• To maximize the potential disease relevance, genes with a genome-wide significant excess burden of loss-of-function mutations in NPDs such as intellectual disability/developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder, and schizophrenia are the focus. (nih.gov)
  • Given its status as a model species, better understanding the green anole genome could reveal insights into other species. (asu.edu)
  • Comparative genomics analyses were used to infer additional X-linked loci in the green anole, RNAseq data from male and female samples were anayzed to quantify patterns of sex-biased gene expression across the genome, and the extent of dosage compensation on the anole X chromosome was characterized, providing evidence that the sex chromosomes in the green anole are dosage compensated. (asu.edu)
  • In addition, X-linked genes have a lower ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rates than the autosomes when compared to other Anolis species, and pairwise rates of evolution in genes across the anole genome were analyzed. (asu.edu)
  • These newly found MSL-linked sites in the genome were practically exclusively genes that control fly development and have a direct impact on cellular processes involved in organ formation," For example, we observed malformed wings or diminished eyes indicating that the MSL complex is directly regulating genes such as Wingless, which is a master controller of development," says Claudia Keller Valsecchi, first author of the study. (mpg.de)
  • In participating UK research institutions, investigators can publish open access in Genome Research, Genes & Development, RNA, and Learning & Memory without article publication charges and all staff can read the entire renowned Cold Spring Harbor journal collection. (cshlpress.com)
  • In the framework of projects launched in 2009, his group has been producing large amounts of transcriptome and genome (e.g., epigenome) data for a unique collection of tissues from representative mammals and outgroup species (e.g., birds) using next generation sequencing technologies. (genomyx.ch)
  • We are studying the role that normal chromatin structure plays in gene regulation in hematopoietic cells and how its disruption leads to altered development and cancer. (stanford.edu)
  • Our studies have demonstrated that several of the proteins encoded by cellular oncogenes function in fundamental aspects of gene regulation. (stanford.edu)
  • The regulation of gene expression, timing, location, and amount of a given project, ultimately affects the cellular structure and function. (asu.edu)
  • More broadly, gene regulation is the basis for cellular differentiation and development. (asu.edu)
  • The team lead by Asifa Akhtar suggests that the origin of the MSL complex lay in the regulation of these developmental genes and was later reused also to regulate dosage compensation. (mpg.de)
  • Other traits show sex bias in which they are displayed by both males and females but on average show higher expression in one sex (e.g. some behaviors, context-dependent hormone and gene regulation). (biomedcentral.com)
  • It seemed apparent that per gene regulation was directly related to the circadian clock, but the mechanism was still shrouded in mystery. (genestogenomes.org)
  • Evolution of gene regulation in ruminants differs between evolutionary breakpoint regions and homologous synteny blocks. (farre-evogenomicslab.com)
  • His group has been interested in a range of topics related to the functional evolution of genomes from primates (e.g., the emergence of new genes and their functions) and other mammals (e.g., the origin and evolution of mammalian sex chromosomes). (genomyx.ch)
  • In addition, these findings provide further support for models in which conflicts between different genes in genomes can drive the process of speciation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Genomes exhibit large regions with segmental copy number variation, many of which include entire genes and are multiallelic. (bvsalud.org)
  • Abstract Genomic analysis of many non-model species has uncovered an incredible diversity of sex chromosome systems, making it possible to empirically test the rich body of evolutionary theory that describes each stage of sex chromosome evolution. (uncommondescent.com)
  • as mentioned in the article above, sex chromosomes evolved multiple times, independently in various species ( by random unguided natural process) i am sure, that very few lay people even know, that this is what scientists seriously claim in their evolutionary theory. (uncommondescent.com)
  • Researchers of the Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics in Freiburg now discovered the evolutionary origin of this epigenetic phenomenon called dosage compensation. (mpg.de)
  • The theory yields new predictions about the genetic architecture of local adaptation, and the genomic basis of evolutionary differentiation between populations of geographically widespread species. (genestogenomes.org)
  • The study looks at a species of softshell turtle, but the results could help to illuminate an important evolutionary process in many species, said Nicole Valenzuela, professor of ecology, evolution and organismal biology and lead author of the study. (newswise.com)
