Sorting signals and protein protein interactions. Medical search. Frequent questions

TASK-1 channels are sensitive to a wide array of physiological and pharmacological mediators that affect their activity such as unsaturated fatty acids, extracellular pH, hypoxia, anaesthetics and intracellular signalling pathways. (ersjournals.com)
Proteins function as the main components of the physiological metabolic and signaling pathways of cells. (uclahealth.org)
The sorts of proteins we are interested are pathogen receptors, components of signal transduction pathways that elaborate the immune response, and pathogen virulence molecules called effectors that seek to destroy immunity. (edu.au)
This study was designed to identify signaling pathways and crucial proteins involved in the pathological mechanism of KBD compared with osteoarthritis (OA). (nature.com)
KEGG pathways enrichment and PPI network indicate four major pathways, including extracellular matrix -receptor interaction, focal adhesion, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Protein kinase B (Akt), and Ras signaling pathways were involved in the degeneration of cartilage. (nature.com)
In conclusion, our results demonstrated that compared with OA, the differential abundance proteins and signaling pathways may contribute to the occurrence and development of joint damage in KBD. (nature.com)
The database enables the analysis of these data in the context of signaling pathways, protein-protein interactions, gene ontology terms, protein domains, and post-translational modifications," they add. (genomeweb.com)
Cross-talk of the MAPK signaling pathway with other proteins and signaling pathways have a crucial impact on clinical outcomes of targeted therapies and plays important role during development of drug resistance in cancers. (mdpi.com)
We discuss cross-talk of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway with other signaling pathways, in particular interplay with the Hippo/MST pathway. (mdpi.com)
The modulation of cell cycle control mechanisms, cellular regulatory and signaling pathways by oncogenic viruses, plays an important role in viral carcinogenesis. (ac.ir)
Different signaling pathways play a part in the carcinogenesis that occurs in a cell. (ac.ir)
Among these pathways, the Wnt signaling pathway plays a predominant role in carcinogenesis and is known as a central cellular pathway in the development of tumors. (ac.ir)
There are three Wnt signaling pathways that are well identified, including the canonical or Wnt/β-catenin dependent pathway, the noncanonical or β-catenin-independent planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, and the noncanonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway. (ac.ir)
Signaling pathways in cancer and embryonic stem cells. (ac.ir)
7. Komiya Y, Habas R. Wnt signal transduction pathways. (ac.ir)
Surprisingly, the regulatory activity of glypicans in the Wnt, Hedgehog and BMP signaling pathways is only partially dependent on the heparan sulfate chains. (biomedcentral.com)
This sequence is raft associated and sufficient to target PC1 (its native molecule) or a reporter protein to the regulated secretory pathways. (nih.gov)
Optogenetics offers a set of tools for the precise manipulation of signaling pathways. (optobase.org)
Tumor suppressors, oncogenes and alternatively deregulated upstream signalling pathways can directly influence the RNA polymerase I activity inducing hyper activation of rRNA transcription in cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Nucleolar activity is also influenced by the interaction between pathways activated from extracellular signals in order to coordinate ribosome synthesis and cell proliferation [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Generally, these receptors explain their function on the cell membrane where, after the binding with growth factors or neuregulin undergo to homo or hetero oligomerization with the activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and the subsequent recruitment of proteins involved in the cytoplasmic signalling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)

It is a fascinating area because the pathogens always seek to evolve new proteins to overcome host immunity, and the plants must change their receptors and use innovative mechanisms to trap the pathogens. (edu.au)
The cell counters RNA viruses with innate immune pattern-recognition receptors, such as the RNA helicase RIG-I, which recognise particular viral RNA structural motifs (e.g. 5′ triphosphate-dsRNA) as non-self, thus activating a signalling pathway leading to interferon production and establishment of the anti-viral state. (embl.org)
The role of biomembranes in signal transduction via membrane receptors, cell-cell-, and cell-matrix interactions. (biomembranes.nl)
here, discrete export signals on the cargo are recognized and captured by specific receptors that are concentrated at sites of vesicle budding. (biologists.com)
This process depends on the general physico-chemical features of the cargo membrane protein and on the interactions of these features with the collective properties of the bilayer, instead of the one-to-one intermolecular interactions that exist between discrete signals and their receptors. (biologists.com)
In the case of Wnt, it has been proposed that the stimulatory mechanism is based on the ability of glypicans to facilitate and/or stabilize the interaction of Wnts with their signaling receptors, the Frizzled proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
SNAREs (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor adaptor protein receptors) are small polypeptides characterized by a particular domain, the SNARE motif, that can form a coiled-coil structure. (unisalento.it)
One approach tries to identify motifs recognized by the sorting proteins and receptors of the protein transport machinery to move protein products from the cytosol to other subcellular locations [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Since the EGFR signalling promotes proliferation in tumor the EGFR receptors often represent a marker of resistance with poor prognosis. (biomedcentral.com)
2004) and subsequently to report on selective Aβ dependent alterations in synaptic proteins and neurotransmitter receptors, including surface glutamate receptors and PSD-95 (Almeida et al. (lu.se)

