Species gene to chromosome. Medical search. Frequent questions

Despite our relative complexity as organisms, humans do not necessarily have more genes or chromosomes than other species. (exploringnature.org)
In a complex organism like humans, those 35,000 genes must act in concert with one another in many different combinations at many different times," Magnuson said. (sciencedaily.com)
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes that differentiate between males and females. (wikipedia.org)
One locus important in embryogenesis, KIT , has been associated with white coat patterns in several mammalian species and piebaldism in humans. (creation.com)
Scientists often use different strains of mice as animal models to study human diseases because most genes in humans have similar counterparts in mice. (nih.gov)
Humans and mice have very similar genomes, but the chromosomes that make up those genomes do not precisely align across those two species. (nih.gov)
Among all fungal species, yeasts are the best-studied and easiest to domesticate by humans. (eurekalert.org)
As an example, chimpanzees have one more chromosome than humans do. (rationalwiki.org)
The smallest chromosome in humans, the men-specific Y chromosome, has just been sequenced after considerable hurdles. (theconversation.com)
The Y chromosome, that little chain of genes that determines the sex of humans, is not as tough as you might think. (theconversation.com)
DNA for each species is unique, which is why humans only create other humans, kangaroos make other kangaroos, and daisies produce only other daisies and not tulips. (dnacenter.com)
Humans and chimpanzees share 96% of their genes ! (dnacenter.com)
This may be due to the loss of intestinal lactase in adulthood, a condition transmitted by an autosomal recessive gene, which differs in humans according to race. (researchgate.net)
The researchers found that about a third of all the changes that have taken place on the X chromosome since humans and chimpanzees diverged approximately four to six million years ago have been beneficial for the chimpanzee. (scienceblog.com)
They also provide an explanation of previous studies in which it was observed that the X chromosome behaved strangely during the speciation process of humans and chimpanzees, in that it was considerably less variable than the remaining chromosomes. (scienceblog.com)
By closely studying all the chimpanzee genes, the researchers found examples of natural selection in the remaining chimpanzee chromosomes all being associated with genes that are important for the immune system, including a gene that gives partial resistance to HIV in humans. (scienceblog.com)
Genetic diseases that are linked to gene mutations on the X CHROMOSOME in humans (X CHROMOSOME, HUMAN) or the X CHROMOSOME in other species. (bvsalud.org)

The genome assemblies and functional annotations of scallop species are also available in the MolluscDB database ( http://mgbase.qnlm.ac/page/download/download ). (nature.com)
We've learned from the human genome projects that there are far fewer genes than were originally estimated, roughly 35,000. (sciencedaily.com)
So understanding how genes are regulated in terms of their expression, how they are turned on and off, and if they are off how they are maintained in that 'off' state, becomes critical in the post-genome era of understanding gene function. (sciencedaily.com)
Findings: We report the chromosome-scale genome assembly of Callicarpa americana L. (American beautyberry), a species within the early diverging Callicarpoideae clade of the Lamiaceae, known for its metallic purple fruits and use as an insect repellent due to its production of terpenoids. (datadryad.org)
Whole genome duplication analyses revealed three putative events, which together with local tandem duplication events, contributed to gene family expa, American beautyberransion of terpene synthases. (datadryad.org)
Conclusions: Access to the C. americana genome provides a roadmap for rapid discovery of genes encoding plant-derived agrichemicals and a key resource to understand the evolution of chemical diversity in Lamiaceae. (datadryad.org)
An additional chromosome 21 adds an extra copy of over 200 protein-coding genes to that person's genome, which causes difficulties with learning, speech and motor skills. (nih.gov)
Importantly, the previous mouse model's genome contains 45 extra genes that are irrelevant to human Down syndrome, a byproduct of how the model was developed. (nih.gov)
Here, we use a computational approach to perform genome-wide identification and analysis of 611 orthologues of the Arabidopsis thaliana flowering genes. (springer.com)
Conservation of the genes belonging to the photoperiod, gibberellin and autonomous pathways was observed, while orthologues of the key genes found in the vernalisation pathway (FRI, FLC) were absent from the quinoa genome. (springer.com)
2003 ). In 2017, the first chromosome-scale reference genome sequence of quinoa was published, and it has provided the much-needed resource for plant biologists to design molecular breeding and crop improvement programs for quinoa (Jarvis et al. (springer.com)
In participating UK research institutions, investigators can publish open access in Genome Research, Genes & Development, RNA, and Learning & Memory without article publication charges and all staff can read the entire renowned Cold Spring Harbor journal collection. (cshlpress.com)
This does not apply to the remaining twenty-two chromosomes in the genome, because both males and females have two copies of each of these. (scienceblog.com)
The construction of BAC-based physical maps of individual chromosomes reduces the complexity of this allohexaploid genome, enables elucidation of gene space and evolutionary relationships, provides tools for map-based cloning, and serves as a framework for reference sequencing efforts. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we provide a chromosome-specific view into the organization and evolution of the D genome of bread wheat, in comparison to one of its ancestors, revealing recent genome rearrangements. (biomedcentral.com)
In the absence of a finished quality genome sequence, insights into wheat genome structure and function have been accumulating through survey sequencing of individual chromosomes or chromosome-specific Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) libraries. (biomedcentral.com)
Thirty protein coding genes were predicted in this 40,239-bp-long genome, which encodes the largest fiber protein among all reported aviadenoviruses. (bvsalud.org)

