Somatic cells in the adult. Medical search. Frequent questions

Successful somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) depends on the quality, availability and maturation of the animal's unfertilized oocytes. (nature.com)
For SCNT, the chromosomes of the unfertilized canine oocytes were removed by micromanipulation, and a single donor cell was transferred into each enucleated oocyte. (nature.com)
In genetics and developmental biology, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a laboratory strategy for creating a viable embryo from a body cell and an egg cell. (wikipedia.org)
Controversy surrounds human ESC work due to the destruction of viable human embryos, leading scientists to seek alternative methods of obtaining pluripotent stem cells, SCNT is one such method. (wikipedia.org)
For example, if a person with Parkinson's disease donated their somatic cells, the stem cells resulting from SCNT would have genes that contribute to Parkinson's disease. (wikipedia.org)
Another application of SCNT stem cell research is using the patient specific stem cell lines to generate tissues or even organs for transplant into the specific patient. (wikipedia.org)
Only a handful of the labs in the world are currently using SCNT techniques in human stem cell research. (wikipedia.org)
This approach could become an alternative to somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), a method that is currently used to produce human stem cells. (news-medical.net)
SCNT involves transferring the nuclei of adult cells, called somatic cells, into oocytes in which scientists have removed the nuclei. (news-medical.net)
Twenty years have passed since Dolly the sheep was born by cloning (somatic cell nuclear transfer, SCNT) but the results of non-human mammalian cloning are very poor, and cause animal diseases and huge biological losses. (sibi.org)
I believe that the reprogramming errors are not the only cause of these low rates of cloning: the mammalian SCNT fails with a very high frequency mainly due to the damage that the technique itself inflicts in the egg and the somatic nucleus, and the very few successful cases occur only when the damage is not significant. (sibi.org)
True cloning performed by nuclear transfer from an adult and differentiated somatic cell to a previously enucleated egg (somatic cell nuclear transfer, SCNT), gives rise to a new cell, the nuclovulo (nucleus+ovum), distinct from the zygote because the sperm is not involved in its creation, while both can develop as embryos and give rise to offspring. (sibi.org)
Prior to SCNT, the somatic cell (differentiated) must be reprogramed to a similar state of a pluripotent embryonic cell (undifferentiated) before the nucleus is extracted and transferred. (sibi.org)
Dolly was the first successful cloning of a mammal from an adult somatic cell, demonstrating the viability of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (yahoo.com)
체세포 핵 치환 (Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, SCNT)은 난자 의 핵 을 제거한 후에, 체세포 의 핵을 이식하여 복제 를 하는 기술을 말한다. (wikipedia.org)
The team led by Galina Singina at the Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry managed to clone the calf using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), with embryonic fibroblasts as donors of nuclei. (isaaa.org)
Cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), is the technique used to produce Dolly the sheep, the first animal to be produced as a genetic copy of another adult. (eurostemcell.org)

Donor fibroblasts were obtained from an ear-skin biopsy of a male Afghan hound and cultured for two to five passages (in which fully grown cells are transferred to a new culture dish). (nature.com)
We report that that a single transfer of embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived proteins into primarily cultured adult mouse fibroblasts, rather than repeated transfer or prolonged exposure to materials, can achieve full reprogramming up to the pluripotent state without the forced expression of ectopic transgenes. (ewha.ac.kr)
They found that the spontaneous mutation frequency in ES cells is 100-fold lower than that in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (a somatic cell line), which is similar to adult cells in vivo . (i-sis.org.uk)
Mutations occur rarely, and in order for a cell to become cancerous - this is calculated for human fibroblasts - about 100 divisions must occur (this number of divisions usually occurs in a person at about the age of 40) [5]. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Normal tissue cells called fibroblasts can help to form a path for invading carcinoma cells, and may thereby promote tumour metastasis. (hum-molgen.org)
A method of reprogramming rhesus macaque adult fibroblasts into embryonic stem cells using somatic cell nuclear transfer is presented. (hum-molgen.org)
Using this technique, previous studies have shown that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) expressing interneurons can be generated from different cell sources, such as glia cells or fetal fibroblasts. (lu.se)
Nevertheless, the generation of neurons from adult human fibroblasts, an easily accessible cell source to obtain patient-derived neurons, has proved to be challenging due to the intrinsic blockade of neuronal commitment. (lu.se)
In this paper, we used an optimized protocol for adult skin fibroblast reprogramming based on RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) inhibitn together with a combination of GABAergic fate determinants to convert human adult skin fibroblasts into GABAergic neurons. (lu.se)
Despite the well-known difficulty in converting adult fibroblasts into functional neurons in vitro, we could detect functional maturation in the induced neurons. (lu.se)
Secondly, we have developed an all-in-one vector-based strategy to convert adult human dermal fibroblasts directly from Huntington's disease (HD) patients and control individuals into induced neurons (iNs). (lu.se)

