• An increase in circulating leukocyte subsets such as CD8⁺ T cells and CD56loCD16⁺ natural killer cells suggests that PBC may induce a transient mobilisation of lymphocytes. (researchgate.net)
  • The immune system in NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγnull (NSG) mice was reconstituted by the co-administration of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) or subsets (CD4+ or CD8+) and autologous human dendritic cells (DC), and animals simultaneously challenged by implanting human prostate cancer cells (PC3 line). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Depletion of either of the other two T-cell subsets that expressed the BoCD8 antigen or the BoWC1 antigen present on the gamma/delta T-cells had no demonstrable effect. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The expression of immune-related genes, spleen lymphocyte subsets and liver RNA-seq were employed to reveal possible molecular mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
  • CD4+ T-cells and other lymphocyte subsets in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (cdc.gov)
  • The guidelines describe single-platform technology (SPT), a process in which absolute counts of lymphocyte subsets are measured from a single tube by a single instrument. (cdc.gov)
  • With CD45 gating, the relative numbers of beads and lymphocyte subsets are enumerated, and their absolute numbers and percentage values are calculated. (cdc.gov)
  • The models suggest that an efficient cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) memory response is required to control the virus. (nih.gov)
  • Despite adaptive immune cell infiltration in claudin-low tumors, treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitory antibodies against cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) were ineffective in controlling tumor growth. (jci.org)
  • This produced a transient, specific depletion of each cell type in the circulation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • DTX-mediated Treg depletion is transient, dose-dependent, and leads to strong anti-tumor immunity and complete tumor regression at high doses, while enhancing the efficacy of tumor-specific vaccination at low doses. (nih.gov)
  • Increasing inflationary T-cell responses following transient depletion of MCMV-specific memory T cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here we report that effector/memory CD8(+) T cells induced by MCMV can be paradoxically boosted following transient depletion of epitope specific CD8(+) T cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Immunity to bovine virus diarrhoea virus in calves: the role of different T-cell subpopulations analysed by specific depletion in vivo with monoclonal antibodies. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Afterwards, many responding cells going through a conherent cycle to produce specific immunity. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • Single cell transcription signatures were used to deconvolute the bulk RNA-Seq data into cell-specific signals.ResultsInitial exposure to P. vivax induced activation of innate immunity, including efficient antigen presentation and complement activation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, the specific contribution of Trm cells to anti-tumor immunity is incompletely understood. (lifeboat.com)
  • Regulatory T cells (Treg) play an important role in suppressing anti- immunity and their depletion has been linked to improved outcomes. (nih.gov)
  • BALB/c.FoxP3.dtr mice are an ideal model to investigate the full therapeutic potential of Treg depletion to boost anti-tumor immunity. (nih.gov)
  • Infection and depletion of CD4(+) T helper cells interfere with CTL memory generation, resulting in persistent viral replication and disease progression. (nih.gov)
  • As a proof of concept, peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and dendritic cells (DC) were obtained from healthy donors and used to reconstitute NSG animals, followed by implantation with cells from the human prostate cancer cell line, PC3. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, this effect was accompanied by strong immunosuppression mediated by dendritic cells via the induction of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1(IDO1) and Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 (LAG3). (ox.ac.uk)
  • CD20 is expressed on mature and most malignant B cells, in a subpopulation of T lymphocytes and follicular dendritic cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • Such tumor-specific T RM cells are recognized as both necessary and sufficient for long-lived protection against tumors in peripheral tissue locations. (frontiersin.org)
  • CD4+FoxP3+ Tregs represented a large proportion of the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in claudin-low tumors, and Tregs isolated from tumor-bearing mice were able to suppress effector T cell responses. (jci.org)
  • The complex interactions that occur between human tumors, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and the systemic immune system are likely to define critical factors in the host response to cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, we observe that tumors which relapse after treatment display a significant increase in the numbers of PDL1 capable cells present suggesting that specific editing of mixed tumors might play a role in disease relapse. (bmj.com)
