• Stem cell therapy is a form of regenerative medicine that utilizes the body's natural healing mechanism to treat various conditions. (patbirminghammd.com)
  • Stem cells are being used in regenerative medicine to renew and repair diseased or damaged tissues, and have shown promising results in treatments of various orthopedic, cardiovascular, neuromuscular and autoimmune conditions. (patbirminghammd.com)
  • The unique self-regeneration and differentiating ability of embryonic stem cells can be used in regenerative medicine. (patbirminghammd.com)
  • As a result, International Stem Cell will benefit from the development of either technology, but it is important that the public and the scientific community be fully aware of all alternatives in the field of regenerative medicine, not just the ones that capture public imagination at any particular time. (intlstemcell.com)
  • Stem cells are emerging as an important source of material for diseases in regenerative medicine. (benthamscience.com)
  • The study of biology of stem cells is the hallmark of the recent emerging field of regenerative medicine and medical biotechnology. (benthamscience.com)
  • From "adult stem cells" to "xenotransplantation," learn about common and specialized regenerative medicine terms. (mayo.edu)
  • There are other, less controversial alternatives to embryonic stem cells, such as adult, fetal, cord blood, and induced pluripotent stem cells, but they have other biological restrictions that make them less promising for use in regenerative medicine at this time. (nhsjs.com)
  • The discovery of adult stem cells led scientists to develop an interest in the role of embryonic stem cells, and in separate studies in 1981 Gail Martin and Martin Evans derived pluripotent stem cells from the embryos of mice for the first time. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since pluripotent stem cells have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell, they are used in the development of medical treatments for a wide range of conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Kuldip S. Sidhu , " Frontiers in Pluripotent Stem Cells Research and Therapeutic Potentials Bench-to-Bedside ", Bentham Science Publishers (2012). (benthamscience.com)
  • Induced pluripotent stem cells, another types of pluripotent stem cells derived from any tissue by reprogramming and are the homologous source of stem cells. (benthamscience.com)
  • The greatest hope rests on the potential of pluripotent stem cells, which can become nearly any kind of cell in the body. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • One method of creating pluripotent stem cells is called somatic cell nuclear transfer, and involves taking the nucleus of an adult cell and injecting it into an egg cell from which the nucleus has been removed. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • Although many stem cell researchers are focused on a different method of creating pluripotent stem cells, called induced pluripotent stem cells, there may be some applications for which SCNT-derived pluripotent cells are better suited. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • Use of this type of stem cell has significantly decreased in recent years due to the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells. (mayo.edu)
  • As the cells grew and replicated their genomes, they broke 20 chromosomes down into fragments and then reassembled them into 40 miniature chromosomes. (lifeboat.com)
  • The chromosomal constitution of cells which deviate from the normal by the addition or subtraction of CHROMOSOMES, chromosome pairs, or chromosome fragments. (lookformedical.com)
  • A type of CELL NUCLEUS division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of CHROMOSOMES of the somatic cells of the species. (lookformedical.com)
  • The stem cell controversy is the consideration of the ethics of research involving the development and use of human embryos. (wikipedia.org)
  • Not all stem cell research involves human embryos. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the use of the technique on human embryos led to more widespread controversy as criticism of the technique now began from the wider public who debated the moral ethics of questions concerning research involving human embryonic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are stem cells derived from human embryos. (patbirminghammd.com)
  • Depending on the source, stem cells can be classified into two broad categories i.e. embryonic stem cells that are derived from embryos and non-embryonic stem cells that are derived from adult and fetal tissues. (benthamscience.com)
  • A type of undifferentiated stem cell found in embryos. (mayo.edu)
  • Such cells are derived from human embryos, and are undifferentiated, unlike other specialized cells in the human body. (nhsjs.com)
  • Proponents of stem cell research claim that the blastocyst is not human yet, and the embryos used for stem cell harvest are typically leftover from in vitro fertilization procedures with minimal chance that a human could ever develop from them. (nhsjs.com)
  • Adversaries of stem cell research argue that embryos are human and destroying one is equal to murdering a child. (nhsjs.com)
  • There are many types of stem cells, but most of the controversy surrounds embryonic stem cells, as they are derived from human embryos. (nhsjs.com)
  • The source of embryos is from those fertilized in vitro , and then donated for research with donor consent. (nhsjs.com)