The genetic material of the donor egg cell is removed and discarded, leaving it 'deprogrammed. (wikipedia.org)
The egg is now viable and capable of producing an adult organism containing all necessary genetic information from just one parent. (wikipedia.org)
Initially, he established genetic cell reprogramming for generating iPS cells with the aim to model human diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease and atypical Rett syndrome. (michaeljfox.org)
However, during the generation process of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, genetic manipulation of certain factors may cause tumorigenicity, which limits further application. (ewha.ac.kr)
The fusion causes the adult cells to undergo genetic reprogramming, which results in cells that have the developmental characteristics of human embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
Stem cells also provide a model system in which researchers can study the causes of genetic disease and the basis of embryonic development. (news-medical.net)
Eggan, Melton and their colleagues decided to pursue their alternative route after other researchers had shown that genetic reprogramming can occur when mouse somatic cells are fused to mouse embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
The researchers demonstrated that they had achieved fusion of the two cell types by searching the fused cells for two distinctive genetic markers present in the somatic fibroblast and stem cells. (news-medical.net)
Furthermore, Eggan noted that genetic analyses of the fused cells revealed that the somatic cell genes characteristic of adult cells had all been switched off, while those characteristic of embryonic cells had been switched on. (news-medical.net)
These germ cells are the only ones in the body that have their genetic material all jumbled up and in half the quantity of every other kind of cell. (wptv.com)
From that moment forward, nearly all cells in that body have the same genetic makeup. (wptv.com)
When the one-cell embryo duplicates its genetic material, both cells of the now two-cell embryo are genetically identical. (wptv.com)
When they in turn duplicate their genetic material, each cell at the four-cell stage is genetically identical. (wptv.com)
In this process, researchers remove the genetic material from an egg and replace it with the nucleus of some other body cell. (wptv.com)
instead of half the genetic material coming from a sperm and half from an egg, it all comes from a single cell. (wptv.com)
The findings validate this controversial method, and may one day allow therapeutic stem cells to be created from a patient's own genetic material. (the-scientist.com)
Noggle said the findings may also pave the way for better induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which form when somatic cells are regressed to a pluripotent state through the use of genetic factors. (the-scientist.com)
if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)
However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
This type of genetic change, called a somatic mutation, is not inherited. (medlineplus.gov)
While t(8;21) is important for leukemia development, one or more additional genetic changes are typically needed for the myeloid blasts to develop into cancerous leukemia cells. (medlineplus.gov)
After many divisions in culture, this single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with almost identical DNA to the original donor who provided the adult cell - a genetic clone. (eurostemcell.org)
These stem cells are genetically matched to the donor organism, holding promise for studying genetic disease. (eurostemcell.org)
DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) is the major methyltransferase in mammals and genetic inactivation of the Dnmt1 gene causes demethylation that results in cell death in tissue culture and embryonic lethality of homozygous mutant mice at E8.5 (Li et al. (uni-muenchen.de)
But what is not getting such wide reporting is the use of pluripotent stem cells (as well as many other types of cells and genetic engineering techniques) for reproductive purposes . (lifeissues.net)
The Human Genome Project broadened our knowledge of our species' genetic makeup, Dolly the Sheep was the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell, and the FDA first approved a genetically engineered (GE) plant, the [FLAVR SAVR tomato](http://californiaagriculture.ucanr.org/landingpage.cfm?article=ca.v054n04p6), for commercial cultivation. (stanfordreview.org)
Results from animal studies suggest that genetic damage in somatic and germ cells is dependent upon the metabolism of AA to GA by Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E) (Clin Chem, 2016). (cdc.gov)
Researchers have identified a genetic mutation in patients with an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the brain, a leading cause of hemorrhagic stroke in young adults and children. (medscape.com)
I think the value of the study is to show, as a principle, that a genetic mutation in a somatic cell can cause sporadic brain AVMs. (medscape.com)
Our hypothesis was that maybe it's a somatic genetic disease" or due to a mutation in the genes of a single cell. (medscape.com)

