Species iron binding proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Additional mechanisms include generating reactive oxygen species and altering gene expression (ATSDR, 2007). (cdc.gov)
Besides shielding bacterial DNA through binding and condensation, Dps proteins protect the cell from reactive oxygen species by oxidizing and storing ferrous ions within their cavity, using either hydrogen peroxide or molecular oxygen as the co-substrate, thus reducing the toxic effects of Fenton reactions. (unl.pt)
A. Cross talk between iron and oxygen (reactive oxygen species and hypoxia) in metabolic disorders. (jnu.ac.in)
Tapryal N., Mukhopadhyay C., Das D., Fox P.L., and Mukhopadhyay C.K. Reactive oxygen species regulate ceruloplasmin by a novel mRNA decay mechanism involving its 3'-untranslated region: Implications in neurodegenerative diseases. (jnu.ac.in)
Biswas S., Gupta M.K., Chattopadhyay D., and Mukhopadhyay C.K., Insulin induced activation of hypoxia inducible factor-1 requires generation of reactive oxygen species by NADPH oxidase. (jnu.ac.in)
In semen, iron serves as a catalyst within the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [74]. (ack1inhibitor.com)
Nevertheless, iron excess has the potential to catalyze the formation of cell-damaging reactive oxygen species ( Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1984 ). (frontiersin.org)
In the recognition and response process of phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species ROS and reactive nitrogen species RNS are produced [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
To test this hypothesis, Hb was modified by reactive oxygen species (ROS). (scialert.net)
There has been accumulating evidence that an additional mechanism to generate reactive oxygen species occurs in vivo (Moore et al . (scialert.net)
To test this hypothesis, Hb was modified by reactive oxygen species, generated by in vitro reaction of hemoglobin with hydrogen peroxide. (scialert.net)
Iron is an essential cofactor for proteins and enzymes in numerous biochemical pathways, but when left unchecked, excess iron catalyzes formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that disrupt thiol redox homeostasis. (grantome.com)
The evolution of angiosperm plants between 50 and 200 million years ago resulted in the development of many antioxidant pigments - particularly during the Jurassic period - as chemical defences against reactive oxygen species that are byproducts of photosynthesis . (wikipedia.org)
[9] Research into how vitamin E prevents the process of lipid peroxidation led to the identification of antioxidants as reducing agents that prevent oxidative reactions, often by scavenging reactive oxygen species before they can damage cells. (wikipedia.org)
If hydrogen peroxide is not broken down by catalase, additional reactions convert it into compounds called reactive oxygen species that can damage DNA, proteins, and cell membranes. (medlineplus.gov)

Since iron is tightly bound to transferrin, cells throughout the body have receptors for transferrin-iron complexes on their surfaces. (wikipedia.org)
Sequences of mRNA called iron-responsive elements (IREs) are contained within the mRNA sequences that code for transferrin receptors and for ferritin. (wikipedia.org)
On its own, the IRE-BP binds to the IREs of ferritin and transferrin receptor mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
IRE-BPs without iron bind to the IREs on transferrin receptor mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
In low-iron conditions, IRE-BPs allow the cell to keep producing transferrin receptors. (wikipedia.org)
And more transferrin receptors make it easier for the cell to bring in more iron from transferrin-iron complexes circulating outside the cell. (wikipedia.org)
But, as iron binds to more and more IRE-BPs, they change shape and unbind the transferrin receptor mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
A model showing the structure of the human transferrin protein WIKIMEDIA, EMW Damaging toxins and antibody-epitope interactions are frequently the battlegrounds of host-pathogen arms races, but a new study suggests a role for a different, so-called "nutritional" immune system. (the-scientist.com)
In primates, the iron-carrying protein transferrin likely evolved to inhibit meningitis-causing bacteria from scavenging iron, an essential but limited nutrient, researchers reported last week (December 11) in Science . (the-scientist.com)
Matthew Barber and Nels Elde from the University of Utah School of Medicine compared transferrin-encoding genes from 21 primate species, and found remarkable variation at sites known to interact with a bacterial transferrin binding protein, TbpA. (the-scientist.com)
A further investigation of transferrin sequence differences among humans revealed a variant that was unable to interact with the TbpA protein from H. influenzae . (the-scientist.com)
Lactotransferrin, also known as lactoferrin, can be a glycosylated 75?two kDa iron-binding protein that is a member from the transferrin family of proteins [66]. (ack1inhibitor.com)
The binding of iron (59Fe) and gallium (67Ga) to the plasma protein transferrin (Tf) was investigated by G75 gel filtration chromatography in control patients and treated and untreated patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). (aston.ac.uk)

In human cells, the best-characterized iron-sensing mechanism is the result of post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA (the chemical instructions derived from DNA genes to make proteins). (wikipedia.org)
There is concern that the protein products of introduced genes may be toxic or allergenic to certain individuals. (cancerdietitian.com)
Defective regulation of iron homeostasis genes lead to either, iron excess and related tissue injuries due to iron-stimulated oxidative damage or iron deficiency disorders. (jnu.ac.in)
The identification and functional characterization of 24 genes that are involved in iron homeostasis in A. fumigatus and/or Aspergillus nidulans , respectively, revealed significant insights into iron metabolism and its regulation (Table 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
All of the virulence-associated genes are transcriptionally upregulated during iron starvation and encode functions that are important for survival during iron starvation, which emphasizes the crucial role of adaptation to iron starvation in virulence. (frontiersin.org)
This remains a concern, but the potential for GM food allergens has been made less likely by the current practice that prohibits the transfer of genes encoding known allergens or of those from particularly allergenic species. (datamax.org)
Using the reported structure of the hybrid cluster protein and its sequence similarity with the carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase beta chain, we sought to construct a model for the metallic cofactor as a hybrid nickel-iron cluster, and determine whether there were genes for the proteins that would be required to synthesize this complex cofactor. (proteininformationresource.org)
Strain CO92 also consists of 4,012 protein-coding genes and 150 pseudogenes. (kenyon.edu)
The deepest branching species in the genus, Y. ruckeri , causative agent of red mouth disease in fish, has the smallest genome (3.7 Mb), although it shares the same core set of approximately 2,500 genes as the other members of the species, whose genomes range in size from 4.3 to 4.8 Mb. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, cuticular-related protein genes (chinase and chitin) were predominantly downregulated, which was also confirmed in the functional enrichment analysis. (cdc.gov)

