• Musical experience and the aging auditory system: Implications for cognitive abilities and hearing speech in noise. (crossref.org)
  • Although auditory training is one of the main elements of aural rehabilitation, its limitations in terms of time and cost give many hearing-impaired adults less opportunity to achieve better speech perception skill. (e-asr.org)
  • This study develops an auditory training program for mobile devices that was then applied to an adult listener suffering from bilaterally moderate-to-severe sensorineural hearing loss to examine its efficacy. (e-asr.org)
  • These results suggest that a moderate amount of auditory training using a mobile device is effective when it is used to improve the speech perception of hearing-impaired adults. (e-asr.org)
  • My proposed summer research fellowship project will be working on a cross-sectional study of adolescent and adult SiN processing, utilizing objective and behavioral measures of peripheral and central auditory function across age groups including adolescents (13-19 years), young-adults (20-40), and middle-aged adults (40-60). (audiology.org)
  • Another question that's debated is whether speech processing is special and distinct from other kinds of auditory processing since it is not purely an acoustic signal. (brown.edu)
  • Performance was greater for Audio-visually informative (AVinf) speech compared to Auditory-only informative (AOinf) speech across groups and noise levels, and was poorer at low noise levels. (gla.ac.uk)
  • In summary, the results of this thesis demonstrate that pre-stimulus mechanisms in auditory pitch perception remain consistent in the younger and older adult brain, while spectral dynamics change with age. (gla.ac.uk)
  • This study sought to determine whether non‐auditory neurocognitive skills could explain speech recognition variability exhibited by adult CI users. (researchgate.net)
  • mine whether non-auditory neurocognitive skills could explain speech recognition variability exhibited by adult CI users. (researchgate.net)
  • Speech perception outcomes with an ABI are generally poorer than those reported in cochlear implant multichannel CI users. (wikipedia.org)
  • Objective Unexplained variability in speech recognition outcomes among postlingually deafened adults with cochlear implants (CIs) is an enormous clinical and research barrier to progress. (researchgate.net)
  • In addition, we will describe how the other senses compensate for hearing loss via a process known as cross-modal reorganization, and we'll address how these brain changes are linked to real-world clinical outcomes, such as speech perception. (hearingreview.com)
  • Objective: Cochlear implantation is the emerging treatment of choice for severe and profound sensorineural hearing loss, yet there are conflicting data on outcomes in adults. (scirp.org)
  • Conclusion: This is one of the largest series to date on hearing outcomes in adults who receive a cochlear implant. (scirp.org)
  • With the increasing prevalence of hearing loss, understanding patient outcomes after CI in adults is imperative. (scirp.org)
  • Though duration of deafness seems to be one potential influencing component for post-implant outcomes, the literature advocates that many factors may potentially influence an individual's speech understanding with a CI. (scirp.org)
  • The knowledge of patient-specific neural excitation patterns from cochlear implants (CIs) can provide important information for optimizing efficacy and improving speech perception outcomes. (springer.com)
  • Although many cochlear-implant (CI) listeners understand speech well in quiet backgrounds, there is much variability in outcomes, particularly in noisy conditions (Friesen et al. (springer.com)
  • The Hearing impairment in Adults: A Longitudinal Outcomes Study (HALOS) is a national, prospective, observational study on health and social outcomes from hearing device users (hearing aid & cochlear implant) aged 40 years and over. (who.int)
  • We recruited 14 normal hearing (NH) young adults. (frontiersin.org)
  • Psycholinguists from the Centre for Language and Brain , HSE University, have found that to predict semantic relations between words when reading, older adults use their knowledge of the world instead of grammar more often than young adults. (eurekalert.org)
  • A total of 349 people took part in the study, including adolescents aged 13-17, young adults aged 20-40, and older adults aged 55 and over. (eurekalert.org)
  • Both adolescents and young adults appear to use good-enough language processing actively in their speech perception: they gave the incorrect reply of 'firefighter' to the question 'Who put out the fire in the warehouse? (eurekalert.org)
  • Cochlear implantation outcome in prelingually deafened young adults. (bvsalud.org)
  • Features in adolescents and young adults are similar. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Although the first episode usually occurs in young adults, some contributory neurodevelopmental events and experiences occur earlier (eg, during the perinatal period). (msdmanuals.com)
  • as bilabial or labiodental) to investigate heritage Spanish speakers' social perceptions. (benjamins.com)
  • The Social Behaviours subscale measures difficulties with performing actions in a social context due to hearing loss and the Social Perceptions subscale measured negative thoughts and feelings experienced in a social context due to hearing loss. (who.int)
