Sound localization. Medical search. Frequent questions

These binaural cues are important for left-right (azimuthal) localization. (rochester.edu)
Virtual sound sources from thirteen lateral angles and four distances were simulated in the frontal horizontal plane using binaural room impulse responses measured in an everyday office. (njit.edu)
Humans localise sound-sources by using binaural and monaural acoustic cues contained in head-related transfer functions (HRTFs), which describe the direction-dependent filtering due to sound-wave interactions with the head and pinnae (outer ears). (nature.com)
Describe how having two ears makes it possible to determine the direction of origin of sounds (binaural hearing). (teachengineering.org)
16. [Sound localization cues of binaural hearing]. (nih.gov)
Binaural (two ear) input of sound to the brain can help with skills like localization and speech discrimination. (healthychildren.org)
A cochlear implant is the only device to offer binaural input, allow for sound localization and reduce tinnitus. (healthychildren.org)

The auditory system uses several cues for sound source localization, including time difference and level difference (or intensity difference) between the ears, and spectral information. (wikipedia.org)
These acoustic reflections are a part of a reverberant environment in which the reflections interfere with the direct sound arriving at the listener's ears, distorting the spatial cues for sound localization. (rebellionresearch.com)

Although humans can quickly localize sound sources in moderate reverberation, localization accuracy degrades in a stronger reverberant environment. (rebellionresearch.com)

Eleven CI users with normal hearing or moderate hearing loss in the contralateral ear completed a sound-localization task in monaural (CI-OFF) and bilateral (CI-ON) configurations. (nih.gov)
11. Contralateral routing of signals disrupts monaural level and spectral cues to sound localisation on the horizontal plane. (nih.gov)

Animals with the ability to localize sound have a clear evolutionary advantage. (wikipedia.org)
The brain utilizes subtle differences in intensity, spectral, and timing cues to allow us to localize sound sources. (wikipedia.org)
Scientists reverse-engineered the physics and biology behind the fly's abilities to localize sound and provided engineers with strategies to improve directional microphones that are small enough to use in hearing aids and help focus the aid on one sound source at a time. (nih.gov)

Several lines of evidence suggest that the three main sound localization cues are processed in separate functional pathways in the brainstem. (rochester.edu)
However, it can also be associated with nerve pathways that carry sound information in the brain or changes in the eardrum or in the small bones in the middle ear. (medlineplus.gov)
His laboratory investigates these mechanisms using excitatory and inhibitory brainstem pathways in the mammalian sound localization system. (nih.gov)

While this approach provides insights regarding the auditory cues that facilitate localization, it does not capture the complex nature of localization behavior in real-world environments. (nih.gov)
You can search for, listen to and read about numerous calls and other sounds made by elephants on The Elephant Ethogram: A Library of African Elephant Behavior here on elephantvoices.org . (elephantvoices.org)
10. Persistence and generalization of adaptive changes in auditory localization behavior following unilateral conductive hearing loss. (nih.gov)

The sound localization mechanisms of the mammalian auditory system have been extensively studied. (wikipedia.org)

Spectral cues contribute to the resolution of front/back confusions when different sound sources create the same interaural cues, and are critical for accurate localization of elevation in the midline where interaural cues are presumed to reduce to zero. (rochester.edu)

For listeners with one deaf ear and the other ear with normal/near-normal hearing (single-sided deafness [SSD]) or moderate hearing loss (asymmetric hearing loss), cochlear implants (CIs) can improve speech understanding in noise and sound-source localization. (nih.gov)
Our prior work has demonstrated that listeners can successfully locate virtual spatialized sounds, delivered over headphones, in a VAE using a mouse and screen to navigate the virtual world. (kylamcmullen.com)
Acoustic (that is, sound) signals are omni directional (i.e. they travel in all directions) and can be broadcast to a large audience of intended and unintended listeners, including those in view and those hidden from view. (elephantvoices.org)
These findings show that listeners do not always optimally adjust how localization cues are integrated over frequency in reverberant settings. (njit.edu)
On the other hand, a psychoacoustic study 4 that progressively smoothed HRTFs with a diminishing number of discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients, concluded that more than 16, and as many as 32 DCT coefficients are required for listeners to be unable to distinguish between virtual and real sound-sources. (nature.com)
Describe the situation in the experimental set-up in which listeners cannot detect the direction of sounds. (teachengineering.org)