  • While regarded by many top scientists as the Holy Grail of medicine, others consider embryonic stem-cell research sacrilegious. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Considering the great potential of embryonic stem cell research, it is argued here that their research be allowed to be legal, federally funded, and its development a national priority. (nhsjs.com)
  • The controversy over embryonic stem cell research is caused by the fact that the procurement of these stem cells involves the destruction of the embryo produced during in vitro fertilization. (nhsjs.com)
  • In the United States currently embryonic stem cell research is allowed but there has been a lot of public controversy and legal setbacks. (nhsjs.com)
  • This newer bill calls for prioritizing federally assisted advancement of embryonic stem cell research ( 1). (nhsjs.com)
  • Additionally, there have been two executive orders focusing on embryonic stem cells, one released by President George W. Bush prohibiting embryonic stem cell research and related federal funding, the other by President Barack Obama reversing the previous order but still with restrictions in place ( 2). (nhsjs.com)
  • In addition to their ability to supply cells at the turnover rate of their respective tissues, they can be stimulated to repair injured tissue caused by liver damage, skin abrasions and blood loss. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • The ability of our body to regenerate some of its tissues is largely owed to the reserves of adult stem cells. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Mouse nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells (NT-ESCs) were first established in 2000, and then proved to be able to differentiate either in vivo or in vitro, and give rise to individual tissues through germ line transmission or tetraploid complementation. (benthamscience.com)
  • Mouse cells and tissues created through nuclear transfer can be rejected by the body because of a previously unknown immune response to the cell's mitochondria, according to an international study in mice by researchers at the Stanford University, MIT and colleagues in Germany and England. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • The hope has been that this would eliminate the problem of the patient's immune system attacking the pluripotent cells as foreign tissue, which is a problem with most organs and tissues when they are transplanted from one patient to another. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells usually isolated from bone marrow, endometrium, adipose tissues, skin, and dental pulp. (techscience.com)
  • Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics protocols have been developed to generate adult stem cell-derived bonelike, nerve-like and heart-like tissues. (mayo.edu)
  • Transplanting organs, tissues or cells from one person to another. (mayo.edu)
  • Transplanting tissues or cells from one area of a person's own body to another. (mayo.edu)
  • Using specific types of stem cells to repair damaged tissues and treat disease. (mayo.edu)
  • They can thus develop into brain, muscle, blood, skin, and other tissues and can, in theory, help with many health conditions involving organ dysfunction or failure, as well as cancer, injury, and may even address degenerative and otherwise incurable diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. (nhsjs.com)
  • Part of the innate immune system that is the body s first line defense against infection, dendritic cells sense the presence of pathogens in the blood or other tissues, ingest infecting organisms, and then display fragments of the invaders on their surface, which alerts and activates both killer and helper T cells (CD4 and CD8 cells), essentially teaching them to target the specific pathogen. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • It may be performed using cells from the patient's own body (autologous transplant) or cells from a donor (allogeneic transplant). (mayo.edu)
  • The promise of the SCNT method is that the nucleus of a patient's skin cell, for example, could be used to create pluripotent cells that might be able to repair a part of that patient's body. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • One attraction of SCNT has always been that the genetic identity of the new pluripotent cell would be the same as the patient's, since the transplanted nucleus carries the patient's DNA. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • When transplanted back into the nucleus donor strain, the cells were rejected although there were only two single nucleotide substitutions in the mitochondrial DNA of these SCNT-derived cells compared to that of the nucleus donor. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • After HIV DNA enters the nucleus of an infected cell, it becomes integrated into the cellular DNA, turning it into an HIV factory that generates more virus particles. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Yet further treatments using stem cells could potentially be developed due to their ability to repair extensive tissue damage. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adult stem cells are generally limited to differentiating into different cell types of their tissue of origin. (wikipedia.org)
  • As the embryo develops and forms a baby, stem cells are distributed throughout the body where they reside in specific pockets of each tissue, such as the bone marrow and blood. (patbirminghammd.com)