  • Treg depletion correlated with delayed tumor growth, increased effector T cell (Teff) activation, and enhanced survival in a range of solid tumors. (nih.gov)
  • Affected pigs have lesions in lymphoid organs characterized by lymphoid depletion and the presence of giant cells and inclusion bodies [ 4 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The human lymphoid aggregate culture (HLAC) from tonsil maintains the cell populations and cytokine milieu found in vivo , supports a productive infection without exogenous stimulation, and Nef contributes to efficient HIV-1 replication as well as CD4 + T cell depletion in this experimental ex vivo -model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our findings suggest that Nef facilitates depletion of CD4 + T lymphocytes in HIV-1-infected lymphoid tissue ex vivo by increasing the pool of productively infected cells and by sensitizing bystander cells for killing. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the majority of lymphocytes are harbored in lymphoid tissues throughout the body. (ucsf.edu)
  • Mucosal lymphoid tissues serve as a portal of entry for HIV and as a site of active viral replication and CD4+ T-cell depletion. (ucsf.edu)
  • Lymphocytes, in particular, undergo massive and infection, potentially improving outcomes for patients in a apparently unregulated apoptosis in human patients and variety of disease states. (cdc.gov)
  • Ebola virus glycoprotein directly triggers T lymphocyte death despite of the lack of infection. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • HIV infection is characterized by a decrease and, eventually, a depletion of CD4+ T-lymphocytes (helper T cells). (cdc.gov)
  • Murine CMV (MCMV) infection induces effector CD8(+) T cells that continue to increase in frequency after acute infection ("inflation") and are stably maintained at a high frequency, with up to 20% of the CD8(+) T-cell compartment being specific for one epitope, although the flexibility and turnover of these populations is not fully defined. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Examination of bursa and spleen tissue also revealed a subacute bursitis and splenic lymphocyte depletion suggestive of a primary infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) challenge most likely predisposing to secondary infections. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • Hepatocyte-specific Mettl3 knockin exacerbated NAFLD-HCC formation, while Mettl3 knockout exerted the opposite effect in mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • Tumor bearing BALB/c FoxP3.dtr transgenic mice were subjected to different treatment protocols, with or without Treg depletion and tumor growth and survival monitored. (nih.gov)
  • Treatment of MCMV-infected mice with MHC-Class I-saporin tetramers led to partial (80-90%) depletion of epitope-specific CD8(+) T cells-rapidly followed by a rebound, leading to expansion and maintenance of up to 40% of total CD8(+) T cells, with minimal changes in response to a control epitope (M45). (ox.ac.uk)
  • This cell isolation kit targets non-B cells for removal based on specific surface antigens. (stemcell.com)
  • Gnotobiotic calves were injected intravenously with murine monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed against the BoCD4, BoCD8 or BoWC1 antigens that define the three major T-lymphocyte subpopulations in cattle. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The position of bands on the nitrocellulose strips allows this antibody reactivity to be associated with specific viral antigens. (cdc.gov)
  • or actively by prior immunization of the recipient with graft antigens which evoke specific antibodies and form antigen-antibody complexes which bind to the antigen receptor sites of the T-cells and block their cytotoxic activity. (lookformedical.com)
  • Here, we demonstrated that intradermal administration of clinically relevant vaccines efficiently induces Trm cells specific for tumor-specific and self-antigens that accumulate in vaccinated and non-vaccinated skin. (lifeboat.com)
  • Here we demonstrated that a single intradermal administration of gene- or protein-based vaccines efficiently induces specific Trm cell responses against models of tumor-specific and self-antigens, which accumulated in vaccinated and distant non-vaccinated skin. (lifeboat.com)
  • Immunotherapy is emerging as a new form to treat cancer by harnessing the activity of cytotoxic CD8 + T lymphocytes (CTLs) that specifically recognize tumor-associated antigens. (lifeboat.com)
  • Vaccination strategies eliciting CTL responses specific for tumor-specific and self-antigens have shown promising results in recent clinical trials. (lifeboat.com)
  • To attain TGF-beta and CD137 binding by the constructions, we used bispecific tandem scFv antibodies (taFvs) derived from the specific 1D11 and 1D8 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), respectively. (unav.edu)