  • But the researchers say their findings shed light on the evolutionary role of sex chromosome dosage compensation in many species. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Since the evolutionary forces driving genetic changes that cause infertility between species are likely also acting within species, the study of hybrid sterility also promises significant insight into mechanisms underlying infertility within species. (elifesciences.org)
  • Although gene duplicability has been observed to differ by duplication mechanism and evolutionary rate, there is so far no broad characterization of its determinants. (bvsalud.org)
  • The second dosage compensation that occurs in mammals are the balancing of X's and autosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • This agrees with the fact that X dosage compensation is in respect to autosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nov. 18, 2020 Researchers have discovered how the MSL complex responsible for dosage compensation can distinguish the X chromosome from autosomes in flies. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In species with highly heteromorphic sex chromosomes, the degradation of one of the sex chromosomes can result in unequal gene expression between the sexes (e.g., between XX females and XY males) and between the sex chromosomes and the autosomes. (asu.edu)
  • Contributing to the sex differences in gene expression between males and females are the sex chromosomes, X and Y. Gene expression differences on the autosomes and the X chromosome between males (46, XY) and females (46, XX) may help inform on the mechanisms of sex differences in human health and disease. (asu.edu)
  • The researchers then compared the activity of genes from sex chromosomes and from autosomes, broken down by male and female turtles. (newswise.com)
  • Autosomes can be described as the non-sex chromosomes that play diverse roles in the human body like harboring genes for the body's metabolism, functioning, and growth. (biologyonline.com)
  • Understanding the role and significance of autosomes in human genetics is crucial for uncovering the complex interplay of genes, their expression, and their impact on health and disease. (biologyonline.com)
  • Because male flies have a single X chromosome and female flies have two X chromosomes, the higher level of activation in males ensures that X chromosome genes are overall expressed at the same level in males and females. (wikipedia.org)
  • X hyperactivation is one mechanism of dosage compensation, whereby organisms that use genetic sex determination systems balance the gene dosage from the sex chromosomes between males and females. (wikipedia.org)
  • The gene was named sex-lethal due to its mutant phenotype which has little to no effect on male flies but results in the death of females due to X hyperactivation of the two X chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • This means that section of the gene that is spliced out in females remains in males. (wikipedia.org)
  • In females, the sex-lethal protein inhibits the male-specific lethal (msl) gene complex that would normally activate X-linked genes that result in an increase in the male transcription rate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Then, the hyperactivated X chromosome facilitates the inversion of the aneuploidy effect to create a gene expression equality between males and females. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since the sex chromosomes carry genetic instructions for traits that go beyond gender determination, a process -- called dosage compensation -- evolved to ensure that the X chromosomes in males and females are expressed at the same level. (sciencedaily.com)
  • However, gene expression is not uniform among individuals and varies greatly between genetic males and females. (asu.edu)
  • The formation of the sex in mammals and other species is controlled by two special chromosomes - X and Y. Females have two X chromosomes, whereas males possess one X chromosome and the much smaller Y chromosome. (mpg.de)
  • While females have two X chromosomes in their somatic cells, males possess only one X and one copy of the Y chromosome, which contains only very few genes. (mpg.de)
  • Flies do the opposite: if they are male, the genes on their X chromosome are read twice as much as in females. (mpg.de)
  • They studied how exactly a group of proteins and non-coding RNAs, namely the MSL complex increases the gene expression of the single X chromosome in male flies to achieve the same dosage as XX females. (mpg.de)
  • X-chromosome inactivation in mammals is a regulatory phenomenon whereby one of the two X chromosomes in female cells is genetically inactivated, resulting in dosage compensation for X-linked genes between males and females. (ox.ac.uk)
  • By escaping dosage compensation, Myc confers a growth advantage to females. (genestogenomes.org)
  • He also explored how flies compensate for the chromosome imbalance between males and females (a process known as dosage compensation). (stanford.edu)
  • Baker, along with neurobiologist Barry Dickson, showed that the fru gene determined the degree to which male flies were attracted to females. (stanford.edu)
  • Furthermore, triggering male-like expression of the gene in female flies led them to act like males - they wooed other females with an elaborate courtship dance that involves tender leg taps and serenades composed with vibrating wings. (stanford.edu)
