Somatic hypermutation immunoglobulin. Medical search. Frequent questions

Somatic hypermutation involves a programmed process of mutation affecting the variable regions of immunoglobulin genes. (wikipedia.org)
May play a role in hypermutation at immunoglobulin genes. (proteopedia.org)
DNA polymerase eta is an A-T mutator in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin variable genes. (proteopedia.org)
Activation-induced deaminase (AID) initiates switch recombination and somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes in activated B cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Naive BCRs arise through the random recombination of germline-encoded immunoglobulin genes during B cell development. (washington.edu)
The process of somatic hypermutation (SHM) of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes requires activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). (northwestern.edu)
Reevaluation of the role of DNA polymerase theta in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes. (neb.com)
DNA polymerases eta and theta function in the same genetic pathway to generate mutations at A/T during somatic hypermutation of Ig genes. (neb.com)
Normal hypermutation in antibody genes from congenic mice defective for DNA polymerase iota. (neb.com)
Recent advances in both germline inference and genomic long-read sequencing of immunoglobulins (IG) have revealed extensive variability of germline variable (V), diversity (D), joining (J), and constant (C) genes between individuals, populations and species. (mpg.de)
Within an individual, these genes are the substrate for the generation of diversity by V(D)J recombination and by gene conversion, and for the rapid adaptive processes mediated by somatic hypermutation (SHM) that drive affinity maturation. (mpg.de)
Both function and localized appearance of the gene claim FANCE that it may are likely involved in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes. (informationalwebs.com)
In this stage of B cell advancement, stage mutations accumulate inside the DNA of adjustable (V) gene sections in rearranged immunoglobulin genes, an activity referred to as somatic hypermutation (7C13). (informationalwebs.com)
For example, homologous recombination at specific change regions inside the DNA of immunoglobulin large chain genes, an activity known as change recombination, substitutes different coding sequences for the COOH-terminal area of Obatoclax mesylate cost the large string (3, 5, 17). (informationalwebs.com)
B lymphocytes of xeroderma pigmentosum or Cockayne syndrome patients with inherited defects in nucleotide excision repair are fully capable of somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes. (uchicago.edu)
Mutation of BCL-6 gene in normal B cells by the process of somatic hypermutation of Ig genes. (uchicago.edu)
Association of two different repetitive DNA elements near immunoglobulin light chain genes. (uchicago.edu)
Physical linkage of the constant region genes for immunoglobulins lambda I and lambda III. (uchicago.edu)
The immunoglobulin (Ig) variable region (V) genes expressed by IgM chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells display little or no somatic mutations. (omicsdi.org)
Procesos que se dan en distintos organismos, por el que surgen nuevos genes. (bvsalud.org)

and an ectopic insertion into the VH from chromosome I. The results support the proposal that aberrant antibody hypermutation can lead to gross genomic alterations but indicate that such events are rare. (lu.se)
An antibody ( Ab ), also known as an immunoglobulin ( Ig ), [1] is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses . (wikipedia.org)
The terms antibody and immunoglobulin are often used interchangeably, [1] though the term 'antibody' is sometimes reserved for the secreted, soluble form, i.e. excluding B-cell receptors. (wikipedia.org)
A diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is based on defective functional antibody formation, usually accompanied by decreased (not absent) serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA levels, generally (not invariably) decreased serum IgM, and exclusion of other known causes of antibody deficiency. (medscape.com)
The HIV-1 mutant population will always be a step ahead of the somatic antibody variants produced during affinity maturation. (briefideas.org)
NeoMab™ mice exhibit normal antibody class switching, somatic hypermutation, and B-cell development, with comparable levels of immunoglobulin in their serum to BALB/c background mice. (gempharmatech.us)
Memory B cells feature many discrete properties indicative of differentiation through ISOTYPE SWITCHING and/or IMMUNOGLOBULIN SOMATIC HYPERMUTATION for rapid and robust recall of specific antibody responses. (bvsalud.org)
The processes are called gene rearrangement and somatic hypermutation , and are used by maturing B-cells to generate very ( very ) large amounts of diversity in the antibody repertoire. (stackexchange.com)
Antibody molecules or immunoglobulins (Ig) consist of heavy and light chains (e.g. two of each in IgG). (stackexchange.com)
Although the name of this condition implies that affected individuals always have high levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM), some people have normal levels of this antibody. (medlineplus.gov)

