• Abstract: There has been a dramatic (3-4 fold) increase over the past 50 years in the ingestion of the n-6 essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), linoleic acid (LA) with the addition of vegetable oil products (soybean, corn, palm, and canola oils, as well as margarine and shortenings) to the Western diet. (nih.gov)
  • LA is converted to the long chain (LC-) PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) utilizing three (2 desaturation and 1 elongation) enzymatic steps, and ARA then can be converted to pro-inflammatory eicosanoids by lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase and p450 enzymes. (nih.gov)
  • Diets rich in PUFA lead to higher susceptibility of plasma lipids to peroxidation compared to diets rich in SFA or monounsaturated fatty acids (Kratz et al . (scielo.org.za)
  • LA). The increase in consumption of LA-rich oils (e.g., soybean oil, sunflower oil) is even associated with a decreased n -3 LC PUFA content in human body tissue[ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) encompass a group of positional and geometric isomers of octadecadienoic acids (18:2) - naturally occurring polyunsaturated fatty acids or PUFA- synthesized in the rumen of cattle, deer, sheep and goat by microbial biotransformation of forage-derived fatty acids (FAs) such as oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA) and α -linolenic acid (ALA) ultimately into saturated stearic acid (SA). (medscape.com)
  • Linoleic acid would be the principal dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and livestock primarily receive it from diets such as vegetable oil, soybeans, and corn [45]. (adenosine-kinase.com)
  • Prior research reported that higher n-6 PUFA intake can lower liver fat in overweight people, increase liver metabolism, and regulate the balance involving fatty acid oxidation and lipid synthesis [46, 47]. (adenosine-kinase.com)
  • These fatty acids (also called polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA) have 2 or more cis double bonds which are the most frequently separated from each other by a single methylene group ( methylene-interrupted polyenes ). (gerli.com)
  • Because of low substrate specificity of the lipase for esters of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), fish oils high in PUFAs are currently excluded from the range of application of the method. (go.jp)
  • The gm-fad2-1 cassette is composed of the promoter sequence of the soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor gene 3 ( P-KTi3 ), a partial fragment of the soybean microsomal omega-6 desaturase gene ( gm-fad2-1 ), and the terminator sequence of the soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor gene 3 ( T-KTi3 ). (sourcewatch.org)
  • The focus of this project is to determine the technical feasibility for developing soybean germplasm with a fatty acid profile that is beneficial to human health, including fatty acids such as arachidonic (AA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), stearidonic (SDA) and docosahexanoic (DHA). (soybeanresearchinfo.com)
  • Women with evidence of high intake ratios of the marine omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) relative to the omega-6 arachidonic acid have been found to have a reduced risk of breast cancer compared with those with low ratios in some but not all case-control and cohort studies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The long-chain omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are important in generating bioactive lipid mediators important in inflammation resolution [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Below, as an example, we give the structure of a common polyene of the (n-3) series having the double bonds in the 5, 8, 11, 14, and 17 positions (eicosapentaenoic acid or osbond acid). (gerli.com)
  • Some metabolic effects of dietary marine oils, or of dietary eicosapentaenoic or docosahexaenoic acid are reviewed. (iospress.com)
  • Experiments with … rats suggesting that the hypolipidaemic response of eicosapentaenoic acid is more marked when the fatty acid was given to fed rats, as compared to fasted rats, are discussed. (iospress.com)
  • Pathways such as "Photosynthesis", "Carbon metabolism", and "Fatty acid metabolism", were involved in oil content accumulation and grain formation between wild and cultivated soybeans at 20 and 30 DAF according to RNA-seq analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overall, these results contribute to an understanding of seed lipid metabolism and seed size during seed development, and identify potential functional genes for improving soybean yield and seed oil quantity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Through stepwise metabolic engineering, we provide evidence that divergent evolution of extreme petroselinic acid and sapienic acid production arises from biosynthetic and metabolic functional specialization and enhanced expression of specific enzymes to accommodate metabolism of atypical substrates. (bvsalud.org)
  • PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project will test the hypothesis that a dramatic increase in a certain type of dietary fat (an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid) over the past 50 years, together with altered metabolism based on genetics and ancestral background of human populations, contribute to inflammatory diseases and plays a key role in health disparities observed between African and European Ancestry populations. (nih.gov)
  • This study provides evidence that dietary oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid might escape biohydrogenation in the rumen and showed that the type of dietary fat has a marked impact on lipid metabolism in the liver. (scielo.org.za)
  • Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS . (lookformedical.com)
  • They play an important role in LIPID METABOLISM in CELLS that utilize free fatty acids as an energy source. (lookformedical.com)
  • On top of that, metabolite C24:5n-6 was involved within the alpha linolenic acid and linoleic acid metabolism pathways [44]. (adenosine-kinase.com)
  • Within the method of linoleic acid metabolism, linoleic acid is catalyzed by the rate-limiting enzyme fatty acid desaturase-2 (FADS2), and right after a series of extensions, C24:5n-6 is developed by FADS2 catalyzed C24:4n-6 [48]. (adenosine-kinase.com)
  • Notably, within the approach of linoleic acid metabolism (elongation and desaturation), there was no considerable difference between the upstream metabolite linoleic acid in the higher and low FE groups, although the downstream C24:5n-6 was exceptionally various inside the two groups. (adenosine-kinase.com)
  • Primarily based on this, these findings also can offer some references for additional analysis of linoleic acid metabolism. (adenosine-kinase.com)
  • 11. Differential metabolism of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid by cyclo-oxygenase-1 and cyclo-oxygenase-2: implications for cellular synthesis of prostaglandin E1 and prostaglandin E2. (nih.gov)
  • We will briefly review relevant omega-3 fatty acid metabolism, and early investigations in breast cancer prevention and survivorship. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ability of long-chain omega-6 fatty acids to modulate inflammation and other physiologic processes is dependent on concomitant levels of the proinflammatory omega-6 arachidonic acid (AA) as well as an individual's genetic makeup governing lipid metabolism [ 13 - 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Soybean lines with low levels of polyunsaturated fats were developed using TALENs by introducing stacked mutations in two fatty acid desaturase 2 genes (FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B) which confer changes in fatty acid desaturase 3A (FAD3A). (isaaa.org)
  • These genes could be used to improve soybean oil quality and yield through molecular breeding in the future. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The sequence-specific TALENs target all alleles of the FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B genes of soybean. (euginius.eu)
  • Line GM026-18 contains mutations in both FAD2 genes within the first 500 bp after the start codon: FAD2-1A contains a 63 bp deletion, not leading to a frameshift but removing an essential amino acid domain. (euginius.eu)
  • Identification of fatty acid desaturase genes in Hemetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) and their evolutionary pattern in Diptera [J]. , 2018, 61(8): 905-913. (insect.org.cn)
  • Encoded for by two fatty acid desaturase genes (FADS1 and FADS2) that sit next to each other in the FADS cluster (11q12.2-q13.1), the activity of two key desaturases are the rate limiting steps in ARA biosynthesis. (nih.gov)
  • As the biosynthesis of these undesirable fatty acids is controlled by a few well-known major dominant genes, knockout of these genes using CRISPR/Cas9 would thus be more effective in improving the seed oil quality. (frontiersin.org)
  • In order to increase the level of the desirable oleic acid (C18:1), and reduce the contents of PUFAs and C22:1, we targeted three important genes FATTY ACID ELONGASE1 ( FAE1 ), FATTY ACID DESATURASE2 ( FAD2 ), and REDUCED OLEATE DESATURASE1 (ROD1 ) using a protoplast-based CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout system. (frontiersin.org)