18. Reaching to Sounds Improves Spatial Hearing in Bilateral Cochlear Implant Users. (nih.gov)

The sound waves vibrate the tympanic membrane (ear drum), causing the three bones of the middle ear to vibrate, which then sends the energy through the oval window and into the cochlea where it is changed into a chemical signal by hair cells in the organ of Corti, which synapse onto spiral ganglion fibers that travel through the cochlear nerve into the brain. (wikipedia.org)
8. Training spatial hearing in unilateral cochlear implant users through reaching to sounds in virtual reality. (nih.gov)
A cochlear implant consists of four parts: a microphone, sound processor, transmitter and electrode array. (healthychildren.org)
One study found that error in figuring out where a sound was coming from was decreased by 34% after receiving a cochlear implant. (healthychildren.org)
Signals were played in noisy environments and patients with the cochlear implant were observed to see if they could pick out the sound. (healthychildren.org)

Sound localization is a listener's ability to identify the location or origin of a detected sound in direction and distance. (wikipedia.org)

The spatial resolution and the dynamic range of the source maps can be improved by calculating a deconvolution of the sound source maps with the point spread function of the microphone array. (asme.org)
Virtual auditory environments (VAEs) can be used to communicate spatial information, with sound sources representing the location of objects. (kylamcmullen.com)
To identify how the brain implements spatial auditory attention, she records how neural activity in the primate dorsal auditory stream correlates with decisions that rely on both sound localization and selective spatial attention. (nih.gov)
5. Interactions between egocentric and allocentric spatial coding of sounds revealed by a multisensory learning paradigm. (nih.gov)

Sound waves above 20 kHz are known as ultrasound and are not audible to humans. (wikipedia.org)
Humans can externalise and localise sound-sources in three-dimensional (3D) space because approaching sound waves interact with the head and external ears, adding auditory cues by (de-)emphasising the level in different frequency bands depending on the direction of arrival. (nature.com)

Through the mechanisms of compression and rarefaction, sound waves travel through the air, bounce off the pinna and concha of the exterior ear, and enter the ear canal. (wikipedia.org)
Consequently, sound waves originating at any point along a given circumference slant height will have ambiguous perceptual coordinates. (wikipedia.org)
These ambiguities can be removed by tilting the head, which can introduce a shift in both the amplitude and phase of sound waves arriving at each ear. (wikipedia.org)
After the clapping stopped, their sound waves reflections will linger in the room for a short period after. (rebellionresearch.com)
SONAR and RADAR are extremely useful navigation systems because transmitting or finding vessels in a setting where the reverberations are not so high-underwater sound waves-is a simple procedure. (rebellionresearch.com)
In human physiology and psychology , sound is the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain . (wikipedia.org)
In air at atmospheric pressure, these represent sound waves with wavelengths of 17 meters (56 ft) to 1.7 centimeters (0.67 in). (wikipedia.org)
Sound waves below 20 Hz are known as infrasound . (wikipedia.org)
Acoustics is the interdisciplinary science that deals with the study of mechanical waves in gasses, liquids, and solids including vibration , sound, ultrasound, and infrasound. (wikipedia.org)
Sound can propagate through a medium such as air, water and solids as longitudinal waves and also as a transverse wave in solids . (wikipedia.org)
The sound waves are generated by a sound source, such as the vibrating diaphragm of a stereo speaker. (wikipedia.org)
Students learn about directional hearing and how our brains determine the direction of sounds by the difference in time between arrival of sound waves at our right and left ears. (teachengineering.org)
where sound waves are converted to nerve impulses that are sent to the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
The outer, middle, and inner ear function together to convert sound waves into nerve impulses. (msdmanuals.com)

b) signal detection and localization first step toward providing appropriate protective under similar conditions (Abel et al. (cdc.gov)
In some of the most challenging environments and work situations, the devices must protect hearing against hazardous continuous and impulse noise while maintaining good situational awareness (e.g. warning signal perception, sound localization, speech communication, detection of distant events) within the immediate surroundings and over radio communications. (cdc.gov)

