Specificity of vesicle membrane fusion. Medical search. Frequent questions

It mediates fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane resulting in exocytosis of neurotransmitters. (nature.com)
The envelopes develop from small pieces of the host cell's plasma membrane during the budding process. (mometrix.com)
The virions attach to compatible receptor sites on a host cell's plasma membrane and release enzymes that weaken the membrane. (mometrix.com)
The plasma membrane engulfs the virions forming a cavity that contains the virions, extracellular fluid, and other substances. (mometrix.com)
The first mechanism is budding , during which the virions take parts of the host cell's plasma membrane with them, forming the envelope that is common to many viruses. (mometrix.com)
A vesicle containing a number of virions forms within the host cell, merges with the plasma membrane, and opens to release multiple virions. (mometrix.com)
The virions disrupt the host cell's plasma membrane, resulting in release of the virions and death of the host cell. (mometrix.com)
Docking to the plasma membrane prepares vesicles for rapid release. (rupress.org)
In Caenorhabditis elegans motor neurons, dense core vesicles dock at the plasma membrane but are excluded from active zones at synapses. (rupress.org)
Dense core vesicles are usually found in the cytoplasm and these cytoplasmic vesicles must presumably translocate to the plasma membrane before release ( Zupanc, 1996 ). (rupress.org)
Taken together, these findings provide strong evidence that the generation of PtdIns(4)P is sufficient to trigger forward transport from the Golgi to the plasma membrane and that Sac1p is critically required for the termination of this signal. (embl.de)
May be a crucial component of the cytoskeleton of highly motile cells, functioning both in the invagination of large pieces of plasma membrane, as well as in forming protrusions of the plasma membrane involved in cell locomotion. (affbiotech.com)
Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system and participate in numerous cell biological processes, such as macromolecular degradation, antigen presentation, intracellular pathogen destruction, plasma membrane repair, exosome release, cell adhesion/migration and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
1) Materials can be recycled to the plasma membrane by Rab11-positive recycling endosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
2) The remaining contents will be sequestered in Rab7-positive late endosomes, which can fuse with the plasma membrane to form exosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
5) Lysosomes can also fuse with the plasma membrane to mediate membrane repair or discharge contents outside the cell, such as cathepsins or immune factors. (biomedcentral.com)
Studies using pancreatic exocrine acinar cells, in which the exocytic pathways are well defined, show primary localization of syntaxin 2 to the apical plasma membrane. (novusbio.com)
Each tight-junction strand within a plasma membrane associates laterally with another tight-junction strand in the apposed membrane of an adjacent cell to form a paired tight-junction strand, obliterating the intercellular space (kissing point). (pharmacology2000.com)
Most plasma membrane proteins are sorted by the trans -Golgi network (TGN) in the conventional secretory pathway. (jneurosci.org)
In fact, the very features of both the bacterial/macrochemical cell signalling system to produce the endosomal cargo protein that often found on the plasma membrane of mammalian cells such as HepG2 and HeLa cells appear to have some degree of specificity. (chemistryexamhero.com)

