This is in contrast to differentiation, where differences in gene expression, morphology, or physiology arise in a cell, making its function increasingly specialized. (wikipedia.org)
Here, the concept of a marble moving downhill through various paths is used to represent cell decision-making and cell potency, thus visualizing how cells can take different paths of differentiation to reach a final state. (wikipedia.org)
In recent years, interest in the possible molecular regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation in a wide range of regeneration models has grown significantly, but the cell kinetics of this process remain largely a mystery. (mdpi.com)
The mutation of MET plays a crucial role in the initiation of cancer, while the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway also plays a significant role in cell differentiation and the maintenance of tumor stem cells. (bvsalud.org)
Neural control of growth and size in the axolotl limb regenerate [2] "Upon the completion of the developmental stages of regeneration, when the regenerative organ known as the blastema completes patterning and differentiation, the limb regenerate is proportionally small in size. (edu.au)
HIF-1α drives the transcription of NOG to inhibit osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells in response to hypoxia. (stembook.org)
Regeneration6
Lowered Notch1 expression resulted in no tadpole tailregeneration, and induced Notch1 expression was able to partially rescue tailregeneration in the form of notochord and spinal cord (but very little musculature. (wikipedia.org)
Our results also reveal novel roles for Akt signaling during regeneration, specifically for the timely localization of cell death near the injury site. (biomedcentral.com)
This paucity is likely due to the ubiquitous nature of this signaling pathway and the difficulty of analyzing stem cells in their natural environment during physiological cell turnover and regeneration in conventional animal models [ 15 - 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Regeneration involves the activity of adult stem cells in the branchial sac, which proliferate and produce migratory progenitor cells for tissue and organ replacement. (biologists.com)
After bisection across the mid-body, apoptosis occurred only in the regenerating basal fragments, although both fragments contained a part of the branchial sac, suggesting that apoptosis is unilateral at the wound site and the presence of branchial sac stem cells is insufficient for regeneration. (biologists.com)
Adult stem1
Planarians contain an abundant and accessible population of somatic adult stem cells called neoblasts [ 18 - 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Proliferation6
Amputation-induced proliferation occurred predominantly within the epidermal and intestinal epithelium, as well as wound-adjacent muscle fibers, where clusters of cells at the same stage of the cell cycle were found. (mdpi.com)
In mammals, Akt is ubiquitously expressed and is associated with regulation of cellular proliferation, metabolism, cell growth and cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
Functional disruption of Smed-Akt alters the balance between cell proliferation and cell death leading to systemic impairment of adult tissue renewal. (biomedcentral.com)
The protein kinase Akt also known as PKB, regulates multiple cellular functions including proliferation, survival, and growth during embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis [ 1 - 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This study defined the role of Smed-Akt in abnormal cell proliferation triggered by the abrogation of the phosphatase PTEN, an upstream component of the Akt signaling pathway, which is highly mutated in human cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, the neoblast mitotic response was increased around the amputation area but the regenerative blastema failed to form. (biomedcentral.com)
This organism is well known for its stem cell-based regenerative capability. (biomedcentral.com)
Amputation2
Just as plant cells respond to injury by undergoing callus formation via dedifferentiation, some animal models dedifferentiate their cells to form blastema, which are analogous to plant calluses, after limb amputation. (wikipedia.org)
However, in response to amputation, levels of cell death were decreased and failed to localize near the injury site. (biomedcentral.com)
Skeletal2
Skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSC) are crucial for tissue homoeostasis and repair after injury. (bvsalud.org)
Nitric oxide-dependent immunosuppressive function of thymus-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. (stembook.org)
Leptin and NAP2 promote mesenchymal stem cell senescence through activation of PI3K/Akt pathway in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. (stembook.org)
Signaling pathway1
Notch proteins are part of an intercellular signaling pathway responsible for regulating interactions between cells that are physically next to one another by binding to other notch proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Dedifferentiation6
Dedifferentiation (pronounced dē-ˌdi-fə-ˌren-chē-ˈā-shən) is a transient process by which cells become less specialized and return to an earlier cell state within the same lineage. (wikipedia.org)
This suggests an increase in cell potency, meaning that, following dedifferentiation, a cell may possess the ability to re-differentiate into more cell types than it did prior to dedifferentiation. (wikipedia.org)
While it can be induced in a laboratory setting through processes like direct reprogramming and the production of induced pluripotent stem cells, endogenous dedifferentiation processes also exist as a component of wound healing mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
While Manning's research was in reference to plants, it helped establish the foundation for our modern day understanding of dedifferentiation and cell plasticity. (wikipedia.org)
Some claim that dedifferentiation is strictly limited to the same cell lineage from which it is derived. (wikipedia.org)
However, the markers selected to represent dedifferentiation can differ according to tissue and cell types that are being studied. (wikipedia.org)
Proliferate1
The neoblasts are the only dividing cells in planarians and constantly proliferate to repair tissues and support systemic cellular turnover [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Populations1
Conventional chemotherapy drugs are primarily designed to target the majority of cell populations within tumors rather than tumor stem cells. (bvsalud.org)
Tissue2
Thus, Akt signaling regulates neoblast biology and mediates in the distribution of injury-mediated cell death during tissue repair in planarians. (biomedcentral.com)
Nonetheless, there is limited understanding of how Akt signaling controls the response of stem cells during cellular turnover and tissue injury in the complexity of the whole organism. (biomedcentral.com)
Cellular1
mitotically active cells of intact segments do not significantly contribute to the blastemal cellular sources. (mdpi.com)
Tissues1
Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Development1
This repressor would be able to keep cells undifferentiated during development. (wikipedia.org)
Growth1
Branchial sac-derived stem cells also replenish recycling cells lining the pharyngeal fissures during homeostatic growth. (biologists.com)
Types3
In the 1940s C. H. Waddington created the "Epigenetic Landscape", a diagrammatic representation of cell fate from less differentiated to more differentiated cell types. (wikipedia.org)
In this comprehensive review, we analyze and compare the potential impact of the Hh pathway on the tumor microenvironment (TME) in HGF/c-MET-driven tumor models, as well as the interplay between different cell types. (bvsalud.org)
Thousands of copies of the circular mtDNA are present in most cell types that are packaged by TFAM into higher-order structures called nucleoids1. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Cancer2
In cultured primary fibroblasts and cancer cells, the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin causes mtDNA damage and release, which leads to cGAS STING dependent ISG activation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
CDK7-YAP-LDHD axis promotes D-lactate elimination and ferroptosis defense to support cancer stem cell-like properties. (stembook.org)
Single2
Recently, we described that the genome of S. mediterranea contains a single Akt ortholog termed Smed-Akt , which affects cell division and impairs planarian locomotion [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Single cell transcriptomics of MuSC progeny isolated from myofibers identifies components of several signalling pathways, which are deregulated in absence of TA3, including Hh and Wnt. (bvsalud.org)
Function1
Downregulation of Smed-Akt function also resulted in an increase of cell death throughout the animal. (biomedcentral.com)
Cycle1
Quiescent MuSC have a primary cilium, which is disassembled upon cell cycle entry. (bvsalud.org)
Whole body1
However, the mechanisms by which Akt signaling regulates stem cell behavior in the complexity of the whole body are poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
Increase1
However, others say that it can be used to describe a general increase in cell potency. (wikipedia.org)
Drug1
Moreover, the exclusive targeting of tumor stemness cell disregards the potential for other tumor cells to regain stemness and acquire drug resistance. (bvsalud.org)