Soviet spacecraft. Medical search. Frequent questions

No Soviet cosmonaut ever made the trip. (astronomy.com)
Finally, the Voskhod 2 spacecraft carried a large inflatable airlock that allowed cosmonaut Aleksei Leonov to exit and re-enter the craft. (airports-worldwide.com)
The Soviet space shuttle never flew again, and in spite of the billions of dollars spent on the program, it never transported a single cosmonaut into space. (history.com)
3. The first Soviet woman-cosmonaut will become an agitator for communism as great as Gagarin and Titov. (mit.edu)
Valentina Tereshkova, Soviet cosmonaut, was the first woman to travel into space. (britannica.com)
Ham , the "astrochimp" who was the first hominid sent to space in 1961, was buried at the International Space Hall of Fame, and Laika , the Soviet space dog launched on Sputnik 2 in 1957, has a bronze at the Star City cosmonaut training facility, there is no memorial for this small cat. (hyperallergic.com)
Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to orbit Earth, furthering the efforts of space exploration by the Soviet Union and initiating the so-called space race between the Soviet Union and the United States. (wikisummaries.org)
John Glenn's flight on 20 February 1962 put the United States into a space race with the Soviet Union, which had launched cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin into orbit 10 months earlier. (aerospaceguide.net)

In a close race with the Soviets, the United States launched its first artificial satellite, Explorer 1, into a 357-by-2,543-kilometre (193 by 1,373 nmi) orbit on 31 January 1958. (wikipedia.org)
Sputnik, launched by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on 04 October 1957, was the first human-made satellite in Earth orbit. (wiredpen.com)
To this point in the space race, the Soviets had been in the lead - it had launched the first satellite, the first animal, the first man into orbit, the first woman, and done the first spacewalk. (popsci.com)
The space race formally ended on July 17, 1975, when the U.S. and Soviet Union linked up in orbit and shook hands during the Apollo-Soyuz mission. (astronomy.com)
Soviet cosmonauts and American astronauts shake hands in orbit as the two nations' spacecraft dock during the Apollo-Soyuz mission, as seen in this artist's illustration. (astronomy.com)
On July 17, 1975, the United States and the Soviet Union docked two spacecraft together in orbit as part of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, humanity's first international space mission. (astronomy.com)
This back and forth continued to escalate, and in 1961, the Soviet Union put the first human into Earth orbit, once again demonstrating its technological superiority and forcing America to respond. (astronomy.com)
As the U.S. wrapped up preparations to send the first Apollo astronauts to the Moon, the Soviet Union launched its Zond 5 spacecraft , carrying a pair of tortoises into lunar orbit. (astronomy.com)
Roscosmos said Saturday that the spacecraft ran into trouble while trying to enter a pre-landing orbit around the moon. (cnn.com)
Before making adjustments, the spacecraft reoriented, and at 14:10 the engines were turned on, that were supposed to correct the course and lead the spacecraft to pre-landing orbit. (cnn.com)
Previous spacecraft have taken just a few days to reach the moon, but SpaceIL will be fired into an elliptical orbit - a journey that will take two months but will save on carrying the fuel needed for a faster trip. (nypost.com)
Secondary objectives included demonstrating controlled reentry guidance, evaluating fuel cell performance, demonstrating all phases of guidance and control system operation needed for a rendezvous mission, evaluating the capability of either pilot to maneuver the spacecraft in orbit to rendezvous, evaluating the performance of rendezvous radar, and executing 17 experiments. (astronautix.com)
Unlike Pearl Harbor, the intelligence community had plenty of data about what was happening inside the Soviet Union in the months before October 1957 and, in fact, had warned the White House that the Soviet Union was planning on launching a satellite into Earth orbit very soon. (thespacereview.com)
Unlike the American space shuttle that relied on three hydrogen-fueled engines to aid in reaching orbit, the Soviet spacecraft carried only lighter maneuvering rockets, which gave it the capability to carry heavier payloads to and from space. (history.com)
Then, in 2011, MESSENGER became the first spacecraft to orbit Mercury. (google.com)
The next spacecraft to visit Mercury, a joint ESA/JAXA mission called BepiColombo, will arrive in orbit in 2025. (google.com)
That same year NASA put the first spacecraft in orbit around Mars. (google.com)
Three spacecraft flew to the Salyut-5 over the next few years, but the missions were plagued with technical problems and the station was ultimately pulled from orbit in August 1977. (howstuffworks.com)
The low orbit would naturally decay in ten days if the retro-rockets did not take the spacecraft out of orbit. (wikisummaries.org)
Soviet spacecraft Luna 10 becomes the first to orbit the moon. (ualr.edu)
The collection of articles provides more than 550 dose measurements for spacecraft and extra-vehicular activity in 42 combinations of inclination and altitude in low Earth orbit. (cdc.gov)

