• Owing to their highly plastic plant architecture and morphological similarities across the genus, barnyard grass species are very difficult to delimit on the basis of morphological criteria. (nature.com)
  • Drosera paleacea , a pygmy Drosera with the lowest number of chromosomes in the genus. (carnivorousplants.org)
  • id: 1039 AKEF, M.S.A. (1998): Comparison of acclamatory patterns of two species of the genus Bufo in Egypt (Amphibia, Bufonidae). (amphibiaweb.org)
  • This recently described monotypic genus is based on a cold-water species widely known as Rhodochorton penicilliforme (Kjellman) Rosenvinge. (algaebase.org)
  • Stingless bees of the genus Melipona are subdivided into 4 subgenera called Eomelipona , Melikerria , Melipona sensu stricto, and Michmelia according to species morphology. (karger.com)
  • Cytogenetically, the species of the genus Melipona show variation in the amount and distribution of heterochromatin along their chromosomes and can be separated into 2 groups: the first with low content of heterochromatin and the second with high content of heterochromatin. (karger.com)
  • To better understand the karyotype organization in Melipona and the relationship among the subgenera, we mapped repetitive sequences and analyzed previously reported cytogenetic data with the aim to identify cytogenetic markers to be used for investigating the phylogenetic relationships and chromosome evolution in the genus. (karger.com)
  • Kalmia latifolia is the best known species in the genus. (ashs.org)
  • In the first sense of the term, a hybrid is the result of interbreeding between two animals or plants of different taxa , whether between individuals belonging to different species within the same genus (interspecific hybrids or crosses), different subspecies within the same species (intraspecific hybrids), or different genera (intergeneric hybrids). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Interspecific hybrids result from a cross between two species, normally from within the same genus . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The genus Trichomycterus has about 120 species, distributed in Central and South America from Costa Rica to north Argentina, in both sides of Andes (Wosiacki & Garavello, 2004). (scielo.br)
  • Polyploidy has played an obvious role in at least five of the six sections within the genus Festuca , accounting for approximately 74% of all Festuca species. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Detailed cytological studies were carried out on three species of the genus Vernonianamely Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf and non-bitter leaf), Vernonia cinerea andVernonia conferta to ascertain their chromosome number. (academicjournals.org)
  • Somatic chromosomes of two species in the genus Euhadra were observed using the air-drying methods supplying abundance of mitotic cells. (go.jp)
  • Traditionally, Agropyron has been the largest genus in the Triticeae tribe containing more than 100 species worldwide (Sakamoto, 1964). (scialert.net)
  • into three genera- Agropyron , Roegneria and Elytrigia -with each genus containing a relatively homogeneous group of species. (scialert.net)
  • This genus consists of 10 to 13 species and same number of subspecies. (scialert.net)
  • The largest chromosome in this species is a pair of metacentric chromosomes and the present study is the first report on the karyology of this particular species which will pave the way for the future studies on this line of karyology for this genus. (trjfas.org)
  • Thus, this study is of importance in the analysis of karyotypic evolutionary trends, classification and taxonomy of the genus Mystus and better understanding of the karyotype diversity and chromosome evolution processes. (trjfas.org)
  • Malik and Thomas (1966) provided one of the more comprehensive karyotype studies, in which they examined seven Lolium species and 17 species and subspecies of Festuca . (oregonstate.edu)
  • We argue that the observed process of chromosome sorting would, if continued, result in a new homozygous chromosomal race, i.e., in a new karyotype with intermediate chromosome number and, possibly, in a new incipient homoploid hybrid species. (frontiersin.org)
  • The karyotype consisted of 12 Metacentric (m), 22 Submetacentric (Sm), 8 Subtelocentric (St) and 14 Telocentric (t) chromosomes. (trjfas.org)
  • Chromosome number, formula and karyotype of Mystus ngasep differentiate it from other closely related species. (trjfas.org)
  • This whole package of DNA (genome) and protein (epigenome) in a chromosome is what controls the development and maintenance of eukaryotic organisms (protists, fungi, animals, and plants). (carnivorousplants.org)
  • The more similar the chromosomes (the genome and epigenome as well as chromosome number) the more likely hybrids will form and reproduce but also the more likely the net result will only be the introgression of genetic material from one species to the other. (carnivorousplants.org)