Constitutive activation of oncogenic RAS perturbs several cellular signaling cascades, including the MAPK pathway, which RAS accesses via activation of RAF kinase at the plasma membrane (PM). (researchsquare.com)
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway which allows the transduction of various cellular signals to final effectors and regulation of elementary cellular processes. (mdpi.com)
Targeted inhibition of individual kinases of the MAPK signaling pathway using synthetic compounds represents a promising way to effective anti-cancer therapy. (mdpi.com)
Most of the oncogenic viruses modulate the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. (ac.ir)
This review discusses the interaction between proteins of several human oncogenic viruses with the Wnt signaling pathway. (ac.ir)
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus G-protein coupled receptor activates the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. (ac.ir)
The Wnt pathway: a key network in cell signalling dysregulated by viruses. (ac.ir)
In response, viruses deploy proteins as counter-counter-measures to dampen the immune response, for instance, by supressing the RIG-I signalling pathway. (embl.org)
Most plasma membrane proteins are sorted by the trans -Golgi network (TGN) in the conventional secretory pathway. (jneurosci.org)
In this Commentary, I review evidence in favor of the idea that partitioning of TMDs into bilayer domains that are endowed with distinct physico-chemical properties plays a pivotal role in the transport of membrane proteins within the early secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
The combination of such self-organizational phenomena with canonical intermolecular interactions is most likely to control the release of membrane proteins from the ER into the secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
Dr. Law and her colleagues have already linked NRG1-IV and its receptor, ErbB4, to alterations in a signaling pathway called PI3K. (bbrfoundation.org)
Since the processing enzymes (PC1, PC2 and CPE) are active only within the high Ca 2+, low pH environment of the secretory granule, they must be sorted along with their prohormone substrates to the regulated secretory pathway. (nih.gov)
Extrapolating/Translating these values to the membrane of a "normal sized" cell yields a raft abundance, that, by far, outnumbers the membrane-associated pathway components of most individual signaling pathway, such as receptor and kinases. (frontiersin.org)
Our simulation experiments indicate, that for receptor/raft ratios smaller than 1, i.e., when the number of raft compartments clearly exceeds the number of pathway specific membrane proteins, we observe significant decrease in LRP6 phosphorylation and downstream pathway activity. (frontiersin.org)
Our results suggest that pathway specific targeting and sorting mechanism are required to significantly narrow down the receptor/raft ratio and to enable the formation of the LRP6 signalosome, hence signaling. (frontiersin.org)
For most individual signaling pathway, this quantitative point of view would imply, that rafts clearly outnumber the membrane-associated pathway components, such as receptor and kinases. (frontiersin.org)
In the poster section, Joanna Shisler (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [UIUC], Urbana) reported that the modified virus, Ankara, activates nuclear factor κB through the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, possibly facilitating the host immune response. (cdc.gov)
We provided evidence for Aβ-dependent dysfunction in the ubiquitin proteasome system and multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway (Almeida et al. (lu.se)
In addition, we provided insights into Aβ modulation of the mTOR pathway, a central signaling pathway that is implicated in aging, synaptic plasticity and autophagy (Ma et al. (lu.se)
In the poster section, Joanna Shisler (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [UIUC], Urbana) reported that the modified virus, Ankara, activates nuclear factor κB through the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal–regulated kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, possibly facilitating the host immune response. (cdc.gov)

Microdomains or lipid rafts greatly affect the distribution of proteins and peptides in the membrane and play a vital role in the formation and activation of receptor/protein complexes. (frontiersin.org)
The present results would suggest a possibility of non-receptor-mediated disorder in signaling through a modulation of a membrane dynamics induced by the association of amyloidogenic peptides on a plasma membrane. (epj.org)
Nearly 39% of the ESTs were predicted to encode proteins of fungal origin and among these, 162 ESTs were predicted to contain N-terminal signal peptides (SPs) in their deduced open reading frames (ORFs). (biomedcentral.com)
To improve site-specific cleavage of a methionyl porcine growth hormone [[Met1]-pGH(1-46)-IGF-II] fusion protein by the enzyme H64A subtilisin, a series of flexible, unstructured spacer peptides were introduced N-terminal to the cleavage site. (edu.au)
When enzymatic digestion preceded refolding of the fusion proteins, IGF-II could only be liberated from substrates which contained spacer peptides. (edu.au)
Water 2H and 17O spin relaxation is used to study water dynamics in the hydration layers of two small peptides, two globular proteins and in living cells of two microorganisms. (lu.se)
This distribution comprises a small fraction of protein-specific hydration sites, where water rotation is strongly retarded, and a dominant fraction of generic hydration sites, where water rotation is as fast as in the hydration shells of small peptides. (lu.se)

