Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopySpectroscopy, Near-InfraredElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopySpectrum AnalysisSpectrum Analysis, RamanSpectrophotometry, InfraredNuclear Magnetic Resonance, BiomolecularSpectrometry, FluorescenceX-Ray Absorption SpectroscopyCircular DichroismCreatinePhotoelectron SpectroscopySpectroscopy, MossbauerModels, MolecularProtonsProtein ConformationProtein Structure, SecondaryAspartic AcidSpectrophotometry, UltravioletCholineSolutionsMolecular StructureMolecular Sequence DataSpectrometry, X-Ray EmissionSpectrophotometryPhosphocreatineMolecular ConformationHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationKineticsWaterTemperatureModels, ChemicalAmino Acid SequenceOxidation-ReductionBinding SitesProtein BindingThermodynamicsMicroscopy, Atomic ForceOxyhemoglobinsLipid BilayersMass SpectrometrySpin LabelsCalorimetry, Differential ScanningHydrogenCarbon IsotopesCarbohydrate SequenceProtein Structure, TertiaryProtein FoldingCarbohydrate ConformationOxygenHydrogen BondingPhosphorus IsotopesBiophysicsNitrogen IsotopesSurface PropertiesFourier AnalysisInositolDeuteriumHemeMicellesProtein DenaturationPhosphorusEscherichia coliBrainMagnetic Resonance ImagingScattering, RadiationDiffusionChromatography, High Pressure LiquidMyoglobinTryptophanLightLasersFluorineDeuterium OxidePeptidesElectronsSpectrophotometry, AtomicBiophysical PhenomenaPhotonsVibrationX-Ray DiffractionSpectroscopy, Electron Energy-LossPhotochemistryX-RaysTime FactorsHemoglobinsQuantum TheoryIronLigandsCrystallography, X-RayMembranes, ArtificialCattlePhosphatesStructure-Activity RelationshipRecombinant ProteinsCopperSolventsLactic AcidPhosphorylcholineReproducibility of Results