  • They have pinpointed a previously hidden 'whole genome duplication' (WGD) in the common ancestor of these species, which seemingly opened the door to genetic variations that may have conferred an advantage around the time of a major mass extinction some 200 million years ago. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Whole genome duplication is exactly as it sounds -- it's a fascinating evolutionary event where an entire genome is copied and pasted so that a species suddenly has twice the genetic material as it did before. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Whereas most species, like us, are 'diploid' -- having pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent -- after whole genome duplication everything is in four copies. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Eventually, a species genome will revert to the typical pairs through a process called rediploidisation. (sciencedaily.com)
  • As a result, the ancient original whole genome duplication that happened before the species had separated had been missed until now. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The comparative genome-wide analysis and mode of evolution of KCS and ELO gene families have not been investigated in tetraploid Brassica carinata and its diploid progenitors. (nature.com)
  • The B. carinata (Ethiopian mustard, BBCC, 2n = 4X = 34) is an important species that contains 17 sets of chromosomes with a genome size of 1.087 Gb. (nature.com)
  • While the ultimate goal for genome sequencing is to link specific genes to the traits they control, the pumpkin sequencing results also revealed an interesting evolutionary history for Cucurbita species. (cornell.edu)
  • Although the pumpkin is considered a diploid today, meaning that it has only two copies of each chromosome, the genome sequence analysis revealed that between 3 million to 20 million years ago, two different ancestral species combined their genomes to create an allotetraploid - a new species with four (tetra-) copies of each chromosome, from two different (allo-) species. (cornell.edu)
  • Typically after an allotetraploid is formed, the genome will experience downsizing and gene loss, eventually transforming the new species back into a diploid. (cornell.edu)
  • While there are fewer eggs per brood in X. tropicalis than in X. laevis , the former may be better suited for certain genetic studies due to its simpler, diploid genome. (xenbase.org)
  • This method is applicable for analysis of the haploid male chromosome complement in sea urchin species for which only sperm can be obtained. (bioone.org)
  • If the egg is not fertilized, the haploid egg containing a single set of chromosomes will develop into a male. (sare.org)
  • This means the males are haploid, and the females are diploid-a condition called haplodiploidy (see sidebar). (sare.org)
  • The sameness cancels out the diploid state at that particular genetic location, or sex-determining locus , and the genetic instructions are only translated as if they came from a single, haploid chromosome. (sare.org)
  • Comparison of karyotypes revealed that individuals of A. tesselata and those assigned by their discoverers to A. neomexicana from Conchas Lake and Fort Sumner have identical diploid karyotypes (2n = 46) that include diagnostic haploid complements of chromosomes derived from independent hybridizations between species in the tigris and sexlineata species groups. (amnh.org)
  • The hybrid (American Museum of Natural History R-151739) was a triploid (3n = 69) including the complete diploid complement of A. neomexicana (= A. tigris marmorata x A. inornata) plus a second haploid complement of sexlineata group chromosomes. (amnh.org)
  • Human diploid cells, by comparison, have two copies of 23 chromosomes (46 chromosomes total) and human haploid gametes (egg and sperm) have only one copy of 23 chromosomes. (futurity.org)
  • They share the common trait of having a life cycle in which the dominant generation is haploid, with a single set of chromosomes in each cell, whereas the diploid generation, with two sets of chromosomes in each cell, is short-lived. (lu.se)
  • 1973) suggest that it may include diploid and tetraploid cytotypes. (efloras.org)
  • The gray treefrog is a tetraploid species, with twice the number of chromosomes as the diploid Cope's gray treefrog. (wildlifedepartment.com)
  • both diploid, with 2 n = 2 x = 14), F. ovina L. (tetraploid, with 2 n = 4 x = 28), Festuca polesica Zapal. (oregonstate.edu)
  • The taxa studied showed diploid number of chromosome for V. cinerea (2n = 18) and V. conferta (2n = 20) and tetraploid number for V. (academicjournals.org)
  • Karyological study of four Agropyron species ( A. desertorum , A. cristatum , A. pectinoforum and A. imbricatum ) showed that these species were tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28) with the base number, x = 7. (scialert.net)
  • Supernumerary chromosomes have been reported in tetraploid Iranian materials (2n = 29, 35 and 36). (scialert.net)