During the growing years both males and females require iron to produce hemoglobin for the production of red blood cells. (curezone.com)
The number of globin subunits in the hemoglobin quaternary structure differs between species. (lecturio.com)
To overcome this iron limitation, C. albicans is able to extract iron from heme and hemoglobin, the largest iron pools in the human body, via a pathway that involves endocytosis into the cell. (prelekara.sk)
A Relay Network of Extracellular Heme-Binding Proteins Drives Iron Acquisition from Hemoglobin. (prelekara.sk)
Heme proteins like hemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin (Mb) contain redox-active transition metal iron that makes them susceptible to causing oxidative damage. (scialert.net)
Hemoglobin During photosynthesis, the cytochrome b6f complex is one step along the chain that transfers electrons from Photosystem II to Phot… Stigmatellin, a Q(P) site inhibitor, inhibits electron transfer from iron-sulfur protein (ISP) to cytochrome c1 in the bc1 complex. (slimwithlynne.com)
Iron is an essential mineral that your body uses to make hemoglobin and myoglobin which are proteins that deliver oxygen to your muscles and body. (webmd.com)
One of the most important functions for iron is to bind with hemoglobin (proteins in the red blood cells) to help carry oxygen throughout the body. (webmd.com)
University of California San Francisco: "Hemoglobin and Functions of Iron. (webmd.com)
Hemoglobin is an iron-containing respiratory protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen and then transports and releases it to cells that need oxygen. (icr.org)
Who would consider seriously a phylogeny of vertebrates drawn from a comparison of myoglobin [a single polypeptide chain molecule found in the muscles of vertebrates] of some species and hemoglobin from others? (icr.org)
The species for which myoglobin is used will cluster together far away from the related species for which hemoglobin is selected. (icr.org)
Representation of a human hemoglobin protein molecule. (icr.org)
Hemoglobin is an iron-containing oxygen-transport protein found in red blood cells. (icr.org)
It represents the chemical composition of hemoglobin, composed of four protein subunits, each containing a heme group with an iron atom in the center. (biochemden.com)
Hemoglobin can bind with oxygen in the lungs and transport it to tissues throughout the body. (biochemden.com)
Hemoglobin undergoes a conformational change upon oxygen binding, allowing for more efficient binding of additional oxygen molecules. (biochemden.com)
Hemoglobin can also bind with carbon dioxide, produced during cellular respiration, and transport it back to the lungs to exhale. (biochemden.com)

Once inside, the cell transfers the iron to ferritin, the internal iron storage molecule. (wikipedia.org)
But, when iron binds to the IRE-BP, the IRE-BP changes shape with the result that the IRE-BPs can no longer bind the ferritin mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
When the cell has obtained more iron than it can bind up with ferritin or heme molecules, more and more iron will bind to the IRE-BPs. (wikipedia.org)
And iron-IRE-BP binding will also start ferritin production. (wikipedia.org)
Dps proteins (DNA-binding proteins from starved cells) are multifunctional stress defense proteins from the Ferritin family expressed in Prokarya during starvation and/or acute oxidative stress. (unl.pt)
2008) the hyphal-associated adhesin and invasin Als3 of Candida albicans mediates iron acquisition from host ferritin. (prelekara.sk)

Its reaction mechanism is initiated by the binding of a quinol molecule to an active site, followed by a series of charge transfer reactions between the quinol and protein subunits. (slimwithlynne.com)
Complex III is a multisubunit transmembrane protein encoded by both the mitochondrial (cytochrome b) and the nuclear genomes (all other subunits). (slimwithlynne.com)
The bc1 complex contains 11 subunits, 3 respiratory subunits (cytochrome B, cytochrome C1, Rieske protein), 2 core proteins and 6 low-molecular weight proteins. (slimwithlynne.com)
Accumulation of APP across mitochondrial import channels, which varied with the severity of AD, inhibited the entry of nuclear-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunits IV and Vb proteins, which was associated with decreased cytochrome c oxidase activity and increased levels of H 2 O 2 . (jneurosci.org)
Four identical subunits, each attached (bound) to an iron-containing molecule called a heme group, form the functional enzyme. (medlineplus.gov)
If the membrane-anchor is missing or defective, Fp and Ip subunits accumulate as soluble proteins in the cytoplasm. (lu.se)

