Specific gene messenger rna localization of specific rnas. Medical search. Frequent questions

Nanos are RNA-binding proteins playing crucial roles in germ cell development and maintenance. (nature.com)
The Nanos proteins family regroups highly conserved RNA-binding proteins in higher eukaryotes implicated in germ cell development and maintenance. (nature.com)
By combining homology and genomic-neighborhood analyses, we reveal substantial novelty and diversity within phage biology, including small phage genes found in multiple host phyla, small genes encoding proteins that play essential roles in host infection, and small genes that share genomic neighborhoods and whose encoded proteins may share related functions. (biomed.news)
Recent studies have shown that hundreds of small proteins were occulted when protein-coding genes were annotated. (biomed.news)
These proteins, called alternative proteins, have failed to be annotated notably due to the short length of their open reading frame (less than 100 codons) or the enforced rule establishing that messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are monocistronic. (biomed.news)
Subcellular localization, protein domains, and short linear motifs were predicted for 235 of the alternative proteins identified and point toward specific functions of these small proteins. (biomed.news)
Several alternative proteins had approximated abundances higher than their canonical counterparts, suggesting that these alternative proteins are actually the main products of their corresponding genes. (biomed.news)
Finally, we observed 14 alternative proteins with developmentally regulated expression patterns and 10 induced upon the heat-shock treatment of embryos, demonstrating stage or stress-specific production of alternative proteins. (biomed.news)
Bortoluzzi S, Alessi FD, Romualdi C, Danieli GA: Differential expression of genes coding for ribosomal proteins in different human tissues. (karger.com)
Rather, it is way that genes are utilized differently in each type of cell that determines which proteins will produce unique structures. (jonlieffmd.com)
Now, it is known that many long and short RNAs that don't make proteins are, also, involved in regulating every aspect of gene function. (jonlieffmd.com)
If less than 2% are so-called "genes" and 40% of the RNA is useful, then the regulatory RNA is 20 times more than those that code for proteins. (jonlieffmd.com)
However, most current approaches used for functional annotation simply focus on the use of protein-level information but ignore inter-relationships among annotations.Here, we established PFresGO, an attention-based deep-learning approach that incorporates hierarchical structures in Gene Ontology (GO) graphs and advances in natural language processing algorithms for the functional annotation of proteins. (giwebb.com)
Nuclear mRNA transcripts acquire a protein coat composed of cap- and RNA-binding proteins that allow nuclear export and dictate the functional program of cytoplasmic mRNAs ( Moore, 2005 ). (rupress.org)
In addition, after transcription, a wide array of RNA-binding proteins interacts with cis -acting elements located mainly in the 3' untranslated region, determining the fate of mRNAs in eukaryotic cells. (frontiersin.org)
Plastid-specific ribosomal proteins (PSRPs) have been proposed to play roles in the light-dependent regulation of chloroplast translation. (cipsm.de)

To investigate how spindle-localized RNAs might influence mitosis, we comprehensively surveyed all messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that bound to microtubules during metaphase in both Xenopus laevis egg extracts and mitotic human cell extracts. (escholarship.org)
Although many MT-mRNAs associate with polyribosomes, we find that active translation is not required for mRNA localization to mitotic microtubules. (escholarship.org)
Our results represent the first genome-wide survey of mRNAs localized to a specific cytoskeletal component and suggest that microtubule localization of specific mRNAs is likely to function in mitotic regulation and mRNA segregation during cell division. (escholarship.org)
They can bind to the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in order to regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally with no sequence specificity but by potential electrostatic interactions with the phosphate backbone of RNA 2 , 3 . (nature.com)
The MZT marks the transfer of control of development from the mother to the zygote as maternal mRNAs are degraded, transcription from the zygotic genome begins, and embryonic development becomes dependent on zygotic gene products ( Tadros and Lipshitz, 2009 ). (elifesciences.org)

Polyadenylation is essential for the stability of the transcript, preventing the mRNA from being the target of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) via RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) in plants ( Luo and Chen, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)