the-deep-space-network-how-nasa-spacecraft-make-long-distance-calls https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/the-deep-space-network-how-nasa-spacecraft-make-long-distance-calls/ The Deep Space Network: How NASA spacecraft make long-distance calls NASA has some distant spacecraft, but they still keep in touch with most of them. (astronomy.com)
Over the course of two days, NASA astronauts and Soviet cosmonauts performed a series of scientific experiments and technology demonstrations. (astronomy.com)
Such observatories have been launched and operated by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the European Space Agency (ESA), Japanese Space Agency (JAXA), and the Soviet space program later succeeded by Roskosmos of Russia . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Although NASA Headquarters refused to allow nicknames for Gemini spacecraft, Cooper was not so easily put off. (astronautix.com)
Although the Soviets had criticized the American space shuttle as a waste of money, the country's military worried that the vehicle being developed by NASA could be used as a "space bomber. (history.com)
This illustration provided by NASA depicts the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft at the asteroid Bennu. (courthousenews.com)
A NASA spacecraft will fly by Earth on Sunday and drop off what is expected to be at least a cupful of rubble it grabbed from the asteroid Bennu , closing out a seven-year quest. (courthousenews.com)

With the historic first handshake in space between astronauts and cosmonauts just one month away, preparations moved into high gear for the Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP), the first docking between American and Soviet spacecraft. (nasa.gov)
The Soviets provided assurances that a repeat of that failure scenario could not happen during the ASTP Soyuz launch since they would be using a newer version of the booster. (nasa.gov)
Orion 1 and Orion 2 Space Observatories were Soviet space observatories that operated onboard space station Salyut 1, 1971, and Soyuz 13, 1973, respectively. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Unfortunately, heavy rain at Baikonur made the launch impossible, so the Soyuz 1 spacecraft was deorbited as soon as it orbited above the USSR again. (brighthub.com)
The Apollo Soyuz Mission was a success both technologically and as a public-relations exercise for the Soviet Union and the United States. (brighthub.com)
It involved the docking of the Soviet Soyuz 19 spacecraft to the US Apollo spacecraft. (brighthub.com)
A Soyuz spacecraft is towed to a launchpad this past March at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. (nationalgeographic.com)
According to Russia's space agency, the Soyuz MS-23 spacecraft carrying the three men touched down at 2:17pm Moscow time, with its journey having proceeded without incident. (rt.com)
This allows Russian cosmonauts to travel to and from the space outpost on American Crew Dragon spacecraft and US astronauts to board Russian Soyuz MS spacecraft, respectively. (rt.com)

The launch of Buran (Russian for "snowstorm") from the same patch of central Asia from which Sputnik and Yuri Gagarin rocketed into space marked a new milestone in the Soviet space program. (history.com)
This was the first spacecraft in space - Sputnik 1 . (aerospaceguide.net)