ACO1, or IRP1, is a bifunctional protein that functions as an iron-responsive element (IRE)-binding protein involved in the control of iron metabolism by binding mRNA to repress translation or degradation. (wikipedia.org)
This protein has a couple of conformational changes associated with it to explain the alternative functions as either mRNA regulator or as an enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
Iron-responsive element-binding protein (IRE-BP) binds to these mRNA sequences. (wikipedia.org)
But those IREs have a different effect: When the IRE-BP binds to these sites, the binding not only allows for translation but also stabilizes the mRNA molecule so it can stay intact for longer. (wikipedia.org)
Functions as mRNA binding protein that regulates uptake, sequestration and utilization of iron when cellular iron levels are low. (jlresearch.com.au)
Binds to iron-responsive elements (IRES) in target mRNA species when iron levels are low. (jlresearch.com.au)
The synthesis of lactoferrin in the mammary gland is developmentally regulated with changes in protein concentration in milk being correlated with changes in lactoferrin mRNA in mammary tissue. (massey.ac.nz)
A recent report on the sequence of the cDNA for caprine (goat) lactoferrin suggests that the transcription start point for the mRNA for this protein may be further upstream than that reported for the mRNA of bovine lactoferrin. (massey.ac.nz)

The toxic effects of lead result from its interference with the physiologic actions of calcium, zinc, and iron, through the inhibition of certain enzymes, and through binding to ion channels and regulatory proteins. (cdc.gov)
In addition, EPR and X-ray structural studies indicate that the designed protein binds iron, copper, or zinc in the FeB site, each with different effects on the structures and NOR activities, suggesting that both redox activity and an intermediate five-coordinate heme-NO species are important for high NOR activity. (ward-lab.ch)
Copper, iron, manganese, and zinc are essential transition metal ions for neurotransmission, enzymatic reactions, and mitochondrial functions regulated by the central nervous system (CNS) [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Zinc finger (Znf) domains are relatively small protein motifs which contain multiple finger-like protrusions that make tandem contacts with their target molecule. (embl.de)
Zinc-binding motifs are stable structures, and they rarely undergo conformational changes upon binding their target. (embl.de)
In the proposed "zinc finger" DNA-binding motif, each repeat unit binds a zinc metal ion through invariant Cys and His residues and this drives the folding of each 30-residue unit into an independent nucleic acid-binding domain. (embl.de)
To obtain structural information, we synthesized single and double zinc finger peptides from the yeast transcription activator ADR1, and assessed the metal-binding and DNA-binding properties of these peptides, as well as the solution structure of the metal-stabilized domains, with the use of a variety of spectroscopic techniques. (embl.de)
A single zinc finger can exist as an independent structure sufficient for zinc-dependent DNA binding. (embl.de)
Blood lead was significantly higher in the malignant case croups, as were zinc, iron, and calcium. (who.int)

Enzymes are one of the many types of protein in biological systems. (thefishsite.com)
Enzymes provide additional powerful tools that can inactivate anti-nutritional factors and enhance the nutritional value of plant-based protein in feeds. (thefishsite.com)
And they do more (with less) by replacing iron-requiring enzymes with iron free alternatives. (agu.org)
Protein design provides a rigorous test of our knowledge about proteins and allows the creation of novel enzymes for biotechnological applications. (ward-lab.ch)
Therefore, the successful design of a structural and functional metalloprotein would greatly advance the field of protein design and our understanding of enzymes. (ward-lab.ch)
Intracellular thiol-disulfide balance is critical, in turn, for the activity of proteins with functionally important cysteine residues, which includes many Fe-binding enzymes. (grantome.com)
For your metabolic systems, iron combines with enzymes like cytochromes (proteins containing a heme) to support functioning of neurotransmitters, hormones, and bile acids, as well as detoxification of the liver. (webmd.com)
In drug discovery, it is of utmost importance to accurately calculate the free energies of binding ligands to various protein targets, such as enzymes and receptors. (lu.se)

OH can modify proteins by reacting with tyrosine, tryptophan, cysteine, and methionine residues, promoting hydroxylation and nitration in peptides and proteins, impairing their normal function [ 7 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
This method ( 10 ) mea- chemical-induced skin sensitization is the ability of a chemical, sured the depletion of the peptides after treatment with excess either as such or after ex/in cutaneo activation, to covalently electrophile for 24 h and adopted the percent depletion (dp) as react with a carrier protein or peptide ( 6 ), resulting in an the reactivity index of a given chemical. (cdc.gov)

For example, MVs from E. coli under envelope stress contain multiple misfolded proteins, whose release enhances bacterial survival [ 9 ]. (nature.com)
Two bacterial species, Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis , are among the main causes of meningitis, a life-threatening inflammation of the membranes surround the brain and spinal cord. (the-scientist.com)
Homologs of the hybrid cluster protein are found in a number of bacterial and archaebacterial species and a division into three classes has been proposed [4]. (proteininformationresource.org)
In 1999 we observed that the hybrid cluster protein shared a distant sequence similarity with the beta chain of carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase found in some bacterial and archaebacterial species. (proteininformationresource.org)
Host defense against bacterial invasion depends on phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear granulocytes and the bactericidal effect of serum, mediated in large part by complement proteins. (medscape.com)
Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein facilitates transfer of bacterial cell wall components to inflammatory cells. (medscape.com)
When your body doesn't have enough iron stores, your cells can't respond properly to bacterial and viral infections. (webmd.com)

The reported structure of the "putative prismane" protein from Desulfovibrio vulgaris indicates that it contains a hybrid [4Fe-2S-3O] cluster ligated by seven protein residues, three cysteines, one persulfido-cysteine, two glutamates and one histidine. (proteininformationresource.org)
The other cluster was a relatively open 4Fe cluster with a mix of sulfur and oxygen bridging atoms bound by seven amino acid residues including three cysteines, two glutamates, one histidine and a stable persulfido-cysteine, previously seen only as an intermediate active site species (RESID:AA0269). (proteininformationresource.org)
This region includes two folding domains and all seven of the cofactor binding residues observed in the Desulfovibrio vulgaris structure. (proteininformationresource.org)
Those seven residues are conserved in all the hybrid cluster proteins. (proteininformationresource.org)
X-ray structural data indicate that the three His and one Glu (V68E) residues bind iron, mimicking the putative FeB site in NOR, while the second Glu (I107E) interacts with a water molecule and forms a hydrogen bonding network in the designed protein. (ward-lab.ch)