These cells are deemed to have a pluripotent potential because they have the ability to give rise to all of the tissues found in an adult organism. (wikipedia.org)
They may instead be fusing with existing cells, creating genetically mixed-up tissues with unknown health effects" [1]. (i-sis.org.uk)
Telomere shortening in somatic tissues largely reflects stem cell replication. (columbia.edu)
We infer from these findings that differences in telomere length between proliferative (blood and skin) and minimally proliferative tissues (muscle and fat) are established during early life, and that in adulthood, stem cells of the four tissues replicate at a similar rate. (columbia.edu)
Their team focuses on using human induced pluripotent stem cells to grow human tissues inside pigs. (the-scientist.com)
Human pluripotent stem cells harbor the potential to provide an inexhaustible supply of donor cells or tissues or organs for transplantation," Wu wrote in an email. (the-scientist.com)
This can range from the relatively pedestrian, such as a person who received a bone marrow transplant, to creatures that seem more at home in science fiction, such as animals containing cells or tissues belonging to other species. (the-scientist.com)
Cell therapies are treatments that use human cells, including stem cells, with the aim of restoring, maintaining, or improving the functioning of human tissues or organs. (eurostemcell.org)
These include 'adult' differentiated cells of the body (known as somatic cells, e.g. skin cells) and stem cells from a range of sources - embryonic, foetal, cord blood, and mature tissues. (eurostemcell.org)
Currently, clinical trials are underway of drugs that selectively eliminate old cells in organs and tissues, thereby preventing degenerative changes in organs and cancer. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
In our body, there are renewing tissues in which there is a pool of constantly dividing cells that replace spent or dying cells. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Stem cells that exist in almost all organs and tissues are able to divide indefinitely. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Stem cells are present in the myocardium, in the brain (in the hypocampus and in the olfactory bulbs) and in other tissues. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
However, somatic tissues are mainly comprised of heterogeneous, differentiated cell lineages that can be short lived and difficult to specifically transfect. (jci.org)
The key functions of adult stem cells are to maintain and repair the specific tissues where they reside (e.g. skin or blood). (bvsalud.org)
Many studies have shown the utility of embryonic or adult stem cells for forming teeth and for regeneration of bone and soft tissues. (bvsalud.org)
Adult stem cells are classified as pluripotent and are undifferentiated cells that remain quiescent in tissues until stimulated, when they can create cell types that are compatible with the tissue in which they reside. (bvsalud.org)
Additionally, they can form specialized cell types from other tissues if they are transplanted 6 . (bvsalud.org)
Stromal cells are a mixed population that can create bone, cartilage and fat and also fibrous and connective tissues. (bvsalud.org)

He, then, has translated some of this knowledge in the stem cell research field contributing to develop protocols and methods for generating sub-type specific telencephalic neurons through in vitro differentiation of embryonic and neural stem cells. (michaeljfox.org)
Cell proliferation ceased, and differentiation into electrophysiologically active neurons and other CNS cell types in vivo ensued upon transplantation into rats, both during development and after adult injury--with functional improvement and without neoplasia, overgrowth, deformation, emergence of non-neural cell types, phenotypic or genomic instability, or need for immunosuppression. (nih.gov)
One focus of my group lies on a better understanding of the physiological process ofneurogenesis in the adult mouse brain with emphasis on the lineage progression from adult neural stem cells to their neuronal and glial progeny as well as the functional integration of adult-generated neurons into the pre-existing circuit. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
With the addition of four proteins, adult human skin cells can be transformed into neurons over a month-long period. (stanforddaily.com)
The researchers showed they could convert human embryonic stem cells to neurons by infecting them with a virus that expressed the same proteins used in the study. (stanforddaily.com)
This treatment, nicknamed "BAM" after an acronym of the three proteins, converted the embryonic stem cells into functional neurons within six days. (stanforddaily.com)
it triggered the skin cells' transformation into functional neurons within about four to five weeks. (stanforddaily.com)
The cells expressed electrical activity characteristic of neurons and even integrated and interacted with mouse neurons on a laboratory dish. (stanforddaily.com)
While they found that approximately 20 percent of mouse skin cells transform directly into functional neurons, under current culture conditions only about two to four percent of human skin cells do the same. (stanforddaily.com)
Direct reprogramming is an appealing strategy to generate neurons from a somatic cell by forced expression of transcription factors. (lu.se)
The generated neurons can be used for both cell replacement strategies and disease modelling. (lu.se)
Because of this local degeneration of a relatively small population of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain, PD has been considered an especially interesting candidate for cell-replacement therapy. (lu.se)
First, we utilized single cell sequencing to dissect the differentiation of stem cells to midbrain dopaminergic neurons. (lu.se)
Direct neuronal reprogramming of a somatic cell into therapeutic neurons, without a transient pluripotent state, provides new promise for the large number of individuals afflicted by neurodegenerative diseases or brain injury. (lu.se)
This approach could be potentially applied directly in the brain by targeting resident cells as a source of new neurons. (lu.se)
The first part of the thesis (Paper I, II, III) shows the development and improvement of a hESC-based system of for virus-mediated direct reprogramming of human glial progenitor cells into both induced dopaminergic neurons (iDANs) and GABAergic interneurons. (lu.se)