  • In the case of the softshell turtles included in the study, the sex chromosomes are referred to as Z and W, and it's the females of the species who have mismatched, or ZW, chromosomes. (newswise.com)
  • For the first time, they were able to show that the MSL complex also controls essential developmental genes on other chromosomes. (mpg.de)
  • If not, in phenomena such as Haploinsufficiency, aneuploidy or other forms of chromosome abnormality, these gene dosage alterations can cause severe defects ultimately resulting in developmental failures and disease. (mpg.de)
  • Thus, unevenness in the number of copies of genes that work together can lead to developmental, physiological or other disorders. (newswise.com)
  • RNA-seq analysis of embryos indicate that in Hat1 mutants over 2000 genes are dysregulated and the observed transcriptional changes imply a delay in the developmental program of gene expression (Varga, 2019). (sdbonline.org)
  • The msl gene complex was named due to the loss-of-function mutant that results in the improper increase in the male transcription rate that results in the death of males. (wikipedia.org)
  • In males, the absence of the necessary amount of sex-lethal allows for the increase in the male transcription rate due to the msl gene complex no longer being inhibited. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the early embryonic development of a female mammal, one of the two X chromosomes is inactivated so that its genes are not read twice as often as in males. (mpg.de)
  • For instance, in humans and many other species, sex chromosomes are referred to as X and Y. Typically, two X chromosomes result in a female while XY chromosomes result in males. (newswise.com)
  • The resulting degradation of the Y chromosome gene content creates the need for dosage compensation in the heterogametic sex. (uncommondescent.com)
  • We show that although the nascent Y chromosome encompasses nearly half of the linkage group, there has been no perceptible degradation of Y chromosome gene content or activity. (nature.com)
  • The X chromosome, compared to an autosomal gene, contains more silent genes which influences measuring the amount of influence active genes have. (wikipedia.org)
  • Autosomal dominant disorders like Huntington's disease or Marfan syndrome result from mutations in a single copy of an autosomal gene. (biologyonline.com)
  • Autosomal recessive disorders like cystic fibrosis or sickle cell anemia require both copies of an autosomal gene to be mutated for the disorder to manifest. (biologyonline.com)
  • This produces a positive feedback loop as the sex-lethal protein splices the sex-lethal gene to produce more of the sex-lethal protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • While the long-term goal of the SSPsyGene Consortium is to build a comprehensively annotated resource describing the CNS function of all neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorder risk genes, the current target for the initiative is 100-250 protein coding genes. (nih.gov)
  • The goal of this initiative is to fill a very specific knowledge gap area, which is that many protein-coding genes are now associated with NPD risk, but their basic neurobiology remains poorly understood. (nih.gov)
  • The Z chromosomes contain instructions for some of the proteins normally functioning cells should produce, and having only a single copy of a chromosome can result in a reduced amount of proteins produced, because protein production is often affected by the number of gene copies. (newswise.com)
  • But SCDC mechanisms work to upregulate, or increase the level, of protein production from genes in the single Z (or X) chromosomes. (newswise.com)
  • Topics of current projects that are based on these data include the origins and/or evolution of protein-coding genes, alternative splicing, microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and sex chromosomes (e.g. (genomyx.ch)
  • Rosbash and Hall found that levels of the protein product of the period gene (PER) oscillated throughout the day, peaking in the middle of the night. (genestogenomes.org)
  • Epistasis between genes is traditionally studied with mutations that eliminate protein activity, but most natural genetic variation is in cis-regulatory DNA and influences gene expression and function quantitatively. (bvsalud.org)
  • Whithout mutations we would know very little about inheritance and the existence of genes. (intechopen.com)
  • The concept of mutation was coined by Hugo De Vries in 1901, whom worked with plants species of the genus Oenothera where he discovered some phenotypic hereditary characteristics that he coined as "mutations" and "mutants" to those individuals that have these phenotypic alterations. (intechopen.com)
  • In opinion of De Vries, these mutations give origin to a new species that he named "elementary species" [ 1 ], [ 2 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • Mutations of RNA polymerase II activate key genes of the nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic pathways. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • While it is anticipated that assays should aim to characterize 100-250 genes, some phenotypes and assay formats may be more amenable to moderate scale screening against a subset (50-100) of the gene set. (nih.gov)
  • In chapter 2, I characterize gene expression in an early formed tissue, the human placenta. (asu.edu)