The first robotic spacecraft was launched by the Soviet Union (USSR) on 22 July 1951, a suborbital flight carrying two dogs Dezik and Tsygan. (wikipedia.org)
But then on August 3, the Soviet Union decided to take on the American challenge of landing a man on the Moon by the end of the decade. (popsci.com)
But the Soviet Union hadn't set idle during that time. (astronomy.com)
With the two sides eager for peace, the United States and the Soviet Union negotiated nuclear weapons control agreements and generally began easing tensions. (astronomy.com)
In February 1966, the then-Soviet Union landed the Luna 9 probe on the moon. (nypost.com)
T he Soviet Union became the world leader in early Venus exploration after that, sending multiple atmospheric probes and as many as ten landers to the planet. (planetary.org)
They were carried out against the geopolitical backdrop of the rivalry between the United States and Soviet Union for preeminence in space exploration. (billofrightsinstitute.org)
A popu- lar wave of interest in ESP stemmed from a boom in the occult and supernatural phenomena in the late 1960s and early 1970s, a time when ESP research in Eastern Eu- rope and the Soviet Union also attracted popular attention. (cia.gov)
studies, as well as three Dr. Roger A. Beaumont is a profes- sor of history at Texas A&M Uni- versity and has authored more than 40 articles on military history and SIGNAL, JANUARY, 1982 0 03 not evident in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. (cia.gov)
Kennedy himself questioned the commitment and considered cooperating-instead of competing-with the Soviet Union in space. (planetary.org)
But the most ambitious computer literacy program ever conceived is one you've probably never heard of, and it originated in a very unlikely place: the Soviet Union. (ieee.org)
First American flight to seize duration record from Soviet Union. (astronautix.com)
Instead, he'll appear on television tomorrow to reveal that the Soviet Union is building secret missile bases in Cuba. (spu.edu)
The CIA had also warned that a successful satellite could become a propaganda victory for the Soviet Union. (thespacereview.com)
In retrospect, looking back over half a century later, for the duration of the Space Race with the Soviet Union, the United States intelligence community did a remarkably good job at assessing Soviet capabilities in space. (thespacereview.com)
Developed by the Soviet Union in the 1960s, the durable design is still used by Russia's space program. (nationalgeographic.com)
Восход , "ascent" , "dawn" ) was a spacecraft built by the Soviet Union 's space program for human spaceflight (see Voskhod programme ). (airports-worldwide.com)
In 1959, the Soviet Union launched Lunik-1, the first unmanned spacecraft to travel to the moon. (upi.com)
But in spite of the triumphant maiden mission, the voyage of Buran would mark the final chapter in the space race between the United States and Soviet Union that dominated the Cold War. (history.com)
Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev hailed the Buran mission as "one more confirmation of the kind of huge possibilities the Soviet Union has to solve any problem. (history.com)
Cutbacks forced future missions of Buran to be put on hold, and when the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, funding for the space program crumbled with it. (history.com)
After Mariner 2, the Soviet Union sent several spacecraft to Venus. (google.com)
The Soviet Union made the first intact landing in 1971. (google.com)
In the beginning, it was part of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. (britannica.com)
Apollo 11 was the culmination of the Apollo program and a massive national commitment by the United States to beat the Soviet Union in putting people on the Moon. (britannica.com)
The Buran spacecraft was a space shuttle developed by the Soviet Union in response to NASA's space shuttle program. (space.com)
NASA's focus was on reducing space costs, while the Soviet Union viewed the space shuttle as a potential military threat, wrote Anatoly Zak on his website, RussianSpaceWeb.com. (space.com)
Buran launched at a difficult time for the Soviet Union. (space.com)
Until now, only the US, China, and the Soviet Union have successfully landed spacecraft on the Moon. (extremetech.com)
This orbiting space platform, which would be manned by military astronauts , would give the Air Force the perfect vehicle for conducting surveillance of the Soviet Union and China. (howstuffworks.com)
Yuri Gagarin, born in Gzhatsk in the Smolensk region of the Soviet Union, studied at the Saratov flight school and eventually joined the Soviet air force in 1956. (wikisummaries.org)
g]Soviet Union;Apr. (wikisummaries.org)
It was the USA's competitor - the Soviet Union. (aerospaceguide.net)