  • As we age, these cells function to renew old and worn out tissue and cells. (patbirminghammd.com)
  • These have been found to be an excellent source of stem cells or precursor cells that have the ability to multiply and transform into cells of any tissue. (patbirminghammd.com)
  • Stem cells are also being used in the treatment of various soft tissue (muscle, ligaments and tendons) as well as bone-related injuries. (patbirminghammd.com)
  • This reaction could occur because cells created through SCNT contain mitochondria from the egg donor and not from the patient, and therefore could still look like foreign tissue to the recipient's immune system. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • Enhanced expression of IL-6, IGF-1, TGF-β, and VEGF has also been observed in LC treated BMSCc+ groups, suggested the cardiac differentiation of BMSCc+, and can be utilized in tissue engineering for cardiac cell therapy. (techscience.com)
  • The Mesenchymal and Tissue Stem Cell Committee, which belongs to the International Society for Cellular Therapy, stated that plastic-adherent properties are the minimum criteria for determining MSCs. (techscience.com)
  • However, it can be challenging to differentiate when they are connected with wounded tissue, opposed to when they instruct tissue-specific progenitor cells responsible for the redevelopment of damaged tissue. (techscience.com)
  • Undifferentiated cells, found in a differentiated tissue, that can renew themselves and - with certain limitations - differentiate to yield all the specialized cell types of the tissue from which they originated. (michaeljfox.org)
  • The process of removing all the cells from a donor organ, such as a heart or lung, leaving behind just a tissue scaffold. (mayo.edu)
  • The research group has already worked for several years to develop electrodes that are thin and flexible enough not to disturb the brain tissue, and with material that does not irritate the cells nearby. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Only cells from an embryo at the morula stage or earlier are truly totipotent, meaning that they are able to form all cell types including placental cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Destruction of a human embryo is required in order to research new embryonic cell lines. (wikipedia.org)
  • Much of the debate surrounding human embryonic stem cells, therefore, concern ethical and legal quandaries around the destruction of an embryo. (wikipedia.org)
  • Political leaders debate how to regulate and fund research studies that involve the techniques used to remove the embryo cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The early mammalian embryo consists of the extra-embryonic cell layers-the trophoblast and a body of cells called the inner cell mass (ICM), which eventually become the embryo proper. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • However, the removal of embryonic stem cells destroys the early embryo. (nhsjs.com)
  • At the top of the list comes the zygote-a fertilized egg, which of course has the ability to divide and differentiate into all cell types in the body and create a new organism. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • As the embryonic cells divide and the daughter cells differentiate, they become increasingly specific. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • The ICM continues to differentiate into three germ layers-ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, each of which follows a specific developmental destiny that takes them along an ever-specifying path at which end the daughter cells will make up the different organs of the human body. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • These adult stem cells are considered multipotent, having the ability to differentiate into different cell types, albeit with a more limited repertoire than embryonic stem cells. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • A particular field encouraged by the foundation is stem-cell research, with the great hope that it will result in the ability to get cells to differentiate into neurons and support cells to bridge the gap of a spinal cord injury. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • When the stem cells divide, the new cell may remain a stem cell to divide again or may differentiate to become any of the 200 types of specialized cells in the human body. (nhsjs.com)
  • Like embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells can also turn into more than one cell type, but their differentiation is restricted to a limited number of cell types. (patbirminghammd.com)
  • The term stem cell can be defined by two very important qualities: the cell has the ability to self-renew and, in a more general sense, the cell has not completed differentiation into its final state. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • This general definition includes a wide variety of cells with varying degrees of differentiation potential. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Stem cells are not specialized and the process of their specialization is called differentiation. (benthamscience.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells capable of self-renewal and exhibit multilineage differentiation properties. (techscience.com)