A metabolomic study of brain tissues from aged mice with low expression of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) gene. (neurotree.org)
Differential gene expression in the striatum of mice with very low expression of the vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 gene. (neurotree.org)
RNA localization is of critical importance in many fundamental cell biological and developmental processes by regulating the spatial control of gene expression. (escholarship.org)
The mouse one P-domain ( pS2 ) and two P-domain ( mSP ) genes exhibit distinct patterns of expression. (xenbase.org)
Strong pS2 gene expression was also observed in the normal gastric mucosa and in the regenerative tissues surrounding ulcerous lesions of the gastrointestinal tract . (xenbase.org)
We show that the mouse putative pS2 protein sequence and the physiological pattern of expression of the mouse pS2 gene are well conserved. (xenbase.org)
The mouse pS2 gene is highly expressed in the stomach mucosa cells, whereas no pS2 gene expression could be detected in the mouse mammary gland, even during postnatal development processes dependent on growth factors or hormones. (xenbase.org)
Using in situ hybridization, we show that although coexpressed in the fundus , the antrum and the antrum -pyloric regions of the stomach , the mouse pS2 and mSP genes exhibit distinct and complementary cellular patterns of expression. (xenbase.org)
Previous data has reported similarity between human brain and testis gene expression patterns. (karger.com)
Hence, it means that human testis could also play a crucial role in human speciation if these two tissues exhibit similar gene expression patterns. (karger.com)
Determining the large scale anatomy of gene expression patterns of various human tissues could draw a more convincing conclusion, and better our understanding of the correlation/inter-correlation among different tissues. (karger.com)
Among the 17 tissues, the highest similarity in gene expression patterns was between human brain and testis, based on DDD and clustering analysis. (karger.com)
Present results provide evidence to support the proposal that human testis and brain share the highest similarity of gene expression patterns. (karger.com)
Audic S, Claverie JM: The significance of digital gene expression profiles. (karger.com)
Stem cell gene expression evolves with age. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
Although in principle stem cells can replicate indefinitely, in fact they age as the organism ages, continuing to change their gene expression. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
And the gene expression changes in a way that favors protection against cancer over differentiation capability, e.g. expression of p16ink4a increases. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
A previous post noted that there are thousands of different types of neurons and each has different expression of the gene networks. (jonlieffmd.com)
Like the well-studied epigenetic modifications characterized in DNA and on histone-tails, they have been shown to regulate activity-dependent gene expression and play a vital role in shaping synaptic connections in response to external stimuli. (encyclopedia.pub)
The post-transcriptional modifications of mRNA, which include N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), 5-methylcytidine (m5C), N7-methylguanosine (m7G), and N6,2-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am) add a new layer to regulating mRNA metabolism and gene expression [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Cytoplasmic RNA granules in germ cells (polar and germinal granules), somatic cells (stress granules and processing bodies), and neurons (neuronal granules) have emerged as important players in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. (rupress.org)
Subinhibitory concentrations of tetracycline affect virulence gene expression in a multi-resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. (mcmaster.ca)
The 3' regulatory regions have a great diversity of cis -regulatory elements directly involved in polyadenylation, stability, transport and mRNA translation, essential to achieve the desired levels of gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
Although a small number of 3' regulatory regions have been identified and validated so far, many studies have shown that plant 3' regulatory regions have a higher potential to regulate gene expression in plants compared to widely used 3' regulatory regions, such as NOS and OCS from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and 35S from cauliflower mosaic virus. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we discuss the role of 3' regulatory regions in gene expression, and the superior potential that plant 3' regulatory regions have compared to NOS, OCS and 35S 3' regulatory regions. (frontiersin.org)
DNA methylation and histone modifications play a central role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and cell differentiation. (cipsm.de)

Localization of Parkinson's disease-associated LRRK2 in normal and pathological human brain. (neurotree.org)