Conductive hearing loss occurs when something blocks sound from reaching the sensory structures in the inner ear. (msdmanuals.com)

Most mammals are adept at resolving the location of a sound source using interaural time differences and interaural level differences. (wikipedia.org)
Sound localization is the process of determining the location of a sound source. (wikipedia.org)
The possibility of creating an apparent sound source elevated or de-elevated from its current physical location is presented in this study. (aes.org)
This paper presents beamforming techniques for source localization on aicraft in flight with a focus on the development at DLR in Germany. (asme.org)
Previous SSD-CI localization studies have used a single source with artificial sounds such as clicks or random noise. (nih.gov)
Sound Source Localization : What is it? (rebellionresearch.com)
As the name suggests, sound source localization means to determine where the sound of our source of interest originates. (rebellionresearch.com)
Sound source localization can be broken down further depending on the environment of where the sound originates from. (rebellionresearch.com)
Where can we use sound source localization? (rebellionresearch.com)
Sound source localization will help us isolate this person and determine where he or she is in the crowd. (rebellionresearch.com)
While this is a trivial example, multiple applications require sound source localization such as in hearing aids, robotics, navigation for ships as well as self-driving cars, and in surveillance too. (rebellionresearch.com)
Previous work in sound source localization has concerned the design of microphone arrays and the use of digital signal processing techniques. (rebellionresearch.com)
In our case, it is a sound source signal. (rebellionresearch.com)
Using a microphone array, beamforming will help isolate the source of the sound. (rebellionresearch.com)
However, when a microphone array is faced with multiple sound sources, the TDOA and beamforming approaches are not successful in finding the source. (rebellionresearch.com)
A new method, based on the phase information of the MUSIC spectra, for localization of very closed-source with the limited number of sensors, has been proposed in a journal paper. (rebellionresearch.com)
Results suggest that there is no significant performance difference when locating a single sound source. (kylamcmullen.com)
In the multi-source context, it was observed that the time taken to locate the first sound was significantly larger than the time taken to locate the remaining sounds. (kylamcmullen.com)
Headphones/sound system recommended) Some of the calls produced by elephants may be as powerful as 112 decibels (dB) recorded at 1 meter from the source. (elephantvoices.org)
Performance was greatest for a moving sound source that was in phase with the visual coherent dot motion compared with when it was in antiphase. (nih.gov)
Shinn-Cunningham, Barbara G. / Effect of source spectrum on sound localization in an everyday reverberant room . (njit.edu)
The sound source creates vibrations in the surrounding medium. (wikipedia.org)
As the source continues to vibrate the medium, the vibrations propagate away from the source at the speed of sound , thus forming the sound wave. (wikipedia.org)
Sound Source Localization with Non-calibrated Microphones. (uni-trier.de)
Beamforming is a type of audio array processing techniques used for interference reduction, sound source localization, and as pre-processing stage for audio event classification and speaker identification. (mdpi.com)
Determining where a sound is coming from (localization) and identifying its source become more challenging. (medlineplus.gov)
Ability to determine the specific location of a sound source. (bvsalud.org)