  • Adult stem cells can be used to accelerate bone or tendon healing , and they can induce cartilage progenitor cells to produce a better matrix and repair cartilage damage . (thefutureofthings.com)
  • We are now focusing on fully understanding all the components required to trigger appropriate activation of dendritic cells in HIV infection, which may help to induce an elite-controller-like, drug-free remission of HIV in a broader patient population, explains Yu, an associate professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Last week's newspapers carried the news of what was widely described as a significant "breakthrough" in stem cell science: the first successful human use of a technology known as Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (also referred to as SCNT). (intlstemcell.com)
  • is a British developmental biologist who was the first to use nuclear transfer of differentiated adult cells to generate a mammalian clone, a Finn Dorset sheep named Dolly, born in 1996. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • Amnion and amniotic fluid may be obtained from a donor during gestation or at birth and developed into a biologic therapy agent in liquid form which may be cryopreserved for later use. (patbirminghammd.com)
  • A type of cell derived from amniotic fluid, which is the liquid that surrounds a developing fetus in the amniotic sac. (mayo.edu)
  • The goal of stem cell therapy is to amplify the natural repair system of the patient's body by increasing the numbers of stem cells at injury sites. (patbirminghammd.com)
  • Alzheimer's disease is one of the neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by the accumulation of abnormal protein deposits, which disrupt the signal transduction in neurons and other glia cells. (preprints.org)
  • Stem cells are at the forefront of medical research and incite some of the most controversial ethical and religious debates worldwide. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can grow infinitely and give rise to all types of cells in human body, thus of tremendous therapeutic potentials for a variety of diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, and diabetes. (benthamscience.com)
  • Fully reprogrammed NT-ESCs are indistinguishable from ESCs derived from fertilized eggs functionally and substantially. (benthamscience.com)
  • What is more, by deriving NT-ESCs from patient cells, the problem of immune rejection may be avoided. (benthamscience.com)
  • Because of this critical role of dendritic cells, the investigators explored the hypothesis that dendritic cells of elite controllers were better able to sense HIV and as a result to generate virus-specific T-cell responses. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • These stem cells can be derived from eggs collected during IVF procedures with informed consent from the patient. (patbirminghammd.com)
  • It is possible, with informed consent from the IVF patient, to hold back some unfertilized eggs for creation of parthenogenetic stem cells, all at no additional risk to the donor. (intlstemcell.com)
  • MSCs played a crucial role in regenerative therapy and have been introduced as an interdisciplinary field between cell biology and material science. (techscience.com)
  • A number of large biotech companies and scientists are looking toward stem cells as the basis for a therapeutic solution to cure such illnesses as blindness, diabetes and spinal cord injuries. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • I realize that I could be accused of bias because I am one of the founders of International Stem Cell, but, in fact, our company also owns license rights to some of the key intellectual property that is required to create cells through SCNT technology and our scientists are very familiar with its promise and its limitations. (intlstemcell.com)
  • When scientists at the Oregon Health and Science University announced success in performing SCNT with human cells last year, it reignited interest in eventually using the technique for human therapies. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • In the future, scientists might also lessen the immune reaction by using eggs from someone who is genetically similar to the recipient, such as a mother or sister. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • For sensory outcomes the degree of improvement tended to increase with the number of cells introduced -- scientists are often reassured by this sort of "dose response," as it suggests a real underlying biologically plausible effect. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • In 1995 adult stem cell research with human use was patented (US PTO with effect from 1995). (wikipedia.org)
  • However, some evidence suggests that adult stem cell plasticity may exist, increasing the number of cell types a given adult stem cell can become. (wikipedia.org)
  • Your doctor then cleans and numbs your affected area to be treated and then, under the guidance of special x-rays, injects the stem cells into the diseased region. (patbirminghammd.com)
  • When HIV infects a cell it first injects its genetic material RNA in this case into the cell along with the reverse transcriptase enzyme that transcribes the single-strand RNA molecule into a double-stranded DNA molecule. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Like embryonic stem cells and SCNT cells, these cells can be converted into almost any cell in the human body and thus have enormous potential for human therapy. (intlstemcell.com)
