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These CAR-MΦs were able to seek and engulf GSCs and clear residual GSCs by stimulating an adaptive antitumor immune response in the tumor microenvironment and prevented postoperative glioma relapse by inducing long-term antitumor immunity in mice. (nih.gov)
Cancer research has been conducted using cultured cells as part of drug discovery testing, but conventional two-dimensional culture methods are unable to reflect the complex tumor microenvironment. (medsci.org)
However, the cellular environment under 2D culture is very different and often a poor reflection of the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) in vivo [ 1 ]. (medsci.org)
Recent studies suggested that strategies to reduce immunosuppressive cells, promote systemic T-cell responses and lymphocyte trafficking to the tumor microenvironment (TME) may improve efficacy. (bmj.com)
1 This is due to multiple factors, including tumor heterogeneity, the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and innate or acquired resistance to treatment. (bmj.com)
Where these three cells come in contact is where tumor cells can enter blood vessels--a site called a tumor microenvironment of metastasis, or TMEM. (medindia.net)
Aggressive B-cell malignancies, such as mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), are microenvironment-dependent tumors and a better understanding of the dialogs occurring in lymphoma-protective ecosystems will provide new perspectives to increase treatment efficiency. (haematologica.org)
This integrated analysis led to the discovery of microenvironment-dependent and tumor-specific secretion of interleukin-32 beta (IL32β), whose expression was confirmed in situ within MCL lymph nodes by multiplex immunohistochemistry. (haematologica.org)
Finally, we demonstrated the efficacy of selective NIK/alternative-NFkB inhibition to counteract microenvironment-dependent induction of IL32β and BAFF-dependent survival of MCL cells. (haematologica.org)
Evidence demonstrating that the tumor ecosystem plays a central role in tumoral expansion and treatment resistance has continued to accumulate since the emergence of the tumor microenvironment concept more than a century ago. (haematologica.org)
Thus, the function of miRNA may ultimately depend on the specific microenvironment of a particular cell type, which can provide different repertoire of target genes. (bvsalud.org)

Strikingly, complete regressions of large established tumors depended on the tumor-infiltrating macrophages that were induced by this immunotherapy, because a small-molecule drug inhibitor targeting CSF-1R diminished the number of intratumoral macrophages and abrogated the complete remissions. (aacrjournals.org)
Background CD8 + T cells are a highly diverse population of cells with distinct phenotypic functions that can influence immunotherapy outcomes. (bmj.com)
Further insights on the roles of CD8 + specificities and TCR avidity of naturally arising tumor-specific T cells, where both high and low avidity T cells recognizing the same peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) coexist in the same tumor, are crucial for understanding T cell exhaustion and resistance to PD-1 immunotherapy. (bmj.com)
Conclusions Targeting subdominant T cell responses with lower avidity against pMHC affinity neoepitopes showed potential for improving PD-1 immunotherapy. (bmj.com)
Doctors use immunotherapy for specific types of cancer, such as leukemia , lymphoma , kidney cancer, and others. (kidshealth.org)
In children, immunotherapy isn't used as a first-line treatment. (kidshealth.org)
As the field of cancer immunotherapy advances rapidly, it is now crucial to understand how the dissemination and maintenance of tumor-specific T cells can be optimally achieved. (frontiersin.org)
So-called "hot" tumors filled with T cells are often considered to be more sensitive to immunotherapy compared to "cold" tumors with fewer T cells, but a clear demonstration of why has eluded cancer biologists--until now. (technologynetworks.com)
In addition, they found that whether a tumor was hot or cold determined whether it would respond to immunotherapy. (technologynetworks.com)
Of the 26 mice bearing hot tumors and treated with a combination of chemo- and immunotherapy called GAFCP, 20 survived to more than six months, suggesting a durable response to the therapy. (technologynetworks.com)
They found that cold tumor cells make a compound called CXCL1, which signals myeloid cells to enter tumors and T cells to stay away, which eventually results in insensitivity to immunotherapy. (technologynetworks.com)
Conversely, knocking out CXCL1 in cold tumors promoted T cell infiltration and sensitivity to immunotherapy. (technologynetworks.com)
Scientists from the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and the University Medical Center Mannheim (UMM) successfully tested a new form of cellular immunotherapy against brain tumors in mice for the first time. (dkfz.de)
These data confirm the presence of tumor-specific TCR within the cancer tissue and suggest the existence of shared epitopes among different patients that might be used as targets for tumor immunotherapy. (oncotarget.com)
Generation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) will enable advances in cancer immunotherapy. (bvsalud.org)
In passive cellular immunotherapy, specific effector cells are directly infused and are not induced within the patient. (msdmanuals.com)
Passive cellular immunotherapy references A number of immunologic interventions, both passive and active, can be directed against tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
In passive cellular immunotherapy, specific effector cells. (msdmanuals.com)
CAR T cell immunotherapy for human cancer. (msdmanuals.com)

Here, we report a cavity-injectable nanoporter-hydrogel superstructure that creates GSC-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) macrophages/microglia (MΦs) surrounding the cavity to prevent GBM relapse. (nih.gov)
This study supports ERV-K env as a single prognostic indicator for better survival of RCC, which we propose represents a new tumor antigen. (frontiersin.org)
While innate immune cells are important for early tumor immune surveillance, T cells are fundamentally recognized for their crucial role in the antigen-specific recognition and elimination of malignantly transformed cells ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
T cell memory is antigen-specific, and can provide durable host-wide protection. (frontiersin.org)
In the early 2000's, large and persistent populations of antigen (Ag)-specific CD8 T cells in peripheral tissues were initially classified as T EM cells in recirculation from the blood ( 8 , 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
That necroptotic cells don't have to carry any tumor antigen to have this effect was a remarkable finding to senior author Andrew Oberst , a cancer immunologist at the University of Washington. (the-scientist.com)
Bunse's team then isolated from the blood of the vaccinated individuals those T cells that had been activated by NLGN4X and consequently carried a T cell receptor that specifically "recognizes" this glioblastoma-associated antigen. (dkfz.de)
In this way, they succeeded in producing large numbers of T cells with identical specificity, all of which recognize the cancer antigen NLGN4X. (dkfz.de)
Much more advanced in clinical development than T-cell receptor transgenic cells are cellular therapies using so-called CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor) cells, which have already been approved for the treatment of various leukemias and lymphomas. (dkfz.de)
Mechanistically, we show that antigen-independent CAR signaling during lymphoid development enriched for ILC2-primed precursors at the expense of T cell precursors. (bvsalud.org)
We applied this understanding to modulate CAR signaling strength through expression level, structure, and presentation of cognate antigen to demonstrate that the T cell-versus-ILC lineage decision can be rationally controlled in either direction, providing a framework for achieving CAR-T cell development from PSCs. (bvsalud.org)
Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) recognize specific proteins on the surface of tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)

It was also shown that inhibition of the p16 tumour suppressor gene delays growth arrest and therefore senescence of MSC [ 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
Moreover, in contrast to N-803+αPD-L1, N-809 reduced immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (T reg ), monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSC) and M2-like macrophages in the TME. (bmj.com)
The "melanoma-enriched" microRNA miR-4731-5p acts as a tumour suppressor. (nih.gov)
Loss of DKK3 gene is associated with a possible tumor suppressor role in human cancers. (amrita.edu)
Depending on the context and the cell is type they are expressed, one can view miRNA oncogenic or tumor suppressor activity. (bvsalud.org)