  • While humans are diploid species, meaning each cell contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, the cultivated strawberry is an octoploid. (ucdavis.edu)
  • Each cell in a strawberry plant contains eight complete sets of chromosomes, so untangling its evolution is a feat. (ucdavis.edu)
  • KATY GREENWALD: We find them with anywhere from two to five complete sets of chromosomes. (sciencefriday.com)
  • It is not a defining feature because taxonomic species are defined by characters that can be observed in dried herbarium specimens. (carnivorousplants.org)
  • We describe a new species of Cyrtodactylus on the basis of four specimens collected from the limestone karst forest of Phu Yen District, Son La Province, Vietnam. (researchgate.net)
  • Based on morphological identification by other workers of specimens collected in 1978, A. neomexicana was the species most recently added to the list of whiptail lizards known to occur at Conchas Lake, about 190 km east of its main distribution area in the Rio Grande Valley. (amnh.org)
  • The specimens analyzed electrophoretically also indicated that the Conchas Lake clone of A. neomexicana is identical to the most widely distributed clone of the species in the Rio Grande Valley of New Mexico and that the Fort Sumner clone possessed a distinctive allele. (amnh.org)
  • 10.4194/1303-2712-v13_1_21 Viewed : 3599 - Downloaded : 3800 Karyotypic and cytogenetic characteristics of catfish Mystus ngasep, a new species of bagrid catfish described from the Northeast India, Manipur was studied for the first time by examining 200 metaphase spreads chromosome from the kidney cells of 25 healthy specimens. (trjfas.org)
  • These analyses are fundamental in the design of control specimens present C-heterochromatic blocks in most of campaigns because their results will help determine the their 22 chromosomes, whereas non-Andean specimens have only 4-7 autosomes with C-banding. (cdc.gov)
  • Across all Kobresia taxa, ploidy ranged from diploid up to heptaploid. (ufz.de)
  • Ploidy-level influenced traits have been used to separate the species from related taxa in floras where diploid and hexaploids are being compared. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • In areas where diploids, tetraploids and hexaploids of S. altissima occur sympatrically, then a trait like involucre height does not facilitate separation of taxa of equal ploidy levels. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • The system enables users to locate images of interest by taxa, and to display the document with detailed information on species names, authors, year of the species publication, and karyotypes pictures in different colorations. (altmetric.com)
  • Chromosomes and hybrids. (carnivorousplants.org)
  • The fate of plant hybrids in nature depends very much on the compatibility of the chromosomes of the parents, which parent is the seed parent, and the exact circumstances of the event. (carnivorousplants.org)
  • The more different the chromosomes of the hybrids are the more likely hybridization will result in a speciation event. (carnivorousplants.org)
  • For smooth introgression to occur the parent species need to be closely related enough that the hybrids are fully fertile among themselves and with at least one of the parental species. (carnivorousplants.org)
  • Kalmia latifolia has not crossed readily with any other Kalmia species to date, but a small number of hybrids have been produced. (ashs.org)
  • Mules, hinnies, and other normally sterile interspecific hybrids cannot produce viable gametes because the extra chromosome cannot make a homologous pair at meiosis , meiosis is disrupted, and viable sperm and eggs are not formed. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Hybrids obtained from these crosses were analyzed further for fertility and efficiency of chromosome pairing. (oregonstate.edu)
  • We demonstrate that (i) F1 hybrids are highly heterozygous with nearly all chromosomes participating in the formation of trivalents at the first meiotic division, and (ii) that from F1 to F4 the number of trivalents decreases and the number of bivalents increases. (frontiersin.org)
  • The present plants, which presumably had the somatic chromosome numbers 2n = 32 and 33, were probably a derivative of such a hybrids. (scialert.net)
  • Although hybrids of these two species inherit three chromosomes from each parent, the majority of spores (the yeast equivalent of sperm) that these hybrids produce fail to develop into new yeast cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Univariate and multivariate analyses of scutellation also revealed evidence of the genetic effects of the parental species on the hybrids. (amnh.org)
  • The species exhibited 2n=56 chromosomes (42 metacentrics, 12 submetacentrics and 2 subtelocentrics) and the nucleolus organizing region located near to the centromere on the long arm of the largest metacentric pair. (scielo.br)
  • E. subnimbosa bears 21 pairs of metacentric and 7 pairs of submetacentric elements, while E. dixoni has 19 pairs of metacentric and 9 pairs of submetacentric chromosomes. (go.jp)