  • This excess of pWAT was associated with adipocyte hypertrophy and overexpression of lipogenic genes such as C/EBP- α (CAAT enhancer binding protein alpha), PPAR- γ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma), SREBP-1C (sterol regulatory element binding protein-1C) , LPL (lipoprotein lipase), FAS (fatty acid synthase) , and SCD-1 (stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1). (nih.gov)
  • We study the biosynthesis of lipids and fatty acids in plants, focusing in the fatty acid desaturation pathway, and more concretely, in the regulation, distribution and organization of the omega-3 fatty acid desaturases. (csic.es)
  • The decline in unsaturation index was driven by (a) decreases in lipids that contain the highly unsaturated linolenic (18:3) acid and (b) increases in lipids containing less unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic (18:1) and linoleic (18:2) acids and/or saturated fatty acids such as palmitic (16:0) acid. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A third mechanism that likely contributed to lowering unsaturation levels, particularly for chloroplast membrane lipids, is a shift toward lipids made by the eukaryotic pathway and the channeling of eukaryotic pathway-derived glycerolipids that are composed of less unsaturated fatty acids into chloroplasts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Results indicated that the concentration of oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2 n -6) and linolenic acid (C18:3 n -3) in the plasma and oleic acid and linolenic acid in erythrocyte lipids were higher in lambs fed diets containing oil seeds or a combination of the oil seeds compared to those receiving the control diet. (scielo.org.za)
  • The supplementation of 6% and 12% ECAS increased the linoleic acid concentration in the liver lipids significantly compared to those fed the diets containing ECOS. (scielo.org.za)
  • 1972), the fatty acid composition of plasma lipids in ruminants can be influenced by the diet (Moore et al . (scielo.org.za)
  • 1968) showed that the fatty acid composition of plasma lipids of ruminants can be influenced by their diet. (scielo.org.za)
  • 2003) noted that the fatty acid composition of erythrocytes in goats, unlike plasma lipids, was not influenced when a ration rich in soyabean oil was fed for a period of 21 days. (scielo.org.za)
  • A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids . (lookformedical.com)
  • A group of compounds that are derivatives of octadecanoic acid which is one of the most abundant fatty acids found in animal lipids . (lookformedical.com)
  • Cotton was genetically engineered in a similar way as previously done with 'high oleic acid soybean' by suppression of the delta-12-desaturase. (entransfood.com)
  • It is pointed out that docosahexaenoic acid appears more effective as regards induction of peroxisomal \beta -oxidation. (iospress.com)
  • The potential inhibitory effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid, on mitochondrial \beta -oxidation is discussed. (iospress.com)
  • We are also interested in the biosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids in plant species with industrial applications, particularly in the obtention of biofuel with high energetic value and enhanced low-temperature properties. (csic.es)
  • Earlier studieshave shown that the CYP27A1 enzyme can catalyze the hydroxylation of compounds both within the biosynthesis of bile acids along with the bioactivation of vitamin D3 [391]. (adenosine-kinase.com)
  • 2001) Transgenic cotton plants with increased seed oleic acid content. (entransfood.com)
  • Interactions between CF treatment × day were detected (P ≤ 0.01) for mRNA expression of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, fatty acid synthase, PPAR-γ, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase, which were greater (P ≤ 0.02) in the feedlot in steers receiving CSSO during CF. No treatment differences were detected for (P ≥ 0.18) performance or carcass traits, including marbling and backfat thickness. (oregonstate.edu)
  • The gm-hra gene expression cassette is composed of the promoter sequence of soybean S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase (P-SAMS), the 5' untranslated region of the soybean SAMS gene ( 5'UTR-SAMS ) flanking an intron (I-SAMS), a modified version of the acetolactate synthase gene from soybean ( gm-hra ), and the terminator region of the acetolactate synthase gene from soybean ( T-als ). (sourcewatch.org)
  • Introduction of the gm-hra gene encodes for the GM-HRA protein, a modified version of a soybean acetolate synthase conferring tolerance to sulfonylurea herbicides. (sourcewatch.org)