The encoded protein may participate in the regulation of synaptic vesicle docking and fusion, possibly through interaction with GTP-binding proteins. (wikipedia.org)
We now know that organisms have a large family of SNARE proteins that indeed form cognate partnerships in just this way, and that NSF is an ATPase that (using SNAP as an adaptor protein) disrupts the SNARE complex after fusion is complete so its subunits can be recycled for repeated use. (yale.edu)
Compartmental specificity is encoded to a remarkable degree in the functional partnering of SNARE proteins, a fact which is in no way inconsistent with the emerging contribution of upstream regulatory components (like rabGTPases and tethering complexes) to domain/compartment specificity. (yale.edu)
CAPS function in dense core vesicle docking parallels UNC-13 in synaptic vesicle docking, which suggests that these related proteins act similarly to promote docking of independent vesicle populations. (rupress.org)
The recruitment of specific cytosolic proteins to intracellular membranes through binding phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) controls such processes as endocytosis, regulated exocytosis, cytoskeletal organization, and cell signaling. (embl.de)
The C2 domain is a Ca 2+ -dependent membrane-targeting module found in many cellular proteins involved in signal transduction or membrane trafficking. (embl.de)
Typically, OMVs are dominated by outer membrane proteins, while the cytoplasmic membrane proteins and cytoplasmic proteins are the primary contents of MVs. (nature.com)
The cystovirus Pseudomonas phage phi6 has an envelope that harbors five viral membrane proteins and phospholipids derived from the cytoplasmic membrane of its Gram-negative host. (biomedcentral.com)
This study evaluated the minimum requirements for the formation of phi6-specific vesicles and the possibility to localize P9-tagged heterologous proteins into such structures in Escherichia coli . (biomedcentral.com)
A P9-GFP fusion protein was used to study the targeting of heterologous proteins into P9 vesicles. (biomedcentral.com)
Isolated vesicles contained predominantly P9-GFP, suggesting selective incorporation of P9-tagged fusion proteins into the vesicles. (biomedcentral.com)
The possibility to locate heterologous proteins into the P9-lipid vesicles facilitates the production of vesicular structures with novel properties. (biomedcentral.com)
The bilayer is composed of phospholipids and is typically embedded with membrane proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Autophagy is a degradation system that involves sequestration of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles by double-layered membranes that form vesicles called autophagosomes. (elifesciences.org)
Fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes results in degradation of their contents and thereby removes toxic proteins and damaged organelles from cells to maintain homeostasis. (elifesciences.org)
The specificity of vesicle trafficking: coat proteins and SNAREs. (kegg.jp)
A number of enveloped viruses confer fusion of the viral envelope and the cell membrane using surface viral fusion proteins. (bvsalud.org)
The first section of this review describes types of viral fusion proteins and is followed by a comparison of the structural features of class I fusion proteins, namely influenza virus hemagglutinin and the S-protein of the human coronavirus. (bvsalud.org)
He was a lead investigator in the seminal structural studies of AP2, the protein adaptor molecule central to clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and has since defined the molecular basis for the function of critical proteins regulating membrane trafficking and signalling at the endosome organelle. (edu.au)
It imports hundreds of nucleus-encoded proteins, and diverse metabolites are continuously exchanged across the two chromatophore envelope membranes. (frontiersin.org)
We hypothesize that these proteins are involved in modulating membrane permeability. (frontiersin.org)
Syntaxin 2, also known as epimorphin, is a 35 kDa type II integral membrane that belongs to the t SNARE family, a group of proteins involved in protein transport. (novusbio.com)
The encoded protein promotes hydrolysis of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1)-bound GTP, which is required for the dissociation of coat proteins from Golgi-derived membranes and vesicles. (utsouthwestern.edu)
Dissociation of the coat proteins is a prerequisite for the fusion of these vesicles with target compartments. (utsouthwestern.edu)
However, a number of well known and experimentally documented secretory/erythrocyte membrane associated proteins lack these motifs, thus emphasizing the existence of multiple pathways that operate in parallel [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A superfamily of small proteins which are involved in the MEMBRANE FUSION events, intracellular protein trafficking and secretory processes. (uchicago.edu)