Through reflection, refraction and absorption, acoustic signals are degraded by the environment in ways that are often very much greater for high frequency sounds than for very low frequency sounds. (elephantvoices.org)
Dr. Lissek's core competences are related to electroacoustics , namely know-how on loudspeaker and microphone design, acoustic transmission lines description via lumped element models, as well as the design of arrays of transducers for sound reinforcement and acoustic imaging , especially for communication (line arrays, wave field synthesis) applications or noise metrology (beamforming, near-field holography, goniometry). (epfl.ch)
Together with this specific skill, he and his group claim a broader acoustic expertise such as the characterization and model of complex sound sources, including structure-fluid interactions, sound propagation models within complex 3D fields including weather effects and other fluid and thermodynamic interactions, and auditory issues of sound (namely psychoacoustics , including sound design). (epfl.ch)
Through deep research and development, Tantidym has tailored the acoustic cavity structure for superior sound quality output. (ear-phone-review.com)
This cavity structure was analyzed using Acoustic Structural Coupling ASI and Sound Transmission Loss STL techniques. (ear-phone-review.com)
In physics , sound is a vibration that propagates as an acoustic wave , through a transmission medium such as a gas, liquid or solid. (wikipedia.org)
A method and device are provided for maintaining or improving the audibility, localization and/ or intelligibility of sounds from electro-acoustic devices worn on the head or in the ear, such as headphones, headsets, hearing protectors, earplugs, and earbuds, as well as in combination with or built into hard hats and helmets, and for improving their comfort to the user. (cdc.gov)

Aiming to locate the object that emits a specified sound in complex scenes, the task of sounding object localization bridges two perception-oriented modalities of vision and acoustics, and brings enormous research value to the comprehensive perceptual understanding of machine intelligence. (nips.cc)

This translates the vertical orientation of the interaural axis horizontally, thereby leveraging the mechanism of localization on the horizontal plane. (wikipedia.org)

Of course, the importance of these ambiguities are vanishingly small for sound sources very close to or very far away from the subject, but it is these intermediate distances that are most important in terms of fitness. (wikipedia.org)
The localization of sound sources on aircraft in flight is performed using large microphone arrays. (asme.org)
However, these methods are defined for an environment without any vibration, so they do not help localize reverberated sound sources. (rebellionresearch.com)
however, for lateral sources, localization was less accurate for low-frequency noise than for high-frequency noise. (njit.edu)
Hearing aid users often complain of straining to focus on a single speech sound among competing sources at meetings, banquets, and sporting events. (nih.gov)
Perception of moving sound sources obeys different brain processes from those mediating the localization of static sound events. (springeropen.com)

Sound can also be viewed as an excitation of the hearing mechanism that results in the perception of sound. (wikipedia.org)

The first two cues arise as a result of the separation of the two ears in space, i.e., sound from one side of the head arrives at the farther ear delayed in time and attenuated in level with respect to that arriving at the nearer ear. (rochester.edu)
For instance, important time differences of arrival between the speech mixtures captured at the different microphones can appear, affecting the performance of classical sound separation algorithms. (aes.org)

Two experiments explored how frequency content impacts sound localization for sounds containing reverberant energy. (njit.edu)

Age-related hearing loss first affects the ability to hear high-frequency sounds, such as speech. (medlineplus.gov)
As the hearing loss worsens, it affects more frequencies of sound, making it difficult to hear more than just speech. (medlineplus.gov)
These signals are perceived as sound and coded into speech. (healthychildren.org)
Unfortunately, they also reduce speech and other important sounds from the environment, and a compromise in the amount of attenuation provided must be established for optimal protection, safety and work efficiency. (cdc.gov)

Experiments are under way to investigate how the neural circuitry of the auditory system is organized to encode and transform the representation of all three sound localization cues. (rochester.edu)
However, it is still not established how many eigenmodes are needed to ensure sufficient accuracy in either HRTF representation or sound-localization performance. (nature.com)

Experiment 1 compared localization judgments for one-octave-wide noise centered at either 750 Hz (low) or 6000 Hz (high). (njit.edu)

These cues are also used by other animals, such as birds and reptiles, but there may be differences in usage, and there are also localization cues which are absent in the human auditory system, such as the effects of ear movements. (wikipedia.org)
We are now performing experiments to investigate how all three sound localization cues are represented at various levels within the ascending auditory system and how the neural circuits are organized to create these representations. (rochester.edu)

Mostly, there was an agree tal sounds and warning signals. (cdc.gov)

Excellent texture and localization reproduction, and superb resolution. (ear-phone-review.com)
Everything you need for superb sound reproduction is contained in this monitor. (benq.com)