  • Quantifying sources of variability in infancy research using the infant-directed speech preference. (uni-trier.de)
  • That, in turn, could apply to the design of more intelligible online avatars and physical robots, and could even improve computer recognition of human speech and enhance communication devices for the hearing impaired. (brown.edu)
  • Conclusions Findings from this study suggest that inhibition‐concentration skills play a role in speech recognition for CI users, but less so for NH listeners. (researchgate.net)
  • Dorsal‐movement and ventral‐form regions are functionally connected during visual‐speech recognition. (mpg.de)
  • 2008. Comparison of Speech Recognition and Localization Performance in Bilateral and Unilateral Cochlear Implant Users Matched on Duration of Deafness at Age of Implantation. (advancedbionics.com)
  • Although a number of speech-recognition tests are currently used for different reasons, one of the most common such tests is the hearing in noise test (HINT), which assesses speech recognition in the context of sentences. (medscape.com)
  • The HINT measures word-recognition abilities to evaluate the patient's candidacy for cochlear implantation, in conjunction with conventional pure-tone and speech audiometry. (medscape.com)
  • 2019 ) Resolving the (Apparent) Talker Recognition Paradox in Developmental Speech Perception. (academictree.org)
  • Speech audiometry also provides information regarding discomfort or tolerance to speech stimuli and information on word recognition abilities. (medscape.com)
  • For patients with normal hearing or somewhat flat hearing loss, this measure is usually 10-15 dB better than the speech-recognition threshold (SRT) that requires patients to repeat presented words. (medscape.com)
  • The speech-recognition threshold (SRT) is sometimes referred to as the speech-reception threshold. (medscape.com)
  • The impact of semantic memory organization and sentence context information on spoken language processing by younger and older adults: An ERP study. (crossref.org)
  • In Chapter 4, we investigated the consistency of behaviour and evoked activity underlying AV speech integration in a speech-in-noise discrimination task in younger and older adults. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Behaviourally, younger and older adults performed comparably. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Our results point to distinct patterns of late evoked activity underlying AV enhancement between younger and older adults, possibly representing distinct cognitive (memory) strategies in predicting upcoming target stimuli. (gla.ac.uk)
  • And lastly, we demonstrate that differences in the EEG signatures of AV enhancement between younger and older adults emerge in late evoked activity, and that visual predictability of speech is represented in late evoked activity only in older adults. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Perceived weight judgement in lifting actions in younger and older adults. (mpg.de)
  • The Effects of Engagement in Physical Exercise on Semi-autonomous Takeover Request Perception between Younger and Older Adults. (purdue.edu)
  • 2022 ) The development of gendered speech in children: Insights from adult L1 and L2 perceptions. (academictree.org)
  • The study was designed to allow comparisons with a previous survey carried out in 2019, to reveal trends in attitudes and perceptions since then. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • 34% of students say free speech is very or fairly threatened in their university - up from 23% in 2019. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • 25% of students now say they very or fairly often hear of incidents at their university where free speech has been inhibited - double the 12% who said the same in 2019. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Human adults and human infants show a perceptual magnet effect for the prototypes of speech categories, monkeys do not. (crossref.org)
  • Contrast sensitivity, the ability to detect luminance differences between two adjacent areas (such as stripes on a grating), is also reduced in newborns relative to adults but develops as infants gain visual experience. (britannica.com)
  • Moreover, infants' own motion also contributes to motion perception. (britannica.com)
  • Despite the complex nature of motion, nearly all types of motion perception develop by about six months in healthy infants. (britannica.com)
  • Although research has suggested that audio-visual speech perception is linked to articulatory movements in adults, no studies have examined this link in infants. (psychologicalscience.org)
  • This suggests that sensorimotor information is directly implicated in audio-visual speech processing in infants. (psychologicalscience.org)
  • Furthermore, most (if not all) talkers are able to produce some degree of speech clarity by simply being instructed to "speak as if the listener is hearing impaired. (acoustics.org)
  • In the "conversational" condition the talkers were instructed to speak at their normal pace, as if the listener were someone highly familiar with their voice and speech patterns. (acoustics.org)