Evolutionists should be able to trace how this amazing protein molecule originated-but they can't. (icr.org)
The results suggest that oxidants produced by activation of the cellular immune system could damage the Tf molecule thereby reducing its ability to bind metals. (aston.ac.uk)

All cytochrome bc1 complexes contain three electron transfer proteins which contain four redox prosthetic groups. (slimwithlynne.com)
Dinitrosyl nonheme-iron complexes can appear in cells and tissues overproducing nitric oxide. (biomedcentral.com)
We studied the possible role of low molecular mass dinitrosyl iron complexes in the control of noradrenaline release in electrically stimulated rat tail artery. (biomedcentral.com)
Low molecular mass iron dinitrosyl complexes can up-regulate the stimulation-evoked release of vascular [ 3 H]noradrenaline, apparently independently of their NO donor properties. (biomedcentral.com)
In one study of a large set of protein-ligand complexes, we tried to improve the free energies of binding by using MD simulations with QM-derived charges, which sometimes led to improved results, but not always. (lu.se)

Design of a catalytically active non-haem iron-binding site (FeB) in sperm whale myoglobin. (ward-lab.ch)

Results obtained using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), Mössbauer and UV/Visible spectroscopies revealed that Cu 2+ ions bind to specific binding sites in Dps, exerting a rate-enhancing effect on the ferroxidation reaction in the presence of molecular oxygen and directly oxidizing ferrous ions when no other co-substrate is present, in a yet uncharacterized redox reaction. (unl.pt)
Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb Hb The oxygen-carrying proteins of erythrocytes. (lecturio.com)
Management is aimed at improving Hb Hb The oxygen-carrying proteins of erythrocytes. (lecturio.com)
Anemia is a quantitative deficiency of Hb Hb The oxygen-carrying proteins of erythrocytes. (lecturio.com)
Anemia is noted when Hb Hb The oxygen-carrying proteins of erythrocytes. (lecturio.com)
Despite its high abundance in the Earth's crust, the bioavailability of iron is low owing to its oxidation into sparingly soluble ferric (Fe 3+ ) hydroxides by atmospheric oxygen. (frontiersin.org)
The role of reactive species RS (of oxygen ROS, nitrogen RNS and halogen RHS) on innate immunity is examined. (encyclopedia.pub)
Us humans need iron to keep our blood red, to bring oxygen to our muscles, and to metabolize the other foods we eat. (agu.org)
For some species, a cell composed of a billion other atoms (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, etc.) needs a few thousand iron atoms to power it. (agu.org)
Two+ billion years ago, when the Earth didn't have (any/much) free oxygen… pre-BIF… would there have been much more iron available in the ocean? (agu.org)
This configuration enables conformational changes of the protein so that oxygen molecules can easily load and unload. (icr.org)
The iron atom is responsible for binding to oxygen molecules and allowing oxygen transport in the bloodstream. (biochemden.com)

corn that has been genetically engineered to produce drugs such as lactoferrin (an antimicrobial, iron-binding protein, present in high concentrations in human colostrum-the first breast milk secretions) is required by the USDA to be grown at least one mile away from other cornfields. (cancerdietitian.com)
Lactoferrin is an 80 kDa glycoprotein with two lobes, each of which bind a single iron atom. (massey.ac.nz)
A number of functions have been proposed for lactoferrin, some of which are related to the capacity of the protein to bind iron tightly but reversibly. (massey.ac.nz)
Most species studies have identified high levels of lactoferrin during involution and late pregnancy into early lactation. (massey.ac.nz)

The cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 (CREB3) members have unique regulatory roles in cellular lipid metabolism as transcription factors. (bvsalud.org)
Binds a 4Fe-4S cluster and functions as aconitase when cellular iron levels are high. (jlresearch.com.au)
As mono or diiron center as well as incorporated into heme or iron-sulfur clusters, this metal is an indispensable cofactor for a variety of cellular processes including electron transport, amino acid metabolism, and biosynthesis of DNA and sterols. (frontiersin.org)
Physiological levels of reactive species (ROS and RNS) are important in cellular signaling, but higher concentrations and prolonged exposure can fight infections by damaging important microbial biomolecules [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
The chemical changes mediated by reactive species RS are detrimental to cell function because they cause oxidation and nitration, altering the structures of cellular proteins, DNA, and lipids, and impairing their normal function. (encyclopedia.pub)
Iron and thiol redox homeostasis are intimately connected in cellular metabolism. (grantome.com)
However, there are significant gaps in understanding both iron regulation mechanisms and mitochondrial thiol redox control pathways at the cellular and molecular level that require further study. (grantome.com)
Providing mechanistic insight into these critical cellular functions is essential for preventing and treating diseases of iron overload, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial redox imbalance. (grantome.com)
Overall, this multidisciplinary research program is designed to tease out the mechanistic details of both iron regulation and subcellular thiol redox control at the cellular and molecular level. (grantome.com)
Understanding the fundamental mechanisms for maintaining redox and iron homeostasis at the cellular and molecular level is essential for designing prevention and treatment strategies for these disorders. (grantome.com)
The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is linked with cellular inclusions in the substantia nigra pars compacta region of the brain that are enriched in the misfolded presynaptic protein α -synuclein ( α S) and death of the dopaminergic neurons. (hindawi.com)