Tumor-promoting functions of macrophages include angiogenesis, metastasis formation, and suppression of Th1-type immune responses. (aacrjournals.org)
Myc Is a Metastasis Gene for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. (mpg.de)
AXL significantly promotes tumour cell migration, invasion and metastasis, as well as angiogenesis. (cancerindex.org)
To evaluate the mechanisms underlying the role of AXL signalling in tumour metastasis, we screened a phage display library to generate a novel human monoclonal antibody, named DAXL-88, that recognizes both human and murine AXL. (cancerindex.org)
N-809 was well-tolerated and reduced 4T1 lung metastasis, decreased MC38 tumor burden and increased survival versus N-803+αPD-L1. (bmj.com)

To induce hyperglycemia, mice were intraperitoneally injected with STZ, which can damage pancreatic β cells resulting in the development of insulin dependent diabetes, a model of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). (nature.com)
Pancreatic tumors span the spectrum of T cell infiltration, but the basis for this heterogeneity is poorly understood. (technologynetworks.com)
In this study, the Penn team created a library of pancreatic tumor cell lines from a mouse model of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. (technologynetworks.com)
The cell lines that the team generated mimic a spectrum of pancreatic tumor features, including the types of immune cells they contain. (technologynetworks.com)
The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionary conserved signal transduction cascade present in almost all tissues and is required for embryonic and postnatal development, as well as for stem cell maintenance, but it is also implicated in tumorigenesis including pancreatic cancer and leukemia. (uni-ulm.de)
RBPJL is specifically expressed in the exocrine pancreas, whereas it is mostly undetectable in pancreatic tumour cell lines. (uni-ulm.de)
In highly heterogeneous tumours, like pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) however, the characterisation of cancer stem cells has led to controversial results due to the lack of consensus on specific markers. (lu.se)
Here we investigated the characteristics of a population of pancreatic cancer tumorspheres derived from different human pancreatic cancer cell lines and a primary line from a genetically engineered KPC mouse model, using flow cytometry and western blotting to analyse surface and stemness markers. (lu.se)

Tumor-specific lysis of human renal cell carcinomas by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Characterized by cell-surface molecules including CD103, CD69, and CD49a, T RM -like tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be found in a wide range of human cancers, where they portend improved prognosis. (frontiersin.org)
Recent studies indicate that atopic dermatitis may be the result of an altered immunologic balance in which T H 2 cells (a subtype of helper T lymphocytes) predominate. (medscape.com)
Granulysin is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expressed by human T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells. (uni-ulm.de)
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) may have greater tumoricidal activity than LAK cells. (msdmanuals.com)

More importantly, we show that MESF treatment leads to significant inhibition of tumor growth and a 3-fold increase in the life span of tumor bearing animals compared to untreated tumor mice. (nature.com)
Overproduction of Tlx in mice stimulates the development of malignant brain tumors from brain stem cells. (dkfz.de)
Using a molecular-biological trick, the investigators induced an overproduction of Tlx by the brain stem cells of mice. (dkfz.de)
We analyzed the effect of PD-1-Ab on tumor growth in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice (STZ-mice) subcutaneously inoculated with MC38 (a colon carcinoma cell line). (nature.com)
Furthermore, we assessed the expression of chemokines by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array in tumor-draining lymph nodes (dLNs) of these mice and MC38 cells cultured in different glucose concentrations. (nature.com)
This was accompanied by fewer tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells, and STZ-mice had fewer tumor-infiltrating CD11c + dendritic cells (DCs) than normoglycemic mice. (nature.com)
mRNA expression levels of CXCL9, a chemokine recruiting CD8 + T cells, were lower in dLNs of STZ-mice than in normoglycemic mice after PD-1-Ab treatment, and its protein was expressed in DCs. (nature.com)
To investigate the effect of hyperglycemia on anti-tumor function induced by anti-PD-1 antibody treatment, we treated STZ-induced diabetic mice with subcutaneous MC38 colon carcinoma tumors with anti-PD-1 antibody, and examined changes in tumor growth, the number of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors. (nature.com)
Mice were intraperitoneally injected with STZ or sodium citrate buffer (CB) 7 days before subcutaneous inoculation with MC38 cells in the right flank on day 0 (Fig. 1 A). Then, the mice were treated with anti-PD-1 antibody or normal rat IgG on days 5, 8, and 11. (nature.com)
The effect of anti-PD-1 antibody on MC38 tumor is attenuated in STZ-induced diabetic mice. (nature.com)
E-cadherin Controls Bronchiolar Progenitor Cells and Onset of Preneoplastic Lesions in Mice. (mpg.de)
Expression of B-RAF V600E in Type II Pneumocytes Causes Abnormalities in Alveolar Formation, Airspace Enlargement and Tumor Formation in Mice. (mpg.de)
Lin9, a Subunit of the Mammalian DREAM Complex, Is Essential for Embryonic Development, for Survival of Adult Mice, and for Tumor Suppression. (mpg.de)
Non-transformed, transformed BALB/c-3T3 cells, and tumor cell lines (obtained by injecting nude mice with transformed cell lines) were analyzed for genomic changes. (cdc.gov)
MCF10a is a non-invasive, immortalized, human breast epithelial cell line and MCF10CA1a is a highly invasive, H-Ras-transformed derivative of the MCF10a cell line that has been selected for its ability to form metastases in mice. (tufts.edu)
Importantly, these animals survived significantly longer than mice that had received injections of cancer cells that had apoptosis-inducing enzymes activated instead. (the-scientist.com)
Notably, IM-T9P1 triggered complete tumor regression in 39% (7/18) of MC38 tumor-bearing mice (compared with the 0% regression rate following PD-L1 monoclonal antibody treatment), and in 77% (30/39) of EMT6 tumor-bearing mice (compared with the 28% response rate following PD-L1 monoclonal antibody treatment). (izb-online.de)
These cell lines, when implanted in normal mice with a working immune system, grew into tumors that fell into the hot and cold categories, with cold tumors being the dominant type. (technologynetworks.com)
Half of the mice with hot tumors experienced tumor regressions after treatment with a checkpoint blockade drug, an effect that was enhanced with the addition of either an anti-CD40 agonist, combined chemotherapy, or both. (technologynetworks.com)
By contrast, none of the mice with cold tumors cleared their cancer following this therapy. (technologynetworks.com)
Appropriate number of cells will be prepared into single cell suspension in 50-100μL volume (PBS:matrigel=1:1) and injected subcutaneously on the flank or the abdominal area of the mice. (stanford.edu)
Tumor tissue or cells can be implanted into the specific orthotopic sites of the mice. (stanford.edu)
Cells are mixed with matrigel (Corning 356237, non-phenol red, low growth factor) and injected into mice for passaging at 2-5million cells per 50μl SQ. Additional cells can be frozen down for future usage of P1 and P2 passages. (stanford.edu)
Tumor fragments from tumor growing in donor mice will be passaged to recepient mice. (stanford.edu)
Brain tumor-bearing mice treated with transgenic NLGN4X-specific human T cells had a greater than 40 percent response to treatment. (dkfz.de)
Unlike tumor xenografts that are grown from established cell lines, these tumors were spontaneously generated in the mammary fat pad of mice, and are a better representation of human breast cancer. (teraview.com)