  • In the "clear speech" condition, they were told to speak with extra care, as if addressing a listener with a hearing loss or from a different language background. (acoustics.org)
  • Individual differences in pure tone averages and working memory are known to be critical indicators of speech in noise comprehension. (nih.gov)
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which individual differences in pure tone averages, working memory, and cortical tracking of the speech envelope relate to speech in noise comprehension in older adults. (nih.gov)
  • Participants listened to speech in quiet and in the presence of noise (time-reversed speech) and answered comprehension questions. (nih.gov)
  • Comprehension question performance was greater for speech in quiet than for speech in noise. (nih.gov)
  • The relationship between RIN and speech in noise comprehension was assessed while controlling for the effects of individual differences in pure tone averages and working memory. (nih.gov)
  • Delta band RIN correlated with speech in noise comprehension, while theta band RIN did not. (nih.gov)
  • These findings demonstrate that the magnitude of delta band RIN relates to individual differences in speech in noise comprehension in older adults. (nih.gov)
  • Delta band RIN may serve as a neural metric of speech in noise comprehension beyond the effects of pure tone averages and working memory. (nih.gov)
  • We tested the speech perception accuracy of a group of 115 school-aged children when presented with sentences that were digitally mixed with broad-band noise. (acoustics.org)
  • First, on average (across both talker, noise level and speaking style conditions) the group of impaired children had poorer sentence-in-noise perception accuracy than the group of normal children. (acoustics.org)
  • This basic finding provides empirical support for the widely held belief that the impaired speech perception abilities of these learning disabled children extends to impaired perception of sentence length utterances when presented in noise. (acoustics.org)
  • Understanding speech in noise (SiN) is a complex task involving sensory encoding and cognitive resources including working memory and attention. (frontiersin.org)
  • AV enhancement was greater in high noise levels, across all participants, and older adults derived greater AV enhancement compared to younger adults (an effect that was consistent across noise levels). (gla.ac.uk)
  • Adults who use two cochlear implant hear much better in noise compared to those with just one. (advancedbionics.com)
  • Percent of adults showing better scores with two implants compared to one implant for three tests of listening to speech in noise of varying difficulties. (advancedbionics.com)
  • In addition, information gained by speech audiometry can help determine proper gain and maximum output of hearing aids and other amplifying devices for patients with significant hearing losses and help assess how well they hear in noise. (medscape.com)
  • Can noise-induced temporary threshold shift cause persistent impairment of speech understanding? (cdc.gov)
  • Processing demands upon cognitive, linguistic, and articulatory functions promote grey matter plasticity in the adult multilingual brain: Insights from simultaneous interpreters. (crossref.org)
  • Alpha BRAIN® is a nootropic supplement that purports to enhance cognitive functioning in healthy adults. (nih.gov)
  • The goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy of this self-described cognitive enhancing nootropic on cognitive functioning in a group of healthy adults by utilizing a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled design. (nih.gov)
  • The findings demonstrate that adults are sensitive to the observable shape and movement patterns that occur when a person talks," said Masapollo, who did the work as a researcher in the lab of senior author James Morgan, a Brown professor of cognitive, linguistic and psychological sciences. (brown.edu)
  • Active lifestyle, characterized by engagement in leisure activities, has been associated with slower cognitive decline in healthy older adults ( Scarmeas and Stern, 2003 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Studies eligible for inclusion must contain adult participants (≥18 years) with subjective tinnitus and a behavioural measure of cognitive performance. (bmj.com)
  • Using event-related potentials (ERPs) and other neuroimaging techniques, I examine how linguistic experience shapes the use of attention during speech perception, and how attention training may improve both general cognitive processing and language proficiency. (umass.edu)
  • This idea corroborates recent evidence suggesting enhanced higher-level cognitive abilities-working memory and executive function, for example-in musically trained adults and children. (edutopia.org)
  • Key aspects are speech comfort: the ability of the teacher to be heard through sufficient sound environment (acoustics and background / activity sounds) and with effective voice and communication (voice load, voice quality, nonverbal communication) and listening effort: the child's potential effort in perception of the spoken and language understanding in relation to the child's cognitive capacity. (lu.se)
  • In Europe, ABIs have been used in children and adults, and in patients with neurofibromatosis type II. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some learning disabled children have speech perception difficulties. (acoustics.org)