Such cells exist in the crypts of the intestine, in the basal layer of the skin epithelium, in the bone marrow (hematopoietic cells). (vechnayamolodost.ru)
[ 17 ] An adult-onset case of XLP in an 89-year-old man with evolving myelodysplasia exhibited somatic mosaicism in erythroid hematopoietic cells associated with an ALAS2 mutation that predicted a C-terminal deletion. (medscape.com)

a) Neural induction: neuroectoderm (neural dish) differentiation occurs consuming the AVE. The mesodermal cells begin. (biopaqc.com)
Furthermore, protein-iPS cells possessed in vivo differentiation (well-differentiated teratoma formation) and development (chimeric mice generation and a tetraploid blastocyst complementation) potentials. (ewha.ac.kr)
Professor Campbell was a cell biologist/embryologist with a research career spanning more than 30 years, the majority of which was in the field of cell growth and differentiation. (nottingham.ac.uk)
His pioneering studies into cell-cycle control and cellular differentiation led to the programme of work at Roslin that gave birth to the first mammal to be cloned from adult cells - ie. (nottingham.ac.uk)
For the first time researchers can now compare iPSC differentiation to the same process an egg goes through after the transfer of a somatic cell genome. (the-scientist.com)
This could help researchers identify abnormalities in iPSC differentiation, correct them, and develop pluripotent stem cells that don't harbor tumorigenic qualities and do not require the use of human embryos. (the-scientist.com)
Ghasemi-Mobarakeh L, Prabhakaran MP, Tian L, Shamirzaei-Jeshvaghani E, Dehghani L, Ramakrishna S. Structural properties of scaffolds: Crucial parameters towards stem cells differentiation. (wjgnet.com)
Scaffolds play an important role in tissue engineering as a substrate that can mimic the native extracellular matrix and the properties of scaffolds have been shown to affect the cell behavior such as the cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. (wjgnet.com)
Establishment of germ-line-competent embryonic stem (ES) cells using differentiation inhibiting activity. (springer.com)
This change in gene activity blocks the maturation (differentiation) of blood cells and leads to the production of abnormal, immature white blood cells called myeloid blasts. (medlineplus.gov)
Our scientists have developed a wide array of stem cell-focused reagents and resources for many applications including flow cytometry , western blotting , ELISAs , and recombinant proteins for cell differentiation. (biolegend.com)
RUNX1 is also required for the differentiation of CD8+, Th17, and regulatory T cells. (biolegend.com)
These findings revealed that RUNX1 acts as a tumor suppressor for myeloid leukemia and is crucial for the development and terminal differentiation of several blood cell lineages 2,3 . (biolegend.com)
The topics covered include nuclear reprogramming, regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, the stem cell niche, and signaling and gene regulation in stem cells. (cshlpress.com)
The model also predicts that reprogramming the network from a differentiated state, in particular the endoderm state, into a stem cell state, is best achieved by over-expressing Nanog, rather than by suppression of differentiation genes such as Gata-6. (lu.se)
Stem cells can divide into two cells identical to the original stem cell or into differentiated cell types, depending on their origin and differentiation potency. (bvsalud.org)
By definition, adult stem cells are capable of differentiation into at least two lineages and have the property of self-renewal. (bvsalud.org)
Firstly, we present a robust 2-week protocol for the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into forebrain neural progenitor cells. (lu.se)

A potential use of stem cells genetically matched to a patient would be to create cell lines that have genes linked to a patient's particular disease. (wikipedia.org)
With the exception of a few genes one way or the other -- which is perhaps because these cells are now tetraploid -- the hybrid cells are indistinguishable from human embryonic stem cells," he said. (news-medical.net)
But, although the mutation frequency of genes was much lower in ES cells, mutant ES cells accumulated with time in culture. (i-sis.org.uk)
A breakthrough in somatic cell nuclear transfer opens the possibility of producing human embryonic stem cells with a patient's own genes. (the-scientist.com)
While iPSCs avoid the ethical issues surrounding embryonic stem cells, the methods used to derive them sometimes induce mutations in cancer causing genes, making them unsuitable for therapeutic purposes. (the-scientist.com)
Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
Activation of muscle-specific genes in pigment, nerve, fat, liver, and fibroblast cell lines by forced expression of MyoD. (springer.com)
Following a single in vivo lentiviral transduction, genetically tagged AMs persisted in lung alveoli and expressed transferred genes for the lifetime of the adult mouse. (jci.org)
The normal RUNX1 protein, produced from the RUNX1 gene, is part of a protein complex called core binding factor (CBF) that attaches (binds) to DNA and turns on genes involved in blood cell development. (medlineplus.gov)
The RUNX1-ETO fusion protein forms CBF and attaches to DNA, but instead of turning on genes that stimulate the development of blood cells, it turns those genes off. (medlineplus.gov)
The underphosphorylated, active form of Rb interacts directly with E2F1 , leading to cell cycle arrest, while the hyperphosphorylated form decouples from E2F1, thus promoting the transcription of genes promoting entry into the S phase. (biolegend.com)
In an adult organism, the genes on the Y-chromosome help produce the male gamete, the sperm cell. (asu.edu)