Quinolone resistance is frequently caused by mutations in DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV chromosomal genes and an increased activity of efflux pumps that reduce intracellular concentrations of the drug ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
MCSZ is caused by mutations in the PNKP gene. (medlineplus.gov)
PNKP gene mutations lead to production of an unstable enzyme that is quickly broken down in the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. (medlineplus.gov)
Many mutations have been identified in each of the species studied. (creation.com)
Mutations in these genes affect proteins involved in the signaling pathway for pigment production and explain a large amount of the color variation in mammals. (creation.com)
To create our novel plasmids, we built derivatives of the conjugative plasmid, pTA-Mob 2.0, using designed gene deletions and cluster mutations to improve bacterial conjugation with yeasts ," explained Dr. Bogumil J. Karas, Assistant Professor at University of Western Ontario and corresponding author of the study that was published in Volume 2022 of BioDesign Research on 1 September 2022 . (eurekalert.org)
The mutations that contributed to this increased efficiency were found to be in the promoter region of the conjugative gene traJ . (eurekalert.org)
Intelligent-design proponents may accept some aspects of common descent, as long as they are allowed to claim that a "designer" interfered with the genes and mutations along the way, then deferring what's not explained to "we don't know" what happened. (rationalwiki.org)
Mutations of this gene are associated with distal myopathy 2, which often includes vocal cord and pharyngeal weakness. (nih.gov)
This was already known regarding deleterious mutations on the X chromosome, e.g. colour blindness as a recessive trait and therefore only occurring in men. (scienceblog.com)
However, the new results show that this must also be the case for the more interesting beneficial mutations, i.e. those that develop a species over a period of time. (scienceblog.com)
The emm43.4/PBP2x-T553K variant, comprised of two isolates, displayed the most significant phenotype (ampicillin MIC 0.25 g/ml) and harbored missense mutations within 3 non-PBP genes with known involvement in antibiotic efflux, membrane insertion of PBP2x, and peptidoglycan remodeling. (cdc.gov)

Here, we profile eight genomes of the bivalve mollusc family of Pectinidae in a phylogenetic context and show 350 million years sex-chromosome homomorphy, which is the oldest known sex-chromosome homomorphy in the animal kingdom, far exceeding the ages of well-known heteromorphic sex chromosomes such as 130-200 million years in mammals, birds and flies. (nature.com)
But a smaller proportion of the time they actually do add the males genomes, and so then the offspring come out with extra chromosomes. (scientificamerican.com)
Endogenous retroviral insertions - Ancient retroviruses inserted inactivated viral genes into genomes . (rationalwiki.org)
Data for this research includes hundreds of re-sequenced genomes from three endangered species, complemented by chromosome-level assemblies, offering a robust foundation for comprehensive genomic analyses. (lu.se)