By the late 1960s, American reconnaissance satellites were so powerful that they enabled highly-detailed photographs of Soviet rockets to be taken from over 150 kilometers away. (thespacereview.com)
These images of Soviet rockets are degraded due to classification requirements, but offer a hint of just how good American intelligence collection about the Soviet space program became by the latter 1960s. (thespacereview.com)
By the mid-1960s, internal dissent within the Soviet military and civilian leadership led to the Soviet Moon program moving significantly slower than required to beat Apollo's schedule. (thespacereview.com)
In the 1960s and 70s, the Soviets developed both civilian stations, called Salyut , and military stations, called Almaz . (howstuffworks.com)

Dark side of the moon via Russia's Luna 3 spacecraft, 07 October 1959. (wiredpen.com)
In less than two minutes, the Soviets' last valiant effort to beat America to the Moon was reduced to piles of twisted and burnt metal. (popsci.com)
By 1968, NASA's Moon program was far ahead of its Soviet rival. (astronomy.com)
1969: US spacecraft Apollo 12 landed a module on the Moon. (scotsman.com)
The country has not landed a spacecraft on the moon since the Soviet era. (cnn.com)
An Israeli organization plans to launch the country's first spacecraft to the moon in December. (nypost.com)
A nonprofit group in the Jewish state plans to land an unmanned spacecraft on the moon on Feb. 13, 2019, joining just three countries to have made soft landings on the lunar surface - the US, Russia and China, according to reports. (nypost.com)
The 1,300-pound, spider-like craft will measure only about 6.5 feet in diameters and about 5 feet tall - making it the smallest spacecraft to touch down on the moon, according to the news outlet. (nypost.com)
two tortoises were stowed on the 1968 Soviet spacecraft that circled the Moon. (hyperallergic.com)
Spacecraft that would ultimately propel us to the moon were originally just one part of the space program. (howstuffworks.com)

Workers continued to prepare the Apollo spacecraft and Saturn IB rocket for launch while the astronauts continued their training including Russian language lessons. (nasa.gov)
To access the DM, the astronauts crawled through a service hatch in the Spacecraft Lunar Module Adaptor (SLA) and then stood beneath the Service Module's large engine bell. (nasa.gov)
He added, "I see it as similar to how Laika's memorial also speaks to the several other Soviet canine astronauts . (hyperallergic.com)

Those fears drove the Soviets to spend tens of billions of dollars to develop a similar reusable spacecraft to the Americans. (history.com)

NASA's Deep Space Network consists of three sites scattered across the globe, enabling long-distance communications with many different interplanetary spacecraft. (astronomy.com)

Mariner 2 was the first probe to study another planet, revealing Venus' extremely hot temperature to scientists in 1962, while the Soviet Venera 4 was the first atmospheric probe to study Venus. (wikipedia.org)
The Soviet Union's Venera 14 probe captured this view in 1982. (planetary.org)
But in 1967, Venera 7 became the first spacecraft to successfully land on another planet, period. (google.com)
NASA's Pioneer, Voyager and Galileo programs have visited Jupiter, while the Soviet Venera and NASA's Mariner spacecraft have visited Venus. (universetoday.com)

More than three years before Gagarin became the first human in space with his April 1961 journey around Earth, the Soviets famously-or perhaps infamously-sent up a stray dog. (nationalgeographic.com)