The encoded protein is a peripheral membrane protein located in the cytosol. (wikipedia.org)
This protein functions in a late stage of the intracellular membrane fusion process of exocytosis. (wikipedia.org)
This protein is essential for presynpatic vesicle release and is rapidly phosphorylated by protein kinase C upon neuronal depolarization. (wikipedia.org)
The protein participates in the secretory pathway between the Golgi apparatus and cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
To achieve this, the neuronal SNARE (i.e., soluble N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) complex brings the vesicle and presynaptic membranes in close proximity, thereby, mediating the fusion of the two membranes resulting in exocytosis of neurotransmitters. (nature.com)
Fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane occurs in the presence of the NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor) / α-SNAP (α-soluble NSF attachment protein) disassembly machinery. (nature.com)
Using this assay as a guide, we purified as a required factor the NEM-Sensitive Fusion protein (NSF). (yale.edu)
The virion , which is the infective virus particle, consists of nucleic acid (which carries the genome) surrounded by layers of protein that create a protective membrane called a capsid. (mometrix.com)
We have found that the calcium-activated protein for secretion (CAPS) protein is required for dense core vesicle docking but not synaptic vesicle docking. (rupress.org)
Both the CAPS and UNC-13 docking pathways converge on syntaxin, a component of the SNARE (soluble N -ethyl-maleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment receptor) complex. (rupress.org)
Protein modules such as FVYE domains and PH domains that bind specifically to PtdIns 3-phosphate (PtdIns-3-P) and polyphosphoinositides, respectively, can direct such membrane targeting. (embl.de)
Production of the GFP-tagged P9 vesicles required P12, which protected the fusion protein against proteolytic cleavage. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results demonstrate that the phi6 major envelope protein P9 can trigger formation of cytoplasmic membrane structures in E. coli in the absence of any other viral protein. (biomedcentral.com)
Lipid envelope which is studded with structural protein including the membrane (M) glycoprotein, the envelope (E) protein, and the spike (S) glycoprotein [ 11 ]. (newvita.com)
The S protein would be cleaved by the cellular serine proteases TMPRSS2 into S1 and S2 subunits, which are responsible for receptor recognition and membrane fusion [ 12 , 13 ]. (newvita.com)
We show here that aerosolized lipopeptide fusion inhibitor, derived from heptad-repeat regions of the measles virus (MeV) fusion protein, blocks respiratory MeV infection in a non-human primate model, the cynomolgus macaque. (bvsalud.org)
Here we show by mass spectrometric analyses of enriched insoluble protein fractions that, unexpectedly, nucleus-encoded transporters are not inserted into the chromatophore inner envelope membrane. (frontiersin.org)
Add the test sample to each well, and add 5 μL of Pre-stained Protein Marker ( Cat# E-BC-R273 )to a reserved well in order to verify the target molecular weight and the extent of membrane transfer. (elabscience.com)
1. Choose the PVDF Membrane (Cat# E-BC-R266 ) with a pore size of μm according to the molecular weight of the target protein. (elabscience.com)
Snapin is a member of the BLOC-1 complex, which is involved in the protein-sorting, membrane biogenesis, and vesicular trafficking. (antibodiesinc.com)
Clathrin is an intracellular storage protein that occurs on the ends of double-membrane vesicles at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it forms dense arrays of small cavities called double-membrane vesicles - the cytoplasmic domain that is the name of a plethora of studies on this topic. (chemistryexamhero.com)
Following membrane fusion SNARE complexes are dissociated by the NSFs (N-ETHYLMALEIMIDE-SENSITIVE FACTORS), in conjunction with SOLUBLE NSF ATTACHMENT PROTEIN, i.e. (uchicago.edu)
Mounting evidence suggests that the genetic disorders/mutation and diseases change not only the protein expression patterns but also membranes themselves. (lu.se)

Signal transmission in neurons is accomplished by neurotransmitter release from the lumen of synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft of synapses where they are received by postsynaptic receptors 1 . (nature.com)
In contrast, we see that UNC-13, a docking factor for synaptic vesicles, is not essential for dense core vesicle docking. (rupress.org)
Neurons can release small molecule neurotransmitters very rapidly in part because synaptic vesicles are docked to the membrane at active zones. (rupress.org)
In addition to synaptic vesicles, neurons also contain secretory vesicles, called dense core vesicles, that release neuropeptides and catecholamines ( Burgoyne and Morgan, 2003 ). (rupress.org)

Membrane vesicles (MVs) have recently been identified as type zero secretion systems [ 5 ], which are nano-sized spherical buds regularly released from microbial cellular membranes. (nature.com)
First, endocytic vesicles arise when the cellular membranes invaginate, and they fuse together to create early endosomes. (hindawi.com)