This is because protein metal-binding sites are much more varied than non-metal-containing sites, in terms of different metal ion oxidation states, preferred geometry and metal ion ligand donor sets. (ward-lab.ch)
We mostly used molecular mechanics (MM) in order to model the protein-ligand interactions, which is more approximate than quantum-mechanical (QM) methods, but necessary to reduce the computational cost when doing calculations on protein-ligand systems, which often contain tens of thousand of atoms. (lu.se)
Furthermore, it is important and challenging to accurately model the large entropic contribution to ligand-binding free energies. (lu.se)
This entropy largely stems from the fluctuation of the protein and ligand. (lu.se)
Additionally, we compared how MD and grand-canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) can be used to assess dynamics and thermodynamics of protein-ligand binding for both buried and solvent-exposed binding sites. (lu.se)

DQ12-45-1b, to analyze the function of its MVs in heme-iron recycling and sharing between species. (nature.com)
Our data suggest the existence of a relay system that transfers heme from one protein to the next across the cell envelope, explaining the requirement for multiple heme receptors for efficient heme-iron utilization. (prelekara.sk)
Iron is an important nutrient that you can only get from food, and it comes in two forms: heme iron and nonheme iron. (webmd.com)
Heme iron comes from animal sources like red meat, fish, and poultry, and your body can absorb about 30 % of it at any time. (webmd.com)
Non-heme iron comes from plant-based sources like vegetables, fruits, and nuts. (webmd.com)
Spinach is an example of non-heme iron, containing about 2.71 mg for each 100 grams of leafy greens. (webmd.com)

The complex intertwining of iron metabolism and oxidative stress is emphasized by the iron-dependence of detoxification of oxidative stress as, e.g., catalases and peroxidases require heme as cofactor. (frontiersin.org)
The post-translational modifications supporting cofactor assembly in both sets of homologous proteins will be discussed. (proteininformationresource.org)
They also have conservative variations at two cofactor binding positions. (proteininformationresource.org)

8. WeissmanZ, ShemerR, KornitzerD (2002) Deletion of the copper transporter CaCCC2 reveals two distinct pathways for iron acquisition in Candida albicans. (prelekara.sk)
2002) The siderophore iron transporter of Candida albicans (Sit1p/Arn1p) mediates uptake of ferrichrome-type siderophores and is required for epithelial invasion. (prelekara.sk)
11. HuCJ, BaiC, ZhengXD, WangYM, WangY (2002) Characterization and functional analysis of the siderophore-iron transporter CaArn1p in Candida albicans. (prelekara.sk)
They line their cells with transporter proteins that can bind different chemical forms of iron. (agu.org)
The gene ontology (GO) terms associated with monooxygenase, iron binding, and passive transmembrane transporter activities were significantly enriched in four out of six resistant vs. susceptible comparisons while serine protease activity was elevated in all insecticide-resistant groups relative to the susceptible strain. (cdc.gov)

With chronic exposure, cadmium accumulates in the liver and kidneys where it is bound to metallothionein, an inducible metal binding protein. (cdc.gov)

Geographic distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility vary with different species. (medscape.com)
The proposed functions include iron transport in the gut, antimicrobial activity and modulation of the activity of the immune system. (massey.ac.nz)

Typically, OMVs are dominated by outer membrane proteins, while the cytoplasmic membrane proteins and cytoplasmic proteins are the primary contents of MVs. (nature.com)

However, whether MVs are also responsible for efficient iron uptake and therefore involved in microbial interaction remains to be elucidated. (nature.com)
Das N.K., Biswas S., Solanki S., and Mukhopadhyay C.K. Leishmania donovani depletes labile iron pool to exploit iron uptake capacity of macrophage for its intracellular growth. (jnu.ac.in)
Therefore, fungi evolved fine-tuned mechanisms for uptake and storage of iron, such as the production of siderophores (low-molecular mass iron-specific chelators). (frontiersin.org)
During iron sufficiency, SreA represses iron uptake, including reductive iron assimilation and siderophore-mediated iron uptake, to avoid toxic effects. (frontiersin.org)
Here we show that efficient heme uptake relies on a family of extracellularly-anchored proteins that serve as heme receptors, two of which, at least, are required for efficient heme utilization. (prelekara.sk)
1995) The Menkes/Wilson disease gene homologue in yeast provides copper to a ceruloplasmin-like oxidase required for iron uptake. (prelekara.sk)

Our preliminary study using 2D isolates were recovered from liq- new cases throughout the world cu- gel electrophoresis in drug sensitive/ uid nitrogen, and sub-cultured in taneous leishmaniasis (CL) remains resistant strains of L. tropica showed RPMI1640 medium (Gibco/BRL) a serious public health problem in that some proteins were differentially supplemented with 10% fetal bovine numerous countries [1,2]. (who.int)

The long term goals of this research program are: (1) to identify the mechanisms for maintaining adequate intracellular levels of the essential metal iron, and (2) to characterize intracellular factors that control mitochondrial thiol redox balance and GSH flux between subcellular compartments. (grantome.com)
The goals of this proposal are: (1) to identify the mechanisms for maintaining adequate intracellular levels of the essential metal iron, and (2) to characterize intracellular factors that control subcellular redox balance using yeast as a model system. (grantome.com)
Our results show that class XI myosins play specific roles in the reproduction and intracellular movement of TMV in association with the dynamic endoplasmic reticulum network, whereas class VIII myosins support the specific targeting of the viral movement protein to plasmodesmata and thus the cell-to-cell movement of the virus. (prelekara.sk)
This is necessary because most host iron is bound to intracellular and extracellular proteins. (medscape.com)