Rafts may serve to cluster protein complexes, such as those involved in signal transduction, thereby facilitating signaling. (nih.gov)

These functions include coupling cytoskeletal force generation to strongly adherent sites on the cell surface and the regulation of intracellular signaling events. (embl.de)
GO analysis shows that the differential abundant proteins are associated with cell junction and signal transducer activity from extracellular to intracellular. (nature.com)
Recent ultrastructural analyses have provided evidence for intracellular sorting of antenna structures in the epibiont cells, which occurs exclusively when they are in the symbiotic state. (dsmz.de)

While the broad heterogeneity in lateral diffusion observed by SPT (Fig. 1 A) is indicative of multiple RAS sub-populations that have distinct patterns of interaction with lipids and other cellular components, it provides little insights on local lipid environments and their effect on RAS behavior. (researchsquare.com)
This enables cells to communicate and respond to external environments, maintain cellular homeostasis, and transduce signals. (mdpi.com)
Amino acid sequences found in transported proteins that selectively guide the distribution of the proteins to specific cellular compartments. (umassmed.edu)
The Cusack group uses X-ray crystallography and cryo electron-microscopy (cryoEM) to study the structural biology of protein-RNA complexes involved in RNA virus replication, innate immunity and cellular RNA metabolism. (embl.org)
Proteins perform their functions in associated cellular locations. (biomedcentral.com)
A third approach, which is complementary, exploits the differences in amino acid composition of proteins associated to different cellular locations, and can be useful if motif and homology information are missing. (biomedcentral.com)
The cell's functional machinery - proteins - need to be present at specific cellular compartments so that cells can function properly. (biomedcentral.com)
Ritchlin is co-leading a new research team dedicated to psoriatic spectrum diseases as part of the $64.5 million Autoimmune and Immune-Mediated Diseases Program (AIM) of the Accelerating Medicine Partnership (AMP), a huge public-private partnership involving the National Institutes of Health that is collecting and analyzing troves of biological data in order to better understand the cellular and molecular compositions and interactions that lead to disease. (medscape.com)
I am currently studying novel roles of complement proteins, with focuses on C3 and CD59 and how they affect cellular function in various systems, with particular focus within the pancreatic islet. (lu.se)

Both the membrane asymmetry and the lateral partitioning into so-called ordered and disordered membrane domains play an important role for the sorting and trafficking of membrane constituents to the cell plasma membrane, enable the proximity of cascading molecules for efficient signaling, provide a directionality for cell growth, sensing, and migration, or affect endocytosis. (frontiersin.org)
Cadherins are a group of transmembrane proteins that serve as the major adhesion molecules located within adherens junctions. (embl.de)
Moreover, integrins, laminins, NF-κB and other regulative molecules were found as crucial proteins. (nature.com)
The nature of this pocket strongly suggests a role in lipid or fatty acid binding, and we propose that these molecules represent a new class of conserved lipid transfer proteins. (figshare.com)
Regulated secretion by glands and neurons requires release of signalling molecules and enzymes selectively concentrated in dense-core granules (DCGs). (bioerc-iend.org)
They are then BAY 61-3606 sorted from non-DCG proteins by specific interactions with IL18RAP adaptor molecules [2] and condense together in a maturation process that requires intraluminal Ca2+ ions and acidification [3 4 By studying DCG biogenesis in cultured mammalian secretory cells some key regulators have been identified. (bioerc-iend.org)
A number of signalling molecules have been implicated in regulating secretion. (bioerc-iend.org)

Jiang Y, Cheng Z, Mandon EC, Gilmore R. An interaction between the SRP receptor and the translocon is critical during cotranslational protein translocation. (umassmed.edu)
On the other hand, GPC3 has recently been reported to inhibit Hedgehog protein signaling during development by competing with Patched, the Hedgehog receptor, for Hedgehog binding. (biomedcentral.com)
Using a number of techniques such as pulse-chase, subcellular fractionation, lipid analysis by quantitative TLC and fluorescence immunocytochemistry, we have demonstrated that cholesterol is the most abundant lipid in the membranes of the TGN and secretory granules, and that the function of CPE as a sorting receptor is dependent on cholesterol. (nih.gov)
We had developed a system in which the interaction of a modified T cell receptor (TCR) with an engineered ligand can be controlled by light. (optobase.org)
To mount appropriate responses, T cells integrate complex sequences of receptor stimuli perceived during transient interactions with antigen-presenting cells. (optobase.org)