An analysis of the genes of twelve chimpanzees has now demonstrated that the chimpanzee X chromosome plays a very special role in the animal's development. (scienceblog.com)
By sequencing all the genes in twelve chimpanzees from Central Africa, the researchers demonstrated that beneficial variants are accumulated on the X chromosome in particular. (scienceblog.com)

What was previously thought as the best mouse model of Down syndrome has traits derived from genes that are not relevant to human chromosome 21. (nih.gov)
The aim of this study was thus to detect genes linked to flowering but also linked to relevant traits within each flowering group. (frontiersin.org)

The evolutionary dynamics of sex chromosomes suggest a mechanism for 'inheritance' turnover of sex-determining genes that is mediated by translocation of a sex-determining enhancer. (nature.com)

Sex-limited heredity[Sex limited heredity] The Mendelian factor, or gene, that determined white eyes was located on the same chromosome as the gene that determined male sex, or, as it turned out, on the male chromosome. (wikisummaries.org)
The discovery of sex-limited heredity revealed the association of Mendelian genes with chromosomes and the function of chromosomes in heredity. (wikisummaries.org)
Following the discovery of sex-limited heredity, Morgan saw that a concerted effort would be required to expound fully the Mendelian chromosome theory, and he therefore enlisted a group of exceptional students to share the work in his so-called fly room. (wikisummaries.org)

The new mouse model, known as Ts66Yah, has a minichromosome with over a hundred genes from mouse chromosome 16 attached to the centromere region of mouse chromosome 17. (nih.gov)
The previous mouse model has an additional region of mouse chromosome 17 that contains 45 extra genes not found on human chromosome 21. (nih.gov)

The number of chromosomes and the gene locus on the chromosome is unique to each species. (wikipedia.org)
2013), a human cell gene mutation assay in the TK locus (Budinsky et al. (europa.eu)
A human cell gene mutation assay in the HPRT locus is also available, although experimental methodology is limited (Budinsky et al. (europa.eu)
The location of this clock gene was delimited by the molecular mapping of chromosome aberrations at or very near the per locus. (nih.gov)
To resolve phylogenetic relationships among ries of bacterial clonal complexes by using concatenated isolates, we sequenced 68 isolates from Europe and North sequences of housekeeping genes when within-loci and America at 1 chromosomal locus (16S-23S ribosomal RNA between-loci recombinations are infrequent ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)

The long-term undifferentiation of molluscan sex chromosomes is potentially sustained by the unexpected intertwined regulation of reversible sex-biased genes, together with the lack of sexual dimorphism and occasional sex chromosome turnover. (nature.com)
The research group Genetics of Sex Differences is interested in sexual selection and sexual conflict, the evolution of sexual dimorphism, and sex chromosome evolution. (lu.se)

The qnr VC homologs in chromosomes of other bacterial species were investigated by using BLAST analysis ( www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast/Blast.cgi ). (cdc.gov)
Vinyl acetate was negative in bacterial gene mutation assays using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537, with and without rat liver S-9 activation. (europa.eu)
Vinyl acetate was shown to be negative in bacterial gene mutation assays using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537, with and without rat liver S-9 activation. (europa.eu)
Plasmid delivery through conjugation between bacterial species has proven effective in creating novel antimicrobial agents, targeting specific genes to eliminate or suppress pathogens. (eurekalert.org)
This enhanced conjugation was further replicated with a different bacterial species- Sinorhizobium meliloti, as the pSC5-carrying donor, suggesting that this mechanism can be used with different bacteria. (eurekalert.org)
The A and B clones of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stric- maintenance of these clonal complexes in natural bacterial to, distinguished by outer surface protein C ( ospC ) gene populations ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Current estimates of the number of bacterial species range from 1 to 1000 million. (lu.se)
The realization of the vastness of bacterial diversity and the development of novel experimental techniques have propelled molecular microbiology into a new era of investigation This course provides insights into how genes are organized and regulated in bacteria and in their viruses. (lu.se)