In the adult brain, the Tlx protein is responsible for generating new neurons from tissue stem cells. (dkfz.de)
It is what is called the subventricular zone, a tissue structure lining the lateral ventricles. (dkfz.de)
As a result, cell division activity in the subventricular zone increased, the cells left their habitual environment called stem cell niche, and started forming glioblastoma-like tissue lesions. (dkfz.de)
We assess whether drug sensitivity in cancer cell lines is able to discriminate tissue specificity. (nih.gov)
In this investigation a human RCC tissue microarray (TMA) (n=374) predominantly consisting of the most common histological tumor subtypes was hybridized with an ERV-K env antibody and correlated with patient clinical data. (frontiersin.org)
H-E staining showed tumor tissue-like structures specific to each cell line. (medsci.org)
In the future, it may become possible to produce tumor spheroids from tissue samples of oral cancer patients, and then apply them to drug screening and to develop individualized diagnostic and treatment methods. (medsci.org)
Therefore, it is difficult to propose that 2D culture accurately reflects the original growth state of tumor tissue. (medsci.org)
Resident memory (T RM ) cells are a distinct tissue-localized T cell lineage that is crucial for protective immunity in peripheral tissues. (frontiersin.org)
Recent studies in mouse tumor models have shown that T RM cells are induced by cancer vaccines delivered in peripheral tissue sites, or by the depletion of regulatory T cells. (frontiersin.org)
Such tumor-specific T RM cells are recognized as both necessary and sufficient for long-lived protection against tumors in peripheral tissue locations. (frontiersin.org)
They obtained tumor cells using fine needle aspiration and placed them in a novel engineered tissue assay designed to replicate the endothelium of a blood vessel--the barrier that cells must cross so they can spread from a primary tumor to distant sites. (medindia.net)
Biopsied tumor tissue from all 60 new patients was fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin so that TMEM sites in the tissue could be counted. (medindia.net)
Cooperative activity of GR with other transcription factors and a plethora of coregulators contribute to the tissue- and context-specific response toward the endogenous and pharmacological glucocorticoids (GCs). (uni-ulm.de)
Stage I- At this stage, the tumor is limited to the layer of tissue that lines the inside of the stomach. (apollohospitals.com)
The surgeon uses specialised tools to remove the cancer and a margin of healthy tissue from the stomach lining. (apollohospitals.com)
Soft tissue sarcomas are malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin, which may present in many anatomic locations [ 1 ]. (allenpress.com)
they account for 2% of all soft tissue sarcomas and less than 10% of primary mediastinal tumors [ 2 - 4 ]. (allenpress.com)
It is found in large quantities in glioblastoma cells, but is virtually undetectable in healthy brain tissue. (dkfz.de)
Although metabolic pathways have been shown to control differentiation and activation in peripheral T cells, metabolic studies on thymic T cell development are still lacking, especially in human tissue. (bvsalud.org)
However, the progenitor cells consist of T cells isolated from resected tumor tissue. (msdmanuals.com)
Endometriosis is when the kind of tissue that normally lines the uterus grows somewhere else. (cdc.gov)

Scientists from the German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) have now shown for the first time that malignant brain tumors arise directly from brain stem cells. (dkfz.de)
For many years now, the subventricular zone has been suspected to be the origin of specific malignant brain tumors called gliomas, the most deadly type of which is glioblastoma. (dkfz.de)

She injected the cells into mouse melanoma or adenocarcinoma tumors the animals carried on their flanks. (the-scientist.com)
Adenocarcinoma or cancer that begins in the glandular cells- Adenocarcinoma accounts for a great majority of stomach cancers. (apollohospitals.com)
Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) or cancer that begins in nervous system tissues- A rare form of cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) occurs in specific nervous system cells found in the stomach because most of the types of stomach cancer are rare, when people use the term "stomach cancer" they refer to adenocarcinoma. (apollohospitals.com)
In the United States, by far the more common is adenocarcinoma, but we also see squamous cell carcinoma about 25% of the time. (cancernetwork.com)
A potential alternative for adenocarcinoma tumors at the gastroesophageal junction is perioperative chemotherapy. (cancernetwork.com)
We observed low expression of DKK3 in gallbladder adenocarcinoma tumors and highly invasive GBC cell lines. (amrita.edu)

Research has intensified to understand ERV protein function and their role as tumor antigens and targets for cancer (immune) therapy. (frontiersin.org)
T RM responses against tumor/self-antigens can concurrently result in the development of pathogenic T RM responses to self, with a growing number of autoimmune diseases and inflammatory pathologies being attributed to T RM responses. (frontiersin.org)
In the first experiment, the injected necroptotic cells were derived from the same cell line as the tumors, and carried the same cell surface antigens. (the-scientist.com)
To him, it suggests that the necroptotic cells don't direct T cells to target tumors by displaying particular antigens, but rather by secreting particular cytokines and chemokines that activate local T cells that reside around the tumor and are already primed to attack those cancer cells, but need an external nudge to become active. (the-scientist.com)
After these initial studies had yielded such promising results, Lukas Bunse expects that vaccine-induced T-cell receptors targeting brain tumor antigens could be a promising approach to develop new immunotherapies against glioblastoma. (dkfz.de)
According to the scientist, it is also conceivable to generate T cell receptor transgenic cell therapies against patient-individual cancer antigens. (dkfz.de)
Tumor Antigens Many tumor cells produce antigens, which may be released in the bloodstream or remain on the cell surface. (msdmanuals.com)
Concomitant use of interferon enhances the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and TAAs on tumor cells, thereby augmenting the killing of tumor cells by the infused effector cells. (msdmanuals.com)

This is called tumour hypoxia and leads to resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
The treatment of squamous esophageal tumors has not changed much over the last 30 to 40 years and consists primarily of chemotherapy. (cancernetwork.com)
The new study, in combination with the Sheng Lab's 2015 study published in Cancer Research , is the first to depict a specific channel protein and its enzymatic interactions with signaling molecules driving tumor growth that may underlie chemotherapy resistance in glioblastomas that don't express the DNA-repairing protein MGMT - as well as a novel therapeutic approach. (eurekalert.org)

Two retrospective studies from Israel 12 and Japan 13 recently reported that diabetes was negatively correlated to overall survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with ICIs. (nature.com)
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the ten most common cancers for men and women with an approximate 75% overall 5-year survival. (frontiersin.org)
High ERV-K env total protein expression of all tumor subtypes significantly correlated with low tumor grading and a longer disease specific survival using multivariable analyses. (frontiersin.org)
We applied a range of molecular and cellular techniques to measure cell survival, cell cycle progression, protein expression and DNA damage combined with a transcriptomic micro-array approach in D283-MED cells, for global gene expression analysis in acute and chronic hypoxic conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
As a consequence, p53 activation by etoposide was reduced, and cell survival enhanced. (biomedcentral.com)
Treatment with IM-T9P1 resulted in the sustained activation of a specific type of tumor infiltrating cell, dendritic cells 3 (DC3s), which can promote antitumor immunity by supporting T cells with survival signals and enabling them to perform their effector functions. (izb-online.de)
Cell survival was determined 7, 8, or 9 days after RT by the sulforhodamine B test. (biomedcentral.com)
Overall, these novel effects of N-809 promote an inflamed TME, leading to lower tumor burden and increased survival. (bmj.com)
The findings could significantly delay tumor recurrence resulting from chemoresistance and prolong survival in glioblastoma patients, according to Sheng. (eurekalert.org)
Using ex vivo models of primary MCL cells (n=23), we demonstrated that, through the secretion of IL32β, the tumor was able to polarize monocytes into specific MCL-associated macrophages, which in turn favor tumor survival. (haematologica.org)
We highlighted that while IL32β-stimulated macrophages secreted several protumoral factors, they supported tumor survival through a soluble dialog, mostly driven by BAFF. (haematologica.org)
These data uncovered the IL32β/BAFF axis as a previously undescribed pathway involved in lymphoma-associated macrophage polarization and tumor survival, which could be counteracted through selective NIK inhibition. (haematologica.org)
The cells' gene expression signatures were tested for association with clinical outcome of breast cancer patients using survival data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. (lu.se)
A myCAF gene signature is found to associate with poor breast cancer-specific survival. (lu.se)

