• The course aims to provide knowledge that is essential for understanding the humane use and care of fish as laboratory animals and for the quality of research using fish species. (universiteitleiden.nl)
  • Information required for ethical review, the choice of animal species, the origin of the animals, animal housing and husbandry, environmental conditions, humane endpoints, whether or not induction of a disease is needed, and the methods for anesthesia or humane killing are discussed. (universiteitleiden.nl)
  • As Humane Society International highlights, for example, over 12 million animals are experimented on within Europe every year, particularly for medical research. (caringconsumer.com)
  • The ethical justification and scientific utility of laboratory animal experimentation are rightly criticized, necessitating efforts to enhance humane aspects of animal research as well as to address biases and difficulties in extrapolating data from animal research to humans. (who.int)
  • He and the other authors said the sharp increase in mice used in experiments that their study revealed could be driven by federal restrictions on the use of chimpanzees, dogs and cats due to growing public pressure, and the fact that mice and other smaller animals are not included in the Animal Welfare Act. (cbsnews.com)
  • The use of mice "reflects scientists' and laypersons' greater moral concern for animals in laboratories who are typical viewed as companion animals or as being human-like or having higher mental abilities," the authors wrote. (cbsnews.com)
  • This bias persists despite extensive evidence that - like dogs, cats and primates - animals such as mice, rats and fish experience pain, stress and distress. (cbsnews.com)
  • Animals including mice, rats, rabbits, and guinea pigs are most commonly used in phototoxicity tests, but other species are used as well. (peta.org)
  • Typical tests involve daily administration of a substance by gavage directly into the stomach of mice, rats, or other animals. (aerzte-gegen-tierversuche.de)
  • An overview will be given about commonly used fish species in these research areas, and, in particular, a strong emphasis will be placed on the use of zebrafish for biomedical research. (universiteitleiden.nl)
  • Rechannel the billions of dollars disbursed annually by the National Institutes of Health for animal experiments into direct health care, preventive medicine and biomedical research using non-animal procedures such as clinical, epidemiological and cell culture research. (cagreens.org)
  • At the end, 23 lecturers were certified by the National Ethics Committee for Biomedical Research as accredited lecturers for holding laboratory animal courses. (norecopa.no)
  • Despite clear benefits of PRT for NHPs and biomedical research, investigators often view the investment in personnel expertise and time required to train animals as deterrents towards adopting PRT. (awionline.org)
  • The teaching activity aims to provide the essential bases on Laboratory Animal Science and the problems related to animal experimentation as well as alternative ways to use experimental animals in biomedical research. (uninsubria.eu)
  • This knowledge completes the training of a graduate in Biomedical Sciences with solid and up-to-date skills in the fundamental sectors of life sciences, also based on the use of animal models both in the basic research and in health fields. (uninsubria.eu)
  • The chapters in the present volume deal with special techniques which have been demonstrated to be distinct, useful methods for using laboratory animals as a basic biomedical research tool. (elsevier.com)
  • Bioethics tends to be dominated by discourses concerned with the ethical dimension of medical practice, the organization of medical care, and the integrity of biomedical research involving human subjects and animal testing. (erudit.org)
  • In this paper, I examine what Derrida's thought about this limit might mean for the use/misuse/abuse of animals in contemporary biomedical research. (erudit.org)
  • There are alternatives for man to access disease or the effects of drugs, which do not involve animal testing. (thepetitionsite.com)
  • LCA believes that non-human animals should not be subjected to suffering and exploitation by humans because alternatives exist for nearly every traditional usage of animals. (charitynavigator.org)
  • While agreeing with their premise, I would disagree with the conclusion and would argue that the authors fail to adequately describe how the One Health approach provides alternatives to traditional use of animal experimentation. (who.int)
  • The One Health paradigm, whether applied to zoonotic disease or other health issues affecting both animals and humans, can provide important alternatives to animal experimentation. (who.int)
  • Museum of Nonhumanity is the catalogue for a full-size touring museum that presents the history of the distinction between humans and animals, and the way that this artificial boundary has been used to oppress human and nonhuman beings over long historical periods. (punctumbooks.com)
  • A technique for causing a targeted loss of molecular function from REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES that are formed by the illumination of dyes placed in the immediate vicinity of the target molecule. (bvsalud.org)