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells that result from the reprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent state by forced expression of defined factors are offering new opportunities for regenerative medicine. (nyu.edu)
Such clinical applications of iPS cells have been limited so far, mainly due to the poor efficiency of the existing reprogramming methodologies and the risk of the generated iPS cells to form tumors upon implantation. (nyu.edu)
We hypothesized that the reprogramming of somatic cells towards pluripotency could be achieved in vivo by gene transfer of reprogramming factors. (nyu.edu)
This provided proof-of-evidence of in vivo reprogramming of adult, somatic cells towards a pluripotent state with high efficiency and fast kinetics. (nyu.edu)
It can be concluded that reprogramming somatic cells in vivo may offer a potential approach to induce enhanced pluripotency rapidly, efficiently, and safely compared to in vitro performed protocols and can be applied to different tissue types in the future. (nyu.edu)
Because the reprogramming of adult human terminally differentiated somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) became possible in 2007, only eight years have passed. (biopaqc.com)
The concept of reprogramming of somatic cells has opened a new era in regenerative medicine. (ewha.ac.kr)
We verified that protein-based reprogramming was neither by the contamination of protein donor ES cell nor by DNA/RNA from donor ES cell. (ewha.ac.kr)
Our results provide an alternative and safe strategy for the reprogramming of somatic cells that can be used to facilitate pluripotent stem cell-based cell therapy. (ewha.ac.kr)
In the field of induced potency and fate reprogramming, it remains unclear what the best starting cell might be and to what extent a cell need be transported back to a more primitive state for translational purposes. (nih.gov)
Reprogramming a committed cell back to pluripotence to then instruct it toward a particular specialized cell type is demanding and may increase risks of neoplasia and undesired cell types. (nih.gov)
So far the reprogramming of somatic cells shows very low rates of efficiency (~0.0006-1%) that have not improved in the last two decades of continuous research. (sibi.org)
Despite immense promise, somatic cell reprogramming still faces a critical challenge. (sibi.org)
Here we report on the successful reprogramming of nuclei from somatic cells rendered nonviable by heat treatment. (cnrs.fr)
In this paper, we used an optimized protocol for adult skin fibroblast reprogramming based on RE1. (lu.se)
It provides a framework to explore strategies of reprogramming a cell from a differentiated state to a stem cell state through directed perturbations. (lu.se)
Such an approach is highly relevant to regenerative medicine since it allows for a rapid search over the host of possibilities for reprogramming to a stem cell state. (lu.se)
Recent breakthroughs in reprogramming differentiated cells loops. (lu.se)
A computational model of master regulators that are required for successful reprogramming the dynamics of this core network has revealed that it functions as of a differentiated cell into a cell exhibiting stem cell like a bistable switch, which in the on state, corresponds to all these properties. (lu.se)

Somatic cell nuclear transplantation has become a focus of study in stem cell research. (wikipedia.org)
To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)
Some in vivo transplantation studies have reported robust (35-50%) levels of transdifferentiation, which makes it unlikely that the results are due to cell fusion events. (i-sis.org.uk)
This could allow us to create cells that are useful for transplantation for a variety of diseases without the problem of immunological rejection," said Noggle in a press briefing. (the-scientist.com)
Transplantation of living nuclei from blastula cells into enucleated frogs' eggs. (springer.com)
Photographs of (a) the procedure of somatic cell transfer (shown with the arrow) into the perivitelline space of an enucleated oocyte, (b) cloned bovine embryos used for transplantation to recipient animals, and (c) cloned calf (obtained in Russia for the first time). (isaaa.org)

The technique consists of taking an denucleated oocyte (egg cell) and implanting a donor nucleus from a somatic (body) cell. (wikipedia.org)
These cells genetically matched the donor organism from which they came. (wikipedia.org)
The resulting cells would be genetically identical to the somatic cell donor, thus avoiding any complications from immune system rejection. (wikipedia.org)
However, though BC is emerging as a potential organ transplant option, challenges regarding organ size scalability, immune system incompatibilities, long-term maintenance, potential evolutionary distance, or unveiled mechanisms between donor and host cells remain. (frontiersin.org)
The advance here is the proof that somatic cell nuclear transfer can work [in human cells] and can fully reset the donor cell genome to a pluripotent state," said Harvard Medical School's George Daley , who was not affiliated with the study. (the-scientist.com)
Animals with human cells could provide donor organs or help us understand neuropsychiatric disorders. (the-scientist.com)
For example, stem cells could be generated using the nuclear transfer process described above, with the donor adult cell coming from a patient with diabetes or Alzheimer's. (eurostemcell.org)

