• The concept of embryonic induction, first demonstrated in the famous gastrula organizer transplantation experiments by Hilde Mangold and Hans Spemann in their 1924 landmark publication and awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1935, has been the most influential discovery promoting 100 years of research into organization phenomena in biology. (elsevier.com)
  • In 1924, Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold discovered a region in the dorsal blastopore lip of an amphibian embryo that induced certain neighboring cells into becoming neural tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Self-Organization in Biology: Freiburg Spemann-Mangold Centennial Symposium celebrates 100 years of scientific advances rooted in Hilde Mangold's and Hans Spemann's discovery of the gastrula organizer in vertebrate development, published in 1924 and awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1935. (elsevier.com)
  • In a particularly revealing experiment published in 1924, Spemann and his student Hilde Proescholdt Mangold (1898-1924), using salamanders, transplanted a portion of the dorsal lip of the blastopore (the region of the gastrula just above the point of invagination) into the blastocoel, or entral cavity of the blastula of a host embryo. (mbl.edu)
  • Spemann's organizer and self-regulation in amphibian embryos. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hans Spemann, who directed the Zoological Institute at Freiburg that had been established by August Weismann (1834-1914), accepted Hamburger as a graduate student for the year 1920-21. (mbl.edu)
  • Widely recognized evidence to disprove germ layer theory came in 1922, from Hilde Proescholdt Mangold and her doctoral advisor, Hans Spemann, working at the Zoological Institute in Freiburg, Germany. (asu.edu)
  • builds a bridge to today's molecular and cellular understanding self-organization in developing systems, including gastrulation, stem cell organoids, morphogen gradients, invertebrate systems, Evo-Devo, and emerging fields deriving from the discovery of embryonic induction. (elsevier.com)
  • The scope of the conference ranges from embryonic induction and the gastrula organizer itself to its signaling systems, cell behavior during gastrulation, morphogenesis and pattern formation. (elsevier.com)
  • His techniques of transplanting embryonic regions from younger to older embryos (or vice-versa ) led to the concept of embryonic induction, the process by which previously-differentiated tissues trigger the next stage of differentiation, in a kind of cascade, in the developmental sequence. (mbl.edu)
  • As Spemann and others would soon recognize, however, induction was a much broader phenomenon. (mbl.edu)
  • Different pieces of tissue seemed to induce different results, and while the Spemann lab catalogued and correlated those effects, it soon became clear that induction was not a simple linear process. (mbl.edu)
  • Gastrulation is a key event in animal embryogenesis during which germ layer precursors are rearranged and the embryonic axes are established. (nature.com)
  • Gastrulation movements are orchestrated by a small, heterogeneous group of cells with inductive and morphogenetic properties located in the dorsal lip of the blastopore (DBL) of the amphibian gastrula known as the Spemann-Mangold organizer or dorsal organizer. (nature.com)
  • Mangold transplanted ectoderm harvested from the dorsal lip, the main organizing tissue of the embryo during gastrulation, between donor and host species of newts. (asu.edu)
  • The profile of genetic activity and the tissue contribution by cells in the organizer change during gastrulation, suggesting that the organizer may be populated by a succession of cell populations with different fates. (silverchair.com)
  • The hedgehog signaling pathway is a mechanism that regulates cell growth and differentiation during embryonic development, called embryogenesis, in animals. (asu.edu)
  • This cell population can therefore be regarded as the mid-gastrula organizer and, together with the early-gastrula organizer and the node, constitute the organizer of the mouse embryo at successive stages of development. (silverchair.com)
  • Fine mapping of the epiblast in the posterior region of the early-streak stage embryo reveals that although the early-gastrula organizer contains cells that give rise to the axial mesoderm, the bulk of the progenitors of the head process and the notochord are localized outside the early gastrula organizer. (silverchair.com)
  • In the mid-gastrula organizer, early gastrula organizer derived cells that are fated for the prechordal mesoderm are joined by the progenitors of the head process that are recruited from the epiblast previously anterior to the early gastrula organizer. (silverchair.com)
  • Cells that are fated for the head process move anteriorly from the mid-gastrula organizer in a tight column along the midline of the embryo. (silverchair.com)
  • Other mid-gastrula organizer cells join the expanding mesodermal layer and colonize the cranial and heart mesoderm. (silverchair.com)
  • Right panels show immunostaining of head organizer cocktail-injected embryos against notochord by MZ15 (dorsal view of the same embryo as shown in the left panel) and somites by 12/101 (lateral view), respectively. (xenbase.org)
  • The vertebrate organizer is a specified embryonic tissue that regulates dorsoventral patterning and axis formation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Signals from the Nieuwkoop center induce the Spemann-Mangold organizer, thus the Nieuwkoop Center is known as the organizer of the organizer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Even with the BCNE center (Blastula chordin and noggin expression center) removed from the blastula, the Nieuwkoop Center is able to induce formation of the Spemann-Mangold organizer. (wikipedia.org)
  • An organizer population has been identified in the anterior end of the primitive streak of the mid-streak stage embryo, by the expression of Hnf3β , Gsc lacZ and Chrd , and the ability of these cells to induce a second neural axis in the host embryo. (silverchair.com)