  • In particular, these children have great difficulty discriminating speech sounds that are minimally distinct. (acoustics.org)
  • In this study, we wanted to see whether the abilities of these children to perceive speech in noisy listening environments could be overcome by simply having the talker speak clearly. (acoustics.org)
  • Given recent interest in the use of digital enhancement techniques in speech and language training procedures for learning disabled children, we wanted to investigate whether naturally produced clear speech yields perception benefits for this population. (acoustics.org)
  • We reasoned that if learning impaired children, like hearing impaired adults, can be shown to derive significant benefit from this simple and natural talker-based modification then we may have found a very straightforward means for enhancing the speech perception, and ultimately the learning abilities, of these children. (acoustics.org)
  • Clinical research proves that bilateral implantation will benefit your child in their current day-to-day activities as well as in the future when they become adults and begin contributing at work, attending networking events, socializing with friends, or caring for children of their own. (advancedbionics.com)
  • 2008. Speech Perception Benefits of Sequential Bilateral Cochlear Implantation in Children and Adults: A Retrospective Analysis. (advancedbionics.com)
  • Infections in older children and adults have been described, especially in elderly patients or those suffering from chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus, malignancy, or HIV infection ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • As hearing care professionals-whether our jobs involve activating a cochlear implant, fitting a hearing aid, or providing rehabilitation to adults or children to help them reach their optimum performance after intervention-neuroplasticity is at the heart of what we do. (hearingreview.com)
  • My research explores the relationship between attention and language processing in children and adults. (umass.edu)
  • Current projects include the effects of bilingualism and lifestyle factors on executive functions in a) children from 1 to 4 years of age, and b) adults over age 65. (bangor.ac.uk)
  • For adults and children who can respond reliably, standard pure-tone and speech audiometry tests are used to screen likely candidates. (medscape.com)
  • 2021 ) Comparing Phonetic Convergence in Children and Adults. (academictree.org)
  • Manifestations of childhood-onset schizophrenia are usually similar to those in adolescents and adults, but delusions and visual hallucinations (which may be more common among children) may be less elaborate. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Children and adults can benefit from them. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 3. Nutrition information and claims should also be judged by the likely perception of the reasonable consumer, especially where children and young people are concerned. (who.int)
  • For example, it covers first language acquisition in children and second language learning in older children and adults as well as different theories of how language is processed from the point of view of behavioural science and neurocognition and methods for how these can be tested. (lu.se)
  • To be able to understand our children we must also understand how they experience the world and it is not always in the same way as adults. (lu.se)
  • We also tested the same speakers on their perception of the emerging [k]~[g] contrast and found that our participants were able to discriminate the emerging contrast well. (lscp.net)
  • For the new study, Masapollo realized that this asymmetry in vowel production and perception provided a great opportunity to determine which visual features matter in distinguishing subtle speech differences. (brown.edu)
  • Marginal contrast in loanword phonology: Production and perception. (lscp.net)
  • We explored the status of this contrast in Dutch speakers in both production and perception. (lscp.net)
  • The course aims to provide students with an increased understanding of the language acquisition process and how natural language is processed by language users in both production and perception. (lu.se)
  • The domain that I want to focus on is society, specifically linguistics in text and speech. (grademiners.com)
  • With funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF), researchers in the Computational Linguistics and Information Processing (CLIP) Laboratory at the University of Maryland are exploring this phenomenon, using computational modeling to investigate learning mechanisms that can help listeners adapt their speech perception of a new language. (umd.edu)
  • Our sensory impressions are, together with motivation, interest and the brain's development, the basis for our perception, our interpretation of the world around us. (lu.se)
  • Colour vision also develops, nearing the perceptual ability of adults by four to six months. (britannica.com)
  • and reinforcement learning models, which are designed to capture longer term, implicit perceptual learning of speech sounds. (umd.edu)