  • The study, in the Journal of Medical Ethics, found the number of animals tested rose from 1,566,994 in 1997 to 2,705,772 in 2012 in testing by the top 25 institutional recipients of National Institute of Health grants. (cbsnews.com)
  • As such, groups concerned with animal ethics would do well to further explore the applications of a One Health approach: what are the ethical guideposts as we move toward a future of health care that considers the health of multiple species as well as the environment? (who.int)
  • Our article focuses on One Health in relation to ethics and a pathway to generating robust evidence from animal experiments and certainly not, as seems to be understood by Dr Lederman, that One Health provides an alternative to the conventional animal experiments. (who.int)
  • Our ethic upholds not only the value of biological diversity and the integrity and continuity of species, but also the value of individual lives and the interest of individual animals. (cagreens.org)
  • The basic notions on the morphological and functional organization, on the methods of development and breeding of model animal organisms used in biological experimentation will be also provided. (uninsubria.eu)
  • LCA recognizes the use of non-human animals in medical experimentation as both immoral and of questionable scientific validity due to the tremendous biological difference between species. (charitynavigator.org)
  • Animal testing is the use of animals in biological, medical, and psychological studies. (123helpme.com)
  • Methods of Animal Experimentation, Volume II, provides information on the most common methods for using animals as tools in the search for new biological knowledge. (elsevier.com)
  • The book is a source of information for the scientist administrator who is frequently confronted with different proposed approaches to biological research projects utilizing animals. (elsevier.com)
  • Animals are used in medicine, veterinary science, and biology studies to teach students basic biological knowledge although a broad spectrum of pedagogically superior, animal-free teaching methods exist. (aerzte-gegen-tierversuche.de)
  • Pharmacokinetics is the study of the time course for the Of course the actual nature of the relationship between tis- absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of a sue exposure and response, particularly across species, may chemical substance in a biological system. (cdc.gov)
  • The use of animals in laboratory experimentation is unethical and strongly against animal rights. (123helpme.com)
  • Subjecting human volunteers to risk in the absence of scientifically valid results from animal experiments is unethical. (who.int)
  • Additional information on animal rights legislation can be found here . (scientificamerican.com)
  • The main objective is to provide solid preparation for understanding the legislation that regulates animal experimentation in Italy, how an experimental protocol is conducted safeguarding the well-being of the experimental animal and the different experimental methodologies that can be used for the study and treatment of various pathologies affecting both man and animal. (uninsubria.eu)
  • Animal experiments are strictly regulated under Swedish legislation as well as EU legislation on the protection of animals. (lu.se)
  • Evidence: Many systematic reviews published in the Cochrane library are inconclusive and unable to provide clinical recommendations after randomized controlled trials have been undertaken based on the results of animal experiments. (who.int)
  • When you will or have successfully completed a basic animal experimentation course (article 9 course) together with this species-specific course, you are licensed to design procedures and projects for fish. (universiteitleiden.nl)
  • This general introduction to laboratory animal science is complemented by a specific theoretical and practical program on the use of fish as experimental animals. (universiteitleiden.nl)
  • Common laboratory species will be introduced, including some features of anatomy and physiology. (universiteitleiden.nl)
  • Consumers are fed up with animal testing, the gruesome practice of testing products with animal research for medical experiments, makeup testing, chemical testing, and more. (caringconsumer.com)
  • PETA has long campaigned for a reduction in animals used experiments and there has been a shift way from using them for such things as chemical toxicity testing and medical education. (cbsnews.com)
  • Scientists present at the news conference agreed that animal testing has yielded some important medical breakthroughs. (scientificamerican.com)
  • For too long, our society has accepted the medical establishment's claim that animal experimentation is necessary, but volumes of evidence shows that not only do alternative testing methods exist, but they might, in fact, be safer and more effective in promoting human health. (cagreens.org)
  • This Virginia statute provides that no animal bearing a tag, license or tattooed identification shall be used or accepted by any person for the purpose of medical research or experimentation, unless the individual who owns such animal consents in writing. (animallaw.info)
  • Animal experimentation is used in order to test products and to discover new medical research. (123helpme.com)
  • Animal experimentation can be very useful for testing new products and finding new medical treatment's to save people's lives. (123helpme.com)
  • Animals are used to test new medical treatments to see if they will be effective on humans. (123helpme.com)