The observation that most autoantibodies in traditionally autoantibody-mediated diseases are of the IgG isotype and carry somatic mutations strongly suggests T-cell help in the autoimmune B-cell response. (hindawi.com)
Recent evidence suggests that the prognostic impact of gene mutations in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) may differ depending on the immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV) gene somatic hypermutation (SHM) status. (soton.ac.uk)
These plasmablasts are polyclonal, lack Ig somatic mutations, and correspond to naïve B-cells. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Analysis of somatic mutations in kappa transgenes. (uchicago.edu)
The enzyme activation-induced deaminase (AID) targets the immunoglobulin loci in activated B cells and creates DNA mutations in the antigen-binding variable region and DNA breaks in the switch region through processes known, respectively, as somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination. (johnshopkins.edu)
During somatic hypermutation, the MutSα complex binds to the mismatch, and the error-prone DNA polymerase η generates mutations at A and T bases. (johnshopkins.edu)

The antigen receptor loci are the only loci in humans to undergo programmed somatic gene modification. (lu.se)
the sites involved in antigen recognition on the immunoglobulin. (wikipedia.org)
This directed hypermutation allows for the selection of B cells that express immunoglobulin receptors possessing an enhanced ability to recognize and bind a specific foreign antigen. (wikipedia.org)
Coupled with selection for B cells expressing high-affinity antigen receptors, hypermutation enhances the efficiency and specificity of the immune response. (biomedcentral.com)
Within the light zone, B cells showing surface immunoglobulin with higher affinity for antigen offered by follicular DCs are selected for further growth, whereas cells bearing immunoglobulin that fails to bind antigen or does so with lower affinity pass away through a form of apoptosis and are scavenged by macrophages (14C 16). (informationalwebs.com)
Despite this, patients had normal serum immunoglobulin levels and normal antigen-specific immunoglobulin responses. (eyehospital.nl)

We have proposed that IgG-HCV immune complexes stimulate B cell expansion and somatic hypermutation (SHM)-induced affinity maturation in part via engagement of an RF-like B cell receptor. (ox.ac.uk)

During proliferation, the B-cell receptor locus undergoes an extremely high rate of somatic mutation that is at least 105-106 fold greater than the normal rate of mutation across the genome. (wikipedia.org)
The murine immunoglobulin heavy chain locus is shown (top line) with a rearranged variable (VDJ) region juxtaposed to the Cμ constant region. (biomedcentral.com)
During somatic hypermutation of the HIV-infected B cell, the SHM machinery is recruited and targets both the integrated transcriptionally active HIV-1 provirus and the endogenous immunoglobulin VDJ locus. (briefideas.org)
His works in Acquired immune system, Vertebrate, Gene rearrangement, Locus and Immunoglobulin heavy chain are all subjects of inquiry into Genetics. (research.com)
We also found that GNA13-deficient mice have increased numbers of GC B cells that display impaired caspase-mediated cell death and increased frequency of somatic hypermutation in the immunoglobulin VH locus. (duke.edu)
A novel enhancer in the immunoglobulin lambda locus is duplicated and functionally independent of NF kappa B. (uchicago.edu)

Somatic hypermutation and immunoglobulin class switching are required to make high-affinity functional antibodies. (lu.se)
His biological study spans a wide range of topics, including J chain, Immunoglobulin M, Major histocompatibility complex and Affinity maturation. (research.com)
As B-cells proliferate, they undergo somatic hypermutation (mutation of the immunoglobulin gene) in order to enhance the binding affinity between the antigens and the antibodies. (medcell.org)
This process of gene rearrangement typically generates immunoglobulins with relatively low affinity for their antigens. (stackexchange.com)
During affinity maturation, a process called somatic hypermutation randomly changes individual base pairs (translated to amino acids) in the CDR in cells that are descendents of, and bear the same base sequence as, the original. (stackexchange.com)