  • Dietary fats rich in \alpha -18:3-CoA relative to safflower oil did not affect the hepatic activity of fatty acid synthase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. (iospress.com)
  • EPO consists of a variety of essential fatty acids, including -linolenic acid (GLA), linoleic acid (LA), oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid. (nih.gov)
  • Defense-related gene expression in soybean leaves and seeds inoculated with Cercospora kikuchii and Diaporthe phaseolorum var. (usda.gov)
  • Soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among the perennial species of Glycine , the plant genus that includes the cultivated soybean ( G. max ), are eight allopolyploid species, three of which are studied here. (peerj.com)
  • Both sequences share similarity to FAD2 desaturases and FAD2-related enzymes. (researchgate.net)
  • Enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of FATTY ACIDS from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA derivatives. (lookformedical.com)
  • DFs are the non-starch carbohydrates indigestible by host endogenous enzymes but can be fermented by symbiotic microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). (koreascience.kr)
  • The activities of hepatic fatty acid oxidation enzymes in rats fed linseed and perilla oils rich in \alpha -linolenic acid (\alpha -18:3) were compared with those in the animals fed safflower oil rich in linoleic acid (18:2) and saturated fats (coconut or palm oil). (iospress.com)
  • Dietary \alpha -18:3 also increased the activity of fatty acid oxidation enzymes except for 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. (iospress.com)
  • Dietary \alpha -18:3 significantly increased the mRNA levels of hepatic fatty acid oxidation enzymes including carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and II, mitochondrial trifunctional protein, acyl-CoA oxidase, peroxisomal bifunctional protein, mitochondrial and peroxisomal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolases, 2, 4-dienoyl-CoA reductase and \Delta ^3 , \Delta ^2 -enoyl-CoA isomerase. (iospress.com)
  • Supplementation of feed with long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) during the grower and finisher phases has long been discussed as a growth promotion strategy in pigs, but its effects are inconsistent. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Supplementation of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), which is the largest category of fatty acids in animal diets [ 5 ], or their compounds into daily rations provides a practical method for achieving better growth performance than diets without additional LCFA supplementation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • use ACYL-COA DEHYDROGENASE (NM) 1980-2003 MH - Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain UI - D044942 MN - D8.811.682.675.150.150 MN - D12.776.331.700 MS - A flavoprotein oxidoreductase that has specificity for long-chain fatty acids. (nih.gov)
  • Seeds of ETFQO and related mutants were also characterized by an altered fatty acid composition. (bvsalud.org)
  • 1991). The fatty acid composition of erythrocytes can be affected by high intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids, as shown in rats (Periago et al . (scielo.org.za)
  • Thirty two Alentejano purebred bulls were used to investigate the effect of four feeding systems (pasture only, pasture feeding followed by 2 or 4 months of finishing on concentrate, and concentrate only) on meat fatty acid composition (GC-FID), including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomeric distribution (Ag[+]-HPLC-DAD). (researchgate.net)
  • The diet had a major impact on the fatty acid composition of beef (affected 27 of 36 fatty acids and 10 of 14 CLA isomers), which was independent of the fatty acid concentration. (researchgate.net)
  • Finally, meat fatty acid composition was an effective parameter to discriminate between ruminant feeding systems, including different finishing periods on concentrate. (researchgate.net)
  • Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is highly found in fats from ruminants and it appears to favorably modify the body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors. (gpni.fit)
  • Linoleic acid is the precursor of all the (n-6) series formed by desaturation and elongation. (gerli.com)
  • We discovered that seed oils of many Thunbergia species contain up to 92% of the unusual monounsaturated petroselinic acid (18:1Δ6), one of the highest reported levels for a single fatty acid in plants. (bvsalud.org)
  • Supporting the biosynthetic origin of petroselinic acid, we identified a Δ6-stearoyl-acyl carrier protein (18:0-ACP) desaturase from Thunbergia laurifolia, closely related to a previously identified Δ6-palmitoyl-ACP desaturase that produces sapienic acid (16:1Δ6)-rich oils in Thunbergia alata seeds. (bvsalud.org)