This entry represents the extracellular repeated domains found in cadherins and related proteins. (embl.de)
Cadherins form protein complexes with cytoplasmic proteins (catenins) that convert the specific, homophilic-binding capacity of the extracellular domain into stable cell adhesion. (embl.de)
For stage one, we trained multiple Support Vector Machines (SVMs) to score eukaryotic protein sequences for membership to each of three categories: nuclear, cytoplasmic and extracellular, plus extra category nucleocytoplasmic, accounting for the fact that a large number of proteins shuttles between those two locations. (biomedcentral.com)

BteA, a 69-kDa cytotoxic protein, is a type III secretion system (T3SS) effector in the classical Bordetella, the etiological agents of pertussis and related mammalian respiratory diseases. (nih.gov)
These lipid fingerprints are coupled to RAS dynamics, predicted to influence effector binding, and therefore may be a mechanism for regulating cell signaling cascades. (researchsquare.com)
You will use a new interaction method to find host immune targets of a bacterial effector protein, and use mass spectrometry to identify the targets. (edu.au)
Eleven candidate effector genes were identified based on features common to characterized fungal effectors, i.e. they encode small, soluble (lack of transmembrane domain), cysteine-rich proteins with a putative SP. (biomedcentral.com)

A prominent example for the decisive impact of lipid rafts on signaling is LRP6, whose localization to the same lipid rafts domain as the kinase CK1γ is crucial for its successful phosphorylation and the subsequent activation of the signalosome, hence WNT/β-catenin signaling. (frontiersin.org)

The researchers showed that in mice, NRG1-IV alters the balance of excitatory and inhibitory signals in the brain-an imbalance also seen in people with schizophrenia. (bbrfoundation.org)
Depending on the context, glypicans may have a stimulatory or inhibitory activity on signaling. (biomedcentral.com)

The coat on the budding vesicle comprises two layers, an inner layer of adaptor proteins (gray ovals) and an outer layer that forms a polyhedral cage. (biologists.com)

For membrane proteins, a third mechanism, based on the interaction of their transmembrane domain (TMD) with lipid microdomains, must also be considered. (biologists.com)
four DCGs are typically released immediately increasing BMP signalling primarily via an autocrine mechanism. (bioerc-iend.org)
Our analysis therefore reveals an autocrine BMP-mediated feedback mechanism for matching DCG release to replenishment as secretion rates fluctuate and might explain why in other disease-relevant systems like pancreatic β-cells BMP signalling is also implicated in the control of secretion. (bioerc-iend.org)
Oddly enough BMP signalling impacts secretion in additional cell types such as BAY 61-3606 for example pancreatic β-cells recommending feasible evolutionary conservation of the homeostatic mechanism. (bioerc-iend.org)
By better understanding the mechanism of function of both of these proteins, we hope to develop potential future treatments for diabetes. (lu.se)

In a study published March 29 in the journal Science Signaling, the team demonstrates their use of network-scale proteomic experiments and mathematical analyses to build a "system-wide" view of how signaling mutations cause leukemia and to identify points of susceptibility that can be targeted by "cocktail" therapies to prevent drug resistance. (uclahealth.org)
One such widely used technique is protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses, which is considered valuable in interpreting the function of HPs [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
notably, integration of proteomics data with in situ subcellular microscopic analyses showed a high abundance of cytoskeleton proteins associated with acidified PBs at the early development stages. (nature.com)
Here we present detailed analyses of the sorting nexin proteins that contain regulator of G-protein signalling domains (SNX-RGS proteins), providing a key example of the ability of AlphaFold2 to reveal novel structures with previously unsuspected biological functions. (figshare.com)
Sequence analyses of unigenes revealed four potential groups: hydrolases, cell envelope associated proteins (CEAPs), candidate effectors and other proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

Moreover, cell signalling, endocytosis and exocytosis of highly toxic substances have to be regulated very tightly to prevent systemic damage to healthy cells. (frontiersin.org)

This approach has the advantage that it can be applied to any set of compartments and proteins, provided one has enough data. (biomedcentral.com)