It accurately predicts the interaural amplitude difference (ITD) between the tympana for all incident sound angles, but fails to predict the interaural time delay (IAD) accurately for high incident sound angles. (aps.org)

Specific synaptic input strengths determine the computational properties of excitation - inhibition integration in a sound localization circuit. (epfl.ch)

Sound is the perceptual result of mechanical vibrations traveling through a medium such as air or water. (wikipedia.org)
The transduction from sound vibrations to a nerve ending stimulus takes place in the organ of Corti. (nih.gov)

Engineers use their understanding of the benefits of having two ears and how they help us determine the direction of origins of sounds to design technologies such as radar systems. (teachengineering.org)

Sensorineural hearing loss occurs when sound reaches the inner ear, but either sound cannot be translated into nerve impulses (sensory loss) or nerve impulses are not carried to the brain (neural loss). (msdmanuals.com)

Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by a problem in the cochlea or the auditory nerve, which are parts of the ear that help sound impulses reach the brain. (nih.gov)
An additional type of sensorineural loss is termed auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder, when sound can be detected but the signal is not sent correctly to the brain. (msdmanuals.com)

Neurons sensitive to interaural level differences (ILDs) are excited by stimulation of one ear and inhibited by stimulation of the other ear, such that the response magnitude of the cell depends on the relative strengths of the two inputs, which in turn, depends on the sound intensities at the ears. (wikipedia.org)
However, no such time or level differences exist for sounds originating along the circumference of circular conical slices, where the cone's axis lies along the line between the two ears. (wikipedia.org)

Common examples of subspace localization methods are the (MUSIC), Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariant Technique (ESPRIT) and root-MUSIC. (rebellionresearch.com)

A hearing aid works by amplifying sound to allow people to hear sounds that would not be audible. (nih.gov)

7. Certain, but incorrect: on the relation between subjective certainty and accuracy in sound localisation. (nih.gov)

In this case, sound is a stimulus. (wikipedia.org)

The transmitter then sends the sounds into electrical impulses through an electrode array, which takes the impulses to the auditory nerve. (healthychildren.org)

We used this new information to improve the existing model for hearing in \emph{O. ochracea} by adding a term that represents the tympana's elastic material response in the lateral direction and recovers observed IAD for all incident sound angles. (aps.org)

This study examined SSD-CI sound localization in a complex scenario where a target sound was added to or removed from a mixture of other environmental sounds, while tracking head movements to assess behavioral strategy. (nih.gov)

For example, sound moving through wind will have its speed of propagation increased by the speed of the wind if the sound and wind are moving in the same direction. (wikipedia.org)

[2] An audio engineer , on the other hand, is concerned with the recording, manipulation, mixing, and reproduction of sound. (wikipedia.org)

The moving air causes the vocal chords to vibrate at a particular frequency depending upon the type of sound the elephant is making. (elephantvoices.org)

Student pairs use experimental set-ups that include the headset portions of stethoscopes to investigate directional hearing by testing each other's ability to identify the direction from which sounds originate. (teachengineering.org)
Sound localization , or the ability to identify the origin of a sound. (healthychildren.org)

Anatomy17

Organisms9

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs3

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Psychiatry and Psychology17

Phenomena and Processes25

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Health Care1

Binaural7

Cues for sound2

Reverberation1

Monaural2

Localize sound3

Pathways3

Behavior3

Mammalian1

Spectral1

Listeners6

Bilateral Cochlear Implant Users1

Cochlear5

Listener's1

Spatial4

Humans2

Waves14

Detection2

Conductive1

Source27

Acoustic7

Acoustics1

Horizontal1

Sources6

Perception1

Separation2

Reverberant1

Speech4

Representation2

Noise1

Auditory system2

Signals1

Superb2

Interaural time1

Excitation1

Vibrations2

ENGINEERS1

Inner ear1

Brain2

Ears2

Signal1

Audible1

Accuracy1

Stimulus1

Nerve1

Model1

Complex1

Propagation1

Reproduction1

Type1

Ability2