  • Five pairs are acrocentric chromosomes and one pair is metacentric . (wikipedia.org)
  • Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only during the metaphase of cell division (where all chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell in their condensed form). (wikipedia.org)
  • During metaphase the X-shaped structure is called a metaphase chromosome, which is highly condensed and thus easiest to distinguish and study. (wikipedia.org)
  • The variable chromosome number in metaphase I may be caused by partial elimination of supernumerary chromosomes in archesporial division or at an early stage of meiotic cycle. (scialert.net)
  • Chromosomes in metaphase cells were seen with Olympus microscope (BH2) and photographs were prepared. (scialert.net)
  • By present estimates, humans have approximately 20,000 25,000 genes and share 98.4% of their DNA with their closest living evolutionary relatives, the two species of chimpanzees. (solarnavigator.net)
  • The X chromosome is larger and carries many genes not on the Y chromosome, which means that recessive diseases associated with X-linked genes, such as hemophilia, affect men more often than women. (solarnavigator.net)
  • thus, hybrid sterility prevents the movement of genes from one species to the other, keeping both species distinct (Keeton 1980). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The ancient Cucurbita allotetraploid lost its duplicated genes randomly from both of the contributing diploids. (cornell.edu)
  • Despite slight differences in the pattern of heterochromatin distribution and the number of cusps in symphysean teeth, the location of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) and 5S rRNA genes (both species-specific features) were similar in both species. (pecescriollos.de)
  • Species often have different mating or courtship patterns or behaviors, the breeding seasons may be distinct, and even if mating does occur, antigenic reactions to the sperm of other species prevent fertilization or embryo development. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Diploids 2n=18 only occur in var. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • Diploid males occur when there is inbreeding in a population,with the result that a chromosome from the mother and one from the father have the exact genetic information in a critical place. (sare.org)
  • Inbreeding and resulting diploid male production might occur when there is severe disturbance in the environment such that only small, local populations of bees remain that must mate among relatives. (sare.org)
  • This species also used to occur near Frankfurt am Main. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • In sympatric speciation, natural selection can occur within populations and result in the formation of new species. (jove.com)
  • Three ploidy levels-diploid (2n = 14) autotetraploid (2n = 28) and autohexaploid (2n = 42)- occur in these species, with tetraploids accounting for about 90% of the natural populations (Dewey, 1969). (scialert.net)
  • Among flowering plants, Bs are more likely to occur in out crossing than in inbred species (Palestis et al . (scialert.net)
  • As it is fairly well established that L. pratense is one progenitor to 4 x F. arundinaceum , as F. scariosa is to L. mairei , they examined the crossablility of these two known progenitors with other Festuca diploids in sections Montanae ( F. donax , F. drymeja Mert. (oregonstate.edu)
  • We were excited to find out that the current two subgenomes in pumpkin largely maintain the chromosome structures of the two progenitors despite sharing the same nucleus for at least 3 million years," said Shan Wu, first author of the paper and a BTI postdoc. (cornell.edu)
  • If you already know about chromosomal evolution or do not care, jump directly to information on Drosera chromosome numbers. (carnivorousplants.org)
  • However, some species, especially plants and animals with holocentric chromosomes, are known to tolerate chromosomal heterozygosity even for multiple rearrangements. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we studied male meiotic chromosome behavior in four hybrid generations (F1-F4) between two chromosomal races of the Wood White butterfly Leptidea sinapis differentiated by at least 24 chromosomal fusions/fissions. (frontiersin.org)
  • For example, in these corn plants, random chromosomal errors during cell division can result in individuals with too many chromosomes known as polyploids. (jove.com)
  • These heterochromatin patterns and the number of chromosomes are characteristics exclusive to Melipona karyotypes that distinguish them from the other genera of the Meliponini. (karger.com)
  • CIPEMAB has a wide range of applications, such as comparing various karyotypes of Brazilian species and identifying manuscripts of interest. (altmetric.com)
  • We developed a method for preparing male chromosomes from sea urchin hybrid andromerogones created with cryopreserved sperm. (bioone.org)