  • Submitter supplied) The Mammalian Methylation Consortium aimed to characterize the relationship between cytosine methylation levels and a) species characteristics such as maximum lifespan and b) individual sample characteristics such as age, sex, tissue type. (beds.ac.uk)
  • Fueled by rapid technological innovations, the ability of geneticists to assay accurately not only genetic data but also gene expression levels, epigenetic markers, biomarker levels and microbiome composition has expanded the field of human genetics vastly. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nevertheless, gene flow constrains population differentiation, and may influence the genetic architecture of locally adapted phenotypes. (genestogenomes.org)
  • Aberrations in autosomal genes can give rise to a wide range of genetic disorders. (biologyonline.com)
  • One accomplishable key suitable the stoop genetic variety of the declining species in the primeval 20 th century could be a stoop superabundance of these species in this be that as it may epoch. (upb.ro)
  • To buffer the copy number differences between the sexes, humans, fruit flies as well as many other organisms rely on an epigenetic mechanism called dosage compensation. (mpg.de)
  • While Baker speculated that humans might carry genes and brain circuits that function similarly to the fru gene in flies, he stressed that environmental influences are undoubtedly stronger and more varied in people. (stanford.edu)
  • Understanding the diversity of SCDC mechanisms in nature, how they happen and evolve, informs more broadly on how animals and humans compensate for gene dose imbalance, and why the failure to properly compensate for these differences leads to disease states," Valenzuela said. (newswise.com)
  • Age-related changes to histone levels are seen in many species. (sdbonline.org)
  • Our approach and findings expose an underexplored dimension of epistasis, in which cis-regulatory allelic diversity within gene regulatory networks elicits nonlinear, unpredictable interactions that shape phenotypes. (bvsalud.org)
  • To facilitate comparative analyses across species, the mammalian methylation consortium applied a single measurement platform (the mammalian methylation array, GPL28271) to n=15216 DNA samples derived from 70 tissue types of 348 different mammalian species (331 eutherian-, 15 marsupial-, and 2 monotreme species). (beds.ac.uk)
  • Henrik Kaessmann's group performs integrated bioinformatics analyses pertaining to the functional evolution of mammalian genes (and potentially associated phenotypic changes) on the basis of publicly available genomic data as well as extensive data (e.g., large-scale transcriptome data) generated by the wet lab unit of the group. (genomyx.ch)
  • This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)
  • That complex doesn't exist in germ cells, so it was assumed that dosage compensation occurred in those cells by some other mechanism," said lead author Colin Meiklejohn, "We showed there is no upregulation of X chromosomes in the testes of flies. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In flies, the MSL complex has emerged as a molecular balancing mechanism to ensure the same amount of gene output in both sexes. (mpg.de)
  • In recent years, the laboratory of Asifa Akhtar at the Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics (MPI-IE) in Freiburg has been able to gain numerous insights into this epigenetic balancing mechanism that is important for dosage compensation. (mpg.de)
  • A possible mechanism is through regulating specific brain gene networks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, we still lack any knowledge on the gene(s) and the molecular mechanism controlling sex determination. (karger.com)
  • While mammals and well-studied species from other taxa show relatively conserved sex determination patterns characterized by gonochorism, teleost fishes exhibit a high degree of sexual plasticity [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short non-coding RNA molecules that can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and play a critical role in gonadal differentiation as well as early development of animals. (peerj.com)
  • Genomic analyses are crucial for a comprehensive picture of sex chromosome differentiation and dosage compensation, in addition to understanding speciation. (asu.edu)
  • 2019. Extreme heterogeneity in sex chromosome differentiation and dosage compensation in livebearers. (farre-evogenomicslab.com)
  • Despite significant advances in understanding nephron segment patterning, many questions remain about the underlying genes and signaling pathways that orchestrate renal progenitor cell fate choices and regulate differentiation. (mdpi.com)
  • A complex of proteins called the dosage compensation complex is responsible for upregulating gene expression in somatic (non-reproductive) cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Baker's pioneering work on fruit flies helped overturn the conventional wisdom about the link between genes and complex behaviors. (stanford.edu)
  • The fruitless studies were a striking example of a single gene orchestrating a complex behavior in adult animals. (stanford.edu)
  • It was generally thought that genes specified neuronal connections and properties, but that it was the complex interactions between the neurons that gave rise to behavior," said Luo, who is the Ann and Bill Swindells Professor in the School of Humanities and Sciences. (stanford.edu)
