AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation Science
GlutamatesReceptors, GlutamateGlutamic AcidGlutamate DehydrogenaseReceptors, Metabotropic GlutamateSodium GlutamateAmino Acid Transport System X-AGGlutamate SynthaseProtein BindingMolecular Sequence DataGlutamate Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsReceptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5Binding SitesVesicular Glutamate Transport ProteinsAmino Acid SequenceExcitatory Amino Acid AntagonistsExcitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2Receptors, AMPAVesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1Excitatory Amino Acid AgonistsReceptors, N-Methyl-D-AspartateAspartic AcidBase SequenceExcitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1Glutamate DecarboxylaseKineticsGlutamineNeuronsProtein Structure, TertiaryExcitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3Receptors, Ionotropic GlutamateKainic AcidRats, Sprague-DawleyGlutamate Dehydrogenase (NADP+)Models, MolecularSynaptic TransmissionCell LineHippocampusCells, CulturedCarrier ProteinsReceptors, Kainic AcidDNA-Binding ProteinsN-Methylaspartatealpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic AcidMutationRecombinant ProteinsSynapsesCycloleucineAmino Acid Transport Systems, AcidicBinding, CompetitiveSequence Homology, Amino AcidExcitatory Postsynaptic Potentialsgamma-Aminobutyric AcidAstrocytesQuisqualic AcidProtein ConformationTranscription FactorsAmino AcidsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsCalciumPatch-Clamp Techniques6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dioneEscherichia coliLigandsMutagenesis, Site-DirectedKetoglutaric AcidsGlutamate-Ammonia LigaseBrainPromoter Regions, GeneticDizocilpine MaleateCloning, MolecularTransfectionDose-Response Relationship, DrugQuinoxalinesRats, WistarCerebral CortexSignal TransductionDNA2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleratePresynaptic TerminalsNeurotransmitter AgentsMicrodialysisSynaptosomesBacterial ProteinsNeurotoxinsCrystallography, X-RayAminobutyratesBiological TransportMembrane ProteinsGlutaminaseNuclear ProteinsExcitatory Amino AcidsSequence AlignmentAmino Acid Transport System y+RNA, MessengerGene Expression RegulationGlutamate Carboxypeptidase IIMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyAmmonia
ReceptorReceptorsProteinsExcitatory synapsesBiochemicalNeuronalDopamineSerotoninOxidativeGABAMammalianMutationsFacilitatesLocalizationEnzymeNitrateIntracellularMembrane-boundGlucose homeostasisSynaptic plasticityGlutamineActivityResiduesStructuralExpressionMediatesAntibodiesPossessBrainSitesMultipleHumanSiteDiseaseResponseCenterActivePropertiesGreyDomainAreasRegion
Receptor8
  • We decided residue 554, discovered within the linker area hooking up the agonist-binding domains to the initial transmembrane segment from the transmembrane domains, for its option of labeling aswell for minimal anticipated perturbation of receptor function (Amount 1a). (antiviralbiologic.com)
  • This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for pre-mRNA editing of the glutamate receptor subunit B by site-specific deamination of adenosines. (cancerindex.org)
  • For example, elevated neuronal activity induces calcium (Ca2+) influx followed by subsequent activation of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent signaling cascade and downregulation of the postsynaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR)-mediated response at excitatory synapses (Turrigiano, 2011). (saussurea.org)
  • Initially infecting poultry, avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses have been sporadically identified in pigs and humans, which suggests that some of these viruses have adapted to bind mammalian host receptors or have acquired mutations that increase mammalian receptor specificity ( 1 - 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • These data suggest that the activation of VMH EphA5 receptors by ephrinA5 may act in concert with β-cell Eph receptor forward signaling to restore glucose homeostasis during acute hypoglycemia via alterations in glutamate/glutamine cycling ( 7 , 8 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • 6 The activity of MXE at the glutamate receptor is similar to that of ketamine. (psychedelicreview.com)
  • Glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A (Grin2a), a key regulator of synaptic plasticity, was physically bound by miR-125b-2 and upregulated in the hippocampus of Mir125b-2m-/p- mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this work, simulations have been performed on the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein to study what residues are more susceptible to be attacked by ·OH, which is one of the most reactive radicals associated to oxidative stress. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Receptors4
  • When glutamate transmitters bind to glutamate receptors located at these junctions, the nerve cells become excitatory. (charite.de)
  • At the same time, the composition of glutamate receptors mutates. (charite.de)
  • Electrophysiological characterization of tagged GluN1*F554C/GluN2A* receptors present that activation, desensitization, and inhibition (Amount 1b) are preserved. (antiviralbiologic.com)
  • 2-4 In 2013, Dr. Bryan Roth et al, investigated the neurochemical profile of MXE and found that it binds to glutamate NMDA receptors with significant affinity, as well as the serotonin transporter, SERT, but with lower affinity. (psychedelicreview.com)
Proteins8
  • We have used a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify interacting proteins that may be involved in regulating EAAT4-the glutamate transporter expressed predominately in the cerebellum-or in targeting and/or anchoring or clustering the transporter to the target site. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Here we report the identification and characterization of two proteins, GTRAP41 and GTRAP48 (for glutamate transporter EAAT4 associated protein) that specifically interact with the intracellular carboxy-terminal domain of EAAT4 and modulate its glutamate transport activity. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The addition of an affinity tag allowed us to avoid the use of antibodies targeted toward the intracellular C-terminal tail of APP, a region to which a number of reported interacting proteins bind ( King and Turner, 2004 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Calcium-binding proteins that are found in DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES, INTESTINES, BRAIN, and other tissues where they bind, buffer and transport cytoplasmic calcium. (lookformedical.com)
  • Low molecular weight, calcium binding muscle proteins. (lookformedical.com)
  • Proteins to which calcium ions are bound. (lookformedical.com)
  • Secretagogins are EF HAND MOTIF-containing calcium-binding proteins that are involved in early neuronal migration and neurogenesis. (lookformedical.com)
  • Polar compounds cannot diffuse across these cell membranes and the uptake of useful molecules is mediated through transport proteins that specifically select substrates from the extracellular mixture. (bionity.com)
Excitatory synapses1
  • In the brains of the mice, researchers found noticeable mutations of synaptic junctions-specifically in excitatory synapses. (charite.de)
Biochemical3
  • Biochemical and molecular structural characterization of a novel GH10 xylanase (Xyl10B) from a termite gut microbiome. (springeropen.com)
  • However, recent evidence from biochemical, genetic, and physiologic characterization of their venom suggests that they are two different species as listed above. (medscape.com)
  • Biochemical characterization of RLC-TS and RLC mutants. (elifesciences.org)
Neuronal2
  • The effects of ginseng oligosaccharides (GSOs) on neuronal oxidative injury induced by glutamate (GLU) and the molecular mechanisms involved were investigated. (sdbonline.org)
  • Con respecto a los modelos animales en TEA, muchos estudios se centran en la expresión génica, la migración y maduración neuronal cortical y los déficits de la red neuronal, pero muy pocos son los estudios que relacionen directamente la comunicación oral animal y la expresión génica en áreas corticales del lenguaje. (bvsalud.org)
Dopamine1
  • In addition to these transcription factors, several peptide hormones (allatotropins, allatostatins and short neuropeptide F) and neurotransmitters (the biogenic amines octopamine, dopamine and glutamate) are also involved in the regulation of CA activity 16 . (nature.com)
Serotonin2
  • The characterization of methoxetamine, a ketamine analog, and how its action on the serotonin system sets it apart. (psychedelicreview.com)
  • As of now, preclinical and clinical data are not sufficient to support MXE as an antidepressant, and further research is needed to elucidate the effects on the serotonin and glutamate systems, as well as potential adverse effects. (psychedelicreview.com)
Oxidative3