Although aberrant V(D)J integration and class switch recombination can both give rise to chromosomal translocations, a role for somatic hypermutation in such genomic rearrangements has been suggested but is less clearly established. (lu.se)
Transcription-coupled mutagenesis initiates class-switch recombination and somatic hypermutation. (biomedcentral.com)
Somatic hypermutation alters variable region sequence, and switch recombination joins a new constant region (Cγ1) to the expressed variable region, producing an extrachromosomal DNA circle (bottom), which contains the deleted region. (biomedcentral.com)
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) introduced in the switch (S) regions are intermediates during immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR). (silverchair.com)

His research investigates the connection between Molecular biology and topics such as Somatic hypermutation that intersect with issues in DNA polymerase. (research.com)
Furthermore, characterization of somatic hypermutation in these mice reveals an increase in the DNA polymerase η mutational signature. (arizona.edu)

While the AID/APOBEC deaminase specificity repertoire in dogs is likely to be less than in humans, it will be far greater than in the mouse and thus more likely to better mimic dysregulated Ig like somatic hypermutation responses during cancer progression in humans. (sciencerepository.org)

To characterize the types of by-products of somatic hypermutation, we analyzed aberrant rearrangements involving the immunoglobulin loci in a human B-cell line (Ramos) that performs Ig V gene hypermutation constitutively during culture. (lu.se)
Later, upon B-cell activation, the immunoglobulin loci undergo two additional and distinct genetic alterations (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)

Antibodies are glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily . (wikipedia.org)
Antibodies (also known as immunoglobulins [1] ) are proteins that are found in blood or other bodily fluids of vertebrates , and are used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects, such as bacteria and viruses . (wikidoc.org)
People with X-linked hyper IgM syndrome have low levels of three other classes of antibodies: immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), and immunoglobulin E (IgE). (medlineplus.gov)

In European registry data, serious infections were not related to presenting levels of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG). (medscape.com)
Serum immunoglobulins are commonly measured by radial immunodiffusion or immunoturbidimetric methods. (medscape.com)
METHODS: Patients with sarcoidosis (n = 32) were included for detailed analysis by immunohistochemistry of tissue, flow cytometry of blood B-cell subsets, and serum immunoglobulin levels. (eyehospital.nl)
abstract = "RATIONALE: Recent observations of abnormal immunoglobulin responses and case reports describing successful B-cell ablative therapy suggest involvement of B cells in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis.OBJECTIVES: To investigate how abnormal B-cell maturation and function in patients with sarcoidosis contribute to disease.METHODS: Patients with sarcoidosis (n = 32) were included for detailed analysis by immunohistochemistry of tissue, flow cytometry of blood B-cell subsets, and serum immunoglobulin levels. (eyehospital.nl)

in particular the mechanisms of immunoglobulin variable (V) to diversity (D) and joining (J) element rearrangements and the mechanism of somatic hypermutation, reviewed in Steele and the basic similarities between the immunogenetics of Ig and T cell receptors (TCRs, see text Murphy et al. (sciencerepository.org)

Immunoglobulin mu- and gamma-ribonucleic acid sequences in thymocytes and splenocytes from normal and hyperimmune mice. (uchicago.edu)

His Gene rearrangement, Immunoglobulin superfamily, Genome, Transposable element and Xenopus study are his primary interests in Genetics. (research.com)

Clonal expansion of immunoglobulin M+CD27+ B cells in HCV-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia. (ox.ac.uk)
Here we demonstrate that certain HCV(+)MC(+) subjects have clonal expansions of immunoglobulin M (IgM)(+)kappa(+)IgD(low/-)CD21(low)CD27(+) B cells. (ox.ac.uk)