  • Unlike SCNT cells, parthenogenetic stem cells require no genetic manipulation or insertion of foreign DNA. (intlstemcell.com)
  • The cell lines that are produced from this method, unlike cell lines from embryonic stem cells or from SCNT, can potentially be matched to millions of people in the same way that an organ transplant is matched between donor and patient. (intlstemcell.com)
  • Stanford University have raised the possibility in the past that the immune system of a patient who received SCNT-derived cells might still react against the cells' mitochondria, which act as the energy factories for the cell and have their own DNA. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • The immunological reactions reported in the new paper will be a consideration if clinicians ever use SCNT-derived stem cells in human therapy, but such reactions should not prevent their use. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • This research informs the medical community of the margin of safety that would be required if, in the distant future, researchers need to use SCNT to create pluripotent cells to treat someone. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • I am talking about human stem cells derived from a process called, "Parthenogenesis", developed and first announced in 2007 by a company called International Stem Cell Corporation, whose discoveries were first published in the peer reviewed journal, Cloning and Stem Cells, edited by the scientist who first created "Dolly", the first cloned animal. (intlstemcell.com)
  • In fact, by some estimates, as few as 100 parthenogenetic stem cell lines could provide immune-matched cells to over 50 percent of the world's population, and could accelerate disease therapies and treatments for severe chronic conditions, including diabetes, spinal cord injuries, liver diseases, blinding diseases such as macular degeneration, and neural diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. (intlstemcell.com)
  • There was a thought that because the mitochondria were on the inside of the cell, they would not be exposed to the host's immune system. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • It s been recognized for a while that these individuals have stronger T-cell immune responses against HIV than other patients, but the reason for that has been unknown, says Xu Yu, MD, of the Ragon Institute and the MGH Department of Medicine, corresponding author of the paper. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • We have shown that dendritic cells, which play a critical role in generating virus-specific T cells, have an improved ability to recognize HIV and build effective immune responses in elite controllers. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The dendritic cells of elite controllers, however, were found to contain higher levels of HIV DNA, probably because of limited expression of a protein called SAMDH1 that usually blocks reverse transcription in several types of immune cells. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The first three divisions of the zygote give birth to eight totipotent cells, each of which also has the ability to become an entire organism. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Embryonic stem cells are totally undifferentiated and have the ability to divide and create multiple specialized cell types. (nhsjs.com)
  • Treatments that have been proposed include treatment for physical trauma, degenerative conditions, and genetic diseases (in combination with gene therapy). (wikipedia.org)
  • This makes them potentially capable to help in effectively combatting a variety of degenerative diseases and conditions such as spinal cord injury, stroke or heart attacks. (nhsjs.com)
  • The human body is made up of about 220 different kinds of specialized cells such as nerve cells, muscle cells, fat cells and skin cells. (benthamscience.com)
  • We are pleased that we have succeeded in developing a functioning nano-electrode, getting it into place, and capturing signals from nerve cells, says Prof. Jens Schouenborg. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • At Lund University in Sweden, researchers have, for the first time, succeeded in implanting an ultrathin nanowire-based electrode and capturing signals from the nerve cells in the brain of a laboratory animal. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The researchers want to try and reduce the size of the base to which the nanowires are attached, improve the connection between the electrode and the electronics that receive the signals from the nerve cells, and experiment with the surface structure of the electrodes to see what produces the best signals without damaging the brain cells. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • In the future, we hope to be able to make electrodes with nanostructured surfaces that are adapted to the various parts of the nerve cells parts that are no bigger than a few billionths of a meter. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Currently, stem cell therapy is used to treat various degenerative conditions of the shoulder, knees, hips, and spine. (patbirminghammd.com)
  • The team used cells that were created by transferring the nuclei of adult mouse cells into enucleated eggs cells from genetically different mice. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • There are two major types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. (patbirminghammd.com)