Finally, we found that the heme carried in MVs is utilized by multiple species, and we further verified that membrane fusion efficiency and species evolutionary distance determine heme delivery. (nature.com)
MitoNEET belongs to the CDGSH Iron-Sulfur Domain (cisd)-gene family of proteins and is a [2Fe-2S] cluster-containing protein found on the outer membrane of mitochondria. (researchgate.net)
15. KulkarniRD, KelkarHS, DeanRA (2003) An eight-cysteine-containing CFEM domain unique to a group of fungal membrane proteins. (prelekara.sk)
The cytochrome bc 1 complex (also known as ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase or complex III) is a multi-subunit dimeric integral membrane protein complex. (slimwithlynne.com)
Aminoacid degradation and urea cycle The cytochrome bc1complex (ubiquinone:cytochrome coxidoreductase) is the central integral membrane protein in the mitochondrial respiratory chain as well as the electron-transfer chains of many respiratory and photosynthetic prokaryotes. (slimwithlynne.com)
The major constituent of a senile plaque is β-amyloid (Αβ), which is a 40-43 amino acid peptide produced by the action of secretory pathway-associated proteases, namely β and γ secretases, at the C terminus of a type I membrane-spanning glycoprotein termed amyloid precursor protein (APP). (jneurosci.org)
We hypothesised, that low molecular mass DNIC may also affect the process of neuromediator release, which is known to be associated with membrane depolarisation and involves an array of thiol-containing proteins which are usually sensitive to S-nitrosation [ 13 , 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
SQR consists of a membrane-peripheral heterodimer domain (often called succinate dehydrogenase) which is tightly bound to a membrane-spanning anchor, which is a cytochrome with one or two heme groups depending on the organism. (lu.se)
The flavin together with the iron-sulfur clusters function to mediate electron transfer from the dicarboxylate binding site on the Fp subunit to the membrane-anchor domain where quinone is reduced to quinol. (lu.se)
With the full complement of prosthetic groups they are then bound to the heme-containing membrane-anchor to form the active SQR. (lu.se)
Flavinylation of Fp in B. subtilis does not require the Ip subunit or the membrane anchor but depends on folding of the Fp polypeptide into a state that can bind FAD and subsequent mediate covalent binding of the FAD [3, 4]. (lu.se)
SQR in E. coli and B. subtilis can be assembled in the membrane without covalently bound FAD but are enzymatically inactive [3, 4, 6]. (lu.se)
It is unexpected that B. subtilis SQR without covalently bound FAD is not assembled in the E. coli membrane provided that all other aspects of assembly, including iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, are functional in the heterologous system. (lu.se)
Notably, certain B. subtilis mutants with mutated Fp lack covalently bound flavin and do not assemble the SQR polypeptides in the membrane [3]. (lu.se)

B. Iron homeostasis in glia and neuron: implications in neurodegenerative diseases. (jnu.ac.in)
This review summarizes the current knowledge on iron homeostasis and its role in virulence in Aspergillus spp. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, iron homeostasis and maintenance of thiol-disulfide balance are mutually dependent processes that are critical for cell survival. (grantome.com)
Th tripeptide glutathione (GSH) and glutaredoxin (Grx) proteins function together in both thiol redox control and iron homeostasis by catalyzing thiol-disulfide exchange reactions and participating in Fe-S cluster biogenesis pathways. (grantome.com)
Maintenance of GSH and iron homeostasis in the mitochondrion is especially important since this organelle is the primary site for Fe- S cluster and heme biogenesis, as well as the main source and target of ROS production. (grantome.com)

ABSTRACT In order to define the protein expressional changes related to the process of meglumine antimoniate resistance in anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), we performed a comparative proteomics analysis on sensitive and resistant strains of Leishmania tropica isolated from Iranian CL patients. (who.int)

6. RamananN, WangY (2000) A high-affinity iron permease essential for Candida albicans virulence. (prelekara.sk)

The iron-responsive element-binding proteins, also known as IRE-BP, IRBP, IRP and IFR , bind to iron-responsive elements (IREs) in the regulation of human iron metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
Recently, the sterol regulatory element binding protein SrbA was found to be essential for adaptation to iron starvation, thereby linking regulation of iron metabolism, ergosterol biosynthesis, azole drug resistance, and hypoxia adaptation. (frontiersin.org)
Disruptions in redox regulation and iron metabolism have been implicated in numerous human diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, mitochondrial dysfunction disorders, and iron overload disorders. (grantome.com)
In this review, we will discuss iron-mediated α S aggregation, alterations in iron metabolism, and the role of the iron-dopamine couple. (hindawi.com)
The specific iron-binding protein in plasma, it has a role in the transportation and distribution of iron among the body organs, in iron metabolism and in prevention of iron loss via the kidney. (creativebiomart.net)
Hb binds CO 2 , a waste product of metabolism. (biochemden.com)

No natural food products harbor endogenous Shigella species, but a wide variety of foods may be contaminated. (medscape.com)
Shigellosis Shigellosis is an acute infection of the intestine caused by the gram-negative Shigella species. (msdmanuals.com)

The sequences of at least six other closely homologous proteins have been found, five of these from complete genomes. (proteininformationresource.org)
The carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase beta chain sequences contain short insertions relative to the hybrid cluster proteins. (proteininformationresource.org)
Compared with the Desulfovibrio vulgaris hybrid cluster protein, the sequences from Clostridium thermaceticum and Rhodospirillum rubrum have serine rather than glutamate at the seventh binding site (residue 494). (proteininformationresource.org)

mechanics (QM), in particular the Schr ¨odinger equation, allow us different proteins, e.g. alcohol dehydrogenase, blue copper proteins, to calculate any measurable property of a defined set of atoms. (lu.se)