  • The andromerogones for 5 sperm species showed a half of their respective diploid chromosome numbers without chromosome elimination. (bioone.org)
  • When an egg is fertilized by a sperm, two sets of chromosomes combine (one set from the mother, the other from the father) to produce a diploid individual. (sare.org)
  • For some species, after the female mates, she and her supply of stored sperm may enter hibernation, or diapause, for a variable amount of time, often until the next year. (sare.org)
  • Various species of male salamanders leave packets of sperm lying around, and the mole salamander females steal them. (sciencefriday.com)
  • But they're not just cloning themselves, they make use of sperm from other species in their reproductive process. (sciencefriday.com)
  • Mules are infertile because they inherit 32 chromosomes from their horse parent, but only 31 chromosomes from their donkey parent-and so have an odd chromosome that they cannot pair-off when they make sperm or egg cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • We tested whether a combination of chromosome counting, microsatellite analyses and flow cytometric measurements represents a suitable approach for the detection of basic chromosome numbers and ploidy in Kobresia (Cyperaceae). (ufz.de)
  • Basic chromosome numbers and ploidy were inferred from chromosome counts and the maximum number of alleles per locus. (ufz.de)
  • The combination of chromosome counts and microsatellite analyses is an ideal method for the determination of basic chromosome numbers and for inferring ploidy, and flow cytometry is a suitable tool for the identification of deviating cytotypes. (ufz.de)
  • In the second sense of the term, often used in plant and animal breeding, a hybrid results from crosses between populations, breeds, or cultivars within a single species or subspecies. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Semple & Cook (2006 FNA) divided the species into two subspecies. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • In order to better understand the genomic forces driving the evolution of Echinochloa species toward weed and crop characteristics, we assemble genomes of three Echinochloa species (allohexaploid E. crus-galli and E. colona , and allotetraploid E. oryzicola ) and re-sequence 737 accessions of barnyard grasses and millets from 16 rice-producing countries. (nature.com)
  • This group is also known for polyploidy studies due to diploid parents and allotetraploid species 2 . (nature.com)
  • Most organisms on Earth are diploids, which means their DNA contains a single pair of chromosomes . (livescience.com)
  • In the complex cells that make up plants, animals and in other multi-celled organisms, most of the DNA is found in the chromosomes, which are located in the cell nucleus. (ontologyportal.org)
  • This triggered my curiosity already when I was at undergraduate level, because almost all well-studied multicellular organisms (including humans) have a dominant diploid generation. (lu.se)
  • In A. pectinoforum , different meiotic cells within the same anther had chromosome numbers which ranged from 28 to 33 and the present of cells with 33 chromosomes were 72% (Dewey and Asay, 1975). (scialert.net)
  • At least three distinct meiotic drive alleles, one on each S. kambucha chromosome, independently contribute to hybrid infertility by causing nonrandom spore death. (elifesciences.org)
  • Otto Bütschli was the first scientist to recognize the structures now known as chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Polytene chromosomes are structures found in highly specialized tissues in some animal and plant species, which are amplified through successive cycles of endoreduplication, finally producing several copies of each chromosome. (scielo.br)
  • However, even if a hybrid inherits the same number of chromosomes from each parent, if the chromosomes from the two parents have different structures, the hybrid may still be infertile. (elifesciences.org)
  • The cytogeography of Solidago altissima was summarized and mapped in Semple (2022) based on 520 published chromosome counts for members of the species. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • The identity of this species at these locations was confirmed by chromosome counts (2n = 14, diploid). (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • [4] Before this happens, each chromosome is duplicated ( S phase ), and both copies are joined by a centromere , resulting either in an X-shaped structure (pictured above), if the centromere is located equatorially, or a two-arm structure, if the centromere is located distally. (wikipedia.org)
  • In general, Melipona species have 2n = 18 chromosomes, and the species of each subgenus share the same characteristics in relation to heterochromatin regions, DAPI/CMA 3 fluorophores, and the number and distribution of 18S rDNA sites. (karger.com)
  • In other words, the two species cannot be readily distinguished by any obvious body characteristics. (wildlifedepartment.com)