  • They are pluripotent, which means they have the ability to develop into almost any of the various cell types of the body. (patbirminghammd.com)
  • There are many types of stem cells, but the one with the most potential is the embryonic stem (ES) cell. (nhsjs.com)
  • A nerve fiber that transmits signals away from the neuronal cell body and to the next nerve synapse. (mayo.edu)
  • Many less controversial sources of acquiring stem cells include using cells from the umbilical cord, breast milk, and bone marrow, which are not pluripotent. (wikipedia.org)
  • To obtain stem cells from the bone marrow, a needle is inserted into the iliac crest of the pelvic bone to extract the stem cells. (patbirminghammd.com)
  • The procedure begins with your doctor extracting stem cells from your own bone marrow. (patbirminghammd.com)
  • A medical procedure in which healthy bone marrow stem cells are injected into the body to replace damaged or diseased bone marrow. (mayo.edu)
  • In rodents, and even in some preliminary trials in humans, human embryonic stem cells have been shown to bridge gaps in spinal cord injuries , allowing restoration of motor functions. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Stem cell therapy aims to use special regenerative cells (stem cells) to repopulate areas of damage that result from spinal cord injuries, with the hope of improving the ability to move ("motor outcomes") and to feel ("sensory outcomes") beyond the site of the injury. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • You may be a good candidate for stem cell therapy if you have been suffering from joint pain and want to improve your quality of life while avoiding complications related to invasive surgical procedures. (patbirminghammd.com)
  • Avant-garde approaches to stem-cell therapy may be the first stepping-stones to a bright new future of stem-cell medicine and are emerging in leading laboratories worldwide. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Will Stem Cell Therapy Help Cure Spinal Cord Injury? (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • A systematic survey of the scientific literature shows that stem cell therapy can have a statistically significant impact on animal models of spinal cord injury, and points the way for future studies. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • A clumping of proteins inside cell bodies in the brain, which may be toxic. (michaeljfox.org)
  • A chemical compound or substance that inhibits oxidation - damage to cells' membranes, proteins or genetic material by free radicals (the same chemical reaction that causes iron to rust). (michaeljfox.org)
  • In 1998, James Thomson and Jeffrey Jones derived the first human embryonic stem cells, with even greater potential for drug discovery and therapeutic transplantation. (wikipedia.org)
  • High-profile campaigners like the late actor Christopher Reeve, himself a victim of sports-related spinal cord injury, have placed high hopes in stem cell transplantation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Unlike embryonic stem cells, the human eggs used to create parthenogenetic stem cells are never fertilized and cannot become a human being. (intlstemcell.com)
  • Adult stem cells can be used to replace damaged heart-muscle cells and are used in practice today . (thefutureofthings.com)
  • in other words, it has the potential to become any type of cell. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • A type of stem cell found in organs of the body that can be used for regenerative interventions. (mayo.edu)
  • An insulin-producing cell type found in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. (mayo.edu)
  • Beta cell dysfunction is a characteristic of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. (mayo.edu)
  • The process by which an undifferentiated stem cell becomes a specialized cell type, such as a heart cell or brain cell. (mayo.edu)
  • ES are pluripotent, as they can transform into almost any human cell type. (nhsjs.com)
  • The dendritic cells of elite controllers also appear to produce higher levels of a DNA-sensing protein called cGAS that recognizes the presence of HIV and induces rapid expression of type 1 interferons. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The researchers compared the genomes of M. belari 's germline cells - the specialized reproductive cells like sperm and eggs - with the genomes of the worm's somatic (nonreproductive) cells. (lifeboat.com)
  • A thin layer of tightly packed cells separating the central nervous system from the body's blood stream. (michaeljfox.org)
  • Such thin electrodes have previously only been used in experiments with cell cultures. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • In experiments using dendritic cells from elite controllers, from patients with progressing HIV infection, and cells from uninfected individuals, the investigators found a surprising difference. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • In this case the authors assessed 156 published studies that examined the effects of stem cell treatment for experimental spinal injury in a total of about 6000 animals. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Embryonic stem cells isolation primarily requires the consent of donors and can include the killing of fertilized eggs. (techscience.com)
  • The deleted fragments (red) survive only in germline cells in the worm's gonads. (lifeboat.com)