Additionally, somatic hypermutation frequencies and spectra of the intronic region downstream of the V H J558-rearranged J H4 immunoglobulin gene was characterized from Peyer's patches. (arizona.edu)
IgA and IgG transcripts, however, showed high frequencies of somatic hypermutations and increased usage of downstream IgG subclasses, suggestive for prolonged or repetitive responses. (eyehospital.nl)

His Nurse shark research incorporates themes from Somatic hypermutation, J chain, Exon, Sequence analysis and T-cell receptor. (research.com)

Absence of TNFS5 interrupts B cells differentiation by somatic hypermutation and heavy-chain switch from IgM to other immunoglobulin isotypes. (lu.se)

In somatic hypermutation, targeted and rampant mutagenesis alters the sequences of the expressed heavy and light chain variable (VDJ) regions. (biomedcentral.com)
There is now much evidence for the involvement of deaminase-mediated somatic mutagenesis during cancer progression. (sciencerepository.org)
These developments lead us to reappraise the likely impact of AID/APOBEC and ADAR deaminases in human cancer progression with their expected lesser impact on somatic mutagenesis in mouse cancer model systems. (sciencerepository.org)

Somatic hypermutation (or SHM) is a cellular mechanism by which the immune system adapts to the new foreign elements that confront it (e.g. microbes), as seen during class switching. (wikipedia.org)
Because this mechanism is merely selective and not precisely targeted, somatic hypermutation has been strongly implicated in the development of B-cell lymphomas and many other cancers. (wikipedia.org)
Developments on the viability of the two main competing molecular models on the mechanism of somatic hypermutation (SHM) since 1987 have now reached a resolution, particular molecular data published since 2000. (wikipedia.org)

Vaccination responses in patients with sarcoidosis to influenza virus and encapsulated bacteria and molecular analysis of immunoglobulin heavy chain transcripts were studied for functional analysis of immunoglobulin responses. (eyehospital.nl)

Analyses of somatic hypermutation (SHM) patterns in B cell Ig sequences have important basic science and clinical applications, but they are often confounded by the intrinsic biases of SHM targeting on specific DNA motifs (i.e., hot and cold spots). (aai.org)

RATIONALE: Recent observations of abnormal immunoglobulin responses and case reports describing successful B-cell ablative therapy suggest involvement of B cells in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. (eyehospital.nl)

During B cell division the immunoglobulin variable region DNA is transcribed and translated. (wikipedia.org)
Most patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and sinopulmonary disease without severe bronchiectasis do well once they are placed on regular intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. (medscape.com)

Although these Sμ-Sγ junctions appear to be normal, a significant increase of an unusual type of sequential switching from immunoglobulin (Ig)M, through one IgG subclass, to a different IgG subclass was observed, and the Sγ-Sγ junctions showed long microhomologies. (silverchair.com)

Using RT-PCR to amplify Ig from these singly sorted cells, we show that these predominantly rheumatoid factor-encoding V(H)1-69/J(H)4 and V(kappa)3-20 gene segment-restricted cells have low to moderate levels of somatic hypermutations. (ox.ac.uk)

Somatic hypermutations confer rheumatoid factor activity in hepatitis C virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia. (ox.ac.uk)

His studies in Nurse shark integrate themes in fields like Phylogenetics, Somatic hypermutation and T-cell receptor. (research.com)
Thus, GNA13 loss is associated with GC B-cell persistence, in which impaired apoptosis and ongoing somatic hypermutation may lead to an increased risk of lymphoma development. (duke.edu)

Diminished immunoglobulin levels may be caused by loss and decreased synthesis. (medscape.com)

Misalignment of V and J gene segments resulting in a nonfunctional immunoglobulin gene. (uchicago.edu)

His Acquired immune system research is multidisciplinary, incorporating perspectives in Genome and Immunoglobulin class switching. (research.com)

Anatomy15

Organisms9

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs75

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes54

Information Science3

Health Care2

Genes20

Antibody10

Mutations6

Antigen6

Expansion and somatic hypermutation1

Locus6

Affinity5

Recombination4

Polymerase2

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Antibodies3

Serum4

Receptors1

Mice1

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