Iron-oxo clusters biomineralizing on protein surfaces. (berkeley.edu)
However, in 1998 a 1.7 Ångstrom resolution X-ray structure for the protein demonstrated that it did not have a 6Fe-6S cluster but two different 4Fe clusters [3]. (proteininformationresource.org)
Znf domains are often found in clusters, where fingers can have different binding specificities. (embl.de)

Ilicicolin inhibition and binding at center N of the dimeric cytochrome bc1 complex reveal electron transfer and regulatory interactions between monomers Raul Covian and Bernard L. Trumpower J. Biol. (slimwithlynne.com)
For this, we have developed a computational protocol to extract regulatory regions and their corresponding transcription factors binding sites directly from metagenomic reads and applied it to three well known environments: Acid Mine, Whale Fall, and Waseca Farm. (biomedcentral.com)
Taking the density of regulatory sites in promoters as a measure of the potential and complexity of gene regulation, we found it to be quantitatively the same in all three environments, despite their different physico-chemical conditions and species composition. (biomedcentral.com)

The identified ORFs showed homology to proteins involved in the transport of metal ions, two-component signal transducers, ATP-binding-cassette-type transporters and a sigma factor. (microbiologyresearch.org)

13. DohertyCP (2007) Host-pathogen interactions: the role of iron. (prelekara.sk)
The in vitro biochemical and biophysical studies will probe protein-protein, metal-protein, and protein-DNA interactions in iron sensing pathways to uncover the molecular details of iron signaling, while the genetics and cell biology studies test how these molecular interactions influence the in vivo functions and dynamic localization of iron signaling factors. (grantome.com)
Moreover, iron interactions with N-terminally acetylated α S, the physiologically relevant form of the human protein, will be addressed to shed light on the current understanding of protein dynamics and the physiological environment in the disease state. (hindawi.com)
Like other members of the lipocalin family, BLG these specific interactions have been shown to be critical for has a -barrel fold with a large internal cavity that binds dimer stability (Kobayashi et al. (lu.se)

A Relay Network of Extracellular Heme-Binding Prote. (prelekara.sk)

Various hypotheses about the functions of anhydrobiosis‐related intrinsically disordered (ARID) proteins, including. (researchgate.net)
The specific functions of mitoNEET/CISD1 remain to be fully elucidated, but the protein is involved in regulating mitochondrial bioenergetics in several metabolic diseases. (researchgate.net)
Complex III possesses a Fe-S protein like complex I. Mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex performs two functions: It is a respiratory multienzyme complex and it recognizes a mitochondrial targeting presequence. (slimwithlynne.com)
The comparative studies of the potential protein content in many of these datasets have already provided interesting examples of specific functions that correlate with specific characteristics of the environment. (biomedcentral.com)
Yersinia genomes had a similar global partition of protein functions, as measured by the distribution of Cluster of Orthologous Groups families. (biomedcentral.com)
They display considerable versatility in binding modes, even between members of the same class (e.g. some bind DNA, others protein), suggesting that Znf motifs are stable scaffolds that have evolved specialised functions. (embl.de)

For the mitochondrial redox project, a molecular genetics approach will be used to manipulate gene expression and protein localization, coupled with in vivo thiol redox measurements using targeted GFP-based redox sensors, to identify factors that influence thiol-disulfide balance and control GSH flux between subcellular compartments. (grantome.com)
This allows, for the first time, to search for the molecular and genetic basis of adaptation through the comparison and the study of genomes of different species sharing the same environment, and of similar species living in different conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
Bacteria are able to compete effectively for iron bound to host proteins because of the secretion of high-affinity, low molecular weight iron chelators known as siderophores. (medscape.com)
A reduction in metal binding to Tf could result in the increase of a low molecular weight species which may more readily enter the CNS. (aston.ac.uk)
Understanding the molecular basis of insecticide resistance in this species is crucial to design effective resistance management strategies. (cdc.gov)
Protein structures are invaluable for biochemical studies and for mechanical or molecular mechanics calculations have become the understanding of how proteins work. (lu.se)

Local secretions also contain immunoglobulins, principally IgG and secretory IgA, which prevent microorganisms from attaching to host cells, and proteins that bind iron, which is essential for many microorganisms. (msdmanuals.com)

Aconitases are iron-sulfur proteins that require a 4Fe-4S cluster for their enzymatic activity, in which they catalyze conversion of citrate to isocitrate. (wikipedia.org)
Binding of a 4Fe-4S cluster precludes RNA binding. (jlresearch.com.au)
The nickel-containing chain of carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase also has a domain with some sequence similarities to the hybrid cluster proteins. (proteininformationresource.org)
Its unusual redox behavior and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra led to the prediction that the protein contained a symmetric 6Fe-6S cluster, and it was consequently called the "prismane protein" [1,2]. (proteininformationresource.org)
One was a 4Fe-4S cubane cluster bound by a novel Cys-2X-Cys-8X-Cys-5X-Cys motif. (proteininformationresource.org)
Using ClustalW [7] to align 7 hybrid cluster proteins and 2 of 4 carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase beta chains, we found that they most significantly share sequence similarity in a 280 to 350 residue region at their carboxyl ends. (proteininformationresource.org)

A red-colored conjugated protein (made up of heme and Globin) is present inside the RBC. (biochemden.com)
The essential protein globin varies in amino acid composition and sequence in different species. (biochemden.com)

In each species DNA has been 'added' by horizontal gene transfer in the form of plasmids and genomic islands. (biomedcentral.com)

Tapryal N, Mukhopadhyay C, Mishra MK, Das D, Biswas S, and Mukhopadhyay C. K. Glutathione synthesis inhibitor butathione sulfoximine regulates ceruloplasmin by dual but opposite mechanism: Implication in hepatic iron overload. (jnu.ac.in)