  • Fqo can be hypothesized to be operative during sulfate reduction with CO. The Fqo complex receives electrons from the reduced coenzyme F 420 (F 420 H 2 ), generated from the oxidative acetyl-CoA pathway, and transfers electrons to the membrane-bound respiratory chain by the reduction of menaquinone [ 16 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • EC 1.4.1.3) catalyzes reversible oxidative deamination of l -glutamate to α-ketoglutarate. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • GDH is ubiquitously expressed, and its oxidative deamination reaction feeds the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle by converting l -glutamate to α-ketoglutarate, whereas the reductive amination reaction supplies nitrogen for several biosynthetic pathways. (diabetesjournals.org)
GABA2
  • Amino acids like glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) regulate the firing of neurons in the brain, while others like proline and glycine are components of biological structures and substructures. (databasefootball.com)
  • Abstract Over the last two decades, it has been established that glucose metabolic fluxes in neurons and astrocytes are proportional to the rates of the glutamate/GABA-glutamine neurotransmitter cycles in close to 1:1 stoichiometries across a wide range of functional energy demands. (marbilab.it)
Mammalian1
  • Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system and is removed from the synaptic cleft by sodium-dependent glutamate transporters. (johnshopkins.edu)
Mutations1
  • The presence of tau splicing mutations results in disease-associated alterations in tau expression, specifically a dose-dependent increase in 4R tau isoforms in the presence of the MAPT 10+16 variant. (researchsquare.com)
Facilitates3
  • This localization facilitates rapid glutamate binding, and may have a role in shaping the amplitude of postsynaptic responses in densely packed cerebellar terminals 12-15 . (johnshopkins.edu)
  • L3mbtl1 binds to chromatin through three tandem MBT repeats, and, in doing so, it facilitates higher-order chromatin business via binding to methylated lysine residues in histone tails (Li et al. (saussurea.org)
  • Dynein light chain LC8-nNOS from acto-myosin Va is possibly exchanged with shank, which thereafter facilitates transposition of nNOS for binding with palmitoyl-PSD95 at the nerve terminal membrane. (frontiersin.org)
Localization1
  • Diverse organ systems reveal that nNOS remains membrane-bound during enzymatic synthesis, suggesting that membrane localization of nNOS may be critical for enzyme action in a physiological context ( 5 , 24 - 33 ). (frontiersin.org)
Enzyme2
  • This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases. (wikipedia.org)
  • The systematic name of this enzyme class is 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate:L-homocysteine S-methyltransferase. (wikipedia.org)
Nitrate2
  • The bifunctional CODH ( cdhAB-2 ) is predicted to play an ubiquitous role in the metabolism of CO, and a novel nitrate reductase-associated respiratory complex was induced specifically in the presence of sulfate. (hindawi.com)
  • A combination of metabolic modeling, with physiological and transcriptomic data provided insights into autotrophic metabolism as well as aided the characterization of a nitrate reduction pathway in C. ljungdahlii . (biomedcentral.com)
Intracellular1
  • In intestinal ENTEROCYTES it mediates intracellular calcium transport from apical to basolateral membranes via calcium binding at two EF-HAND MOTIFS. (lookformedical.com)
Membrane-bound1
  • Multiple membrane-bound heterodisulfide reductase (DsrMK) could promote both energy-conserving and non-energy-conserving menaquinol oxidation. (hindawi.com)
Glucose homeostasis1
Synaptic plasticity1
  • Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (Mecp2) functions as a DNA reader by binding to methylated DNA (CpG dinucleotides) and regulates homeostatic synaptic plasticity (Table S1). (saussurea.org)
Glutamine1
  • This finding suggests that constitutively activated GDH enhances oxidation of glutamate, which is intracellularly converted from glutamine to α-ketoglutarate, a tricarboxylic acid cycle substrate, which thereby stimulates insulin secretion. (diabetesjournals.org)
Activity1
  • The production process underwent stringent testing and validation to assure that it generates a high-quality conjugate with consistent performance and specific binding activity. (bdbiosciences.com)
Residues1