Incubation of tumor cells with T cell-derived IFNγ and TNFα recapitulated the chemokine profile observed in vivo , confirming the capacity of antitumor CD8 T cells to mediate macrophage infiltration of tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
In vivo, tumour cells are simultaneously exposed to signals initiated by a variety of oncogenes, cytokine receptors and adhesion molecules, and it is the integrated signals that determine the cellular phenotype. (europa.eu)
Tumor cells can be cultured by our staff in preparation for in vivo studies. (stanford.edu)
Osteogenic differentiation and bone formation assays in culture and in vivo were employed to gauge for origin in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs). (lu.se)
Analyzing samples from 805 children with newly diagnosed ALL from three consecutive clinical trials, we determined the ex vivo sensitivity of primary leukemia cells to 18 therapeutic agents across 23 molecular subtypes defined by leukemia genomics. (cdc.gov)

We find that cancer-specific drugs do not show higher efficacies in cell lines representing the respective tissues. (nih.gov)
The immune system contains a network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body. (kidshealth.org)
However, MSCs need to be expanded in vitro in order to obtain sufficient cells for clinical trials since they are extremely rare in various tissues. (hindawi.com)
Following effective priming in lymph nodes, T cells traffic to tumors and other peripheral tissues. (frontiersin.org)
whereas T EM cells were shown to recirculate predominantly through blood, and peripheral tissues ( 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
Tumors are generated from human tumor cell lines or tissues, then dissected and digested using an enzyme cocktail of DNase I (Sigma 10104159001), trypsin inhibitor (Sigma T9253-5G), and papain (Worthington LS003126) into a single cell suspension. (stanford.edu)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Almost all tumors presented in this work demonstrated advanced stages where cancer infiltrated other tissues like fat and fibrous stroma. (teraview.com)
Fibroids are made of muscle cells and other tissues that grow in and around the wall of the uterus, or womb. (cdc.gov)

In an orthotopic patient-derived glioblastoma humanized mouse model, the combined treatment with nanoporter-hydrogel superstructure and CD47 antibody increased the frequency of positive immune responding cells and suppressed the negative immune regulating cells, conferring a robust tumoricidal immunity surrounding the postsurgical cavity and inhibiting postoperative glioblastoma relapse. (nih.gov)
Therefore, our work establishes a locoregional treatment strategy for priming cancer stem cell-specific tumoricidal immunity with broad application in patients suffering from recurrent malignancies. (nih.gov)
While a great deal of effort has focused on defining their role in immunity to infections, studies now reveal T RM cells as a vital component of the host immune response to cancer. (frontiersin.org)
This review will recount the path to discovering the importance of resident memory CD8 T cells as they pertain to cancer immunity. (frontiersin.org)
In addition to highlighting key studies that directly implicate T RM cells in anti-tumor immunity, we will highlight earlier work that implicitly suggested their importance. (frontiersin.org)
The recent success of T cell immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies for cancer has revealed CD8 T cells as potent mediators of immunity against advanced cancers ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
These early classifications of T cell memory were quickly brought to bear on the question of what T cell subset provides the best immunity against cancer. (frontiersin.org)
Secarna Pharmaceuticals, an IZB-based biopharmaceutical company focusing on the discovery and development of next-generation antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapies to address challenging or previously undruggable targets via its LNAplus™ platform, announced the publication of striking new preclinical data demonstrating that bimodal ASOs can enable efficacious long-term antitumor immunity in tumor models compared to current immune checkpoint inhibitors. (izb-online.de)
Collectively, these data show that IM-T9P1 leads to long-lasting, adaptive antitumor immunity that can be further improved when combined with T cell-targeting immune checkpoint inhibitors and can have efficacy against large, established tumors in preclinical tumor models. (izb-online.de)
In a new study published this week in Immunity , researchers probe the role of "tumor heterogeneity," a cancer cells' ability to move, replicate, metastasize, and respond to treatment. (technologynetworks.com)

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumour in children. (biomedcentral.com)
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant embryonal brain tumour originating from neural stem cells or granule-cell progenitors of the cerebellum, due to a deregulation of signalling pathways involved in neuronal development such as Wnt or Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Increased TME NK and CD8 + T-cell numbers correlated with augmented chemokine ligands and receptors. (bmj.com)

In MC38 cells cultured with 25 mM glucose, mRNA expression of CCL7, a chemokine recruiting DCs, was decreased compared to cells cultured with 5 mM glucose. (nature.com)
These results suggest that the STZ-induced hyperglycemia impairs the effect of PD-1-Ab treatment on MC38 tumor growth, and is accompanied by reduced infiltration of DCs and CD8 + T cells and decreased expression of CCL7 and CXCL9. (nature.com)

Therefore, the discovery of Tlx might provide the first target for a specific therapy against deadly glioblastoma. (dkfz.de)
The molecular mechanisms underlying such resistance have been investigated in a range of tumour types, including the adult brain tumours glioblastoma, yet little is known for paediatric brain tumours. (biomedcentral.com)
We used two MB cell line (D283-MED and MEB-Med8A) and a widely used glioblastoma cell line (U87MG) for comparison. (biomedcentral.com)
image: Glioblastoma cells, pictured above, are notoriously aggressive and evade front-line cancer treatments. (eurekalert.org)
Glioblastoma often resists front-line chemotherapies, including temozolomide, a drug that damages DNA and triggers tumor cell death. (eurekalert.org)
Sheng's research team used glioblastoma cell lines and primary glioblastoma cells derived from patient tumor specimens to discover that inhibiting two specific proteins when combined with temozolomide, produced an effective "triple combinational therapy" that overcame chemoresistance. (eurekalert.org)
To me, the most novel finding in this study is that we discovered connexin 43 selectively binds to the PIK3CB/p110beta protein, enabling certain glioblastoma cells to gain chemoresistant traits," Sheng said. (eurekalert.org)

Conditional Expression of Oncogenic C-RAF in Mouse Pulmonary Epithelial Cells Reveals Differential Tumorigenesis and Induction of Autophagy Leading to Tumor Regression. (mpg.de)
In a growing number of cases, CD8 T cells have been shown to mediate the regression of large bulky tumors, resulting in durable long-term disease remissions ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)