On the 25th anniversary of the launch of Buran, look back at the one and only flight of the Soviet version of the space shuttle. (history.com)
When the first official photographs of Buran were released in September 1988, the spacecraft looked very familiar. (history.com)
Except for the CCCP inscription and Soviet hammer-and-sickle flag decorating the wings, Buran appeared virtually identical in shape and size to the American space shuttle, right down to its paint job. (history.com)
However, there was one noticeable design difference between the American and Soviet versions of the space shuttle-the absence of main rocket engines on Buran. (history.com)
Nearly all the propulsion necessary to launch Buran into space came from the world's most powerful booster rocket, the massive 20-story-tall Energia that was designed to launch both shuttles and other cargo spacecraft. (history.com)
The Buran spacecraft that orbited the earth 25 years ago gathered dust for years inside a hangar at the space center in Kazakhstan, and much like the country that built it, the spacecraft is no more. (history.com)

Uncrewed spacecraft or robotic spacecraft are spacecraft without people on board. (wikipedia.org)
A robotic spacecraft for scientific measurements is often called a space probe or space observatory. (wikipedia.org)
Nearly all satellites, landers and rovers are robotic spacecraft. (wikipedia.org)

However, chronic economic problems had already begun to cripple the government and in the era of glasnost ushered in by Gorbachev, Soviets began to voice unusually harsh criticism of the country's massive space program budget. (history.com)

In 1974, NASA's Mariner 10 became the first spacecraft to ever fly by Mercury. (google.com)

Soviet cosmonauts performed the first spacewalk and piloted the first two-person spacecraft. (planetary.org)

This version flew twice, on 22 February 1965 unmanned (as Cosmos 57 ) and on 18 March 1965 manned as the Voskhod 2 spacecraft. (airports-worldwide.com)

The first spacecraft to flyby Venus - or any other planet - launched in 1962. (google.com)
He was launched on 20 February 1962 in the Friendship 7 spacecraft. (aerospaceguide.net)
An Atlas rocket launched a space capsule ( Mercury Spacecraft ) with Astronaut John Glenn on 20 February 1962 at Cape Canaveral. (aerospaceguide.net)

Mariner 4's 1965 Mars flyby snapped the first images of its cratered surface, which the Soviets responded to a few months later with images from on its surface from Luna 9. (wikipedia.org)
Roscosmos lost contact with the Luna 25 spacecraft on Saturday. (cnn.com)

It was a development of and a follow-on to the Vostok spacecraft . (airports-worldwide.com)
The Voskhod spacecraft is basically a Vostok spacecraft that has had a backup, solid fuel retro rocket, added to the top of the descent module. (airports-worldwide.com)
In order to create more space inside the descent module, the cosmonaut's ejection seat was removed, meaning that the Voskhod crews would return to Earth inside their spacecraft, unlike the Vostok cosmonauts who ejected and parachuted down separately. (airports-worldwide.com)
The original Vostok spacecraft only had one liquid fuel retrorocket and no provision for backup. (airports-worldwide.com)
Adaptation of the Vostok spacecraft for three cosmonauts. (airports-worldwide.com)
The design of the spacecraft Vostok 1, which began in 1959, was done in a parallel manner. (wikisummaries.org)
Unlike U.S. spacecraft, which are mounted vertically onto the launch pad, the Vostok 1 was mounted horizontally and raised, intact, to the vertical. (wikisummaries.org)

Some saw the Soviet space program as only a scheme to capture spectacular headlines, some considered it an exclusively military effort, and still others viewed the period from 1957 to 1967 as an orderly unfolding of a long-range master plan with neither false steps nor blind alleys. (thespacereview.com)
In 1957 Valentina Ponomareva graduated from the Moscow Aviation Institute and went to work for the Applied Mathematics Division of the Mathematical Institute of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. (mit.edu)

The attention of many in the West was aroused in the 1970s, as Soviet authorities brought a heavy hand down on news cover- age of ESP research in Russia3. (cia.gov)
The first test flight of the Soviet space shuttle came nearly 15 years after the U.S.S.R. began development of its reusable winged vehicle program in the early 1970s. (history.com)