  • In order to address this, multiple comparative genomics and bioinformatics analyses were conducted to elucidate patterns of evolution in the green anole and across multiple anole species. (asu.edu)
  • We subsequently conducted systems level analyses by examining gene network dynamics between the sexes using weighted gene coexpression network analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Until recently, it was unknown how sexual differences in the behavior, physiology, and development of organisms are regulated by differential gene expression. (peerj.com)
  • The study sheds light on how organisms have evolved to address such imbalances through a process called sex chromosome dosage compensation, or SCDC. (newswise.com)
  • Biologists have discovered that dosage compensation does not occur in the reproductive cells of male fruit flies. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Bruce Baker, the Dr. Morris Herzstein Professor in Biology in the School of Humanities and Sciences, Emeritus, at Stanford University, who helped elucidate the connection between genes and behaviors in fruit flies, died July 1. (stanford.edu)
  • However, Baker is perhaps best known for his work, conducted in the late 1990s and 2000s while at Stanford, on a gene called fruitless ( fru ), which in fruit flies acts as a kind of master switch for male courtship behaviors. (stanford.edu)
  • This research often requires the tissue-specific expression of transgenes to better mirror human diseases, to visualize pathways being studied or to modulate the expression of a disease-related gene. (nature.com)
  • The general objective of this thesis is to deepen our knowledge of the environmental drivers of the fecundity of forest trees and their interactions, by focusing on the holm oak, a widespread species in the Mediterranean basin. (cnrs.fr)
  • Scientists have believed that the process of dosage compensation occurs in all cells of the male fruit fly. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We always wondered how dosage compensation as a process to equalize gene expression of one entire chromosome could arise in the evolution of these insects," explains Asifa Akhtar the main motivation of the study. (mpg.de)
  • The study represents not only the first such study to analyze sex chromosome dosage compensation in turtles, but the findings also show that remarkably, temperature appears to affect the SCDC process in the turtles. (newswise.com)
  • New species are created via a process called speciation, and nature employs various 'barriers' to keep closely related species distinct from one another. (elifesciences.org)
  • The resulting phenotypic data will be integrated across modalities, levels of organization, and genes to create a harmonized, integrated knowledge base needed to substantively advance our understanding of basic gene function and, ultimately, make robust inferences into potential shared and unique disease mechanisms. (nih.gov)
  • Characterizing sex-specific gene expression among human tissues will help inform the molecular mechanisms driving sex differences in human health and disease. (asu.edu)
  • Using this approach, I show that more genes are called as sex differentially expressed in several human adult tissues compared to a default reference alignment. (asu.edu)
  • Valenzuela and her co-authors sampled softshell turtles at various stages of development, including embryos, young hatchlings and adults, and analyzed various tissues to determine which genes were activated. (newswise.com)
  • Many forest tree species reproduce following so-called masting patterns, in which seed production is intermittent and synchronized among individuals, whose drivers need to be identified in order to better understand the impact of climate on the fecundity of forest trees. (cnrs.fr)
  • SSPsyGene is designed to provide a collaborative and efficient framework for identifying biological function beyond current small-scale and often ad hoc single gene efforts in order to generate a standardized, experimentally derived, functional catalog of NPD risk genes. (nih.gov)
  • Hibbs MA, Hess DC, Myers CL, Huttenhower C, Li K and Troyanskaya OG (2007) Exploring the functional landscape of gene expression: directed search of large microarray compendia. (wormbase.org)
  • ADGCs supported in Phase 2 of the initiative will be involved in continued efforts to refine and expand the list, as well as developing a rigorous, data-informed approach for selecting patient variants in allelic series from a subset of NPD risk genes. (nih.gov)
  • We validated the copy number predictions for amylase genes (AMY1, AMY2A, AMY2B) using experimental data from digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) on 39 individuals and observed a strong correlation (R = 0.99) between GeneToCN predictions and experimentally determined copy numbers. (bvsalud.org)
  • Valenzuela has studied temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), or the way environmental temperatures influence whether a turtle embryo develops into a male or female in species that lack sex chromosomes, in previous research. (newswise.com)
  • The benefits of integrating cross-species systems genetics platforms to advance knowledge in the underlying mechanisms that drive cardiometabolic diseases have been investigated. (elifesciences.org)