Scientists from the divisions of Professor Dr. G nther Sch tz and Professor Dr. Peter Lichter at the German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) have recently shown in mouse brains that brain stem cells in the subventricular zone are characterized by a specific molecule: Protein Tlx, a transcription factor, which stimulates the activity of various genes. (dkfz.de)
Although epigenetically silenced, endogenous retroviral (ERV) genes become activated in tumors and function to ignite immune responses. (frontiersin.org)
Transcriptomics analyses showed pathways related to TCR signaling, cytotoxicity and oxidative phosphorylation were significantly enriched in Tet lo found in both regressing and progressing tumors compared with Tet hi , whereas genes related to DNA damage, apoptosis and autophagy were downregulated. (bmj.com)
In addition, their osteogenic differentiation potential was increased, and genes involved in cell adhesion, FGF-2 signalling, cell cycle, stemness, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation were upregulated, compared to that of the MSCs cultured on uncoated plates. (hindawi.com)
Using transcriptomic analysis in D283-MED cells, we found a large transcriptional remodelling upon long term hypoxia, in particular the expression of a number of genes involved in detection and repair of double strand breaks (DSB) was altered. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent studies from Penn Medicine and other institutions have suggested that the degree to which T cells are attracted to a tumor is regulated by genes specific to that tumor. (technologynetworks.com)
In line with this, RBPJL is able to fully reconstitute transcriptional repression at Notch target genes in cells lacking RBPJ. (uni-ulm.de)
Cells will be labeled with luciferase or other reporter genes. (stanford.edu)
Trial organizers announced that the first participant had been treated using immune cells with four base-edited genes, equipping the cells to better target and destroy tumors. (cdc.gov)

Antitumor efficacy of N-809 or N-803+αPD-L1 was evaluated in two murine carcinoma models and an extensive analysis of immune correlates was performed in the tumor and tumor-draining lymph node (dLN). (bmj.com)
cancer cells may also have spread to a limited number of nearby lymph nodes. (apollohospitals.com)
Cancer cells may also have spread to more of the lymph nodes. (apollohospitals.com)
Removing Lymph Nodes to Look for cancer - The surgeon examines and removes lymph nodes in your abdomen to look for cancer cells. (apollohospitals.com)
After surgery, my PSA was at 0.1, and with eight(8) lymph nodes dissected during surgery all were negative for microscopic cancer cells. (cancer.org)
To identify novel molecular regulations, we performed a transcriptomic analysis based on the comparison of circulating MCL cells (n=77) versus MCL lymph nodes (n=107) together with RNA sequencing of malignant (n=8) versus normal B-cell (n=6) samples. (haematologica.org)
Although antilymphocyte serum was used in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and in T-cell and B-cell lymphomas, resulting in temporary decreases in lymphocyte counts or lymph node size, newer humoral immunotherapeutic modalities have been developed. (msdmanuals.com)

The molecular biology underlying renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development and progression has been a key milestone in the management of this type of tumor. (cancerindex.org)

Here, we show that successful treatment of cervical carcinoma in mouse models with synthetic long peptide (SLP) vaccines induced influx of cytokine-producing CD8 T cells that strongly altered the numbers and phenotype of intratumoral macrophages. (aacrjournals.org)
In addition, N-809 reduces immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic immune cells in the TME, including T reg , M2-like macrophages and M-MDSC. (bmj.com)
Gran1 was selectively internalized by macrophages, the major host cell of Mtb , and restricted the proliferation of the pathogen. (uni-ulm.de)

CAR T-cell therapy. (kidshealth.org)
The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into multiple cell lineages can be exploited as an attractive strategy for cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Since the mid-1990's I became interested in investigator-initiated trials of new agents for immune-mediated diseases, most notably one of the very first trials of B cell targeted therapy for autoimmunity (anti-CD20 for SLE). (rochester.edu)
To discuss current and emerging therapy options for esophageal cancer, ONCOLOGY spoke with Geoffrey Y. Ku, MD, a medical oncologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, who specializes in the treatment of malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract, including esophageal tumors. (cancernetwork.com)
For esophageal squamous cell cancer, we consider standard therapy to be definitive chemoradiation with observation. (cancernetwork.com)
However, since only a few NLGN4X-specific T cells can be obtained in this way, which are not sufficient for cell therapy, the scientists resorted to a trick: they isolated the gene coding for the NLGN4X-specific T cell receptor. (dkfz.de)
But the two cell therapy approaches differ in one important respect. (dkfz.de)
Therefore CAR T cells and TCR T cells may represent complementary approaches to cancer therapy. (msdmanuals.com)

In an attempt to improve the sensitivity of HKU1 detection, we analyzed samples with negative results by PCR with a nested PCR specific for coronavirus HKU1. (cdc.gov)
We aimed to elucidate the impact of hypoxia on the sensitivity of MB cells to chemo- and radiotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
Pharmacological response data for targeted inhibitors of SRC, WNT, GSK3b, aurora kinase, PI3 kinase, and mTOR, showed significant differences in sensitivity across cell lines assigned to different subtypes. (tudelft.nl)
Importantly, some of these differences in sensitivity were in concordance with high expression of the targets or activation of the corresponding pathways in primary tumor samples of the same subtype. (tudelft.nl)
The degree of radiosensitisation was also cell line dependent and seemed to correlate with the sensitivity of the cell line to the cytotoxic effect of dFdC. (biomedcentral.com)
Leukemia sensitivity to these two agents was highly associated with MRD although with distinct patterns and only in B cell ALL. (cdc.gov)
We performed a first-of-kind evaluation of two transcriptome-based precision cancer medicine methodologies to predict tumor sensitivity to a comprehensive repertoire of clinically relevant oncology drugs, whose mechanism of action we experimentally assessed in cognate cell lines. (cdc.gov)

Sixteen histological tumor subtypes exist and the most common are papillary, chromophobe and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) representing 85% of all RCC. (frontiersin.org)
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the seventh most frequently diagnosed tumor in adults in Europe and represents approximately 2.5% of cancer deaths. (cancerindex.org)
cells, such as osteoclasts and renal cells, where they function in bone resorption and urinary acidification, respectively. (tufts.edu)
The a3 and a4 isoforms target V-ATPases to the plasma membrane of osteoclasts and renal intercalated cells, respectively. (tufts.edu)
In an attempt to evaluate the immune response of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients, tumor lesions and / or blood samples from 12 RCC patients underwent deep T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing. (oncotarget.com)
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) occurs with an incidence of 2-3% and is the 10th most common cancer type [ 1 , 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)

But to the researchers' surprise, they witnessed the same slowdown of tumor growth when they instead injected necroptotic cells from a healthy fibroblast cell line into the tumors. (the-scientist.com)

Most of the RCC patients presented "patient-specific" TCR sequences, and those clonotypes were present at higher frequency in tumor lesions suggesting a specific extravasation from the blood. (oncotarget.com)

This gene may be involved in several cellular functions including growth, migration, aggregation and anti-inflammation in multiple cell types. (cancerindex.org)
Compared with N-803+αPD-L1, N-809 enhanced natural killer (NK) and CD8 + T-cell activation and function in the dLN and TME, relating to increased gene expression associated with interferon and cytokine signaling, lymphoid compartment, costimulation and cytotoxicity. (bmj.com)
Upon depletion of RBPJ using CRISPR/Cas9, we observed specific upregulation of Notch target gene expression. (mdpi.com)
Currently, we are aligning the effectiveness of the substances on 60 different cancer cell lines with the gene activity profiles of these cells. (sciencedaily.com)
We focused on the gene amplification and protein expression of ABCC3 (also known as MRP3) in breast cancer cell lines and clinical tumor samples. (lu.se)
ABCC3 (MRP3) protein overexpression was more common in tumors with gene amplification (P = 0.069). (lu.se)
Specifically, increased ABCC3 mRNA and gene copy numbers were most prominent in HER2 amplified and/or HER2-enriched classified tumors. (lu.se)

Annexin V-propidium iodide double-staining demonstrated that Sapota fruit extracts potentiate apoptosis rather than necrosis in cancer cells. (nature.com)
In psoriasis, T H 1 cells, which secrete interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor, predominate. (medscape.com)