We also molecularly defined the development of Sertoli, Leydig and peritubular myoid cells during the perinatal period, allowing us to identify candidate signaling pathways acting between somatic and germ cells in a stage-specific manner during the perinatal period. (biologists.com)
Although interspecies distinctions in cell-type particular factors exist, eventually and pursuing implantation and gastrulation, 3 specific germ levels emerge: endoderm (which forms the liner of organs), mesoderm (gives rise to bone tissue, muscle tissue, and vasculature), and ectoderm (that results the anxious system and epidermis). (biopaqc.com)
Protein-iPS cells were biologically and functionally very similar to ES cells and differentiated into 3 germ layers in vitro. (ewha.ac.kr)
Since germ therapy is too late for everyone alive, we have to correct the genotype of a significant number of our somatic cells or replace them by new ones. (senescence.info)

In the studies published in Science, the researchers combined human fibroblast cells with human embryonic stem cells in the presence of a detergent-like substance that caused the two cell types to fuse. (news-medical.net)
More than 50 years have passed since the phenomenon of cell aging was proved on fibroblast culture, but the existence of old cells in the body has long been questioned. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Hayflick LimitThe phenomenon of cell aging was first discovered in 1961 by Leonard Hayflick and colleagues on fibroblast culture. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
It turned out that cells in human fibroblast culture live for a limited time under good conditions and are able to double approximately 50±10 times, and this number was called the Hayflick limit [6, 7]. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antiviral responses, including IFN-ß mRNA, protein kinase R (PKR), NF-B, and caspase 3/7, were analyzed in SINV-infected cancerous HeLa cells and normal human fibroblast TIG-1-20 cells. (bvsalud.org)

Directed gene transfer into specific cell lineages in vivo is an attractive approach for both modulating gene expression and correcting inherited mutations such as emphysema caused by human α1 antitrypsin (hAAT) deficiency. (jci.org)
Mutations in a gene expressed in smooth muscle cells account for about 14% of cases of hereditary thoracic aortic aneurysm. (hum-molgen.org)
Somatic mutations in facial skin from countries of contrasting skin cancer risk. (cdc.gov)
In collaboration with a group at the University of Geneva (Dr S.I. Nikolaev and Dr S.E. Antonarakis) and the group of Dr J.E. Fish from University of Toronto, they performed exome DNA sequencing of the tissue samples of 26 patients and found somatic activating KRAS mutations in some of them. (medscape.com)
In total, the researchers detected somatic activating KRAS mutations in tissue samples from 45 of 72 patients and in none of the 21 paired blood samples. (medscape.com)

After being inserted into the egg, the somatic cell nucleus is reprogrammed by its host egg cell. (wikipedia.org)

Dolly the Sheep, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult derived somatic cell, was born in 1996. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Inevitably most people will remember him for Dolly the sheep although his recent work was focused on fundamental and applied stem cell research as a tool for the study of human disease. (nottingham.ac.uk)
It's been 20 years since scientists in Scotland told the world about Dolly the sheep , the first mammal successfully cloned from an adult body cell. (wptv.com)
What was special about Dolly is that her "parents" were actually a single cell originating from mammary tissue of an adult ewe. (wptv.com)
Dolly was an important milestone, inspiring scientists to continue improving cloning technology as well as to pursue new concepts in stem cell research. (wptv.com)
In contrast, Dolly was produced by what's called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (wptv.com)
Dolly was the culmination of hundreds of cloning experiments that, for example, showed diploid embryonic and fetal cells could be parents of offspring. (wptv.com)
Dolly demonstrated that adult somatic cells also could be used as parents. (wptv.com)
By my calculations, Dolly was the single success from 277 tries at somatic cell nuclear transfer. (wptv.com)
Like Dolly the sheep, these microscopic embryos can also be implanted into a host uterus, where they develop into a fetus and grow into adult animals after birth. (the-scientist.com)
It became a hot topic in 1996 when Dolly the sheep was cloned via a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (archstl.org)
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)
A year before Dolly, he successfully cloned two lambs (Megan and Morag) whose cells were taken from sheep embryos. (yahoo.com)
While Dolly proved that cells could be used to create a copy of the animal they came from, Wilmut's next experiment proved that they could also be altered. (yahoo.com)