Reported cases are few in number, and the phenotype expression for ring chromosome 15 syndrome occurs over a wide spectrum. (wikipedia.org)
We are testing the hypothesis that specific transcription factors form regulatory networks to execute gene expression programs important for SSC fate decisions (self-renewal and differentiation), and ultimately, spermatogenesis. (utsa.edu)
Many animal species employ sex chromosomes to determine sex and start gender specific gene expression programs. (erasmusmc.nl)
As a consequence, expression of X linked genes will potentially be two-fold higher in female compared to male cells. (erasmusmc.nl)

Each time the cells split, they had to make exact copies of each of your chromosomes with all their thousands of genes. (msdmanuals.com)

Plasmids are small genetic structures that are independent from the chromosomes and can replicate on their own. (eurekalert.org)
In response to this unmet requirement, a team of researchers from Canada have developed and optimized the transfer of superior conjugative plasmids between bacteria and different yeast species via conjugation. (eurekalert.org)
The team first optimized this plasmid for bacteria-to-yeast conjugation by deleting 55 genes or small genetic regions to create four streamlined plasmids: M1-M4, with two clones each. (eurekalert.org)
Thereafter, five derivative plasmids of M3C1 were created containing the traJ mutation, including the pSuperCon5 (pSC5) plasmid with additional elements for improved conjugative transfer to diverse yeast species and diatoms. (eurekalert.org)

Qnr-like proteins coded by chromosomal genes have been found in Vibrionaceae , and this family has been identified as the source of qnr genes ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Genetic relationships of plasmid- and chromosome-encoded qnr proteins. (cdc.gov)
For example, the yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( S. cerevisiae ) is not only used as the primary fermenter for beer, bread and wine, but is also a critical component in the production of insulin, vaccines, and essential recombinant proteins. (eurekalert.org)
The course comprises molecular biology of genes, proteins, multicomponent protein complexes, and other biomolecules that provide structure and perform the organism's functions. (lu.se)

If the gene is mutated in a way that is less severe, where the protein is still produced and still functions but not to optimal efficiency, then the animals come to term and are susceptible to developing leukemias. (sciencedaily.com)
This complex gene codes for a complex protein important in a number of pathways. (creation.com)
This complex organization of the gene reflects the complex nature of the protein receptor it produces. (creation.com)
Some genes no longer code for a protein due to a mutation or error. (rationalwiki.org)
This gene encodes a nuclear matrix protein, which is proposed to stabilize certain messenger RNA species. (nih.gov)
Alternatively spliced transcript variants, including read-through transcripts composed of the upstream small nucleolar RNA host gene 4 (non-protein coding) and matrin 3 gene sequence, have been identified. (nih.gov)
A gene is a segment of DNA that provides the code to construct a protein or RNA molecule. (msdmanuals.com)
We analysed the genomic sequences to identify serotypes and penicillin-binding protein (PBP) genes 1A, 2B and 2X, and other resistance determinants, to predict minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, co-trimoxazole and tetracycline. (cdc.gov)

A study authored by UNC researchers and published in the August issue of "Nature Genetics" furthers the understanding of a fundamental biological process in mammals and contributes important new knowledge to gene regulation in the developing embryo. (sciencedaily.com)
As female mammals have two X chromosomes (XX) and males an X and Y (XY), imbalance occurs because female embryos have twice as many X-linked genes. (sciencedaily.com)
So far, well over three hundred genes have been identified as affecting coat color in mammals. (creation.com)
In mammals female cells have two X chromosomes, whereas male cells carry an X and Y chromosome. (erasmusmc.nl)
In mammals this involves upregulation of dosage sensitive X-linked genes, and inactivation of one X chromosome in every female somatic cell. (erasmusmc.nl)