  • To examine whether the subject achieved enhanced speech perception, the vowel, consonant, and sentence tests before- and after the training were evaluated to compare the two training scenarios. (e-asr.org)
  • Because speech is more than just sound, researchers set out to ascertain the exact visual information people seek when distinguishing vowel sounds. (brown.edu)
  • Without the cue of motion, the results showed, the asymmetry of French-English or English-French ordering no longer occurred, suggesting that motion is a key component in this instinct of vowel perception. (brown.edu)
  • The process of coordination, known as intermodal perception, begins early and improves across infancy . (britannica.com)
  • According to the World Health Organization, 328 million adults have disabling hearing loss. (scirp.org)
  • After this course learners will be able to describe the impact of severe hearing loss on the perception of speech through hearing aids. (audiologyonline.com)
  • Throughout the 1970s, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommended that devices be implanted only in adults with profound hearing loss. (medscape.com)
  • [ 7 ] Over time, indications have been broadened to include adults with severe hearing loss who may also achieve some benefit from conventional amplification. (medscape.com)
  • NOT included in these summary tables are articles on otitis media (i.e., the focus is on permanent hearing loss), articles on adults with acquired hearing loss, articles published before 1980, articles focusing exclusively on etiology, and articles focusing on outdated technology. (cdc.gov)
  • Speech audiometry has become a fundamental tool in hearing-loss assessment. (medscape.com)
  • Ototoxicity involving the cochlea produces hearing loss, usually commencing with high frequencies but often eventually progressing to the lower frequencies that encompass speech. (medscape.com)
  • Hearing in humans is normally quantified using pure tone audiometry, which measures absolute sensitivity across a wide range of pure tone frequencies centered on those thought most useful for speech perception ( Moore, 2013 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Self-perception of driving abilities in older age: a systematic review. (purdue.edu)
  • In a study based at Brown University, researchers found that the motion and configuration of a speaker's lips are key components of the information people gather when distinguishing vowels in speech. (brown.edu)
  • We used single-trial fMRI and analyzed cortical responses collected while subjects listened to the same speech sounds (vowels /a/, /i/, and /u/) spoken by different speakers (boy, girl, male) and performed a delayed-match-to-sample task on either speech sound or speaker identity. (jneurosci.org)
  • Our research addressed the questions of whether/how AV enhancement and visual predictability of AV speech is represented in evoked activity in noisy listening conditions, and whether such Electroencephalographic (EEG) signatures remain stable with age. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, we found that AV enhancement was greater for labial initial phonemes, compared to non-labial initial phonemes, and this was consistent across age groups.Neurally, we found that AV enhancement is represented by a centro-parietal P3-like activity in older adults and an N4-like fronto-central activity in younger adults, but found that this activity did not correlate with behavioural AV enhancement. (gla.ac.uk)
  • However, we did not find evidence of an interaction between visual predictability and AV enhancement in terms of evoked activity, raising further questions about how visual predictability of speech is represented the brain's electrophysiology. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Binaural hearing is the optimal choice for your child's speech, language, and communication development. (advancedbionics.com)
  • At the same time we should remain mindful that parents and other adults are responsible for a child's welfare and health, including choices about diet, physical activity and health. (who.int)
  • Phonetic perception and the temporal cortex. (crossref.org)
  • But acquiring a new language as an adult is not always easy, particularly if a person is trying to distinguish phonetic sounds not often heard in their native language. (umd.edu)
  • Increased cortical surface area of the left planum temporale facilitates the discrimination of temporal speech information in musicians. (crossref.org)
  • Patient-level data from existing studies was re-analysed to explore potential factors that may be predictive of improved speech perception scores following implantation. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Our results point to distinct patterns of late evoked activity underlying visual predictability of visual speech, again possibly reflecting differential strategies in predictive coding. (gla.ac.uk)
  • To identify an objective biomarker of speech perception in adult cochlear implant recipients that is sensitive to individual differences in performance. (audiology.org)
  • Adult recipients can discriminate speech better with two implants compared to listening with one implant alone - even in quiet settings. (advancedbionics.com)
  • The use of Alpha BRAIN® for 6 weeks significantly improved recent verbal memory when compared with controls, in a group of healthy adults. (nih.gov)