Oct3/4 acts to keep pluripotency in the internal cell mass (ICM) from the blastocyst. (biopaqc.com)
The stem cell field witnessed a genuine breakthrough when a combination of solely four transcription factors ( Oct3 / 4 , Sox2 , Klf4 and c-Myc, OSKM ) proved enough to revert, in vitro, the differentiated status of a variety of cell types back to pluripotency, giving rise to so-called induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. (springer.com)
Transcription factors have an important role in the ability of a cell to self-renew and also differentiate into most cell types, also known as pluripotency 1 . (biolegend.com)
Oct-4 (POU5F1) is a transcription factor that is critically involved in the self-renewal of pluripotent stem cells, and its expression is commonly used as a marker for pluripotency. (stemcell.com)
Background: Recent studies have associated the transcription factors, Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog as parts of a self-regulating network which is responsible for maintaining embryonic stem cell properties: self renewal and pluripotency. (lu.se)

Here we describe the cloning of two Afghan hounds by nuclear transfer from adult skin cells into oocytes that had matured in vivo . (nature.com)
In order to efficiently reprogram cells in vivo, high levels of the Yamanaka (OKSM) transcription factors need to be expressed at the target tissue. (nyu.edu)
In 2015, Dr. Qiang returned to Drexel University, where he now leads a research laboratory that focuses on using human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) based technologies to develop in vitro and ex vivo cellular and tissue models. (drexel.edu)
We speculated that this could be induced in a regulatable manner such that cells proliferate only in vitro and differentiate in vivo without the need for promoting pluripotence or specifying lineage identity. (nih.gov)
Our results challenge the dogma that AMs are short lived and suggest that these differentiated cells may be a possible target cell population for in vivo gene therapy applications, including the sustained correction of hAAT deficiency. (jci.org)
CCD camera imaging demonstrated in vivo expression of the luciferase reporter gene, while flow cytometry of cells obtained by BAL from this mouse demonstrated expression of GFP in 33% of cells. (jci.org)
Mediates ex vivo expansion of cord blood CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (Huang et al. (stemcell.com)
Activation of OCT4 enhances ex vivo expansion of human cord blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by regulating HOXB4 expression. (stemcell.com)
Although hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are the best characterized and the most clinically used adult stem cells, efforts are still needed to understand how to best ex vivo expand these cells. (stemcell.com)

Stem cells can then be obtained by the destruction of this clone embryo for use in therapeutic cloning or in the case of reproductive cloning the clone embryo is implanted into a host mother for further development and brought to term. (wikipedia.org)
Precursor/progenitor cells from the organ of therapeutic concern typically lack only one critical attribute--the capacity for sustained self-renewal. (nih.gov)
Britain s House of Lords final approval of therapeutic human cloning and embryonic stem cells research has intensified the battle for ascendancy between adult and embryonic stem cells. (i-sis.org.uk)
This pioneering study has helped pave the way for others to develop gene and stem-cell based strategies for therapeutic purposes. (nottingham.ac.uk)
In the best case, an early embryo consisting of a few cells may form, but these are not capable of giving rise to human life, nor hESCs for therapeutic purposes. (the-scientist.com)
The triploid cells aren't suitable for therapeutic purposes, and future efforts will be focused on trying to eliminate the [egg cell] genome," said Daley, who wrote an accompanying News & Views in Nature . (the-scientist.com)
5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
Another long-term hope for therapeutic cloning is that it could be used to generate cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (eurostemcell.org)
To date, no human embryonic stem cell lines have been derived using therapeutic cloning, so both these possibilities remain very much in the future. (eurostemcell.org)
In particular, scientific developments in areas such as iPS cells open new possibilities of research and, at mid term, of therapeutic applications, but they also bring new ethical challenges and problems requiring further reflection and debate. (lifeissues.net)

We identified both gene and protein markers for three temporally distinct ProSG cell subsets, including a migratory cell population with a transcriptome distinct from the previously defined T1- and T2-ProSG stages. (biologists.com)
During the process, gene expression and epigenetic status were converted from somatic to ES-equivalent status. (ewha.ac.kr)
As scientific understanding of stem cells, gene editing, and organism development improved, Garry felt that her career path was clear. (the-scientist.com)
A gene that allows mice to accept human bone marrow cells more efficiently is presented online. (hum-molgen.org)
[ 12 , 13 ] Rarely, acquired somatic mutation or deletion of a ferrochelatase gene secondary to myelodysplastic or myeloproliferative disorders leads to an adult-onset protoporphyric disorder. (medscape.com)
The capability of these cells to differentiate depends on the stem cell type, the regulation of gene expression by various transcription factors and interaction with the stem cell niche 1,4 . (biolegend.com)
RUNX1 regulates CD4 gene transcription during multiple stages of T cell development and represses the CD4 gene in CD4-CD8- (double negative) T cells. (biolegend.com)