Across the whole genome, approximately 2% of the genes code for proteins, while the remaining are non-coding or still functionally unknown [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These known-unknown regions for which no functional links are discovered, i.e. those with no biochemical properties or obvious relatives in protein and nucleic acid databases are known as orphan genes, and the end products are called HPs [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Proteomic results were analyzed with gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and protein-protein interactions (PPI). (nature.com)
The genome of oncogenic viruses carries genes that have protein products that act as oncoproteins in cell proliferation and transformation. (ac.ir)
The online Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) was used to find the genes and proteins that correlate to SLC31A1. (bvsalud.org)
So far, such genes have not been found in any of the free living green sulfur bacteria, indicating a specific role in the interaction. (dsmz.de)
Below is a non-exhaustive list of in-house infrastructures that are categorized into three overarching themes: bio-imaging, proteins, genes & cells and other resources. (lu.se)
In addition to infrastructures for bioimaging, protein and genes & cells, we also provide other resources e.g., databases, networks and specialized labs. (lu.se)

In particular, we use mass spectrometry-based proteomics to measure the activity of proteins involved in mediating the signals that cause cancer cells to grow uncontrollably," said Liudmilla Rubbi, a researcher at UCLA's Crump Institute who helped design the project. (uclahealth.org)
While high-throughput experimental methods like the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) method and mass spectrometry are available to discern the function of proteins, the datasets generated by these methods tend to be incomplete and generate false positives [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
With the help of various forms of mass spectrometry, synchrotron radiation, protein production & labelling, and bioinformatics, our facilities provide the opportunity to study protein structure and dynamics, molecular probes and drug design. (lu.se)

In addition to lateral segregation, all biological membranes expose an asymmetry in composition between the inner cytosolic and the outer membrane leaflets that is both actively maintained (e.g. by flippases or asymmetric biosysnthesis and degradation of lipids) and partly passively underpinned by membrane curvature and specific protein-lipid interactions. (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, characterizing the uncharacterized proteins helps to understand the biological architecture of the cell [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Structure, function and organization of lipids and proteins in biological membranes. (biomembranes.nl)

Different computational methods have been designed for estimating protein function based on the information generated from sequence similarity, subcellular localization, phylogenetic profiles, mRNA expression profiles, homology modelling etc. [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The subcellular localization of EZH2 protein was predicted by using different predictors (CELLO, Euk-mPLoc, WoLF PSORT, and TargetP). (hindawi.com)
The review particularly focusses on signal networks and cytoskeletal components that together control subcellular contraction patterns to perform functions on the level of cells and tissues, such as directional migration and multicellular rearrangements during development. (optobase.org)
In this study we explored the relationship between residue exposure and protein subcellular location. (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, the computational prediction of subcellular location from protein sequence information has been attempted mainly using three approaches. (biomedcentral.com)

The N-terminal domain of BteA is multifunctional, acting as a docking platform for its cognate chaperone (BtcA) in the bacterium, and targeting the protein to lipid raft microdomains within the eukaryotic host cell. (nih.gov)
RAS is a signaling protein associated with the cell membrane that is mutated in 30% of human cancers. (researchsquare.com)
RAS signaling has been proposed to be regulated by dynamic heterogeneity of the cell membrane. (researchsquare.com)
The RAS subfamily comprises peripheral membrane proteins with a conserved globular GTP-binding domain (G-domain)( 7 ) that is tethered to the cell membrane by a prenylated ~ 20 residue C-terminal domain called the hypervariable region (HVR)( 8, 9 ). (researchsquare.com)
RAS proteins function as molecular switches whose active conformations, stabilized by GTP binding, interact with several protein effectors to control cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and migration( 10 ). (researchsquare.com)
They may play an important role in the sorting of different cell types during morphogenesis, histogenesis and regeneration. (embl.de)
Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) and LMP2A Collaborate To Promote Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced B Cell Lymphomas in a Cord Blood-Humanized Mouse Model but Are Not Essential. (ac.ir)
20. Morrison JA, Raab-Traub N. Roles of the ITAM and PY motifs of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2A in the inhibition of epithelial cell differentiation and activation of {beta}-catenin signaling. (ac.ir)
The PX domain is a phosphoinositide (PI) binding module present in many proteins with diverse functions such as cell signaling, vesicular trafficking, protein sorting, and lipid modification, among others. (nih.gov)
Furthermore mating-dependent BMP signalling not only promotes cell growth but is also necessary to accelerate biogenesis of new DCGs restoring DCG number within 24 h. (bioerc-iend.org)
How can this protein shell be strong enough to remain intact as it enters a host cell, and yet quickly open up to release the viral genome after replication? (elifesciences.org)
Direct investigation of cell contraction signal networks by light-based perturbation methods. (optobase.org)
Key features of light-based methods that enable highly local and fast perturbations are highlighted, and how experimental strategies can capitalize on these features to uncover causal relationships in the complex signal networks that control cell contraction. (optobase.org)
Although it has been hypothesized that the dynamics of these interactions influence the outcome of T cell activation, methodological limitations have hindered its formal demonstration. (optobase.org)
The cells form specific cell-cell-adhesion structures and exchange multiple signals. (dsmz.de)
WNT signaling regulates central developmental processes of the cell, including cell fate, cell proliferation, cell migration and adult homeostasis. (frontiersin.org)
While the steady-state existence in the size and shape of liquid-ordered microdomains in cell membranes, the so-called "lipid rafts", still remain the subject of debate, glycosphingolipid-cholesterol rich regions in plasma membranes have been considered to have a function as platforms for signaling and sorting. (epj.org)
Immunoprecipitation of flotillin-1 protein from BT-20 cell extracts. (cellsignal.jp)
In this context, during any sort of stress condition the alternative reading frame protein p14ARF subtracts MDM2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, from the interaction with p53 in manner to free and stabilise p53 level in the nucleolus of the cell where it inhibits RNA polymerase I activity [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The cell- ations in these signals (see Table 1 for a glossary of terms). (lu.se)
A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)
fication and isolation via fluorescence-activated cell sort- ing (FACS). (lu.se)

