SpacecraftGamma RaysExtraterrestrial EnvironmentJupiterSpace FlightEcological Systems, ClosedMarsUnited States National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationCosmic DustSaturnMeteoroidsCobalt RadioisotopesSpace SimulationLinear Energy TransferMoonFood IrradiationEnvironment, ControlledDose-Response Relationship, RadiationCobalt IsotopesIceSpectrometry, GammaRelative Biological EffectivenessRadiation DosageCosmic RadiationSolar SystemCesium RadioisotopesHeavy IonsCaliforniumNeutronsAtmosphereThermoluminescent DosimetryEnvironmental MicrobiologyWeightlessnessAstronautsVolcanic EruptionsRadiation EffectsBacillusSpores, BacterialRadiationRadiation ToleranceMicrococcusAlpha ParticlesBackground RadiationRadiometryFungiGravitationNeoplasms, Radiation-InducedRadiation-Protective AgentsCorynebacteriumDeinococcusUltraviolet RaysRadioisotopesClostridium botulinumRadionuclide ImagingActinomycetalesBacteriaRadiation, IonizingWhole-Body IrradiationWaterElasmobranchiiDNA RepairSkates (Fish)