Notably, further dividing these two subtypes using iNMF (iterative Non-negative Matrix Factorization) revealed five subtypes that exhibit activation of specific signaling pathways, and show significant differences in clinical and molecular characteristics. (tudelft.nl)
Recent studies have revealed that AXL contributes to leukaemic phenotypes through activation of oncogenic signalling pathways that lead to increased cell migration and proliferation. (cancerindex.org)
Although for years most studies have focused on tumor cells, allowing the discovery of numerous key (epi)-genetic aberrations and oncogenic pathways, it is now widely accepted that ecosystem integration is also critical for the understanding of cancer progression. (haematologica.org)
Integrated analysis of transcriptome sequencing after IGF2BP1 knockout and RIP-Seq after IGF2BP1 pulldown in Reh cell line revealed that IGF2BP1 targets encompass multiple pro-oncogenic signalling pathways including TNFα/NFκB and PI3K-Akt pathways. (bvsalud.org)
In summary, we have identified, and at the molecular level characterized, signaling pathways and specific factors through which oncogenic HIF2A activity is regulated and may be targeted. (lu.se)

Methods CT26 models were treated with anti-PD-1 on days 3, 6 and 9 following subcutaneous tumor implantation generating variable responses during early tumor development. (bmj.com)

The higher number of TME CD8 + T cells was attributed to enhanced infiltration, not in situ expansion. (bmj.com)

These changes of the intratumoral myeloid composition coincided with macrophage recruitment by chemokines, including CCL2 and CCL5, and were completely dependent on a vaccine-induced influx of tumor-specific CD8 T cells. (aacrjournals.org)
In earlier studies involving animal models and human cancer cell lines, researchers found that breast cancer spreads when three specific cells are in direct contact: an endothelial cell (a type of cell that lines the blood vessels), a perivascular macrophage (a type of immune cell found near blood vessels), and a tumor cell that produces high levels of Mena, a protein that enhances a cancer cell's ability to spread. (medindia.net)

Even when considering distinct cancer subtypes and targeted therapies, most drugs are evenly effective/ineffective throughout all cell lines. (nih.gov)
To counteract this, there is an urgent need to identify the next generation of drug targets required to create the second line therapies that are critically needed. (europa.eu)
To tailor CRC treatment, it is essential to first model this heterogeneity by defining subtypes of patients with homogeneous biological and clinical characteristics and second match these subtypes to cell lines for which extensive pharmacological data is available, thus linking targeted therapies to patients most likely to respond to treatment. (tudelft.nl)
By matching the identified subtypes to cell line panels that have been pharmacologically characterized, it opens up new possibilities for the development and application of targeted therapies for defined CRC patient sub-populations. (tudelft.nl)
In the future, these tumor cell lines could help to further identify and optimize therapies for specific subsets of patients with various states of tumor heterogeneity. (technologynetworks.com)
To find new, more effective treatment options for those affected, doctors and scientists are testing numerous immunotherapeutic approaches, including so-called "adoptive" T-cell therapies: This involves isolationg T cells from the patient, modifying them in the culture dish and transferring them back to the patient. (dkfz.de)
Clinical trials of LAK cells in humans are ongoing but this approach has not gained widespread use and is generally considered less effective than other cell therapies. (msdmanuals.com)

Almost all patients with GBM relapse within a narrow margin around the initial resected lesion due to postsurgery residual glioma stem cells (GSCs). (nih.gov)
There is no disputing that targeting immune cells has led to promising outcomes for many cancer patients, but not every person responds to these types of treatments," said senior author Ben Stanger, MD, PhD, a professor of Gastroenterology and Cell and Developmental Biology in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. (technologynetworks.com)
Every tumor is different, so we're investigating how to use the underlying biology of tumor cells to successfully treat more cancer patients. (technologynetworks.com)
Background Anti(α)-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) monotherapy fails to provide durable clinical benefit for most patients with carcinoma. (bmj.com)
A study combining tumor cells from breast cancer patients with a laboratory model of blood vessel lining provides the most compelling evidence so far. (medindia.net)
For the subset of more recent patients, the researchers assessed tumor cell behavior--in particular, cancer cells' ability to cross the endothelium (inner layer) of blood vessels. (medindia.net)
Breast cancer cells able to cross the endothelial layer in this assay were found to have higher MenaINV levels compared with the total population of patients' aspirated cells. (medindia.net)
The CROSS trial, conducted in the Netherlands, reported a pathologic response rate of almost 50% for patients with squamous cell cancer of the esophagus who received chemoradiation. (cancernetwork.com)
In general, most patients who develop squamous cell cancers have comorbidities, since this is a cancer related to smoking and drinking. (cancernetwork.com)
They found the right target, but their studies in canine glioma patients revealed difficulties in delivery of effective doses of alphaCT1 to brain tumors in these companion animals. (eurekalert.org)
Lukas Bunse, a scientist at the German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) and a physician at the University Medical Center Mannheim, relies on the comparatively new concept of "T cell receptor transgenic cells" in his current study: To this end, brain tumor patients were first inoculated with an antigenic fragment of the protein NLGN4X (Neuroligin4X). (dkfz.de)
In melanoma, the malignant black skin cancer, such T-cell receptor transgenic T cells have already been shown to prolong the lives of some patients. (dkfz.de)
A team of researchers from the Cancer Science Institute of Singapore (CSI Singapore) at the National University of Singapore (NUS) has discovered that a transcription factor, TOX2, was aberrantly increased in patients with natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTL). (ecancer.org)
We found that DKK3 expression levels were low in GBC patients and cell lines. (amrita.edu)

The suppressive effect of PD-1-Ab on tumor growth was attenuated. (nature.com)
It can stop or slow the growth of cancer cells. (kidshealth.org)
Cellular senescence refers to active cells that eventually enter a state of irreversible growth arrest. (hindawi.com)
Elimination of B-RAF in Oncogenic C-RAF-expressing Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells Reduces MAPK Signal Intensity and Lung Tumor Growth. (mpg.de)
It transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding to the vitamin K-dependent protein growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6). (cancerindex.org)
Now, researchers show that injecting cells undergoing necroptosis into mice's tumors directs killer T cells to attack the malignancies and slow their growth. (the-scientist.com)
Over the following week, the team observed the animals' tumor growth slowing down-a process that later results revealed was dependent on the presence of killer T cells. (the-scientist.com)
For instance, when the researchers treated the necroptotic cells to curtail the production of those cytokines, and then injected them into tumors, they didn't see the slowdown in growth they had observed in earlier experiments. (the-scientist.com)
Extracts from 18 of the plants under investigation were found to substantially suppress the growth of a cancer cell line in the culture dish. (sciencedaily.com)
The substances were found to suppress the growth of a specific tumor cell line that is particularly resistant to many commonly used cytotoxins due to overproduction of a transport protein in the cell wall. (sciencedaily.com)
In previous studies of gliomas, increased levels of the connexin 43 protein suppressed tumor growth. (eurekalert.org)
In a subset of peri-vascularly located immature neural crest-like neuroblastoma cells, aggressiveness and growth promoting charasteristics have been reported to be instigated by HIF-2α, a key element of the oxygen-sensing machinery. (lu.se)