  • CD20 serves as a useful target for antibody-mediated therapeutic depletion of B cells, as it is expressed at high levels on most B-cell malignancies, but does not become internalized or shed from the plasma membrane following monoclonal antibody treatment. (thermofisher.com)
  • We use a combination of approaches including flow cytometry, cellular immunology, and molecular biology, to study the trafficking patterns and effector functions of antigen-specific T cells. (ucsf.edu)
  • Characterized by cell-surface molecules including CD103, CD69, and CD49a, T RM -like tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be found in a wide range of human cancers, where they portend improved prognosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • As the field of cancer immunotherapy advances rapidly, it is now crucial to understand how the dissemination and maintenance of tumor-specific T cells can be optimally achieved. (frontiersin.org)
  • Combining tumor-specific adoptive T cell therapy to the aCTLA-4/aPD1/rIL2 or aCTLA-4/aPD1/aCD137 reg-imens enhances efficacy in a synergistic manner. (unav.edu)
  • Transfusion of autologous tumor-specific CTLs 1-4 and blockade of T cell inhibitory receptors 5-7 have demonstrated to elicit durable clinical benefit in a significant proportion of patients with melanoma, leukemia, lymphoma and other cancers, who failed to respond to conventional treatments. (lifeboat.com)
  • Extensive lymphocyte severe infections is a massive loss of lymphocytes, den- apoptosis has also occurred in humans and animals infect- dritic cells, gastrointestial epithelial cells, and other cell ed with several exotic agents, including Bacillus anthracis , types through apoptosis, or programmed cell death. (cdc.gov)
  • Prevention of lymphocyte apoptosis, same process by which these cell populations are regulat- through either genetic modification of the host or treatment ed during normal health ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Plasmodium vivax -infected individuals present low number of leukocytes and lymphocytes with a higher percentage of CD4 + T cells in early and/or late apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The T lymphocytes apoptosis could reflect a strategy of immune evasion triggered by the parasite, enabling their persistence but also limiting the occurrence of immunopathology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Clone-specific: Cytotoxicity). (bdbiosciences.com)
  • In vitro , CD3 + CD8 + CD27 - CD28 - compared to CD3 + CD8 + CD27 + CD28 + CART cells displayed similar CD19 + target cell-specific cytotoxicity, but were hypoproliferative and produced less cytotoxic cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α). (frontiersin.org)
  • This study provides evidence that the recruitment of Tregs to the tumor microenvironment inhibits an effective antitumor immune response and highlights early Treg recruitment as a possible mechanism for the lack of response to immune checkpoint blockade antibodies in specific subtypes of cancer that are heavily infiltrated with adaptive immune cells. (jci.org)
  • Severe morbidity following Treg depletion was only observed, when consecutive doses of DTX were given during peak CD8 T cell activation, demonstrating that Treg can be depleted on multiple occasions, but only when CD8 T cell activation has returned to base line levels. (nih.gov)
  • Finally, we show that even minimal Treg depletion is sufficient to significantly improve the efficacy of tumor-peptide vaccination. (nih.gov)
  • These findings suggest that inter- the apoptotic destruction of lymphocytes and dendritic ventions aimed at reducing the extent of immune cell apop- tosis could improve outcomes for a variety of severe cells could have a particularly adverse effect on disease human infections, including those caused by emerging outcome. (cdc.gov)
  • B-lymphocyte-specific membrane protein that plays a role in the regulation of cellular calcium influx necessary for the development, differentiation, and activation of B-lymphocytes. (cusabio.com)
  • The development of skin sensitization is associated with, and requires, the activation and clonal expansion of allergen responsive T lymphocytes and it is these cells that orchestrate the cutaneous allergic reaction. (cdc.gov)
  • Here, we rationally design small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that offer sequence-specific gene silencing of JAK1, narrowing the spectrum of action on JAK-dependent. (umassmed.edu)
  • 2. T-cells are incorporated with the gene encoding specific antigen receptors. (emdocs.net)
  • Four hypotheses have been generated to help explain this relationship in MS. 4 The first states that autoreactive lymphocytes cause inflammation in the CNS, which directly precipitate demyelination and axonal degeneration. (psychiatrist.com)
  • The second hypothesis states that some neurodegenerative process occurs prior to the inflammation, exposing the CNS to further degeneration as autoreactive lymphocytes attack vulnerable axons. (psychiatrist.com)
  • The main structure of the histological grouping is that Morphology codes specific types of malignant neoplasms are listed as wel as Grouping of morphological codes presents several difficulties. (who.int)