The prime Apollo crew of Commander Thomas P. Stafford , Command Module Pilot Vance D. Brand and Docking Module Pilot Donald K. "Deke" Slayton, and their backups Alan L. Bean , Ronald E. Evans and Jack R. Lousma , participated in a walkdown of Launch Pad 39B on June 10 at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) where their spacecraft stood atop its Saturn IB rocket. (nasa.gov)
Personnel at the pad continued to prepare both the rocket and the spacecraft for flight, including beginning the loading of propellants. (nasa.gov)
But the CIA and other agencies also developed good analytical tools, refining them by talking to American spacecraft and rocket experts, and learning how and why certain technological paths are taken and others avoided. (thespacereview.com)
Understanding how rocket programs worked enabled the CIA's space and missile analysts to better interpret Soviet actions, and anticipate future ones. (thespacereview.com)
The spacecraft launched aboard a Russian Energia rocket and successfully touched down under automatic control, something NASA's space shuttle was not designed to do. (space.com)
The purpose of the hypersonic, rocket -launched spacecraft was to carry out manned experiments in space, aim missiles at targets on Earth and gather intelligence. (howstuffworks.com)
The lower portion of the spacecraft was the TDU-1 (Braking Engine Installation) retro-rocket system. (wikisummaries.org)

Korolev's mega booster program moved steadily forward until 1964 when a strange Soviet decision suddenly derailed years of work. (popsci.com)

Friendship 7 spacecraft re-entered Earth's atmosphere, splashed down in the Atlantic Ocean and was safely taken aboard the USS Noa Navy ship. (aerospaceguide.net)

Voyager 2 later radioed back that it indeed received the message and successfully carried out its instructions - a testament to not only the longevity of the spacecraft itself, but also both the power of DSS-43 and its peers. (astronomy.com)
the spacecraft rendezvous radar successfully tracked a transponder on the ground at Cape Kennedy. (astronautix.com)

Venus' surface Only 4 spacecraft have ever returned images from Venus' surface. (planetary.org)
By observing hotspots on the surface and changing sulfur dioxide levels in the atmosphere over six years, the spacecraft collected the best evidence yet of active volcanism on Venus. (planetary.org)
Japan's Akatsuki spacecraft is the only probe currently orbiting Venus. (planetary.org)
Both Jupiter and Venus have been visited by spacecraft from Earth. (universetoday.com)

The Soviet space program launched the first artificial satellite, the first man, and the first woman into space. (planetary.org)

even the biggest of all Soviet rockets. (popsci.com)
even the biggest of all Soviet rockets wasn't immune to the frigid winters in Kazakstan. (popsci.com)
Over time they acquired greater capabilities, such as ground-based tracking and communications interception antennas, photo-reconnaissance satellites, and eventually satellites able to collect the faint whispers of telemetry signals from Soviet rockets and ICBMs. (thespacereview.com)

Why were early Soviet spacecraft spherical? (stackexchange.com)

Facing a relentless onslaught of human and social trials, she swims against the current of life, countering adversity and pain with compassion and hope, in many ways personifying Mother Russia's torment and resilience amid the Soviet disintegration. (russianlife.com)

On top of that, the Russian cosmonauts conducted a series of scientific experiments and received four cargo spacecraft. (rt.com)

The escape system separated the modified lunar spacecraft that was its payload, sending it about 21 miles away from the launch pad. (popsci.com)
Three years after the America officially started its lunar landing program, Soviet leadership endorsed its own. (popsci.com)
For instance, they made early predictions about the pace of development of the Soviet manned lunar program that proved overly optimistic and had to be revised. (thespacereview.com)

Telerobotics also allows exploration of regions that are vulnerable to contamination by Earth micro-organisms since spacecraft can be sterilized. (wikipedia.org)
To this day, they remain the only nation to have landed spacecraft on the surface and transmitted both data and images back to Earth. (planetary.org)
To make things worse, a manually deployed reserve parachute tangled, and the spacecraft fell into the earth at a speed of about 40 meters per second (145km/h). (brighthub.com)

Ten years after Sputnik's launch, in late 1967, the CIA's Directorate of Intelligence produced an anniversary overview of the Soviet civilian space program. (thespacereview.com)