  • However, no previous study has examined brain oscillations during performance of a continuous speech perception test. (frontiersin.org)
  • improving, updating and confirming efficacy of Clinical Measures used in Audiology practices for adults and pediatric populations. (aucd.org)
  • For pediatric patients, see the Pediatric Speech Materials section below. (medscape.com)
  • Duration of deafness has been quoted as being the most important prognostic indicator with an inverse relationship to speech performance after implantation. (scirp.org)
  • TouchScope: A Passive-Haptic Device to Investigate Tactile Perception Using a Refreshable Braille Display. (bcbl.eu)
  • Specifically, on tests that measure speech perception accuracy in terms of the percentage of words in an utterance that are correctly perceived, hearing impaired adults typically show a 17-20% improvement when the talker switches from a conversational to clear speaking style. (acoustics.org)
  • Second, both groups of subjects showed a dramatic improvement in speech perception accuracy for the clear speech sentences over the conversational speech sentences. (acoustics.org)
  • Motion facilitates face perception across changes in viewpoint and expression in older adults. (mpg.de)
  • Speech audiometry also facilitates audiological rehabilitation management. (medscape.com)
  • Preliminary evidence from early-phase studies in adults suggests that cochlear implantation may be effective in reversing some of these detrimental effects. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • 2009. Simultaneous Bilateral Cochlear Implantation: Prospective Study in Adults. (advancedbionics.com)
  • who reported that the magnitude of gain in the speech scores was negatively associated with age at implantation. (scirp.org)
  • Most patients are able to detect the presence of environmental sounds and speech. (wikipedia.org)
  • Speech understanding gradually improves during the first three years after activation, and most patients experience better speech understanding using a combination of lip-reading and the ABI, as opposed to lip-reading alone. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, most patients are unable to understand speech using only their ABI. (wikipedia.org)
  • This will be a multi-center, proof of concept phase 0 study to assess the suppression of p-AKT in Vestibular Schwannoma (VS) and meningiomas by AR-42 in adult patients undergoing tumor resection. (stanford.edu)
  • The Technique section of this article describes speech audiometry for adult patients. (medscape.com)
  • it requires patients to merely indicate when speech stimuli are present. (medscape.com)
  • Resolving these questions would improve the scientific understanding of how we perceive speech, Masapollo said. (brown.edu)
  • Through a series of experiments at Brown and McGill University in Montreal reported in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , Masapollo and colleagues found that when people perceive speech, they closely watch the form and motion of the lips. (brown.edu)
  • It turns out that this asymmetry plays out between French and English, being manifest in the bilingual speech of many Canadians. (brown.edu)
  • Previous studies have shown that musical instrument training programs of 16 or more weeks improve verbal memory (Logical Memory Test delayed recall), processing speed (Digit Symbol Coding Test), and executive function (Trail Making Test Part B) of musically untrained healthy older adults. (frontiersin.org)
  • She co-founded Sound Start, a non-profit children's hearing and speech clinic, based in Portland with a satellite office in rural southern Oregon. (aucd.org)
  • There is strong agreement among students that their university is protecting freedom of expression and robust debate, as well as academic freedom - but growing minorities nonetheless feel free speech is under threat at their institution, with perceptions of a "chilling effect" also increasing, according to a new study. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Study Design Thirty postlingually deafened adults with CIs and thirty age‐matched normal‐hearing (NH) controls were enrolled. (researchgate.net)
  • Smart Speech Systems: A Focus Group Study on Older Adult User and Non-User Perceptions of Speech Interfaces. (purdue.edu)
  • A speech perception study. (bvsalud.org)
  • Understanding speech in adverse listening environments is challenging for older adults. (nih.gov)
  • It makes it easier to understand speech in noisy environments and to determine where sounds are coming from. (advancedbionics.com)
  • Reduced vision selectively impairs spatial updating in fall-prone older adults. (mpg.de)
  • Hearing Disability across three domains, speech hearing, spatial hearing and qualities of hearing as measured by the Speech, Spatial & Qualities of Hearing Scale - 12 (Nobel et al, 2013). (who.int)
  • While scads of studies have investigated which audible features of speech are important, Masapollo said, far fewer have looked at which visual components are essential, despite evidence from phenomena as intuitive as lip reading that the sights of speech matter, too. (brown.edu)
  • infant perception , process by which a human infant (age 0 to 12 months) gains awareness of and responds to external stimuli. (britannica.com)