Based upon an equal result in the tests of all oils from the Citrus category, the results of the available gene mutation tests in mammalian cells with a citrus oil can be read across to the other oils. (europa.eu)
For both orange oil and lemon oil, the gene mutation study in mammalian cells was negative. (europa.eu)

citation needed] Any of the 23 pairs of chromosomes can be ringed, and a recent study conducted by the 'Human Ring Chromosome Registry' in China revealed that the more frequent forms of ring chromosomes reported were 13, 15, 18, and 22. (wikipedia.org)
We have established two gel running conditions for optimal separation of chromosomes, which resolved DNA molecules as large as 2,500 kilobase pairs (kb). (fiocruz.br)
Meanwhile, researchers had discovered an odd-shaped chromosome (all other chromosomes occurred in similarly shaped pairs) that seemed to be related to male sex (now called the Y chromosome). (wikisummaries.org)
Typically, human beings have 23 pairs of chromosomes in each cell. (dnacenter.com)
Except for certain cells (for example, sperm and egg cells and red blood cells), the cell nucleus contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
Cells contain 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs. (msdmanuals.com)

However, evidence suggests that when there is deletion of genetic information at the distal unstable ends where the subtelomeric structures fuse, syndromes associated with that particular chromosome arise. (wikipedia.org)
Polytene chromosomes are structures found in highly specialized tissues in some animal and plant species, which are amplified through successive cycles of endoreduplication, finally producing several copies of each chromosome. (scielo.br)
Chromosomes-which appear as stringlike structures within cells-had been discovered by cell researchers in the 1850's. (wikisummaries.org)
Chromosomes are the structures that contain your genes and are within each cell. (msdmanuals.com)

The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. (medlineplus.gov)

SCORING OF CHROMOSOME DAMAGE: Where possible the first 100 consecutive well-spread metaphases from each culture were counted, where there were approximately 30 to 50% of cells with aberrations, slide evaluation was terminated at 50 cells. (europa.eu)

The pleiotropic constraint of regulation of reversible sex-biased genes is widely present in ancient homomorphic sex chromosomes and might be resolved in heteromorphic sex chromosomes through gene duplication followed by subfunctionalization. (nature.com)
Jablonka, E. & Lamb, M. J. The evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes. (nature.com)
Daish, T. & Grützner, F. Evolution and meiotic organization of heteromorphic sex chromosomes. (nature.com)
It is difficult to study these processes in old, already highly heteromorphic, sex chromosomes. (lu.se)

And they will actually pick up the sperm at offers that are produced by the males of the other species that just triggers egg development. (scientificamerican.com)
Ring chromosome syndromes are rare congenital disorders that are likely to occur in both males and females, and the symptoms can be observed from birth since it arises during the embryonic stage. (wikipedia.org)
Males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, while females have two X chromosomes. (scienceblog.com)
On the other hand, the males only have one X chromosome and it is expressed immediately, thus enabling natural selection to 'catch sight' of it. (scienceblog.com)
Sexually antagonistic genetic variation is when the same gene variant has opposite effects on the fitness of males and females. (lu.se)

Nigéria, en décembre 2022 et publie depuis lors des rapports mensuels. (who.int)

With the rise of DNA sequencing, biologists were able to compare the sequences of genes shared by animals to construct a family tree that illustrates how animals and their genes evolved over time since the earliest animals arose in the Precambrian Period. (scienceblog.com)

Our analysis indicated that on average each Arabidopsis flowering gene has two orthologous copies in quinoa. (springer.com)
Chromosomes appear only immediately prior to cell division and are made up of 2 exact copies of genetic material (chromatids). (perkins.org)
The project will explore the hypothesis that duplicated sequences offer genetic redundancy, potentially crucial for survival post-bottleneck, by providing backup gene copies for essential functions or evolving new ones. (lu.se)

Determination of number/position of chromosome-sized bands and chromosomal DNA locations of housekeeping genes were the two criteria used for differentiating and classifying the Leishmania species. (fiocruz.br)
Members of the family Vibrionaceae are characterized by superintegrons (SIs), which are chromosomal genetic elements containing a variety of gene cassettes with nearly identical attC sites (e.g. (cdc.gov)