  • Although the component species have certain spike characteristics in common, they differ widely in biologically important aspects such as mode of reproduction, chromosome constitution and ecological adaptation (Dewey, 1983). (scialert.net)
  • Known for its strong fermentative characteristics that, in the presence of oxygen, allow it to convert sugars from the carbohydrate into alcohol, brewer's yeast has gained the ability to competitively dominate other species in high-sugar, low-nutrient environments. (futurity.org)
  • But the researchers found that brewer's yeast has several unique characteristics that allowed it to remain relatively isolated from other species. (futurity.org)
  • Chromosome number is not an effective feature in the definition of biological species either although differences in chromosome number can produce different biological species. (carnivorousplants.org)
  • Two ways they can be distinguished are by differences in their calls and differences in their chromosome number. (wildlifedepartment.com)
  • The greatest effect on offspring fertility was in the cross with F. drymeja , suggesting considerable differences between chromosome sets of these species. (oregonstate.edu)
  • These differences in natural selection combined with genetic drift and mutation over many generations of separation eventually result in the two populations becoming discrete species. (jove.com)
  • 1999) reported that the small differences in DNA content within Agropyron species may be due to the presence or absence of B chromosomes and satellites. (scialert.net)
  • This study was performed to identifying of polyploidy levels, differences of studded species in cytogenetically characters such as present or absence of satellites and B chromosomes in four Agropyron species in Iran using Aghayev method. (scialert.net)
  • The diploid chromosome number observed in both species was 2n = 54 (48M/SM and 6ST) with no differences between the sexes. (pecescriollos.de)
  • What is the basis of differences among species or among individuals within a species? (futurity.org)
  • V. faba has a diploid (2n) chromosome number of 12 (six homologous pairs). (wikipedia.org)
  • Humans , or human beings , are bipedal primates belonging to the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin for 'wise man' or 'knowing man') under the family Hominidae (the great apes). (solarnavigator.net)
  • This, combined with an erect body carriage that frees their upper limbs for manipulating objects, has allowed humans to make greater use of tools than any other species. (solarnavigator.net)
  • humans are the only known species to build fires, cook their food, clothe themselves, and use numerous other technologies . (solarnavigator.net)
  • Like other mammals, humans have an XY sex-determination system, so that females have the sex chromosomes XX and males have XY. (solarnavigator.net)
  • Among the latter rats, one had the XYY sex chromosomes which were suggested to be developed by non-disjunction of the Y element in the meiosis of the translocation male parent. (go.jp)
  • Here we identify causes underlying hybrid infertility of two recently diverged fission yeast species Schizosaccharomyces pombe and S. kambucha , which mate to form viable hybrid diploids that efficiently complete meiosis, but generate few viable gametes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Finally in the studded cells of four species 28-33 chromosomes were exist (the various forms of aneuploid cells). (scialert.net)
  • The low density and small size of these bridges, and aneuploid chromosome number biologically persistent particles makes respiratory were observed. (cdc.gov)
  • With the discovery of the polytenics in tapetum tissue, it was observed that in many other species of various angiosperm families the tapetal cells also display polytene, polyploid or both types of nuclei. (scielo.br)
  • The endomitotic cycle (endomitosis) starts with a normal prophase (endoprophase), after which the chromosome contracts further (endometaphase), their sister chromatids separate from each other (endoanaphase) and decondense to assume the interphase nuclear structure, resulting in polyploid cells, with double the chromosome number (endopolyploidy) at the end of each cycle. (scielo.br)
  • In his famous textbook The Cell in Development and Heredity , Wilson linked together the independent work of Boveri and Sutton (both around 1902) by naming the chromosome theory of inheritance the Boveri-Sutton chromosome theory (the names are sometimes reversed). (wikipedia.org)
  • It was not until the early 20 th century that it was demonstrated that chromosomes contain the material of hereditary and it took until the middle 20 th century to determine that DNA in chromosomes was the principle coding molecule of heredity. (carnivorousplants.org)
  • The development of new species from hybridization is known from plants, through the development of polyploidy . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Is hybridization between species important for evolutionary processes in bryophytes? (lu.se)