  • Despite our expanding knowledge on the molecular details of the multi-faceted interactions of HIV with its host, the basic question of which viral factors and cell death mechanisms contribute to the loss of CD4 + T lymphocytes in HIV infected patients has not been entirely solved. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we demonstrated that the respiratory tract of guinea pigs possesses specific viral receptors for ICV. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our comparative analysis revealed that huICV and swIDV replicated differentially in the guinea pigs suggesting that the type-specific genetic differences can result in the disparity of the viral shedding and tissue tropism. (bvsalud.org)
  • Safe allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for renal cell carcinoma: Novel approach using selective depletion of alloreactive donor T cells. (muni.cz)
  • Enumeration of CD4+ lymphocytes in HIV-positive participants and age-matched controls was performed on cryopreserved whole blood using the method reported by Fiebig et. (cdc.gov)
  • The clinical manifestation of AIDS results from continuous replication of HIV in infected individuals that causes slow but steady decline of CD4 + T lymphocytes to levels that no longer control opportunistic infections [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the early 2000's, large and persistent populations of antigen (Ag)-specific CD8 T cells in peripheral tissues were initially classified as T EM cells in recirculation from the blood ( 8 , 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Additionally, P. vivax induced depletion of neutrophil populations associated with down regulation of 3G-protein coupled receptors, CRXCR1, CXCR2 and CSF3R. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Opinions are embraced and defended, but transfusion of red blood cells has not reliably demonstrated increased survival, other than in 2 specific populations, as follows: (1) those with active hemorrhage, and (2) those with active cardiac ischemia. (medscape.com)
  • Chimeric antigen receptor T (CART) cell therapy targeting the B cell specific differentiation antigen CD19 has shown clinical efficacy in a subset of relapsed/refractory (r/r) diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, the mechanisms leading to T-cell depletion remain largely unknown. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • We speculate that the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to affect T-lymphocyte and myeloid cell physiology coupled with age-related maladaptive biological phenomena explain the strong association between advanced age and increased risk of COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality. (ersjournals.com)
  • In contrast, increased CD4 + T lymphocyte depletion depended on only two protein interaction surfaces in Nef that mediate either downregulation of cell surface CD4 or interaction with the NAKC signalosome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Consistently, in HLAC from 9 out of 14 donors, Nef enhanced CD4 + T cell depletion in the absence of a significant effect on virus replication. (biomedcentral.com)
  • T cell memory is antigen-specific, and can provide durable host-wide protection. (frontiersin.org)
  • As shown by multiplex tissue immunofluorescence and intravital microscopy, combined immunotherapy treatments enhance T cell infiltration and the intratumoral performance of T lymphocytes. (unav.edu)
  • The Cambridge Biotech HIV-1 Western Blot Kit is manufactured by Calypte Corporation from HIV-I propagated in an H9/HTLV-IIIb T-lymphocyte cell line. (cdc.gov)
  • As stated above, the fine tuning of the allogeneic immune response by T-cell depletion or pharmacological means represents the second important pillar in the development of optimized transplantation protocols. (haematologica.org)
  • In contrast, no hepatocyte swelling or lymphocyte infiltration, and fewer white blood cells, was observed in water buffalo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results found that PBC stimulated a greater change in numbers of CD16 + NK cells and CD8 + T cells in comparison to CWI, suggesting a larger catecholamine response after PBC could result in a morepronounced mobilisation of lymphocytes than CWI. (researchgate.net)
  • A developmental switch in thymic lymphocyte maturation potential occurs at the level of hematopoietic stem cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • MS is driven by inflammatory processes in the CNS that involve autoreactive lymphocytes (T- and B-cells), depletion of oligodendrocytes (that normally produce the myelin sheath that allow for saltatory conduction throughout axons), and, ultimately, the degradation of axons in the CNS. (psychiatrist.com)