  • Without the animals it would be very difficult to find new medical and to save a lot of people's lives. (123helpme.com)
  • Animal experimentation may be very harmful to animals and inhumane but it is the only thing right now that is helping to discover new medical advances. (123helpme.com)
  • The development and enhancement of medical research has been based on the testing of animals. (123helpme.com)
  • Throughout history, declaring a group to be nonhuman or subhuman has been an effective tool for justifying slavery, oppression, medical experimentation, genocide, and other forms of violence against those deemed "other. (punctumbooks.com)
  • The American Veterinary Medical Association has defined One Health as "…the collaborative efforts of multiple disciplines working locally, nationally and globally, to attain optimal health for people, animals, and our environment" [2]. (who.int)
  • In other words, animals can be harmed in almost any way under the guise of the Animal Welfare Act, without there being any medical benefit. (aerzte-gegen-tierversuche.de)
  • organisms into animals to see if they could reproduce the disease and subsequently finding a cure. (myradiary.com)
  • By standard, animal research involves removing animals from their natural environment. (caringconsumer.com)
  • These effects are observed in people and in nonhuman animals who are the subjects for comparative and translational science. (awionline.org)
  • Jacques Derrida has explored the fundamental question of the "limit" that identifies and differentiates the human animal from the nonhuman animal. (erudit.org)
  • In other words, bioethics should examine the prejudices that are "based on species difference" and "species membership," and hence take up the central issue of "our obligations to nonhuman animals. (erudit.org)
  • To pursue this question, however, means that our movement in language should be more radical than what has been undertaken to date, in which case we may well have to rectify our language by eschewing the very concepts "human" and "nonhuman," as well as the more basic concept "animal," which has its provenance in the Latin renditions of classical Greek philosophical nomenclature. (erudit.org)
  • When the robots became their own masters, they nearly drove my species into extinction consuming all our resources. (365tomorrows.com)
  • The animal experimentation industry is driving monkey species to extinction and causing mass suffering, so PETA is looking to the top Oscar ®️ nominees to join our work to end this cruelty. (peta.org)
  • Long-term, multi-institutional assessments have become a reliable tool for evaluating patterns of wounding in zoo-living primates, with results informing on best practices for species-specific care protocols and population management strategies. (awionline.org)
  • PETA highlights that animal testing involves subjecting animals to painful experiments in a laboratory setting . (caringconsumer.com)
  • The use of animals in experiments at leading federally-funded labs has increased nearly 73 percent in the past 15 years, according to a new study conducted by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). (cbsnews.com)
  • Despite new research technology, evidence that animal experiments often don't faithfully translate to humans, and the fact that a growing majority of the public opposes experiments on animals, laboratories are abusing more animals than ever before," said PETA Director of Laboratory Investigations Justin Goodman, who was a co-author on the study. (cbsnews.com)
  • PETA also alleged that individuals on testing oversight committees are often involved in animal research themselves, which creates a potential conflict of interest. (cbsnews.com)
  • PETA-whose motto reads, in part, that "animals are not ours to experiment on"-opposes speciesism, a human-supremacist worldview. (peta.org)
  • According to an article by PETA, "experiments on animals are cruel, expensive and generally inapplicable to humans" (PETA 1). (123helpme.com)
  • PETA released a statement saying that this is a reason circuses shouldn't be allowed to include animal acts in their entertainment. (kidsdiscover.com)
  • Animal testing has always been a sore point for scientists and animal-rights advocates, following some high-profile cases of mistreatment of lab animals, such as monkeys discovered in 1981 at the Institute for Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Md., in deplorable conditions. (scientificamerican.com)
  • LCA's work advocates conscious and informed lifestyle decisions, and LCA is committed to disseminating truthful information about societal animal abuse to improve the treatment of animals. (charitynavigator.org)
  • how landscape configuration (pattern and form) affects community assembly and individual species movement (hence populations), community persistence and links to variability in ecological and ecosystem function. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • The Cruel atrocities which animals have to endure for NOTHING , cannot continue, Please be a voice for those who cannot speak, let companies and Universities know that you will not tolerate such a cruel practice. (thepetitionsite.com)
  • The use of animals in research remains an essential scientific practice that is rigorously supervised and involves ethical concerns on a daily basis. (cnrs.fr)