Various cells release lipid-enclosed particles known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are rich in bioactive substances. (biomedcentral.com)
On this examine, a therapeutic technique was developed through the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) with decoy receptor ACE2 for neutralization of SARS-CoV-2. (aidstar-one.com)
This cell fusion activity has been attributed to the extracellular Ig3 domain of the receptor. (cusabio.com)
Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles and are typically 30-150 nm in diameter. (hindawi.com)
Exosomes are the smallest subtype of extracellular vesicles (EVs), ranging in diameter from 30 to 150 nm with a density of 1.13 to 1.19 g/ml [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)

Membrane fusion and exocytosis. (kegg.jp)

The SNARE complex assembles from vesicular Synaptobrevin-2 as well as Syntaxin-1 and SNAP25 both anchored to the presynaptic membrane. (nature.com)
Zippering of the SNAREs is proposed to provide the required energy to initiate membrane fusion 6 , 7 and proceeds from the N-terminus towards the membrane-proximal C-terminus through interactions of their complementary SNARE motifs. (nature.com)
Recombinant cognate SNAREs introduced into artificial bilayers or expressed ectopically on the outside of cells ( "flipped SNAREs") spontaneously and efficiently result in membrane (or cell) fusion, demonstrating that the SNARE complex is not only necessary but is sufficient for fusion. (yale.edu)
Extracting sequence motifs and the phylogenetic features of SNARE-dependent membrane traffic. (kegg.jp)
SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. (kegg.jp)
The formation of a SNARE complex (composed of one each of the four different types SNARE domains (Qa, Qb, Qc, and R)) mediates MEMBRANE FUSION. (uchicago.edu)
Complexin induces a conformational change at the membrane-proximal C-terminal end of the SNARE complex. (uchicago.edu)

In the trans-Golgi network (TGN), phosphorylated lysosomal enzymes bind to M-6-P receptors, which direct the enzymes into clathrin-coated vesicles. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, as clathrin coated ECMR and clathrin coated clathrin coated VMEs, these ECM-rich CLRVs and CLRVs and CLRVs and CLVRECMs are called clathrin coated vesicles (CLVMC). (chemistryexamhero.com)
Fig. 1 Classifying both clathrin-induced events and clathrin coated CLVs/CLVRECMs as clathrin coated vesicles is based onWhat is clathrin-mediated endocytosis and its function? (chemistryexamhero.com)

Intracellular membrane structures are rare in bacteria, thus making them ideal chasses for cell-based vesicle production. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, production of intracellular membrane vesicles in Escherichia coli can be triggered by expression of Acholeplasma laidlawii lipid glycosyltransferases [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Snapin is required for vesicle docking and fusion and regulates neurotransmitter release. (antibodiesinc.com)

Absence of signal in BA/F3 cells is predicted from RNAseq data and confirms the specificity of the antibody. (cellsignal.jp)
2. According to the recommended primary antibody dilution ratio, use the TBST Buffer containing 5% Skim Milk Powder to dilute the STX11 Antibody at , soak the PVDF Membrane in the primary antibody working solution, incubate overnight at 4 ℃, and gently shake. (elabscience.com)

If unconventional secretion were to mediate the cilia trafficking of P/rds, then cooperation with the conventional secretory pathway that mediates the trafficking of rhodopsin would be required to ensure proper morphogenesis of the photoreceptive disk membranes. (jneurosci.org)

Virions bind to specific receptors on the plasma membranes of receptor cells and the specificity of these receptors varies. (mometrix.com)
Normal neuromuscular junction showing a presynaptic terminal with a motor nerve ending in an enlargement (bouton terminale): Synaptic cleft and postsynaptic membrane with multiple folds and embedded with several acetylcholine receptors. (medscape.com)

Vesicles formed by endocytosis and phagocytosis deliver cargo to Rab5-positive early endosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
Endocytosis and membrane fusion are important for normal cell interaction. (chemistryexamhero.com)

A molecular understanding of membrane traffic has broad implications for our understanding of growth control in cancer, receptor trafficking errors in heart disease, regulation of insulin secretion in diabetes and synaptic vesicle biogenesis and transport in neurological disorders. (stanford.edu)