  • Hybrid sterility is one of the earliest postzygotic isolating mechanisms to evolve between two recently diverged species. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, prolonged renal hypoperfusion can result in a deleterious shift from compensation to decompensation. (medscape.com)
  • Michael Snyder (Stanford University, USA) gave an update on the Personal 'Omics' Profiling project, which is now assaying levels of gene expression, microbiome composition, DNA methylation and multitudinous biomarkers in over 70 individuals, including during experimental perturbations such as controlled weight gain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Disruptions in autosomal genes involved in cellular homeostasis can lead to electrolyte imbalances, impaired cell signaling , and malfunctioning cellular processes. (biologyonline.com)
  • The budgerigar ( Melopsittacus undulatus ) is one of the most widely studied parrot species, serving as an excellent animal model for behavior and neuroscience research. (peerj.com)
  • Despite differences in morphology, physiology, and behavior, there is limited sex-biased neural gene expression in zebrafish. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Triploid individuals spontaneously appear in populations of diploid species and can provide an important insight into the evolution of sex determination. (karger.com)
  • The Scalable and Systematic Neurobiology of Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Disorder Risk Genes (SSPsyGene) Consortium: Assay and Data Generation Centers (RM1) (RFA-MH-24-145). (nih.gov)
  • The SSPsyGene Consortium aims to produce a systematic annotation of basic neurobiological function of genes associated with risk for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders (NPDs). (nih.gov)
  • A Gene Selection Task Group within the SSPsyGene Consortium has initiated efforts to prioritize a set of ~100-250 genes associated with NPDs to be interrogated by all Assay and Data Generation Centers (ADGCs), the list of which can be found on the "Resources" tab of the SSPsyGene Consortium website operated by the UC Santa Cruz Data Resource and Administrative Coordinating Center (DRACC). (nih.gov)
  • No, all ADGCs are expected to screen the same set of genes selected by the SSPsyGene Consortium, as described in the list that can be found on the "Resources" tab of the SSPsyGene Consortium website operated by the UC Santa Cruz DRACC. (nih.gov)
  • Dosage compensation occurs differently from one species to the next. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Particularly for moderate throughput assays, strategies for selecting a subset of genes from the list should be discussed in the context of the chosen assay(s) or readout(s). (nih.gov)
  • Transgene expression using viral vectors provides an alternative, which allows for temporal expression of genes in mice with reduced cost and effort. (nature.com)
  • However, sex differences in gene expression profiles in the brains of vertebrates are only beginning to be understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Surprisingly, only 61 genes (approximately 0.4% of genes analyzed) showed a significant sex effect across all four strains, and 48 of these differences were male-biased. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The dominant theoretical model for the early stages of sex chromosome evolution 3 , 4 , 5 predicts that recombination will be selected against in the region between a sex determining gene and a nearby locus with alleles of sex-specific effect. (nature.com)
  • We have developed a computational method GeneToCN that counts the frequencies of gene-specific k-mers in FASTQ files and uses this information to infer copy number of the gene. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the human, XIC has been mapped to band Xq13 (ref. 6) and in the mouse to band XD (ref. 7), and comparative mapping has shown that the XIC regions in the two species are syntenic. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 2019. Comparative Chromosome Mapping of Musk Ox and the X Chromosome among Some Bovidae Species. (farre-evogenomicslab.com)
  • Venomous secretions are produced by a myriad of animal species, from invertebrates to vertebrates. (ucr.ac.cr)
  • The study focused on a species of softshell turtle known as Apalone spinifera, which are among the largest of freshwater turtles and inhabit a large portion of North America, including Iowa. (newswise.com)
  • In this study we examined whole-brain sex-biased gene expression through RNA-sequencing across four strains of zebrafish. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The species of turtle involved in the study is Apalone spinifera , a species of freshwater turtles native to North America. (scitechdaily.com)
  • This transfer was dependent on the wraith of a betterer plasmid and doxepin buy doxepin without prescription hcl cream bioequivalence study database bells transfer genes. (upb.ro)
  • This study describes the burden and circumstances surrounding injuries related to compensable slip, trip, and fall (STF) claims from private construction industries covered by the Ohio Bureau of Workers Compensation. (cdc.gov)
  • The early phase of renal compensation for reduced perfusion includes autoregulatory maintenance of the GFR via afferent arteriolar dilatation (induced by myogenic responses, tubuloglomerular feedback, and prostaglandins) and via efferent arteriolar constriction (mediated by angiotensin II). (medscape.com)