  • In order to conduct animal experiments in Sweden, researchers must first apply for permission to an animal experiment ethical review board, which will run an ethical review of the proposed research study. (lu.se)
  • The research is to be conducted according to a protocol which has been reviewed and approved by the regional animal experiment ethical review board in Malmö/Lund. (lu.se)
  • He suggests that Neanderthals such as homo erectus were crossbred with another species, perhaps from Alpha Centauri, which is the closest star system to our solar system, some 4.37 light years away from the sun. (typepad.com)
  • Dr Ellis suggests Neanderthals such as homo erectus were crossbred with another species, perhaps from Alpha Centauri. (typepad.com)
  • it entails preventing and treating disease in one species in order to indirectly prevent and treat disease in another species [3]. (who.int)
  • Under this Virginia statute, it is unlawful to engage in computer-assisted remote hunting or provide or operate a facility that allows others to engage in computer-assisted remote hunting if the wild animal or wild bird being hunted or shot is located in the Commonwealth. (animallaw.info)
  • Jon Sadler is a biogeographer and ecologist whose research focuses on species population and assemblage dynamics in animals (sometimes plants). (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • A toxin is any poisonous substance of microbial (bacteria or other tiny plants or animals), vegetable, or synthetic chemical origin that reacts with specific cellular components to kill cells, alter growth or development, or kill the organism. (cdc.gov)
  • And then there are vegans, fanatics who vehemently claim we should not eat any animal-based foods at all and so make the consumption of nutritious eggs taboo. (notrickszone.com)
  • I am on principle sympathetic with those who, it seems to me, are in the right and have good reasons to rise up against the way animals are treated: in industrial production, in slaughter, in consumption, in experimentation. (erudit.org)
  • Lupinus species are broadly divided into bitter lupins, which contain high levels of alkaloids in their seeds, and sweet lupins, which contain lower levels of alkaloids and are cultivated for human consumption. (medscape.com)
  • Though the average consumer may be vaguely aware of scientific or commercial testing on animals, as you read in the previous section, the realities are far worse than they can probably imagine. (caringconsumer.com)
  • In the sections below I've highlighted some startling statistics about the use of animals in scientific research. (caringconsumer.com)
  • Ideally, this would replace poorly informed debate, minimize invective and balance the world's drive for scientific advance with the need to ensure animal protections. (cbsnews.com)
  • The ultimate goal of the project was to improve the ethical aspects of using animals for scientific purposes and improve the research integrity of preclinical studies. (norecopa.no)
  • In this regard, a comprehensive 7-day intensive course consisted of 45 hours of teaching was delivered to train teaching methods and topics on the care and use of animals for scientific purposes. (norecopa.no)
  • Guideline for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes in Iran and other pertinent national and international legislations. (norecopa.no)
  • This database, created in 2000, is updated every three months with newly published scientific articles, books, and other publications related to improving or safeguarding the welfare of animals used in research. (awionline.org)
  • entitled "One health: perspectives on ethical issues and evidence from animal experiments" [1], touches on a number of important points, but fails to go far enough in exploring the innovative nature of a One Health approach to a number of scientific and ethical issues related to the overlap of human and animal health. (who.int)
  • Ranging from atoms, cells, and cognition to Roman law and gender stereotypes, all fields of knowledge come under the scrutiny of the scientific method, which tests theories through experimentation and argumentation. (cnrs.fr)
  • The experiments do not serve the well-being of the animal, but aim to answer a wide variety of the researcher's scientific questions. (aerzte-gegen-tierversuche.de)
  • Animals are used to address even the most devious scientific inquiries, driven more by a sense of tradition than by any meaningfulness. (aerzte-gegen-tierversuche.de)
  • This is due to the fact that, as proven by many scientific studies, the transferability of findings from animal experiments to humans is by no means assured. (aerzte-gegen-tierversuche.de)
  • Animal experiments are used for scientific purposes, mostly within research in medicine and science. (lu.se)
  • That animal experimentation costs about $20 billion of taxpayer money annually. (caringconsumer.com)
  • Notably in animal experi- animal experiments ments where welfare remains an issue, One Health is a concept based on a there is an additional motive to reduce systems approach which amalgamates Around 50 to 100 million vertebrate the numbers of animals that undergo the "collaborative effort of multiple animals are used worldwide annually experiments or are sacrificed. (who.int)
  • However, what many people forget are the great numbers of animals that have suffered serious harm during the process of animal testing. (123helpme.com)
