with the structure of a fish, its organs or component parts and how they are put together, such as might be observed on the dissecting table or under the microscope, and the latter dealing with how those components function together in living fish. (wikipedia.org)
Animal models (e.g., mice, rats, zebrafish and others) are sufficiently like humans in their anatomy, physiology or response to a pathogen that researchers can extrapolate the results of animal model studies to better understand human physiology and disease. (genome.gov)

1) membrane-bound organelles (included are double-membraned and single-membraned cytoplasmic structures). (biologyonline.com)

However, spermatozoa's lipids are the main substrates for peroxidation, which may provoke severe functional disorder of sperm. (scialert.net)

C. Mitochondrial DNA is wholly inherited from the ovum. (your-doctor.net)

They also deplete cholesterol molecules embedded in the membrane of the head of the sperm, thinning the membrane in such a way that will help facilitate the release of the lysosomal (digestive) enzymes needed for the sperm to penetrate the oocyte's exterior once contact is made. (openstax.org)
How do sperm penetrate the corona radiata? (openstax.org)

Throughout the great range of sizes, many animal species reproduce through a sexual interaction between male and female partners in which one set of chromosomes from each parent fuse to form a zygote that develops into a new individual. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Animals are eukaryotic (genetic material is organized in membrane-bound nuclei) and multicellular (comprised of more than one cell), which separates them from bacteria and most protists . (newworldencyclopedia.org)

The hymen is a thin membrane that sometimes partially covers the entrance to the vagina. (edu.vn)

Oocytes were collected from slaughterhouse-derived ovaries, matured in vitro, and injected with frozen-thawed stallion sperm. (bioone.org)
Hormonal interaction between the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland, and ovaries regulates the female reproductive system. (msdmanuals.com)

The matrix (space within the inner membrane), which is a fluid. (wikipedia.org)
even at birth, this is only a partial membrane, as menstrual fluid and other secretions must be able to exit the body, regardless of penile-vaginal intercourse. (edu.vn)
Complex fluid-structure interactions are central to the reproductive process. (engconf.us)

Complex coordinated contractions of the musculature are thought to be important for movement of the ovum from the distal end to the proximal end of the tube, while at the same time aiding in the movement of sperm from the proximal end to the distal end of the oviduct. (medscape.com)

The session will highlight the underlining role of modern CFD techniques for improving our understanding respiratory physiology and developing novel therapeutic strategies. (engconf.us)

Fertilisation of an ovum by a spermatozoon results in the formation of a zygote. (biologydiscussion.com)

In reality, looking at sperm under the microscope is not a very accurate way to assess their ability to fertilize an egg, but it is the best test currently available. (westonaprice.org)

Sperm cell membranes are high in polyunsaturated fatty acids and are sensitive to oxygen free radical induced damage mediated by lipid peroxidation. (scialert.net)
The process of intake of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane is called pinocytosis, also called drinking of cell. (eduhyme.com)
[1] is the differentiation of the ovum (egg cell) into a cell competent to further develop when fertilized. (wikipedia.org)

The most common cause of infertility in men is abnormal sperm, accounting for 90 percent of cases. (westonaprice.org)
How is sperm tested to determine whether it is abnormal? (westonaprice.org)

In this 2nd conference, we will cover all aspects of fundamental and advanced state-of-the-art developments and applications of CFD tools in medicine, bio-engineering and biology, from cellular to organ level and from physiology to the design and development of medical devices. (engconf.us)

These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, intermembrane space , inner membrane , cristae , and matrix . (wikipedia.org)

Importantly, perturbations in the microbiome can lead to both metabolic and immune diseases, highlighting the importance of understanding the "healthy" human microbiome and its interaction with the host. (frontiersin.org)
Equatorial segment protein (ESP), a novel 349-amino acid concanavalin-A-binding protein encoded by a two-exon gene ( SP-ESP ) located on chromosome 15 at q22, has been localized to the equatorial segment of ejaculated human sperm. (bioone.org)
Amphoteric: An herb or substance which works on human physiology in such a way that it promotes 'balance' or homeostasis. (tropinaturals.com)

Spermatogonia are undifferentiated male germ cells, or sperm cells. (ussromantics.com)

Ciliary motion drives ovum transport in the fallopian tubes. (engconf.us)

This study was conducted to evaluate in vivo and in vitro development of in vitro-matured equine oocytes fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. (bioone.org)

It can be contrasted with fish physiology, which is the study of how the component parts of fish function together in the living fish. (wikipedia.org)

A healthy sperm entering the ovum. (westonaprice.org)

This unusual structure of sperm membrane is responsible for its flexibility and the functional ability of sperm cells. (scialert.net)
FSH has a beta subunit of 111 amino acids (FSH β), which confers its specific biologic action, and is responsible for interaction with the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor . (wikidoc.org)

Anatomy56

Organisms23

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs62

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment42

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes66

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture7

Information Science4

Health Care3

Plasma membrane7

Motility4

Fertilization6

Mature sperm3

Maturation2

Proteins5

Mitochondria1

Acrosome1

Mammalian2

Acrosomal1

Uterus1

Zona pellucida2

Mammals1

Biological membrane2

Oocyte8

Nucleus4

Spermatozoa2

Anatomy2

Double-membraned1

Lipids1

Mitochondrial DNA1

Penetrate2

Chromosomes1

Nuclei1

Vagina1

Ovaries2

Fluid3

Distal1

Respiratory1

Spermatozoon1

Microscope1

Cell3

Abnormal2

Cellular1

Outer1

Human3

Male1

Transport1

Development1

Function1

Healthy1

Responsible2