Removing Early-stage Tumours from the Stomach Lining- Very small cancer s limited to the inside lining of the stomach may be removed with the procedure of endoscopic mucosal resection. (apollohospitals.com)
Non-squamous non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) tumours are tested for driver mutations and rearrangements, typically EGFR, ALK, ROS1, MET, and BRAF. (sense-studios.com)
In time, novel immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) will treat growing numbers of driver cell mutations in squamous and non-squamous tumours. (sense-studios.com)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including antibodies against programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and PD-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1), induce their anti-tumor effects by improving the function of immune cells 11 . (nature.com)

In addition, expression of IGF-II and HIF-2α correlates in neuroblastoma cell lines, tumors and in sympathetic neuroblasts during embryonic week 6.5, but not later, suggesting that these IGF-II and HIF-2α expressing neuroblastomas originate from sympathetic pre-ganglia at developmental week 6.5 or earlier. (lu.se)

Functioning of the stem cells thus appears to depend on the presence of this protein. (dkfz.de)
Western blotting was used for protein expression analysis of the collected cell masses (spheroids), and H-E staining was used for structural observation. (medsci.org)
The incumbent will perform molecular biology and protein-based assays, conduct cell culture and animal experiments, assist the other laboratory staff, ensure regulatory compliance, and perform day-to-day maintenance and oversight of the laboratory. (latpro.com)
Prior research laboratory experience and skills in performing molecular biology experiments, cell culture and protein assays is highly desired. (latpro.com)
To investigate the effects of necroptotic cells on tumors, doctoral student Annelise Snyder at the University of Washington along with her colleagues engineered cancer cells in which the RIPK3 protein-an enzyme that triggers the necroptotic pathway-was activated. (the-scientist.com)
The publication describes the preclinical activity of Secarna's high-affinity bimodal LNAplus™-based ASO, IM-T9P1, that simultaneously triggers toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) signaling and downregulates programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, a protein involved in the suppression of the adaptive immune system, in one molecular entity. (izb-online.de)
The dCK activity of our cell lines varied considerably and differed up to three fold from 5 to 15 pmol/h/mg protein between the tested cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
Sheng's team applied two molecules that blocked downstream chemical reactions, curbing the production of Akt - a key protein kinase that the cancer cells need to metabolize food, move, proliferate, and survive. (eurekalert.org)

Spheroids made from oral cancer cell lines appeared to have tumor-like characteristics that may reflect their clinical significance. (medsci.org)
His research has involved both translational research and clinical trials including the role of B cell depletion and mesenchymal stem cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. (rochester.edu)
In this case study, we present the clinical diagnosis and treatment of a 17-year-old male with unresectable high-grade spindle cell sarcoma involving the mediastinum and pericardium. (allenpress.com)
Fluorescence and chromogenic in situ hybridization, using an ABCC3-specific probe, was used to analyze 11 breast cancer cell lines and 112 clinical tumor samples. (lu.se)
In the HER-2-negative clinical tumor samples, only 4/55 (7.3%) exhibited ABCC3 amplification. (lu.se)

Methods We applied a new unsupervised, iterative approach to stratify CRC tumor samples into subtypes based on genome-wide mRNA expression data. (tudelft.nl)
By applying this stratification to several CRC cell line panels and integrating pharmacological response data, we generated hypotheses regarding the targeted treatment of different subtypes. (tudelft.nl)
Application of this stratification to four CRC cell line panels comprising 74 different cell lines, showed that the tumor subtypes are well represented in available CRC cell line panels. (tudelft.nl)

Many existing protocols for neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent cells result in heterogeneous cell populations and unsynchronized differentiation, necessitating the development of methods for labeling specific cell populations. (lu.se)
Methods: Primary breast tumor-derived CAFs were transduced to express human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and sorted into CD105 low and CD105 high populations using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). (lu.se)

however, it remains unknown whether the anti-tumor effects of anti-programmed cell death-1 antibody (PD-1-Ab) treatment are changed in hyperglycemic conditions. (nature.com)
Specific antibody-receptor interactions trigger InlAB-independent uptake of listeria monocytogenes into tumor cell lines. (mpg.de)
A novel human anti-AXL monoclonal antibody attenuates tumour cell migration. (cancerindex.org)
To determine whether expression of V-ATPases at the plasma membrane is important in breast cancer cell invasion, we have employed an inhibitory antibody that selectively blocks plasma membrane V-ATPase activity. (tufts.edu)

Currently, there are no TOX2-specific inhibitors. (ecancer.org)

The ultimate aim of this line of research is to identify novel drug targets that can subsequently be exploited by the European pharmaceutical industry. (europa.eu)
These manmade antibodies (disease-fighting proteins) help the immune system work by trying to attach to specific targets (markers) found on cancer cells. (kidshealth.org)
Combinatorial treatment of mammospheres with trastuzumab and salinomycin efficiently targets HER2-positive cancer cells and cancer stem cells. (mpg.de)

Cisplatin showed concentration-dependent antitumor effects due to loss of cell adhesion and spheroid disruption in each cell line, while cetuximab exhibited antitumor effects that correlated with EGFR expression in each cell line. (medsci.org)
The combined downregulation of PD-L1 expression in a single-molecule approach resulted in exceptional antitumor activity in different tumor models. (izb-online.de)

Cell proliferation and invasion were assayed using the kidney cell lines HEK293 with wild-type p53 and a ccRCC cell line MZ1257RC mutated for p53. (frontiersin.org)
HEK293 cells demonstrated a restriction of ERV-K113 env expression and invasion with no changes in proliferation in the absence of Aza. (frontiersin.org)
RAF Kinase Activity Regulates Neuroepithelial Cell Proliferation and Neuronal Progenitor Cell Differentiation during Early Inner Ear Development. (mpg.de)
WAT is characterised by its capacity to adapt and expand in response to surplus energy through processes of adipocyte hypertrophy and/or recruitment and proliferation of precursor cells in combination with vascular and extracellular matrix remodelling. (springer.com)
We showed that overexpression of DKK3 can decrease cell invasion, proliferation, and colony forming ability of GBC cells. (amrita.edu)

Importantly, overexpression of the a3 isoform in the parental MCF10a cells significantly increased both the level of plasma membrane V-ATPases and in vitro invasion. (tufts.edu)

and a type III tumor is a proximal gastric cancer extending upwards to the gastroesophageal junction. (cancernetwork.com)

Tetramer staining was performed to determine the frequency and avidity of CD8 + T cells targeting the tumor-specific epitope GSW11 and confirmed with tetramer competition assays. (bmj.com)

Adoptive transfer of Tet lo showed more effective tumor control than Tet hi , and curative responses were achieved when Tet lo was combined with two doses of anti-PD-1. (bmj.com)
Informed by studies in infectious disease models, and instructed by a clear role for T RM cells in autoimmunity, we will discuss strategies for therapeutically promoting T RM responses in settings where they don't naturally occur. (frontiersin.org)
The persistence of such responses is fundamentally thought to be based on the ability of T cells to act as potent effectors and, subsequently, generate long-lived memory ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)