The report notes that the gene, eed, when functioning normally in female mouse embryos, keeps the paternal X chromosome inactive and many of its genes shut down in early placental cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Once the paternal X chromosome is shut down, then the cells must continue to divide and keep it shut down. (sciencedaily.com)
This gene is also involved in telling cells where to go in the embryo - to make head versus tail versus gut. (sciencedaily.com)
Without this gene functioning in the proper way, those cells move to the wrong place. (sciencedaily.com)
In plants, polytene chromosomes have been observed in only a few species, and seemed to be restricted to ovary and immature seed tissues, e.g., in Phaseolus coccineus and P. vulgaris (Nagl, 1981), until relatively recently, when they were observed in the cells of the anther tapetum of Vigna unguiculata (Guerra and Carvalheira, 1994) and of some Phaseolus species (Carvalheira and Guerra, 1994). (scielo.br)
With the discovery of the polytenics in tapetum tissue, it was observed that in many other species of various angiosperm families the tapetal cells also display polytene, polyploid or both types of nuclei. (scielo.br)
The endomitotic cycle (endomitosis) starts with a normal prophase (endoprophase), after which the chromosome contracts further (endometaphase), their sister chromatids separate from each other (endoanaphase) and decondense to assume the interphase nuclear structure, resulting in polyploid cells, with double the chromosome number (endopolyploidy) at the end of each cycle. (scielo.br)
Cells with chromosome abberations were reviewed as necessary by a senior cytogenticist prior to decoding the slides. (europa.eu)
In addition, cells with 69 chromosomes or more were scored as polyploid cells and the incidence of polyploid cells (%) reported. (europa.eu)
Here, variation in a gene affecting the development and movement of pigment cells, KIT , is examined. (creation.com)
Other genes affecting coloration are involved in pigment production or development (i.e. regulating the development and migration of pigment cells during embryogenesis). (creation.com)
Therefore, intricate mechanisms are established to equalize the dosage of X-linked genes between male and female cells. (erasmusmc.nl)
They can be used to introduce synthetic, modified genes into the cells of other organisms. (eurekalert.org)
All cells in an organism have the same genetic content, but the genes used (expressed) by the cell may be regulated in different ways. (perkins.org)

The Y is a small chromosome with not more than 70 coding genes, in contrast to the X chromosome harbours more than 1000 genes. (erasmusmc.nl)

Other studies have shown that the gene Xist is responsible for putting the molecular brakes only on the X chromosome. (sciencedaily.com)
The molecular karyotypes for 20 reference strains of species complexes of Leishmania were determined by contour-clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) electrophoresis. (fiocruz.br)
We performed a molecular cytogenetic investigation of the scleractinian coral Acropora solitaryensis, which is dominant in the temperate region of Japan (30-35°N). Molecular cytogenetic analysis, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), was carried out for karyotyping and gene mapping. (bioone.org)
However, current knowledge of the molecular basis of quinoa flowering is limited and the details of flowering genes and associated pathways in quinoa remain elusive (Jarvis et al. (springer.com)
Different clonal complexes may prefer molecular markers provides a more robust inference on different host species ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the cell's genetic material, contained in chromosomes within the cell nucleus and mitochondria. (msdmanuals.com)

To create an enhanced mouse model of Down syndrome, researchers at the University of Strasbourg, France, removed these extra 45 genes using CRISPR gene-editing technology. (nih.gov)
In a new study published this week in the journal Nature , researchers use a novel approach based on chromosome structure to come up with a definitive answer: Comb jellies, or ctenophores (teen'-a-fores), were the first lineage to branch off from the animal tree. (scienceblog.com)
One of the most important questions for evolution researchers is how a species develops and adapts during the course of time. (scienceblog.com)

By comparative genomic hybridization using DNA from sperm and unfertilized eggs of this coral, we offer evidence suggesting the existence of sex chromosomes in this species. (bioone.org)
However, such efforts are constrained by technical and biological limitations due to the genomic incompatibilities among the species. (usda.gov)
Combining this result with comparative genomic analysis of all aviadenoviruses, we propose that this owl virus and the previously described Japanese owl adenovirus can be assigned to two new species in the genus Aviadenovirus. (bvsalud.org)