  • In biology , a hybrid is the offspring of individuals of different taxonomic groups or, in another sense, an offspring of crosses between populations, breeds, or cultivars within a single species . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • the wild species has pods that are 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 in) long and 1 cm diameter, but many modern cultivars developed for food use have pods 15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 in) long and 2-3 cm thick. (wikipedia.org)
  • In much of the English-speaking world , the name "broad bean" is used for the large-seeded cultivars grown for human food, while "horse bean" and "field bean" refer to cultivars with smaller, harder seeds that are more like the wild species and used for animal feed , [ citation needed ] though their stronger flavour is preferred in some human food recipes, such as falafel . (wikipedia.org)
  • In plants, polytene chromosomes have been observed in only a few species, and seemed to be restricted to ovary and immature seed tissues, e.g., in Phaseolus coccineus and P. vulgaris (Nagl, 1981), until relatively recently, when they were observed in the cells of the anther tapetum of Vigna unguiculata (Guerra and Carvalheira, 1994) and of some Phaseolus species (Carvalheira and Guerra, 1994). (scielo.br)
  • Such cycles have been observed in the anther tapetum of some angiosperm species, as in some Passiflora species and in Papaver rhoeas ( Figure 1a ). (scielo.br)
  • In phylogenetic analyses, the new species is nested in a clade consisting of C. huongsonensis and C. soni from northern Vietnam and C. cf. pulchellus from Malaysia based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. (researchgate.net)
  • Our genetic analyses of these two species yielded contrasting results: a spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA) and F ST between each pair of populations revealed a locally fragmented genetic structure for Y. multistriata , compared to three distinct geographic groups of Y. argus within which range-wide gene flow occurs. (bioone.org)
  • Schedonorus and Lolium , many fewer hybrid breeding and cytologenetic analyses have been done to elucidate relationships among other species of Festuca . (oregonstate.edu)
  • Male production in haplodiploid species can be complex-in some situations, diploid males can be formed. (sare.org)
  • Our job is to be good stewards of our environment, which will allow bees to avoid the threat of inbreeding and production of diploid males on their own. (sare.org)
  • After males eclose as adults, they may spend their days cruising around flowers where females of the same species will also forage for food. (sare.org)
  • They're all female, so they don't bear that cost of producing males, but they're occasionally incorporating DNA from other species. (sciencefriday.com)
  • So the unisexuals are actually in these same ponds with these other species, and they will grab those spermatophores produced by the males of the other species. (sciencefriday.com)
  • It is a smaller species than X. laevis , with adult males measuring 3-4cm and females 4.5-5.5cm from snout to vent. (xenbase.org)
  • Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with 92 genera and just over 680 species . (eol.org)
  • This is the largest catfish family, including about 684 species in around 92 genera, with new species being described each year. (eol.org)
  • 1977) analyzed several diploid Festuca species in a search for a potential second diploid ancestor to the two allotetraploids discussed above, 4 x F. arundinaceum and F. mairei . (oregonstate.edu)
  • These new corn plants can now only reproduce with other polyploidal corn plants, not the original ancestor species. (jove.com)
  • It is widely thought that all of the billions of species on Earth are descended from a common ancestor. (elifesciences.org)
  • In spite of our lack of attention to chromosomes and chromosome numbers in formally defining species, it is the chromosomes and the genetic material they contain that define true species and control the evolution of new species. (carnivorousplants.org)
  • Currently, L-numbers are used not only by fish-keeping enthusiasts, but also by biologists, since they represent a useful stopgap until a new species of fish is given a full taxonomic name. (eol.org)
  • The diploid numbers of E. dixoni and E. subnimbosa are confirmed to have 56 in each case. (go.jp)
  • pluricephala at all, and the literature reports distributions at the species level or at the subsp. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • New species are created via a process called speciation, and nature employs various 'barriers' to keep closely related species distinct from one another. (elifesciences.org)
  • Each diploid cell has two sets of 23 chromosomes, each set received from one parent. (solarnavigator.net)
  • KATY GREENWALD: Yes, so what we call diploid, that's two sets, all the way up through pentaploid, that is five sets. (sciencefriday.com)