Dr. Amitabha Mukhopadhyay, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi- Regulation of Rab proteins by cytokines. (jnu.ac.in)

The importance of these species in innate immunity was first recognized in phagocytes that underwent a "respiratory burst" after activation. (encyclopedia.pub)

Redox-active transition metals, containing unpaired electrons in their d-orbital, are able to generate, or remove, reactive species with unpaired electrons. (scialert.net)
Structural as well as oxidative modifications can result from coordination of α S with redox active iron, which could have functional and/or pathological implications. (hindawi.com)

12. LiuJZ, BlancaflorEB, NelsonRS (2005) The Tobacco mosaic virus 126-kilodalton protein, a constituent of the virus replication complex, alone or within the complex aligns with and traffics along microfilaments. (prelekara.sk)
The major constituent of LBs is aggregated α -synuclein ( α S), an intrinsically unfolded protein predominantly localized in the presynaptic regions of dopaminergic neurons. (hindawi.com)

Relative to IRP1, IRP2 has a 73-amino acid insertion, and this insertion mediates the IRP2 degradation in iron-replete cells. (wikipedia.org)
Their binding properties depend on the amino acid sequence of the finger domains and of the linker between fingers, as well as on the higher-order structures and the number of fingers. (embl.de)

Such calculations can also be used to interpret the structures, e.g. to decide the protonation state of metal-bound ligands. (lu.se)

When comparing proteomes of MVs between iron-limiting and iron-rich conditions, we found that under iron-limiting conditions, heme-binding proteins are enriched. (nature.com)
The protein Afr LEA6 is found in the desiccation-tolerant life. (researchgate.net)
Do not worry, I am assured: 100% of that iron can be found in each serving. (agu.org)
However, there were no genomic data on the Yersinia species with more limited virulence potential, frequently found in soil and water environments. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we report evidence of protein preservation in a terrestrial vertebrate found inside the vascular canals of a rib of a 195-million-year-old sauropodomorph dinosaur, where blood vessels and nerves would normally have been present in the living organism. (nature.com)
increases are found in pregnancy, iron-deficiency anemias and inoculation hepatitis. (creativebiomart.net)
For your skin and hair, iron found in proteins helps to support collagen and follicle cells in the dermis layer. (webmd.com)
The B. subtilis Fp polypeptide was found to lack covalently bound FAD when produced in E. coli although E. coli Fp in the same cell was flavinylated [8]. (lu.se)

During iron starvation, HapX represses iron-consuming pathways, including heme biosynthesis and respiration, to spare iron and activates synthesis of ribotoxin AspF1 and siderophores, the latter partly by ensuring supply of the precursor, ornithine. (frontiersin.org)
Oxidative pathways and biochemical alterations resulting from aberrant iron-induced chemistry are the principal focus of this review in order to highlight the plethora of research that has uncovered this emerging dichotomy of iron playing both functional and disruptive roles in PD pathology. (hindawi.com)
In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has highlighted the accumulation of iron in the SNpc region of the PD brain, which disrupts iron circulation pathways to create an imbalance of the metal [ 11 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)

In Aspergillus fumigatus , iron starvation causes extensive transcriptional remodeling involving two central transcription factors, which are interconnected in a negative transcriptional feed-back loop: the GATA-factor SreA and the bZip-factor HapX. (frontiersin.org)

Reactive Species on Innate Immunity" Encyclopedia , https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31219 (accessed December 02, 2023). (encyclopedia.pub)

10, 11 ) reported the identification of allergenic events, such as protein haptenation, are critical as chemicals as skin sensitizers based on their ability to deplete discussed by Schultz et al. (cdc.gov)

This nanosecond dispersion may reflect intersite exchange of water mol- ecules trapped inside the large binding cavity of BLG-A. (lu.se)

The control over access to iron is one of the central battlefields during infection as pathogens have to "steal" the iron from the host. (frontiersin.org)
All three human pathogens carry a 70-kb pYV virulence plasmid (also known as pCD), which carries the Ysc type III secretion system and Yops effectors [ 18 - 20 ], that is not detected in non-pathogenic species. (biomedcentral.com)

The most common strong alternative and complement to experimental methods to methods to obtain protein structures are X-ray crystallography obtain insight in biochemical processes. (lu.se)

Another model complex, dinitrosyl-iron-cysteine (at 3 μM) elicited similar responses as dinitrosyl-iron-thiosulfate. (biomedcentral.com)

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) play a central role in desiccation tolerance in all species investigated. (researchgate.net)

Anatomy4

Organisms1

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs69

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment10

Phenomena and Processes18

Information Science3

Reactive oxygen15

Transferrin13

Genes10

Hemoglobin18

Ferritin6

Subunits6

MRNA8

Zinc9

Enzymes8

Peptides2

Bacterial7

Residues5

Molecule2

Complexes5

Myoglobin1

Oxygen12

Lactoferrin4

Cellular11

Ligand5

Heme-iron6

Cofactor3

Transporter5

Metal binding1

Antimicrobial2

Cytoplasmic1

Uptake6

Bovine1

Intracellular4

Membrane14

Homeostasis5

Abstract1

20001

Metabolism6

Shigella2

Sequences3

Copper1

Clusters3

Regulatory3

Homology1

Interactions4

Extracellular1

Functions6

Molecular6

Microorganisms1

Cluster6

Globin2

Gene1

Mechanism1

Regulation1

Respiratory1

Redox-active2

Constituent2

Amino2

Ligands1

Found8

Pathways3

Transcription factors1

20231

Allergenic1

Cavity1

Pathogens2

Structures1

Cysteine1

Intrinsically1