  • Supporting Information: LC-MS characterization of GSH-MDI reaction products, Tables of peptides matched to albumin or modified albumin, and MS/MS data on the GSH-MDI modified albumin peptide containing residues 411-428. (cdc.gov)
Structural1
  • The light chains bind to the central neck domain of the myosin heavy chain and have structural and regulatory functions ( Heissler and Sellers, 2014 ). (elifesciences.org)
Expression4
  • Chromatin readers influence chromatin conformation by binding to specific histone modifications, thereby regulating gene expression. (saussurea.org)
  • Characterization and expression of enzymatically active recombinant filarial prolyl 4-hydroxylase. (embl.de)
  • Specifically, miR-125b-1 displayed preferential expression in the olfactory bulb, thalamus, and hypothalamus of the mouse brain. (bvsalud.org)
  • Characterization of tissue Transglutaminase expression in active white and grey matter MS lesions. (hersenbank.nl)
Mediates1
Antibodies1
  • When fluorochrome conjugated antibodies are bound to BD® CompBeads, they have spectral properties very similar to cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
Possess1
  • Calbindins possess a variable number of EF-HAND MOTIFS which contain calcium-binding sites. (lookformedical.com)
Brain2
Sites1
  • Three metal sites located on the C-terminal side of the barrel are occupied by Fe1, Fe2, and Zn ions, respectively, forming a trinuclear metal center liganded by seven histidines, one aspartate, one glutamate, and one hydroxide with two Fe ions bridged by the hydroxide. (rhea-db.org)
Multiple1
  • Studies of these toxins have focused on varied aspects of venom peptides ranging from evolutionary relationships of predator and prey, biological actions on excitable tissues, potential application as pharmacological intervention in disease therapy, and as part of multiple experimental approaches towards an understanding of the atomistic characterization of ion channel structure. (mdpi.com)
Human1
  • Immunocytochemical characterization of the human subthalamic nucleus. (hersenbank.nl)
Site1
  • The active site lies between the tops of the two barrels, the N-terminal barrel binds 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamic acid and the C-terminal barrel binds homocysteine. (wikipedia.org)
Disease1
  • Optimizing outcomes in prostate cancer (PCa) requires precision in characterization of disease status. (bvsalud.org)
Response1
  • In response to a 5-second lengthy 1 mM glutamate program, the smFRET build showed speedy activation (10C90% rise-time, 7 1 ms, n = 11) and desensitized to 20 3% from the top response using a weighted period constant from the 110 20 ms (n = 11, Amount Amoxicillin Sodium 1b, still left). (antiviralbiologic.com)
Center1
  • The coordination behavior of the phosphate ion toward the metal center supports the mechanism in which the bridging hydroxide makes a direct attack on the substrate phosphate tridentately bound to the two Fe ions and Zn ion to hydrolyze the phosphoester bond. (rhea-db.org)
Active1
  • In Drosophila with depleted RACK1 in all muscle cells or, specifically, in SC lineage resulted in a delayed recovery of skeletal muscle after physical damage as well as the low presence of active SC in the wound area. (sdbonline.org)
Properties2
  • Since MXE binds to SERT, it may display properties similar to common pharmacotherapies to treat depression. (psychedelicreview.com)
  • We then used two-photon glutamate uncaging, whole-cell recording, and Ca(2+) imaging to analyze the properties of nascent spines and their older neighbors. (janelia.org)
Grey1
  • b) Consultant electrophysiological responses in the smFRET construct displaying deactivation (grey) and desensitization (dark) (still left) with 1 mM glutamate and continuous 100 M glycine documented with outside-out areas at ?60 mV, inhibition by 1 M MK-801 recorded entirely cell mode at ?60 mV (middle), and inhibition by 10 M Zn2+ recorded entirely cell mode at +50 mV (right). (antiviralbiologic.com)
Domain2
  • The motor domain at the N-terminus of the myosin heavy chain binds actin filaments in an ATP-dependent manner. (elifesciences.org)
  • The myosin motor domain, the light chain binding neck and the tail domain of the heavy chain are indicated. (elifesciences.org)
Areas1
  • Specifically, replies to a 1-ms pulse of just one 1 mM glutamate with continuous glycine in outside-out areas deactivated using a weighted period continuous of 43 6 ms (n = 11, Amount 1b, still left) when compared with wild-type deactivation of 55 6 ms (n = 12). (antiviralbiologic.com)
Region1