Cytoplasmic interactions can influence the function of the ectodomain by a number of potential mechanisms, including redistribution of binding sites into clusters, providing cytoskeletal anchorage, and mediating physiological regulation of cadherin function. (embl.de)

Taxonomic distribution of proteins containing CA domain. (embl.de)

In vivo evidence published so far indicates that the main function of membrane-attached glypicans is to regulate the signaling of Wnts, Hedgehogs, fibroblast growth factors and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). (biomedcentral.com)

While many proteins often interact with other proteins towards expediting their functions, there are challenges that are not just limited to their function but also to their regulation [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
For organisms with a high degree of epigenetic regulation and chromosomal organization immuno-stimulatory repeats release a danger signal, such as repeats released after p53 mutations . (codondex.com)

Disruption of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL by viral proteins as a possible cause of cancer. (ac.ir)

structural changes occur or downstream channels are activated to achieve signal transmission or factor release, allowing efficient and controllable disease treatment. (optobase.org)

Secretory proteins exit the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles and then progress through the Golgi complex before delivery to their final destination. (biologists.com)
The amphipathic alpha helical region of the processing enzymes may therefore serve dual functions: as a membrane anchor within lipid microdomains of the TGN and secretory granules, and as a sorting domain. (nih.gov)

Its function is regulated by several kinases, phosphatase and protein-protein interactions. (helsinki.fi)

Using potato virus X (PVX) based transient expression assays, we showed that one of the candidate effectors, i. e. contig 8 that encodes a cerato-platanin (CP) domain containing protein, unlike CP proteins from other fungal pathogens was unable to elicit a hypersensitive response (HR). (biomedcentral.com)

Mandon EC, Trueman SF, Gilmore R. Protein translocation across the rough endoplasmic reticulum. (umassmed.edu)

Now, a multidisciplinary team of researchers at UCLA has developed a "roadmap" of the complex signaling processes involved in cancer that could lead to new methods for diagnosing and overcoming such drug resistance. (uclahealth.org)
Soluble cargo can be recruited to ER exit sites by signal-mediated processes (cargo capture) or by bulk flow. (biologists.com)
Here we show that AtSYP51 interacts directly with a non-SNARE protein, AtNLM1, probably regulating autophagocytosis processes. (unisalento.it)

June 23, 2022 A team of scientists has revealed how excess tau -- a key protein implicated in Alzheimer's disease -- impairs signaling between neurons in the brains of mice. (sciencedaily.com)
NRG1-IV, a protein that helps control the development and function of neurons, is overabundant in the brains of people with the schizophrenia who have a specific genetic variant in the NRG1 gene. (bbrfoundation.org)
The protein also interfered with neuronal development, reducing the density of communication junctions, called synapses, between neurons. (bbrfoundation.org)
Author Summary Glands and neurons concentrate and store the signals that they secrete in dense-core granules (DCGs). (bioerc-iend.org)

Electrophysiological studies in Xenopus oocytes for the opening of Escherichia coli SecA-dependent protein-conducting channels. (umassmed.edu)
We also found that sorting of PC1 is mostly dependent on a transmembrane domain (aa617-638). (nih.gov)