  • A compre- interventions providing evidence of a tain comparable levels of information hensive literature review by Taylor et treatment effect, either benefit or harm, from fewer animals or to obtain more al. (who.int)
  • According to the American Anti-Vivisection Society , guinea pigs are the most common research animals, representing 22% of all animal experiments. (caringconsumer.com)
  • If you're not already fed up with how cruel-and potentially wasteful -animal testing is, keep reading. (caringconsumer.com)
  • The areas to be controlled should include the welfare of laboratory animals, and a halt to wasteful public funding of unnecessary research, such as duplicative experiments. (cagreens.org)
  • Some argue that intelligent self-awareness is an ecological niche that can only sustainably hold a single species, explaining why the Neanderthals and our other human cousins were wiped out …and assimilated. (blogspot.com)
  • Unfortunately, monkeys are still bred in the U.S. and killed for pointless experiments, so every nominee who uses their pillow will bring us a step closer to ending cruel tests on animals. (peta.org)
  • Possessing knowledge of the developmental, anatomical, physiological and behavioral characteristics, genetic modification, and research applications of fish species. (universiteitleiden.nl)
  • The development and sophistication of human language are essential characteristics for our species. (bvsalud.org)
  • Establish procedures to develop greater public scrutiny of all animal research. (cagreens.org)
  • Zoonoses are important threats to human and animal health, and animal research has played a role in assessing risk across species. (who.int)
  • The IXA has identified three major ethical areas that require adequate attention: favorable risk and benefit assessment supported by pre-clinical data, lack of alternative treatment for participants, and minimizing the risk of infection by ensuring the highest biosafety regulations are followed for selected animal donors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some also worry that problematic aspects of certain species' natures, such as chimpanzees' violence and dolphins' inclination for rape, would carry on into their intelligent forms. (blogspot.com)
  • As the name implies, animal testing involves carrying out tests on animals. (caringconsumer.com)
  • Thus, while the numbers of some species reported in the Animal Welfare Assurances have risen, this may reflect the overall increase in research and not that a larger proportion of the funded research involves animals," she said. (cbsnews.com)
  • Approaching zoonotic and environmental risks from a One Health perspective involves considering what research and disease control and prevention methods are mutually beneficial to humans, animals and the environment. (who.int)
  • According to those numbers from the Cruelty Free International report about animal experimentation, the top ten countries amount to using 69.7 million animals for animal experiments every year. (caringconsumer.com)
  • Included are provisions that each animal shelter must obtain a signed statement from each of its directors, operators, and staff specifying that the individual has never been convicted of animal cruelty, neglect, or abandonment. (animallaw.info)
  • Included in the provisions are recordkeeping requirements, a requirement that each agency receives a signed statement from each of its directors, operators, staff, or animal caregivers specifying that each individual has never been convicted of animal cruelty, neglect, or abandonment, and owner notice provisions. (animallaw.info)
  • and the Cruelty to Animals Act which was passed in 1876 (Franklin). (123helpme.com)
  • The study estimated that 17 million to 100 million animals are still used in laboratories. (cbsnews.com)
  • This shows how not only many laboratories and companies that use animals in their experiments are wasting money and time, but also wasting countless lives of animals. (123helpme.com)
  • Utilizing the unlimited blood supply from animal sources eliminates the risk of transmitting infectious diseases between humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • 9. Alternative methods based on nonmammalian vertebrates and invertebrate (attention is addressed to the lower species that have brought significant hints of novelty in research relating to numerous human diseases). (uninsubria.eu)
  • Doing tests on animals can help find ways to cure diseases, but testing on them is wrong. (123helpme.com)
  • Although we want to find cures for diseases to help many people, testing on animals not only brutally hurts them but it also denies the animals the rights they have. (123helpme.com)
  • One Health is a comparative clinical approach which promotes better collaboration between human and animal health professionals in order to reduce the spread of zoonotic diseases. (who.int)
  • The efficacy of therapeutic interventions for zoonotic diseases is deemed to be comparable across species with scientifically valid results originating from a range of animal experiments. (who.int)
  • Quinolizidine and isoquinoline are a widely distributed, heterogeneous group of alkaloids with members of each group having known toxicity to humans and domestic animals. (medscape.com)
  • The scientists were unable to provide a specific time frame for when the technology might produce significant results or predict how many fewer animals would be used in testing if their effort is a success. (scientificamerican.com)