Their populations can grow really fast, but they have this mechanism to add additional genetic variation that they're able to grab from these species that they coexist with. (scientificamerican.com)
We therefore attempt to study the early evolution of sex chromosomes using a variety of methods, including characterization of new portions of the sex chromosome in natural populations, and experimental evolution of sex chromosomes in the lab. (lu.se)

Des isolats suspects de Staphylococcus ont d'abord été identifiés par l'analyse biochimique classique, puis les souches confirmées par amplification en chaîne par polymérase (29 isolats de S. aureus et 17 isolats de S. saprophyticus) ont été analysées pour déterminer leur sensibilité aux différents antimicrobiens. (who.int)

The X and Y chromosomes originated as identical autosomes, non-sex chromosomes. (mitadmissions.org)
The chromosome is composed of two identical chromatids attached at the centromere. (perkins.org)

FISH mapping of the rRNA gene was carried out with a probe generated by PCR amplification using rRNA gene primers. (bioone.org)
Data from 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that CF@MIL-101-SL treatment reduced the resistance of S. frugiperda to pesticides and pathogens and affected nutrient and energy availability by remodeling the intestinal microbiota of S. frugiperda. (bvsalud.org)

Individuals have two of each chromosome and hence two alleles of each gene, one acquired from each parent. (perkins.org)
Here we report for the first time on the development of a set of unique genetic materials by infusing beneficial alleles from three different species in a common genetic background of Upland cotton. (usda.gov)

Charlesworth, B. The evolution of sex chromosomes. (nature.com)
We highlight the relevance of eco-evolutionary theory used in conjunction with integrative taxonomy approaches to improve the understanding of interactions between environment, ecology, and evolution that give rise to distinct species boundaries. (frontiersin.org)
I've been interested in sex determination and sex chromosome evolution since my senior year of high school, when I was lucky to be introduced to genomics by Dr. Kateryna Makova. (mitadmissions.org)
In this study, we constructed the first comprehensive physical map of wheat chromosome arm 5DS, thereby exploring its gene space organization and evolution. (biomedcentral.com)
Sexual antagonism is also thought to be a key factor in the evolution of sex chromosomes. (lu.se)

A gene discovered by scientists at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill appears to be crucial for female embryo survival. (sciencedaily.com)
This conserved state screams common ancestry, and the field of evolutionary development has expanded our knowledge of developmental genes and their consequent embryo ontogeny to amazing levels of detail, all thanks to acknowledging common descent. (rationalwiki.org)
2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)

gene synonyms (e.g. (genscript.com)

Fig. 5: Divergence of sex chromosome and rSBG duplication across animal groups. (nature.com)

In skin, muscle, fat and more tissues, genes behave differently in men and women. (theconversation.com)
Why does this chromosome behave in such a special way? (scienceblog.com)

Therefore, it has become imperative to study and manipulate the biology of fungal species for critical biotechnological applications, especially the development of antifungal drugs. (eurekalert.org)

Fig. 2: Discovery of oldest known, 350 Myr sex-chromosome homomorphy in scallop. (nature.com)
Thomas Hunt Morgan's experiments on Drosophila led to the discovery of the principles of the gene-chromosome theory of hereditary transmission. (wikisummaries.org)
The discovery that the APP gene is on the 21st chromosome[25] led to the hypothesis that the early and universal development of AD pathology is due to a third copy of the APP gene. (medscape.com)

DNA breaks may be caused by potentially harmful molecules (such as reactive oxygen species) produced during normal cellular functions, natural and medical radiation, or other environmental exposures. (medlineplus.gov)

On the basis of these findings, we propose an evolutionary model for the long-term preservation of homomorphic sex chromosomes. (nature.com)
Fig. 6: Evolutionary model for homomorphy maintenance and heteromorphy transition of sex chromosome. (nature.com)
Nevertheless, evolutionary biologists believe that these groups still share characteristics with the earliest animals, and that studying these early branches of the animal tree of life can shed light on how animals arose and evolved to the diversity of species we see around us today. (scienceblog.com)