Genome-wide predictions of protein structures are providing unprecedented insights into their architecture and intradomain interactions, and applications have already progressed towards assessing protein complex formation. (figshare.com)
Therefore computational prediction of protein features from their sequence is often used for designing strategies for experimental characterization of proteins and is also important for genome annotation and drug target identification [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Further investigation of their regulative roles and interaction may provide new insights into the pathological mechanisms and therapeutic targets for KBD. (nature.com)
These large proteins are conserved in most eukaryotes and are known to associate with lipid droplets (LDs) and sites of LD-membrane contacts, with key roles in regulating lipid metabolism. (figshare.com)

Recent advances in protein structure prediction using machine learning such as AlphaFold2 and RosettaFold presage a revolution in structural biology. (figshare.com)

A team of scientists has pioneered new technology that detects in human blood platelets the pathological oligomeric forms of brain tau protein in patients with Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders, leading toward high relevance findings for the research community. (sciencedaily.com)
Drs. Maccioni and Farías have pioneered the technology that detects in human blood platelets the pathological oligomeric forms of brain tau protein in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. (sciencedaily.com)
Deregulation of the MAPK signaling occurs under many pathological conditions including neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic syndromes and cancers. (mdpi.com)

Preferential interaction of RAS with anionic lipids is mediated by 11 positively charged lysines in its HVR( 19 ). (researchsquare.com)
Biogenesis of membranes and the transport and sorting of lipids and proteins. (biomembranes.nl)

Exploring the interactions between signal sequences and E. coli SRP by two distinct and complementary crosslinking methods. (umassmed.edu)
Use of synthetic signal sequences to explore the protein export machinery. (umassmed.edu)
Protein location can be predicted either from the sequence of a protein alone by identification of targeting peptide sequences and motifs, or by homology to proteins of known location. (biomedcentral.com)
Currently, most protein sequences in databases are the result of translation of hypothetical transcripts derived from genomic sequencing data [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Molecularly targeted drugs inhibit the 'signaling' consequences of these mutational events. (uclahealth.org)

In addition, recent spectroscopic studies show that the interaction between monosialoganglioside and amyloid beta (A β protein promotes the transition of A β from the native structure to the cross-beta fold in amyloid aggregates. (epj.org)

We find these DCGs contain a particular signalling molecule the Bone tissue Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) Decapentaplegic (Dpp). (bioerc-iend.org)

absence of detection of known motifs cannot be used to imply that a protein remains in the cytosol. (biomedcentral.com)

This produces a population of antibodies with varying affinities for other proteins, depending on the size, shape, and electrostatic charge of the amino acids. (hackaday.com)

SNAREs also interact with several proteins acting as regulators of SNARE-complex formation. (unisalento.it)
It was also shown that plasma membrane SNAREs can be phosphorylated as part of the signaling cascade elicited by interaction with microorganisms or hormonal stimulation and that they influence turnover of channels. (unisalento.it)
3) Grefen C, Blatt MR. (2008) SNAREs--molecular governors in signalling and development. (unisalento.it)

Based on proteome annotation and a homology search, 94 proteins associated with the endomembrane system were identified that exhibited significant changes in abundance during grain development. (nature.com)

The differential abundance proteins from KBD and OA were validated using western blot analysis. (nature.com)
As a result, A total number of 375 proteins were identified to have differential abundance between KBD and OA, of which 121 and 254 proteins were observed to be up-regulated or down-regulated in KBD group. (nature.com)

The fact that pathological forms of tau proteins in platelets correlated with decreased brain volume in areas known to be associated with AD pathology in the brain is one step forward for the use of peripheral biomarkers, not only for clinical purposes, but also for research studies oriented to understand the complexity of AD pathology. (sciencedaily.com)

AP-1 complex subunit mu-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP1M1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is the medium chain of the trans-Golgi network clathrin-associated protein complex AP-1. (wikipedia.org)
The site, dubbed BloodSpot, currently houses almost two dozen curated gene expression datasets generated for normal and malignant human and mouse hematopoietic cells that were sorted using FACS analysis. (genomeweb.com)
Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins are a family of protein complex that regulate gene expression, especially repressing gene transcription [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Alternative splicing of gene can generate multiple transcripts and proteins to regulate tissue and organ development [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)

We chose two different mouse lines: MEN2B mice with constitutive active Ret-signaling and elevated striatal dopamine concentrations, and GDND-cKO mice that lack GDND in the central nervous system. (helsinki.fi)