  • High oleic acid oils may find their application as frying oils, being less prone to oxidation during frying than other common oils that are high in polyunsaturated fatty acids. (entransfood.com)
  • Among the absolute worst types of fat you can eat are vegetable oils such as corn oil, soybean oil, sunfiower and canola oil, found in most processed foods and restaurant meals. (articlefeed.org)
  • In my view, processed vegetable oils, rich in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are the most dangerous dietary factor of them all, taking a greater toll on human health than high fructose corn syrup even. (articlefeed.org)
  • Two trans isomers of linoleic acid have been detected in seed oils. (gerli.com)
  • This fatty acid is available from some seed oils from several plant families. (gerli.com)
  • GE-FAD2KO Soybean line GM026-18 is a transgene-free knock-out line with mutations in both the FAD2-1A and the FAD2-1B gene. (euginius.eu)
  • The fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) determines the level of monounsaturated fats in soybean oil and vegetative tissue. (euginius.eu)
  • GE-FAD2KO Soybean line GM026-18 was developed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes -mediated hairy-root transformation of soybean cotyledones of the variety Bert with a TALEN T-DNA expression construct to knock-out FAD2. (euginius.eu)
  • Soybean event 305423 was genetically modified using biolistic co-transformation of soybean embryo tissue with two linear DNA fragments: PHP 19340A containing the gm-fad2-1 cassette and PHP17752A containing the gm-hra gene cassette. (sourcewatch.org)
  • Insertion of the partial gm-fad2-1 gene from soybean acts to silence the endogenous gm-fad2-1 gene encoding the GM-FAD2-1 protein. (sourcewatch.org)
  • Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. (lookformedical.com)
  • A graphical chart of the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by free radicals may be found on Wikipedia web site. (gerli.com)
  • The fatty oxidation rates increased as dietary levels of \alpha -18:3 increased. (iospress.com)
  • Fish oil rich in very long-chain n -3 fatty acids caused similar changes in hepatic fatty acid oxidation. (iospress.com)
  • Cotton seed oil contains 70% unsaturated fatty acids including 18% monounsaturated (oleic), 52% polyunsaturated (linoleic) and 26% saturated (primarily palmitic and stearic) fatty acids. (scielo.org.za)
  • According to the National Research Council (NRC) [ 6 ], supplementation of grower and finisher feed with fatty acids increases the growth speed, reduces the feed intake and improves the gain efficiency. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our review of previous studies reveals that some influential factors, including the basal diet [corn-soybean vs. distillers' dried grains with solubles (DDGS)], LCFA concentration (high concentration vs. low concentration) and LCFA saturation (saturated vs. unsaturated), should be considered when exploring the synergistic effects of basal diet with LCFAs, the dosage-dependent effect of such supplementation and the influence of the physicochemical properties of LCFAs, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The insulin-sensitizing and anabolic properties of EPA and DHA also suggest supplementation studies to determine whether these omega-3 fatty acids might reduce chemotherapy-associated loss of muscle mass and weight gain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In particular, the content of linolenic acid in seeds was reduced to less than 2% in GmFAD3-2a mutant seeds [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The high levels of linoleic acid (C18:2), linolenic acid (C18:3), and erucic acid (C22:1) render the oil unsuitable for food and some industrial uses. (frontiersin.org)
  • 1. Free radical derivatives formed from cyclooxygenase-catalyzed dihomo-γ-linolenic acid peroxidation can attenuate colon cancer cell growth and enhance 5-fluorouracil's cytotoxicity. (nih.gov)
  • 3. Knockdown of delta-5-desaturase promotes the anti-cancer activity of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy in colon cancer cells expressing COX-2. (nih.gov)
  • 6. Knockdown delta-5-desaturase in breast cancer cells that overexpress COX-2 results in inhibition of growth, migration and invasion via a dihomo-γ-linolenic acid peroxidation dependent mechanism. (nih.gov)
  • 7. Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid inhibits xenograft tumor growth in mice bearing shRNA-transfected HCA-7 cells targeting delta-5-desaturase. (nih.gov)