  • And those five sets, or those multiple sets, can come from any one of five other species. (sciencefriday.com)
  • 1977) suggested that two "diploid species-clusters" can be discriminated: one including F. scariosa , F. donax , F. drymeja , and F. altissima (with spp. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Solidago altissima is a very weedy species and has become invasive in eastern and southern Asia and Australia and has been documented as present in China (Chen and Semple 2011), Japan (Sakata et al. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • Solidago altissima was compared in a multivariate study to a number of Mexican species in the protologue of S. veracruzensis Semple (2018), which can be generally similar to S. altissima , particularly var. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • Scientists at the Cornell-affiliated Boyce Thompson Institute (BTI) and the National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables in Beijing have sequenced the genomes of two important pumpkin species, Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita moschata. (cornell.edu)
  • Cucurbitas have large genomes with 20 pairs of chromosomes, compared to watermelon's 11 or cucumber's seven. (cornell.edu)
  • So what's really interesting about them is despite the fact that they are stealing genomes from up to five other species, they are actually all a single evolutionary lineage that's probably about five million years old. (sciencefriday.com)
  • In allopatric speciation, gene flow between two populations of the same species is prevented by a geographic barrier, like a mountain range or habitat fragmentation. (jove.com)
  • Brassicaceae is a vast family of plants including 372 genera and 4,006 species contributing to condiments, biofuel, food, oil, and fulfilling fodder demands for the ecosystem 1 . (nature.com)
  • X. tropicalis is another Xenopus species widely used in biological and biomedical research. (xenbase.org)
  • The database contains more than 300 microscopic images, including karyotypic images obtained from 182 species of small mammals from the literature. (altmetric.com)
  • have now looked at two species of fission yeast- S. pombe and S. kambucha -that share 99.5% of their DNA sequence. (elifesciences.org)
  • Since these two yeast species are so closely related, the findings of Zanders et al. (elifesciences.org)
  • Consequently, species names are often used indiscriminately without standard identification criteria, leading to confusion in global species distribution patterns and impeding local precision weed control. (nature.com)
  • 2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
  • They found that all three grasses in section Montanae were interfertile with each other, and F. donax and F. drymeja were so closely related that they might be regarded as a single biological species. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Agropyron in its bread traditional sense contains almost all of the perennial species of the tribe with single spikelets per node. (scialert.net)
  • A chromosome number of 24 was noted by Saunders and McLachlan (1991) for plants with tetrasporangia and therefore putatively diploid. (algaebase.org)
  • As a general rule, animals and plants belonging to distinct species do not produce offspring when crossed with each other, and if viable offspring are produced, they generally are infertile (although not always). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Most often other mechanisms are used by plants and animals to keep gametic isolation and species distinction. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • All three of these Montanae diploids were crossed successfully with F. scariosa , but chromosome pairing was reduced in the resulting hybrid plants. (oregonstate.edu)
  • B chromosomes are additional chromosomes that are found in a wide variety of plants and animals (Perfectti and Werren, 2001). (scialert.net)
  • If we only collect information from diploid plants and animals, we get a false and one-eyed impression of nature. (lu.se)
  • Walter Sutton (left) and Theodor Boveri (right) independently developed the chromosome theory of inheritance in 1902. (wikipedia.org)
  • A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hybrid sterility is one of the earliest postzygotic isolating mechanisms to evolve between two recently diverged species. (elifesciences.org)
  • Since the evolutionary forces driving genetic changes that cause infertility between species are likely also acting within species, the study of hybrid sterility also promises significant insight into mechanisms underlying infertility within species. (elifesciences.org)
  • drymeja and donax belonging to the same biological species), and the other including L. pratense , L. perenne , and L. multiflorum . (oregonstate.edu)
  • Cross-species amplification was tested in 26 congeneric species and, on average, six of eight loci amplified successfully. (ufz.de)