  • A diffuse subtype of classic Hodgkin lymphoma which is rich in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells and/or depleted in non-neoplastic lymphocytes. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, our results suggest that this Nef-dependent enhancement in depletion occurred predominately in uninfected bystander CD4 + T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent studies in mouse tumor models have shown that T RM cells are induced by cancer vaccines delivered in peripheral tissue sites, or by the depletion of regulatory T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • While innate immune cells are important for early tumor immune surveillance, T cells are fundamentally recognized for their crucial role in the antigen-specific recognition and elimination of malignantly transformed cells ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • It is also expressed on endothelial cells, epithelial cells, bone marrow stroma cells, and osteoclasts, as well as a small proportion of LGL lymphocytes. (healthweblognews.info)
  • The depletion cocktail in this kit does not contain antibodies against CD43, which can be expressed on malignant cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) samples. (stemcell.com)
  • Depletion of the cells expressing the BoCD4 antigen resulted in an extension of the duration of viraemia and an increase in the titre of virus in blood. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The first, inducible expression, presents as a spatially separated PDL1 − core surrounded by PDL1 + cells and results from upregulation of PDL1 by IFNγ expressed from tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) [ 17 , 18 ]. (bmj.com)
  • Using immunophenotyping, HIV-positive blood samples and age-matched controls were tested for the proportion of lymphocytes that are T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, CD4+ T cells (helper T cells), and CD8+ T cells (suppressor/inducer T cells). (cdc.gov)
  • We have established methods to detect antigen-specific T cells in mucosal tissues using clinical samples obtained by minimally invasive methods. (ucsf.edu)
  • Specifically, the use of antihuman T lymphocyte globulin (ATG), a polyvalent preparation generated in rabbits against Jurkat T cells, was introduced several decades ago. (haematologica.org)
  • 5. The patient undergoes chemotherapy for lymphocyte depletion, and then the engineered T-cells are finally administered to the original patient. (emdocs.net)
  • Vaccination-induced Trm cells were largely resistant to in vivo intravascular staining and antibody-dependent depletion. (lifeboat.com)
  • Tumor regression was dependent on Teffs as depletion of both CD4 and CD8 T cells completely abrogated any survival benefit. (nih.gov)
  • By impairing the develop- with specific inhibitors, markedly improves survival in ment of adaptive immune responses needed for recovery, murine sepsis models. (cdc.gov)
  • OVA exposure causes significant depletion of intracellular GSH in lymphocytes, which may play a key role in OVA-mediated immune responses. (cdc.gov)
  • A crucial tool for researchers, this B-lymphocyte antigen CD20, also referenced as Ly-44 or Ms4a2, is recombinantly produced in yeast and provides a valuable resource for elucidating the complexities of immune responses. (cusabio.com)
  • 7. Younan P, Iampietro M, Bukreyev A. Disabling of lymphocyte immune response by Ebola virus. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are a universal feature of human cancers and may hold an important key to unlocking effective cancer immunotherapy [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Reduction in the number of circulating blood lymphocytes (lymphocytopaenia) has been reported during clinical episodes of malaria and is normalized after treatment with anti-malaria drugs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hypothermic stress as a result of exposure to cold environments and cold water has been shown to increase circulating catecholamine concentration and subsequently influence lymphocyte mobilisation (Jansky et al. (researchgate.net)
  • In combined DEP-OVA exposure, the level of GSH in lymphocytes was further decreased, indicating a possible interactive effect between DEP and OVA exposures. (cdc.gov)
  • Such generic therapies could supple- markedly increased destruction during some severe infec- ment agent-specific treatment by increasing resistance to tions. (cdc.gov)
  • We also explore the potential aetiologies of the lymphopenia associated with severe COVID-19: the virus' expanded tropism, elevated serum cytokines (particularly interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α), and excessive lymphocyte recruitment to the lungs. (ersjournals.com)
  • Single-platform technology (SPT) is designed to enable de- system and managing the health care of persons infected with terminations of both absolute and percentage lymphocyte sub- human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ( 1-4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Typical symptoms of relapses may be referable to demyelinating pathology involving the optic nerves (e.g. optic neuritis), brainstem (e.g. internuclear ophthalmoplegia) or spinal cord (e.g. partial myelitis), although non-specific symptoms referable to the cerebral hemispheres or other brain regions can also occur (Katz Sand and Lublin, 2013). (medscape.com)
  • In spite of widespread use, data supporting specific practice paradigms for whole blood and component therapy transfusion are lacking, the notable exception being in the primary treatment of hemorrhagic shock. (medscape.com)