We constantly try to identify new proteins that are involved in plant immunity, and use molecular techniques to understand their interaction partners and how they work together. (edu.au)
You will use molecular and genetic techniques to characterise the interaction, and show that it is important during infection. (edu.au)
You will split the protein into fragments using molecular techniques, and re-constitute the enzyme to restore its activity. (edu.au)
Molecular modeling of these enzymes has revealed an amphipathic alpha helix within the C-terminal domains of these proteins. (nih.gov)
Our facilities provide the opportunity to study protein structure, molecular probes and drug design, system biology and molecular interactions in cells and tissues. (lu.se)

Here we exploit optogenetics to experimentally change the kinetics of protein-protein interactions on demand. (optobase.org)

The current study catalogues proteins putatively secreted at the in planta biotrophy-necrotrophy transition of C. truncatum . (biomedcentral.com)

Promising strains are isolated and the interaction of model organisms is investigated to understand the specific metabolic interplay between the autotrophic and heterotrophic partners. (dsmz.de)
2016). Dynamic metabolic exchange governs a marine algal-bacterial interaction. (dsmz.de)

therefore, computational approaches combined with high-throughput experimental datasets are required to identify the function of proteins [ 9 , 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Trueman SF, Mandon EC, Gilmore R. A gating motif in the translocation channel sets the hydrophobicity threshold for signal sequence function. (umassmed.edu)
Our function therefore shows that at least in supplementary cells BMP signalling takes on a straightforward autocrine part in coordinating DCG launch to fresh biogenesis. (bioerc-iend.org)
Therefore, the study of protein function can be facilitated by predictions of protein location. (biomedcentral.com)
Nucleolar function of EGR1 is strictly linked to the expression of nucleolar proteins such as nucleophosmin (B23) and alternative reading frame (p14ARF). (biomedcentral.com)

In fact, few SNARE proteins are known to interact with ion channels, notably mammalian Syntaxin 1A, which binds several different Ca2+ and K+ channels in nerves. (unisalento.it)

Previously, we worked on aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, which play an essential role in protein synthesis by charging specifically their cognate tRNA(s) with the correct amino acid and editing mischarged amino acids if necessary (Palencia et al . (embl.org)
Some studies have suggested a role for this protein in maintaining centriole-nucleated sensory organelles termed primary cilia, and AS is now considered to belong to the growing class of human genetic disorders linked to ciliary dysfunction (ciliopathies). (springer.com)
Together our data identified promising targets to be genetically engineered to modulate seed storage protein accumulation that have a growing role in health and nutritional issues. (nature.com)
Some of these proteins may have a role in establishing compatible interaction with the host plant. (biomedcentral.com)
He also showed that double-stranded (ds)RNA- and ZDNA binding proteins had a role in poxvirus pathogenesis. (cdc.gov)

This will not only improve our understanding of the physiological basis of interactions in cyanobacterial co-cultures, but also will add value to the cyanobacteria collection and guide subsequent attempts to obtain pure (axenic) cultures. (dsmz.de)

Using inducible knockdown specifically in adult SCs we show that secretion requires the Soluble NSF Attachment Protein SNAP24. (bioerc-iend.org)
There is good evidence for elevated transcription and translation of BAY 61-3606 mRNAs encoding DCG proteins after secretion [11]. (bioerc-iend.org)

Thus, endomembrane-modifying proteins within the endomembrane system will have an influence on the final grain quality/yield and recombinant protein production. (nature.com)

All those proteins that were studding the surface of the invader are then presented to another set of cells that form a second immune system, the adaptive immune system . (hackaday.com)
When the innate immune cells present the bits and pieces of an invader's proteins to the adaptive system, with any luck, one of the antibodies will randomly match and bind to the invader. (hackaday.com)

Anatomy9

Organisms6

Chemicals and Drugs40

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes46

Disciplines and Occupations4

Information Science18

Health Care4

Pathways21

Receptors10

Pathway21

Peptides7

Transduction1

Intracellular3

Cellular9

Molecules7

Receptor5

Extracellular3

Effector4

Kinase1

Inhibitory2

Adaptor1

Mechanism5

Analyses5

Endocytosis1

Compartments1

Genes8

Mass spectrometry3

Biological3

Subcellular5

Cell22

Cytoplasmic1

Distribution of proteins1

Wnts1

Regulation2

Viral proteins1

Downstream1

Secretory2

Kinases1

Effectors1

Endoplasmic reticulum1

Processes3

Neurons4

Dependent2

Genome2

Roles2

Structural Biology1

Neurodegenerative3

Lipids2

Sequences4

Inhibit1

Promotes1

Molecule1

Motifs1

Affinities1

SNAREs3

Homology1

Abundance2

Pathological1

Gene5

Constitutive1

Molecular5

Experimentally1

Putatively1

Metabolic2

Function5

Interact1

Role5

Physiological1

Secretion2

Recombinant1

Immune2