  • Where unwanted companion animals are being killed in shelters, we advocate mandatory spay and neuter laws. (cagreens.org)
  • Although there needs to be additional studies on the topic, some scientists are favoring Sus scrofa domesticus (pigs) as a source of blood for transfusions after having tested many different animals in order to find the best candidate for a blood donation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The plan is for you to employ the best writing practices showcased by our professional authors in order to come up with your own top-notch animal rights essay. (wowessays.com)
  • It rather serves as a basis for requirements that need to be met in order to use animals in experiments. (aerzte-gegen-tierversuche.de)
  • In order to uplift a species, it would be necessary to make changes to the DNA on an embryonic level, leading to inevitable failed attempts before we got it right. (blogspot.com)
  • Under strict supervision of licensed personnel, the student is allowed to perform basic procedures on laboratory or wild fish species. (universiteitleiden.nl)
  • Basic research has accounted for more than half of all animal experiments in Germany for years. (aerzte-gegen-tierversuche.de)
  • One of the primary ways to test the toxicology of a compound has been to inject it into a lab animal, see if the animal gets sick, and then conduct an autopsy to observe the damage done to their internal organs. (scientificamerican.com)
  • A spokesman for the National Institute of Health dismissed the study, saying the methods could not be used to quantify the numbers of animals being used in research. (cbsnews.com)
  • Animal experiments are only permitted where no alternative methods are available. (lu.se)
  • Some theorists, such as George Dvorsky, argue that we have a moral imperative to raise other species to our level of intelligence once we possess the technological means to do so. (blogspot.com)
  • The human monopoly on sentient thought gives us an unfair and unjust advantage over our animal neighbors, and if the means exist to allow non-humans like apes, dolphins, and elephants to achieve the cognitive means of political participation, it is our moral duty to extend it to them. (blogspot.com)
  • It uses approaches that combine detailed field studies, field and laboratory experimentation, sometimes with social science to examine the links between environmental variability and species (including humans) responses. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Museum of Nonhumanity approaches animalization as a nexus that connects xenophobia, sexism, racism, transphobia, and the abuse of nature and other animals. (punctumbooks.com)
  • The touring museum hosts lecture programs in which local civil rights and animal rights organizations, academics, artists, and activists propose paths to a more inclusive society through intersectional approaches. (punctumbooks.com)
  • The descriptions of both fundamental and well-developed techniques of animal experimentation in various research fields should be useful to graduate students and experienced scientists who must consider variations in research approaches. (elsevier.com)
  • This is expected to generate data more relevant to humans, expand the number of chemicals tested and reduce the time, money and number of animals involved in current lab studies. (scientificamerican.com)
  • But they acknowledged that some animal testing will continue at least until the technology proves its mettle in large-scale studies or until Congress passes a substance regulation act similar to the European Union's (E.U.) Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals, or ( REACH ), which regulates chemicals and their safe use. (scientificamerican.com)
  • Despite years of use, animal-based phototoxicity studies have never been properly validated to establish their relevance to people or even made into a standardized test guideline. (peta.org)
  • In fact, the only internationally recognized guideline for phototoxicity studies is the non-animal, cell-based test described below. (peta.org)
  • In Europe, the 3T3 neutral red uptake (NRU) phototoxicity test was developed and validated to show its applicability and relevance to humans and has since been accepted at the international level as a total replacement for animal-based phototoxicity studies. (peta.org)
  • Animal studies, prompted by the clandestine synthesis of METHYL-MA, have shown that there is indeed locomotor stimulation and some central effects, but these effects are somehow different than those of a simple amphetamine-like agent. (drugwiki.net)
  • However, there are research studies in which animal experiments provide us with knowledge that we are not yet able to acquire in any other way. (lu.se)
  • Ethical obligations limit the number of animals used in experiments as well as reduce repetition of studies. (who.int)
  • Regarding animal models in ASD, many studies focus on gene expression, cortical neuronal migration and cell maturation, and neural network deficits. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, very few studies directly link animal oral communication and gene expression in cortical areas of language. (bvsalud.org)
  • The object of our study aimed to review and to correlate genes involved in ASD and those related to ultrasonic communication in animal model studies of language-based social behavior at the PubMed database. (bvsalud.org)