  • 9. Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid inhibits growth of xenograft tumors in mice bearing human pancreatic cancer cells (BxPC-3) transfected with delta-5-desaturase shRNA. (nih.gov)
  • 10. Specific delivery of delta-5-desaturase siRNA via RNA nanoparticles supplemented with dihomo-γ-linolenic acid for colon cancer suppression. (nih.gov)
  • 12. Iminodibenzyl redirected cyclooxygenase-2 catalyzed dihomo-γ-linolenic acid peroxidation pattern in lung cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Stability of dry fermented sausages enriched in α-linolenic acid and docosahexanoic acid by a lyophilized antioxidant extract of a Melissa officinalis L. (digicomst.ie)
  • 16. Characterization of novel radicals from COX-catalyzed arachidonic acid peroxidation. (nih.gov)
  • If increasing EPA and DHA relative to arachidonic acid is effective in reducing breast cancer risk, likely mechanisms include reduction in proinflammatory lipid derivatives, inhibition of nuclear factor-κB-induced cytokine production, and decreased growth factor receptor signaling as a result of alteration in membrane lipid rafts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An experiment was conducted to study the effects of extruded cotton seed (ECOS) and canola seed (ECAS) in the diet of male Mehraban lambs on the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids in their plasma, erythrocytes and livers. (scielo.org.za)
  • Of the 38% fat in canola seed, 65% consists of oleic acid. (scielo.org.za)
  • [1] [2] They have been genetically engineered to have higher levels of oleic acid (omega 9 fatty acid), and lower levels of linoleic (omega 6 fatty acid) and linolenic acids in the soybean oil. (sourcewatch.org)
  • There was a linear correlation between linoleic acid content of the liver and levels of dietary ECAS and ECOS. (scielo.org.za)
  • Nutraceuticals include antioxidants, vitamins, amino acids and dietary substances 1 , 2 . (scialert.net)
  • Similarly, docosahexaenoic appears more powerful in terms of suppression of hepatic \Delta ^9 -desaturase activity and mRNA-levels. (iospress.com)
  • CLA is produced naturally in the digestive tract of ruminants such as cattle, goats, sheep, buffalo, and to a lesser degree in pigs, chickens and turkeys, and the synthesis occur due to fermentative bacteria, Butyrivibrio Fibrisolvens , which isomerize the linoleic acid in CLA or by synthesis via α9-desaturase of 11- trans octadecanoic acid [ 14 ]. (gpni.fit)
  • GmGA20OX ( Glyma.07g08950 ) and GmNFYA ( Glyma.02g47380 ), which encode gibberellin 20 oxidase and nuclear factor Y subunit A, were screened by transcriptome analysis from 40 samples of developing soybean seeds in cultivated and wild soybean. (biomedcentral.com)
  • C22:1 is an important fatty acid for the chemical industry, but is considered potentially toxic in food and feed at high levels. (frontiersin.org)
  • The most important fatty acids can be grouped into 2 series with a common structural feature: CH 3 (CH 2 ) x CH=R . x=4 for the (n-6) series and x=1 for the (n-3) series and x=7 for the (n-9) series . (gerli.com)
  • Genetically modified soybean expressing the maize zein indeed contained higher levels of the sulphur amino acids methionine and cysteine. (entransfood.com)
  • 2001) Design and production of genetically modified soybean protein with anti-hypertensive activity by incorporating potent analogue of ovokinin(2-7). (entransfood.com)
  • https:// Abstract: Grass-finished beef (GFB) can provide beneficial bioactive compounds to healthy diets, including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and secondary bioactive compounds, such as phytochemicals. (researchgate.net)
  • Its seed oil is however currently unsuitable for most food, feed, and industrial applications, due to the high contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and erucic acid (C22:1). (frontiersin.org)
  • However, the oleic acid concentration of liver fat and adipose tissue remained unchanged in adult goats that consumed a large quantity of calcium oleate (Van den Top et al . (scielo.org.za)
  • The 15 kDa maize zein protein has been introduced into soybean to increase the sulphur amino acid content, in order to improve the nutritional value of soybean. (entransfood.com)
  • In addition, meat fatty acids and CLA isomers were used to elucidate the impact of the different feeding regimens on the nutritional value of intramuscular fat and their usefulness as chemical discriminators of meat origin. (researchgate.net)
  • In this study, we define the state of the art of lipid-based nutritional indexes and used the lipid content and fatty acid profile (both qualitative and quantitative) of breast meat of two poultry genotypes with different growth rates and meat traits. (mdpi.com)