Additionally, some common viruses are enveloped, which means that they have an additional protective lipid membrane around the capsid, and glycoprotein receptor spikes that project from the envelope and attach to host cells. (mometrix.com)
FGFRL1 is a transmembrane receptor that can induce the fusion of CHO cells to multinucleated syncytia. (cusabio.com)
Or similar to vesicles in the from this source of vesicle fusion, the VME that is considered to be clathrin coated clathrin-coated Related Site or clathrin go clathrin coated VSI is a VSR (Lep-class) in which clathrin is the affording receptor of the VESA class (see Fig. 1). (chemistryexamhero.com)

Ca 2+ imaging and electrophysiological studies have indicated that the bulk of Ca 2+ influx in HCs occurs in hotspots located in discrete regions of the basolateral membrane. (jneurosci.org)
Bl, basolateral membrane. (pharmacology2000.com)

HC RSs are characterized by the presence of a sphere-shaped proteinaceous organelle (also known as dense body) adjacent to the presynaptic membrane. (jneurosci.org)

SNAREs contribute to the specificity of membrane fusion. (kegg.jp)
SNAREs and the specificity of membrane fusion. (kegg.jp)
4) Lysosomal fusion with autophagosomes also requires SNAREs, including VAMP8, syntaxin-17 and SNAP29. (biomedcentral.com)

Since this premembrane is surrounded by a vesicular surface, its physical conditions dramatically change during transfer of cargo to the ER membrane. (chemistryexamhero.com)

It is unclear how unconventional secretion interplays with conventional secretion for the normal maintenance and renewal of membrane structures. (jneurosci.org)

In contrast, vesicles and other inner membrane structures are rare in bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system. (biomedcentral.com)

It is essential for neurotransmission and binds syntaxin, a component of the synaptic vesicle fusion machinery probably in a 1:1 ratio. (wikipedia.org)
It can interact with syntaxins 1, 2, and 3 but not syntaxin 4 and may play a role in determining the specificity of intracellular fusion reactions. (wikipedia.org)
Overexpression of open syntaxin can bypass the requirement for CAPS in dense core vesicle docking. (rupress.org)
Neuronal syntaxin is a component of a 20S complex implicated in vesicle docking and fusion, which involves its interaction with syntaxin through a ATP dependent reaction modulated by synaptotagmin, SNAP 25, alpha SNAP, and NSF. (novusbio.com)

Their conformational rearrangements lead to the unification of lipid bilayers of cell membranes and viral envelopes and the formation of fusion pores through which the viral genome enters the cytoplasm of the cell. (bvsalud.org)

To overcome the throughput limitations of this approach, we developed a simpler and faster system that is highly automatable and achieves quantitation in a single-dilution screening format with sensitivity and specificity comparable to those of ELISA. (cdc.gov)

The uncoated transport vesicles can fuse with autophagosome or heterophagosome to form autophagolysosome, heterophagic lysosome or phagolysosome. (biomedcentral.com)

How do neurons differentially regulate synaptic vesicle and dense core vesicle release? (rupress.org)
The nature of imperfect binding specificity means that a single miRNA can regulate a large number of mRNA targets involved in complex cellular processes, thereby tightly controlling genetic networks during development and in response to stress ( Pocock, 2011 ). (elifesciences.org)

In neuronal membrane for fusion to occur, which allows the nerve impulse to be delivered across the synaptic junction. (cdc.gov)

Vesicles are spherical membrane structures composed of a lipid bilayer enclosing aqueous material. (biomedcentral.com)
Eukaryotic cells have elaborate cell signaling and trafficking systems based on different kinds of vesicle structures and membrane organelles. (biomedcentral.com)

MVs are released from the outer membrane of bacterial cells, such as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Gram-negative bacteria, and from the cytoplasmic membrane of cells, such as MVs from Gram-positive bacteria. (nature.com)
Outside of these intriguing examples, intracellular membranes are rare in the majority of bacterial cells, making them attractive systems for cell-based vesicle production. (biomedcentral.com)