1991: Eduard Shevardnadze was re-appointed as Soviet foreign minister. (scotsman.com)

Though other spacecraft have studied Jupiter since Galileo, the planet's moons have also grown into a major focus of past and future exploration. (google.com)
Roald Z. Sagdeyev, who directs the Soviet Union's Halley exploration missions, is promoting the idea of an international unmanned mission to Mars as a follow-on project. (csmonitor.com)

Sergei Pavlovich Korolev [the chief designer of the Soviet space program] and other leaders believed that this technology would advance with seven-league strides. (mit.edu)

Close-in images and measurements taken by four spacecraft have confirmed the hypothesis that this comet -- and presumably most other comets -- is largely a dirty snowball. (csmonitor.com)

The Galileo spacecraft made history as the first orbiter and first atmospheric probe of Jupiter in 1989. (google.com)

They narrowed the uncertainty in the relative position of spacecraft and comet from several hundred kilometers to a few tens of kilometers. (csmonitor.com)

Gemini spacecraft being prepared in the shop. (astronautix.com)

American ASTP Director Glynn S. Lunney presented results of the Joint Flight Readiness Review held in Moscow in May and the details the Soviets had provided about the April 5 Anomaly, a planned crew flight to the Salyut-4 space station aborted shortly after launch due to an incomplete separation of the rocker's third stage. (nasa.gov)
The first Soviet military station to launch was the Salyut-3, which took off on June 25, 1974. (howstuffworks.com)

As was happening in the United States in the mid-1950s, Soviet scientists and planners were beginning to turn their attention towards space. (popsci.com)
However, scientists from other countries have repeatedly praised the openness and cooperative spirit that have characterized Soviet participation in the Halley program. (csmonitor.com)

On this day in 1942 Soviet troops counter-attacked at Stalingrad and surrounded German troops. (scotsman.com)
A new bust of Soviet leader Josef Stalin has been unveiled in Volgograd - formerly known as Stalingrad - in connection with the eightieth anniversary of the Soviet victory in the gruesome Battle of Stalingrad (1942-43). (russianlife.com)

A Soviet spacecraft , modeled after the American Space Shuttle. (yourdictionary.com)
Aided by the unclassified status of the technology used to design the American space shuttle, the KGB spy agency collected detailed plans that allowed the Soviets to save years and billions of dollars in developing its own version of the spacecraft. (history.com)

While some of the Soviet space shuttle vehicles were dismantled, versions of the spacecraft are on display at the Baikonur Cosmodrome's museum and at a technology museum in Speyer, Germany. (history.com)
Harrison A. Storms, Jr., (1915-1992) helped design Apollo spacecraft and many other aerospace vehicles. (si.edu)

NASA's Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecraft are still chugging along out of the solar system , despite the fact they were launched more than 43 years ago. (astronomy.com)
They sent a test signal from the dish to Voyager 2 that included specific commands for the spacecraft to execute. (astronomy.com)

Military space stations grew out of America's space race -- and the Cold War -- with the Soviets. (howstuffworks.com)

It really was one of those last hurrahs for the Soviet spaceflight program because it was one of the last times they were able to preempt the Americans in any real way," Cathy Lewis, international space program curator for the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum, told Discover in 2018. (astronomy.com)
But if you subscribe to this narrative of technological stumbles and political failure, then you're missing an important, not to mention fascinating, part of the story of global computerization-one in which Soviet teenagers latched onto a popular sci-fi novel of adventure and self-discovery and taught themselves and each other how to program using the only means available to them: the programmable calculator. (ieee.org)
The special report, titled "The Soviet Space Program Ten Years After Sputnick [ sic ] I," was not very long, and it is far more general and less detailed than higher-level reports produced for decision makers at that same time. (thespacereview.com)
The report's introduction noted that there were essentially three conceptual models that people used to try and explain the Soviet space program. (thespacereview.com)
The Soviets themselves frequently had characterized their program as purely scientific and not competitive with the United States. (thespacereview.com)
The report's authors observed that the Soviets "were surprisingly slow in correcting the deficiencies plaguing this program, a failing that has been noted in other parts of the space effort, too. (thespacereview.com)
This interview was published in the collection: Slava Gerovitch, Voices of the Soviet Space Program: Cosmonauts, Soldiers, and Engineers Who Took the USSR into Space (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014). (mit.edu)
The program itself was put on ice because "the Soviet Ministry of Defense fully realized the lack of purpose for the system, compared to its tremendous cost," Zak wrote. (space.com)
The articles provided data from every manned US space program except Project Mercury , as well as from 3 Soviet space stations. (cdc.gov)