Genes contributing to the similarity include ribosomal protein (RP) genes as well as genes involved in transcription, translation and cell division. (karger.com)
ABSTRACT {Promoters are DNA regions that initiate the transcription of specific genes near the transcription start sites. (giwebb.com)
The RNA Technology and Bioinformatics Group within the RNA Bioscience Initiative develops new molecular and bioinformatic methods to analyze RNA sequence, diversity, nascent transcription, structure, and localization. (cuanschutz.edu)

Additionally, the 5′ and 3′ UTRs flanking the coding region regulate mRNA translation, half-life, and subcellular localization [2]. (researchgate.net)
Different classes of RNA granules share some protein components and may use similar mechanisms to regulate mRNA translation/decay. (rupress.org)

It is the most abundant RNA modification, with approximately 25% of mammalian messenger RNAs (mRNA) bearing the mark [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

In addition, RNA modifications have been characterized not only in abundant non-coding RNA, such as transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and small nuclear RNA (snRNAs), but also in messenger RNA (mRNA) [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

For each type of process, specific large protein molecules aid the formation of 3D structures. (jonlieffmd.com)
Epitranscriptomics, also known as RNA modifications, refers to the study of post-transcriptional modifications of RNA molecules. (encyclopedia.pub)

The two successive nanos gene duplications may result from the second and third whole genome duplication events at the basis of Vertebrates and Teleosts respectively. (nature.com)
In teleostean fish, two nanos1 genes were generated, probably during the Teleost specific whole genome duplication (3R). (nature.com)
40,000 small-gene families in ∼2.3 million phage genome contigs. (biomed.news)

Rapid production of full-length cDNAs from rare transcripts: amplification using a single gene-specific oligonucleotide primer. (xenbase.org)
The availability of multiple PAS in the same 3' regulatory region enables the inclusion or exclusion of 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) sequences, resulting in transcripts that may differ in particularities involving post-transcriptional processes such as stability, transport and translation ( Mayr, 2016 ), and even protein localization ( Berkovits and Mayr, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)

Given its diverse roles in mRNA metabolism and gene regulation, altered m6A profiles have been linked to various illnesses, including cancers and psychiatric disorders [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
A complex interaction between the cleavage and polyadenylation molecular complex and cis -elements determine the polyadenylation site, which may result in the choice of non-canonical sites, resulting in alternative polyadenylation events, involved in the regulation of more than 80% of the genes expressed in plants. (frontiersin.org)

To date, only a few predictors are available for identifying general bacterial promoters with limited predictive performance.In this study, we developed TIMER, a Siamese neural network-based approach for identifying both general and species-specific bacterial promoters. (giwebb.com)
Specifically, TIMER uses DNA sequences as the input and employs three Siamese neural networks with the attention layers to train and optimize the models for a total of 13 species-specific and general bacterial promoters. (giwebb.com)

With the rapid development of computational biology and deep sequencing technology, more and more studies have shown that a large number of non-classical open reading frames that have not been annotated and hidden in non-coding RNA can encode functional micropeptide. (biomed.news)
In fact, recent research ( ENCODE) shows that pieces of DNA can be taken from multiple different "genes" to make one protein, making the entire definition of gene suspect. (jonlieffmd.com)

Mutations in this gene are associated with osteosarcoma, suggesting that the encoded protein may also play a role in bone formation. (nih.gov)

At first it was thought that 98% of the DNA-the parts that are not "genes"-was evolutionary "junk" meaning it didn't make useful RNA with its code. (jonlieffmd.com)

We review the relationship between different classes of these granules and discuss how spatial organization regulates messenger RNA translation/decay. (rupress.org)

Identification of phlebovirus and arenavirus RNA sequences that stall and repress the exoribonuclease XRN1. (nih.gov)

Cellular 5'-3' mRNA exonuclease Xrn1 controls double-stranded RNA accumulation and anti-viral responses. (nih.gov)
It is not the inherited code of the genes that determines the different cellular functions. (jonlieffmd.com)