Here, we describe a mechanism for dense core vesicle docking in neurons. (rupress.org)
One possible explanation for the bashfulness of dense core vesicles is that they are not docked. (rupress.org)

Recently, some specific Gram-positive bacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Corynebacterium glutamicum , were found to possess a novel cell wall structure consisting of an arabinogalactan layer covalently linked to the peptidoglycan layer, and a special outer membrane consisting of mycolic acids (mycomembrane) [ 19 ]. (nature.com)
The density of the P9-specific membrane fraction was lower (approximately 1.13 g/cm 3 in sucrose) than the densities of the bacterial cytoplasmic and outer membrane fractions. (biomedcentral.com)

Microbes spontaneously release membrane vesicles (MVs), which play roles in nutrient acquisition and microbial interactions. (nature.com)

In subsequent years we found that we had reconstituted vesicle trafficking in the Golgi, including the process of membrane fusion. (yale.edu)

Similar defects in membrane trafficking are caused by the overexpression of PIK1. (embl.de)

Contacts in context: promoter specificity and macromolecular interactions in transcription. (colorado.edu)

The C2 domain is thought to be involved in calcium-dependent phospholipid binding [ ( PUBMED:8253763 ) ] and in membrane targetting processes such as subcellular localisation. (embl.de)

The cavity separates from the membrane, forming a vesicle inside the host cell. (mometrix.com)
C2 domains are unique among membrane targeting domains in that they show wide range of lipid selectivity for the major components of cell membranes, including phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine. (embl.de)
The fusion of viral and cell membranes is one of the basic processes in the life cycles of viruses. (bvsalud.org)
A deep understanding of all the stages of conformational transitions preceding the fusion of viral and cell membranes is necessary for the development of specific inhibitors of viral reproduction. (bvsalud.org)
The most commonly used method for measuring immune cell‑mediated killing is the release assay, where effector cell‑mediated disruption of the target cell membrane results in leakage of its cytoplasmic contents into the culture medium. (technologynetworks.com)

A genomic perspective on membrane compartment organization. (kegg.jp)

Moreover, we identify a distinct, N-terminal, higher affinity interaction interface between LRRK2 phosphorylated Rab8 and Rab10 termed 'Site #2', that can retain LRRK2 on membranes in cells to catalyze multiple, subsequent phosphorylation events. (stanford.edu)
The Ig3 domain from humans, mice, chicken and fish stimulates fusion of CHO cells, while the Ig3 domain from lancelet and sea urchin does not. (cusabio.com)
Exosomes were first described in 1981 as ATPase-containing vesicles exfoliated from cells and were found in various normal cells and tumor cells [ 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
The sensory primary cilium of vertebrate photoreceptor cells houses thousands of photosensitive disk membranes that are renewed continuously throughout our lifespan. (jneurosci.org)
The multiple imaging modes afforded by widefield, confocal, and multiphoton fluorescence microscopies permit noninvasive, temporally resolved imaging of fixed and living cells and tissues with a high level of biochemical specificity. (microscopyu.com)

Periodontitis-caused tissue destruction is unique given the specificity of the local inflammatory microenvironment and oral environment. (biomedcentral.com)
Germline mutations in the NOTCH1 , NOTCH2 and NOTCH3 genes cause Adams-Oliver syndrome, Alagille syndrome and cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, respectively ( 4 ), and DLL4-NOTCH3 signaling in human vascular organoids induces basement membrane thickening and drives vasculopathy in the diabetic microenvironment ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

In addition, the double mutant (Y42A/L48Q) of the PX domain of Vam7p, reported to cause vacuolar trafficking defects in yeast, has a dramatically decreased level of binding to PtdIns-3-P. These data reveal that the membrane targeting function of the Vam7p PX domain is based on its ability to associate with PtdIns-3-P, analogous to the function of FYVE domains. (embl.de)

Anatomy55

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Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes57

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Plasma membrane20

Proteins26

Protein23

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Intracellular membrane2

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Antibody2

Secretory1

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