The sample capsule will parachute into the Utah desert as its mothership, the Osiris-Rex spacecraft, zooms off for an encounter with another asteroid. (courthousenews.com)
Four spacecraft took part in the Halley encounter -- the Soviet Union's Vega 1 and Vega 2, Japan's Suisei, and ESA's Giotto. (csmonitor.com)

Uncrewed resupply spacecraft are increasingly used for crewed space stations. (wikipedia.org)
Marooned in Moscow provides a fascinating account of one woman's entry into war-torn Russia in early 1920, first-person impressions of many in the top Soviet leadership, and accounts of the author's increasingly dangerous work as a journalist and spy, to say nothing of her work on behalf of prisoners, her two arrests, and her eventual ten-month-long imprisonment, including in the infamous Lubyanka prison. (russianlife.com)

Three years ago, the spacecraft swooped in and reached out with its 11-foot (3-meter) stick vacuum, momentarily touching the asteroid's surface and sucking up dust and pebbles. (courthousenews.com)
Dust bombarded the spacecraft at some 155,000 miles an hour. (csmonitor.com)

For some reason in those days it was believed that cosmonautics would develop at a great pace, that space flights would become regular and routine, that there would be built almost as many spacecraft as aircraft. (mit.edu)

Telerobotics becomes telepresence when the time delay is short enough to permit control of the spacecraft in close to real time by humans. (wikipedia.org)
the spacecraft is almost 151 AU from the Sun. That equates to about 21 hours of travel time for a one-way communication. (astronomy.com)
This alignment is critical, as it means that at any given time, most spacecraft should be able to communicate with at least one DSN site. (astronomy.com)
mission incredibly boring, spacecraft just drifting to conserve fuel most of the time. (astronautix.com)
However the mission was incredibly boring, the spacecraft just drifting to conserve fuel most of the time, and was 'just about the hardest thing I've ever done' according to a hyperactive Pete Conrad. (astronautix.com)

These cosmonauts underwent survival training, jet flight piloting, parachuting, centrifuge and isolation chamber training, physical fitness exercises, and education in spacecraft design and function. (wikisummaries.org)

The spacecraft will cover some 5.5 million miles, officials said. (nypost.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms7

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs3

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes15

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Named Groups1

Health Care9

Geographicals19

Cosmonaut8

Orbit21

NASA7

Soyuz9

Sputnik2

Union33

1960s4

Moon10

Astronauts3

Reusable Spacecraft1

Interplanetary spacecraft1

Venera4

19611

Buran6

Robotic spacecraft3

Country's1

NASA's Mariner1

Cosmonauts performed1

Flew1

19623

Luna2

Vostok7

19572

1970s2

Rocket7

19641

Earth's1

Successfully2

Venus4

Artificial satellite1

Rockets3

Spherical1

Russia's1

Cargo1

Lunar3

Earth3

Civilian1

19911

Exploration2

Korolev1

Measurements1

Jupiter1

Kilometers1

Gemini1

Salyut2

Scientists2

Stalingrad2

American2

Vehicles2

Voyager2

Cold War1

Program9

Encounter2

Increasingly2

Dust2

Aircraft1

Time5

Flight1

Officials1