It the cell had 44-48 chromosomes, any gaps, breaks or rearrangements were noted according to the simplified system of Savage (1976) recommended in the 1983 UKEMS guidelines for mutagenicity testing. (europa.eu)
They may also occur when chromosomes exchange genetic material in preparation for cell division. (medlineplus.gov)
One key intriguing question in XCI is how a cell determines the number of X chromosomes and initiates XCI. (erasmusmc.nl)
This model will be also be useful in describing the movement of chromosomes during cell division. (perkins.org)
Each and every human cell may contain 10,000 genes made up of DNA, and if you unwound and tied together all the DNA in that cell, it would stretch 6 feet . (dnacenter.com)
Every cell in your body has a copy of each of your genes. (msdmanuals.com)
The way each cell grows and works is controlled by genes. (msdmanuals.com)
Macromolecular synthesis (chromosome structure, cell division and its control). (lu.se)

The overarching goal of species concepts is to provide a framework for the effective and reliable classification of organisms into logical categories. (frontiersin.org)
In sexually reproducing organisms, each parent contributes half of the genes acquired (at random) by the offspring. (perkins.org)

Sequence analysis of the variable region of this class 1 integron showed an aad A2 gene cassette and an ORF similar to qnr determinants. (cdc.gov)
A gene consists of a sequence of bases. (msdmanuals.com)

This gene is activated from the X chromosome that's going to be shut down, which in early placental material is only the X from the father, according to Terry Magnuson, PhD, senior author of the new study and Kenan professor of genetics at UNC-CH School of Medicine. (sciencedaily.com)
The benefits of integrating cross-species systems genetics platforms to advance knowledge in the underlying mechanisms that drive cardiometabolic diseases have been investigated. (elifesciences.org)

Changes are constantly occurring in all species' DNA sequences, and the changes that have a positive effect on an organism tend to be passed on to the next generation. (windows2universe.org)

And in fact, they can also benefit the bacteria because they can contain genes that code for useful functions such as antibiotic resistance and immune evasion. (cdc.gov)

Tandem genes encoding sigma-factors for consecutive steps of development in Bacillus subtilis. (microbiologyresearch.org)

In some species of Phaseolus and Vigna the polytenics are more clearly defined and, therefore, better suited to the study of this type of chromatin organization. (scielo.br)
Genes affecting coat color are relatively easy to discover and study since they obviously affect the appearance of the animal. (creation.com)
There are considerable effects of these extra genes on mouse brain development and behavior," said Faycal Guedj, Ph.D., staff scientist in NHGRI's Center for Precision Health Research and first author of the study. (nih.gov)
A new study of nearly 500,000 individuals finds that many genes affect same-sex behavior, including newly identified candidates that may regulate smell and sex hormones. (theconversation.com)

If the ends of the chromosome fuse with no loss of genetic material, the individual retains the normal phenotype with relatively slight differences. (wikipedia.org)

And these unisex rules will be in the same ponds at the same time as these normal sexually reproducing species. (scientificamerican.com)

So they can have anywhere from two to five full sets of chromosomes from up to five different species. (scientificamerican.com)

These genes are found mainly in Enterobacteriaceae and affect the dynamics of development and acquisition of quinolone resistance. (cdc.gov)

Although each stock had a distinct karyotype, in general the differences found between strains and/or species within each complex were not clear enough for parasite identification. (fiocruz.br)

This research could be useful beyond cotton for exploitation of new and diverse sources of variation for the genetic improvement of other crops such as wheat and rice where a substantial number of chromosome substitution lines are already available. (usda.gov)
This lack of variation can be explained by the fact that natural selection, which actually eliminates variation, works stronger on the X chromosome than on the remaining chromosomes. (scienceblog.com)

Anatomy66

Organisms12

Diseases29

Chemicals and Drugs28

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes170

Disciplines and Occupations1

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Humans17

Genome17

Mutations13

Genomes4

Chimpanzees2

Traits2

Inheritance1

Heredity3

Mouse chromosome2

Locus5

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Bacterial8

Expression4

Thousands of genes1

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Mammalian2

Pairs6

Structures4

Autosomal1

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Males5

20221

Sequences of genes1

Copies3

Chromosomal2

Cells14

10001

Molecular5

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Researchers3

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Staphylococcus1

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