We used cDNA obtained from cultured human rectal tumor cell line HRT-18G cells inoculated with bovine coronavirus strain Kakegawa as positive controls for PCR. (cdc.gov)
Specifically, ERV-K members were originally identified due to their similarity to the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV) and are subdivided into ten so-called human MMTV-like clades (HML1-10) ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
Previous studies have implicated V-ATPases in human cancer cell invasion. (tufts.edu)
Prior work from our laboratory comparing a subunit expression in human breast cancer cell lines has shown that both a3 and a4 are highly expressed in highly invasive MDA-MB231 cells compared to poorly invasive MCF7 cells and that knockdown of either isoform using isoform-specific siRNAs significantly inhibits invasion of MDA-MB231 cells. (tufts.edu)
These studies suggest that human breast tumor cells employ particular a subunit isoforms to target V-ATPases to the plasma membrane, where they aid in tumor cell invasion. (tufts.edu)
In the present study, the relation between deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) activity and the radiosensitising effect of gemcitabine was investigated in eight different human tumour cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
This strategy provides a useful tool for visualization and identification of neural progeny derived from human pluripotent stem cells. (lu.se)
We provide detailed protocols for lentiviral transduction, neural differentiation, and subsequent analysis of human embryonic stem cells. (lu.se)
Given this, human pluripotent stem cells, such as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripo- tent stem cells (hiPSCs), have become a unique cell source for study- ing early human brain development. (lu.se)
However, current protocols for deriving neurons from human pluripotent stem cells give rise to heterogeneous cell populations both in regard to the temporal aspects and the cellular composition. (lu.se)
Although possible, these strategies are often complicated to transfer to human cells due to technical issues (9 ), and only a few successful cases have been described ( 10, 11 ). (lu.se)
Here we describe how this system can be used for human embry- onic stem cells. (lu.se)

Data table showing topics related to specific cancers and associated disorders. (cancerindex.org)
Previous cancer research has shown that a specific signaling pathway - PI3K/Akt controlled by the enzyme PIK3CB/p110beta - is faulty in aggressive cancers. (eurekalert.org)

Functional characteristics were assessed with respect to contractility in culture and interaction with tumor cells in mouse xenografts. (lu.se)

We find that inhibition of V-ATPase activity by concanamycin reduced in vitro invasion of MCF10CA1a cells, but not the parental MCF10a cells. (tufts.edu)
Inhibition of plasma membrane V-ATPases is shown to significantly reduce invasion of MDA-MB231 cells. (tufts.edu)

The specific aim of this proposal is to elucidate the molecular networks that modify RTK signalling output during tumour progression to metastatic disease, with the aim of identifying network nodes that can subsequently be targeted for drug development. (europa.eu)
Cysts mark the early stage of metastatic tumor development in non-small cell lung cancer. (mpg.de)

Doctors take some T-cells (a type of white blood cell) from a patient's blood and change them in a lab so they can find and destroy cancer cells. (kidshealth.org)
Then, doctors put these changed T-cells back into the patient's body. (kidshealth.org)
These new findings could help oncologists more precisely tailor treatments to a patient's unique tumor composition. (technologynetworks.com)
To grow, tumors need to avoid the immune system, which happens in two ways: by developing as a cold tumor with a limited number of T cells, or as a hot tumor by exhausting the T cells, effectively protecting tumor cells from destruction by a patient's immune system. (technologynetworks.com)
Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells are produced from the patient's T cells which are extracted from the tumor and grown in a cell culture system with the lymphokine interleukin-2 (IL-2). (msdmanuals.com)
The LAK cells produced are then returned to the patient's bloodstream. (msdmanuals.com)

In a preliminary study it has been shown that phenolic antioxidants such as methyl 4- O -galloylchlorogenate and 4- O -galloylchlorogenic acid derived from Sapota fruits can induce cytotoxicity in colon cancer cells 23 . (nature.com)
It may also help the immune system work better at destroying cancer cells. (kidshealth.org)
Some monoclonal (mah-nuh-KLO-nul) antibodies mark cancer cells so that they will be better seen and then destroyed by the immune system. (kidshealth.org)
These boost the immune system in a general way, helping it attack cancer cells. (kidshealth.org)
Some viruses (called oncolytic viruses) can be changed in a laboratory so they infect and kill cancer cells. (kidshealth.org)
They also can help alert the immune system to fight the cancer cells. (kidshealth.org)
Instead, they work against cancer by increasing the immune system's response to cancer cells in the body. (kidshealth.org)
Furthermore, it is presumed that most of the characteristics inherent in cancer cells are lost. (medsci.org)
In recent years, biologists have begun to investigate whether activating necroptosis in cancer cells could similarly coax the immune system into attacking tumors. (the-scientist.com)
That necroptotic cancer cells produce an immune response was already known-as his lab and others have shown -but the mechanisms involved were largely unexplored, he says. (the-scientist.com)
A team from Penn Medicine's Abramson Cancer Center (ACC) discovered that whether a tumor is hot or cold is determined by information embedded in the cancer cells themselves. (technologynetworks.com)
Stomach cancer begins when cancer cells form in the inner lining of your stomach. (apollohospitals.com)
Animal studies have shown that LAK cells are more effective against cancer cells than are the original endogenous T cells, presumably because of their greater number. (msdmanuals.com)
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) of active transporters comprises a group of proteins that which facilitate efflux of anticancer drugs from cancer cells. (lu.se)

If we just induce cell lysis, we don't see the same effect. (the-scientist.com)

Cell cycle analysis suggested activation of apoptosis, without arresting cell cycle progression. (nature.com)

This process theoretically provides a line of T cells with greater tumor specificity than those obtained from the blood. (msdmanuals.com)
TAAs) with high specificity to tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Responsible for maintaining existing cell lines and generating primary cultures from patient and animal tumors. (latpro.com)
Most breast cancer deaths occur because the cancer has spread, or metastasized, which means that cells in the primary tumor have invaded blood vessels and traveled via the bloodstream to form tumors elsewhere in the body. (medindia.net)

However, changes in expression of miRNA may be secondary to the tumor phenotype. (bvsalud.org)

DNA from non-transformed BALB/c-3T3 cells was used as a control to compare genetic alterations, if any, between non-transformed, transformed and tumor cell populations. (cdc.gov)
Here we describe how microRNA-regulated lentiviral vectors can be used to visualize specific cell populations by exploiting endogenous microRNA expression patterns. (lu.se)
To track differentiating cell populations, reporter cell lines generated by homologous recombination (knock-in) or via BAC transgenes have been widely used in mouse cells (5-8 ). (lu.se)
The two populations were tested for differentiation similarities to iCAF and myCAF states through transcriptome-wide RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) including comparison to an available iCAF-myCAF cell state atlas. (lu.se)

Anatomy26

Organisms11

Diseases64

Chemicals and Drugs58

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment47

Phenomena and Processes57

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Microenvironment11

Immunotherapy19

Antigen12

Suppressor5

Metastasis5

Pancreatic8

Lymphocytes5

Mice26

Tissue22

Malignant brain tumors2

Adenocarcinoma6

Antigens8

Chemotherapy3

Survival14

Vivo5

Tissues9

Immunity10

Brain tumour2

Receptors1

MC382

Glioblastoma7

Regression2

Genes9

Lymph7

Type of tumor1

Macrophages3

Therapy8

Sensitivity7

Renal6

Fibroblast cell line1

Lesions1

Gene7

Necrosis2

Pathways5

Subcutaneous1

Infiltration1

Macrophage2

Therapies7

Patients14

Growth12

Tumours3

Checkpoint inhibitors1

Correlates1

Protein8

Clinical5

Subtypes3

Methods2

Antibody4

Inhibitors1

Targets3

Antitumor2

Proliferation5

Overexpression1

Gastric cancer1

Assays1

Responses3

Human12

Cancers2

Xenografts1

Inhibition2

Metastatic2

Patient's6

Cancer cells14

Induce1

Progression1

Specificity2

Primary2

Phenotype1

Populations4