Humans have only 21,000 genes-the same as a worm-and they are identical in all of the different types of cells. (jonlieffmd.com)

In Vertebrates, Nanos paralogous genes were associated to partial redundancies and specific functional evolutions. (nature.com)

Estrogen-responsive element of the human pS2 gene is an imperfectly palindromic sequence. (xenbase.org)

Detection of estradiol-induced messenger RNA (pS2) in uninvolved breast tissue from mastectomies for breast cancer. (xenbase.org)

Nanos family is characterized by two specific Cys-Cys-His-Cys zinc finger motifs at the carboxy-terminal region which present a regular spacing between the Cys and the His residues. (nature.com)

Based on phylogenetic and synteny analyses, this study reveals that nanos1 gene has undergone multiple duplications and gene copies losses in Vertebrates. (nature.com)
A previous post described the way cells edit the DNA to make multiple different messenger RNAs out of the same code fragment. (jonlieffmd.com)
Eukaryotes have a mechanism termed alternative polyadenylation (APA), which allows the selective use of PAS in genes containing multiple PAS. (frontiersin.org)
Through APA, a single gene containing multiple PAS can generate a considerable number of transcript isoforms, thereby producing a highly diversified transcriptome ( Tian and Manley, 2013 ). (frontiersin.org)

The shape of the chromosome is correlated with the activity of the genes inside, however the exact cause and effect relationship is still being studied. (jonlieffmd.com)

All of these variations alter the triggering of genetic networks in different ways for different cells and specific responses. (jonlieffmd.com)

We find that small genes in phage genomes are approximately 3-fold more prevalent than in host prokaryotic genomes. (biomed.news)
Our approach enriches for small genes that are translated in microbiomes, suggesting the small genes identified are coding. (biomed.news)
Now, all kinds of small and large RNAs have been identified that silence or trigger sections of DNA and regulate all kinds of aspects of genetic function. (jonlieffmd.com)

Neuronal connections are made with exquisite accuracy between specific types of neurons. (stanford.edu)

Extensive 10-fold cross-validation and independent tests demonstrated that TIMER achieves a competitive performance and outperforms several existing methods on both general and species-specific promoter prediction. (giwebb.com)
Cutting-edge RNA technologies and computational methods fuel new discoveries, advancing the field of RNA biology across disciplines. (cuanschutz.edu)

This post will describe recent discoveries of dynamic three-dimensional structures in the cell's nucleus that along with unique localization and packaging of the DNA are vital for every aspect of gene function. (jonlieffmd.com)

Important recent specific progress was brought to my attention by Dr. Victoria Lunyak , a lab director at the Buck Institute who presented on her recent work at the Cell signaling, inflammation and aging symposium in Las Vegas last week, where I was also a presenter. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
In fact, a large percentage of the DNA makes important RNAs, although the exact amount is not clear. (jonlieffmd.com)

Increasingly, these "epigenetic" mechanisms (that is, mechanisms outside of the simple procedure of assigning an amino acid directly from a code in a gene) are being found to be vastly more complex than ever imagined. (jonlieffmd.com)
The interacting complex contains the RNA binding motif protein 15/15B (RBM15/15B), vir-like m6A methyltransferase associated (VIRMA), zinc finger CCCH-type containing 13 (ZC3H13), and HAKAI which support the functioning and positioning of a writer complex. (encyclopedia.pub)
RBM15/15B mediate the binding of a writer complex to the U enriched region on mRNA and recruit writer complexes to specific sites [ 9 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

These Unigenes represent a wide range of genes classified according to their characterization and function. (karger.com)

A larger relationship exists for specific places in the nucleus to impact on particular active DNA sites. (jonlieffmd.com)

We have previously shown that the human pS2 gene, which codes for a secreted peptide of 60 amino acids, is expressed in a number of human carcinomas, including carcinomas of the breast, the pancreas , and the large bowel. (xenbase.org)

Anatomy26

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Phenomena and Processes84

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Proteins16

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