  • In this study, both seed weight and oil content in E1 and E171 were significantly higher than those in E2 and E23, and 20 DAF and 30 DAF may be key stages of soybean seed oil content accumulation and weight increase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The initial attempt to examine w-3 desaturase function in yeast resulted in no significant uptake of linoleic acid (LA)/no ALA accumulation due to miscalculation in the amount of LA added. (soybeanresearchinfo.com)
  • All the GmSS family members except GmSS7 and few of class III members, were highly expressed in all the soybean tissues. (bvsalud.org)
  • The acidic pathway (or option pathway) of bile acid synthesis is initiated by CYP27A1, that is a mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme extensively distributed in most tissues and macrophages [23, 26]. (adenosine-kinase.com)
  • Successfully transformed soybean embryo tissues were selected on media containing sulfonylurea herbicides and a high oleic acid phenotype was detected using a gas chromatography assay. (sourcewatch.org)
  • Linoleic acid ( 18:2 n-6 ) is the most common polyunsaturated fatty acids, in plants and animal tissues. (gerli.com)
  • Combine highest activity w-3 desaturase with a soybean oil body oleosin promoter. (soybeanresearchinfo.com)
  • Several attempts to clone approximately 4 kb upstream regions of the start codon of the soybean oleosin gene (Glyma16g07800) as well as about 2 kb downstream region of the oleosin gene have been unsuccessful. (soybeanresearchinfo.com)
  • For example, GmST05 , encodes a member of the PEBP family, identified in soybean using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of over 1800 soybean accessions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study provides detailed genome-wide analysis of GmSS family in soybean that will provide new insights for future evolutionary and soybean breeding to improve the plant growth and development. (bvsalud.org)
  • Based on mapping to the soybean reference genome, there appear to be no large regions for which one homoeologous contribution is missing. (peerj.com)
  • Transcription activator-like effector nucleases ( TALENs ), a plant breeding innovation, have been successfully used to develop premium quality high-oleic soybean oil, bacterial blight resistant rice, and potato chips with reduced acrylamide. (isaaa.org)
  • Special emphasis has been placed on resistance to aflatoxin, bacterial wilt, foliar diseases and fatty acid desaturase. (peanutscience.com)
  • Furthermore, we demonstrate the utility of the T. laurifolia desaturase for the production of unusual monounsaturated fatty acids in engineered plant and bacterial hosts. (bvsalud.org)
  • This comprehensive review critically evaluates whether supposed health benefits propounded upon human consumption of conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) are clinically proven or not. (medscape.com)
  • Simopoulos AP, The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids , Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 2002 Oct;56(8):365-79. (sourcewatch.org)
  • It is said an essential fatty acid for animals. (gerli.com)
  • Even if you eat at least two servings of fatty fish per week, as the American Heart Association recommends (10), your fish might contain more or less omega-3s depending on the fish species, the time of year, and how you cook it. (frontrowrock.com)
  • An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. (lookformedical.com)
  • Guided by a T. laurifolia desaturase crystal structure obtained in this study, enzyme mutagenesis identified key amino acids for functional divergence of Δ6 desaturases from the archetypal Δ9-18:0-ACP desaturase and mutations that result in nonnative enzyme regiospecificity. (bvsalud.org)
  • The DNA binding domain contains a repeated highly conserved 33-34 amino acid sequence with divergent 12th and 13th amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
  • This straightforward relationship between amino acid sequence and DNA recognition has allowed for the engineering of specific DNA-binding domains by selecting a combination of repeat segments containing the appropriate RVDs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both the number of amino acid residues between the TALE DNA binding domain and the FokI cleavage domain and the number of bases between the two individual TALEN binding sites appear to be important parameters for achieving high levels of activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • A major protein (alpha-glycinin) of soybean has been mutated such that it contained an anti-hypertensive six-amino-acid peptide. (entransfood.com)