  • The Xenopus Nieuwkoop center and Spemann-Mangold organizer share molecular components and a requirement for maternal Wnt activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Early cellular interactions promote embryonic axis formation in Xenopus laevis. (wikipedia.org)
  • To identify new potential key factors of the organizer, we performed complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray screening using organizer-mimicking Xenopus laevis tissue. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here we employ ChIP-seq and RNA-seq approaches in Xenopus tropicalis gastrulae and find that occupancy of the corepressor, TLE/Groucho, is a better indicator of tissue -specific cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) than the coactivator p300 , during early embryonic stages. (xenbase.org)
  • Although numerous cellular signaling pathways have been identified as regulators of the organizer's dynamic functions, the process remains incompletely understood, and as-yet unknown pathways remain to be explored for sophisticated mechanistic understanding of the vertebrate organizer. (bvsalud.org)
  • Investigation of additional candidate genes identified in the cDNA microarray analysis could further delineate the genetic networks of the organizer during vertebrate embryogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Formation of the specialized region on the dorsalmost side of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the vertebrate body plan. (planteome.org)
  • During this time, Spemann continued his experiments with transplantation of tissues in amphibians (frogs and salamanders). (mbl.edu)
  • The Spemann-Mangold organizer is important to developmental biology because it was the first proof that particular cell populations influenced the differentiation of other cells through signaling molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • The conference will link to recent advances on organizing principles in gastruloids and organoids - from stem cells to synthetic organizers. (elsevier.com)
  • Throughout this paper I will detail the early career of Dr. Nusslein-Volhard and the ways in which her research helped to revolutionize the field of developmental biology as it pertains to embryonic development and gene analysis/function. (wepapers.com)
  • Ectoderm is one of three germ layers-groups of cells that coalesce early during the embryonic life of all animals except maybe sponges, and from which organs and tissues form. (asu.edu)
  • Alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs is an important means of regulating developmental processes, yet the molecular mechanisms governing alternative splicing in embryonic contexts are just beginning to emerge. (xenbase.org)
  • These findings demonstrated that Tmem150b functions as a novel membrane regulatory factor of BMP signaling with antagonistic effects, contributing to the understanding of regulatory molecular mechanisms of organizer axis function. (bvsalud.org)
  • German biologist, Christiane Nusslein-Volhard is renowned for elucidation of the genetic control of embryonic development of fruit flies. (wepapers.com)
  • Polyglutamine-binding protein 1 ( PQBP1 ) is an RNA-splicing factor that, when mutated, in humans causes Renpenning syndrome, an X-linked intellectual disability disease characterized by severe cognitive impairment, but also by physical defects that suggest PQBP1 has broader functions in embryonic development. (xenbase.org)
  • We demonstrate a role for a member of the Ssbp family in kidney organogenesis and provide evidence of a fundamental function for the Ldb1-Lhx1-Ssbp transcriptional complexes in embryonic development. (bvsalud.org)
  • The cells of the BCNE region give rise to the forebrain, most of the mid-brain and hind-brain, the notochord, and the floor plate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Note that the notochord reached the anterior-most region in the morphant. (xenbase.org)
  • Tetraploid rescue experiments reveal that lack of β-catenin in the anterior visceral endoderm results in defects in head organizer formation. (biologists.com)
  • Transplant of the Nieuwkoop Center causes formation of an embryonic axis with an endodermal fate which contains dorsal mesoderm. (wikipedia.org)
  • Occupancy of tissue -specific cis-regulatory modules by Otx2 and TLE/Groucho for embryonic head specification. (xenbase.org)
  • Link to all annotated objects annotated to Spemann organizer formation. (planteome.org)
  • Link to all direct and indirect annotations to Spemann organizer formation. (planteome.org)
  • We have used conditional gene deletion of mouse β-catenin in Sox17-positive embryonic and extra-embryonic endoderm as well as vascular endothelial progenitors to address the function of canonical Wnt signalling in cell lineage formation and patterning. (biologists.com)
  • Surprisingly, wild-type posterior visceral endoderm (PVE) in midgut- and hindgut-deficient tetraploid chimera rescues the posterior body axis truncation, indicating that the PVE is important for tail organizer formation. (biologists.com)
  • Note pqbp1 expression is in a broader region than ncam . (xenbase.org)
  • On the nature and function of organizers. (wikipedia.org)
  • This analysis yielded a list of prospective organizer genes, and we determined the role of six-transmembrane domain containing transmembrane protein 150b (Tmem150b) in organizer function. (bvsalud.org)
  • Phenotypes of loss- and gain-of-function of head organizer TFs in frogs. (xenbase.org)
  • This Spemann-Mangold organizer was the first time that a developmental organizer region was identified and studied. (wikipedia.org)
  • Due to difficulty defining definitive Nieuwkoop regions, little is known about the molecular composition of the Nieuwkoop signal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using these devices, Otx2 and other head organizer TFs (for example, Lim1/Lhx1 (activator) or Goosecoid (repressor)) are able to upregulate or downregulate a large battery of target genes in the head organizer . (xenbase.org)