Development will ensue normally and after many mitotic divisions, the single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with an identical genome to the original organism (i.e. a clone). (wikipedia.org)
On the other hand, a chimera is defined as an organism in which cells from two or more different organisms have contributed. (frontiersin.org)
However, advances in stem cell research in the 2000s revolutionized the field, opening up new possibilities and new applications for multispecies organism research. (the-scientist.com)
There was no evidence that the aging of individual cells plays an important role in the aging of the whole organism. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Before Hayflick's discovery, the prevailing view was that cells are immortal, and aging and death are a property of the organism as a whole. (vechnayamolodost.ru)

A couple of studies show some success in generating early microscopic embryos, but this [study] is the first successful pluripotent stem cell line," said Daley. (the-scientist.com)
The resulting clone developed into a microscopic embryo, which survived long enough for pluripotent stem cell lines to be derived. (the-scientist.com)

This gives them the ability to create patient specific pluripotent cells, which could then be used in therapies or disease research. (wikipedia.org)
The Catholic Church has always held that stem-cell research and therapies are morally acceptable, as long as they don't involve the creation and destruction of human embryos. (archstl.org)
The Church also supports research and therapies using adult stem cells, which are cells that come from any person who has been born - including umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, skin and other organs. (archstl.org)
He expressed hope that one day the cells could be used for human therapies. (stanforddaily.com)
Work on regenerative medicine is not only happening in academic laboratories, novel cell-based therapies are also being developed by commercial companies in Europe and across the world. (eurostemcell.org)
Biotech products include protein drugs made by genetically-engineered cell cultures, monoclonal antibodies (laboratory-made copies of a single human antibody, often for use in cancer treatment ) and, most recently, human cell-based therapies. (eurostemcell.org)
There are currently around 50 firms developing cell therapies within Europe. (eurostemcell.org)
Companies face a choice between a range of human cell types to work with when developing new therapies. (eurostemcell.org)
The REMEDiE project identified some 65 cell therapies under development in the European commercial sector. (eurostemcell.org)
There are more cell therapies than firms because several firms have more than one product in development. (eurostemcell.org)
European cell therapy firms are split almost equally between therapies based on stem cells and therapies based on somatic cells. (eurostemcell.org)
In this essay, I focus on the crucial issue of how to develop therapies to delay and eventually cure aging in adult human beings after we understand the causes of aging . (senescence.info)
The use of various types of stem cells for research purposes to make disease "models" in the lab for regenerative medicine and for "therapies" to cure sick patients for diseases is constantly in the news. (lifeissues.net)
The data presented in this thesis may serve as valuable resources to help optimize future cell replacement therapies for patients suffering from PD. (lu.se)

The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from differentiating endoderm cells of Xenopus laevis. (springer.com)
The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from intestinal epithelium cells of feeding tadpoles. (springer.com)
The developmental capacity of nuclei transplanted from keratinized skin cells of adult frogs. (springer.com)
Granulosa cells from adult sheep were heated to nonphysiological temperatures (55 degrees C or 75 degrees C) before their nuclei were injected into enucleated metaphase II oocytes. (cnrs.fr)
95 longitudinal ridges on the external cuticle, 2-5 chord had significantly higher OD values for total serum nuclei per section, and robust muscle cells, all of which are immunoglobulin G against D . repens somatic antigen characteristic features of D . repens ( 10 ). (cdc.gov)

In that procedure, the nucleus from a cell derived from an embryo, a fetus, or tissue of an adult is inserted. (icr.org)
Two reports appeared as advance online publications in the top British journal Nature , accompanied by a news report that begins, "The hyped ability of adult stem cells to sprout replacement tissue types is being called into question. (i-sis.org.uk)
Stem cells have attracted much interest in tissue engineering as a cell source due to their ability to proliferate in an undifferentiated state for prolonged time and capability of differentiating to different cell types after induction. (wjgnet.com)
These are at all stages of development from early preclinical research, as with a neural stem cell therapy being developed for Parkinson's Disease by Axontherapix S.L of Spain, through to products that are available to treat patients now such as Chondroselect ® , a cell therapy for repairing damaged tissue in knee joints produced by Belgian cell therapy firm TiGenix. (eurostemcell.org)
Cell renewal can occur quite intensively: for example, connective tissue cells in the pancreas are replaced every 24 hours, gastric mucosa cells - every three days, leukocytes - every 10 days, skin cells - every six weeks, approximately 70 g of proliferating small intestine cells are removed from the body daily [1]. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Tissue regeneration occurs due to the proliferation of stem cells, which can not only divide, but also differentiate into cells of the tissue whose regeneration is taking place. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
During cell division, tissue rejuvenation occurs: new cells take the place of damaged ones, while repair (elimination of DNA damage) occurs more intensively and regeneration is possible in case of tissue damage. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Tissue-specific stem cells (also known as Somatic Stem Cells) that appear during fetal development and remain in the body throughout life. (bvsalud.org)
These cells are classified as totipotent and they can form any of the tissue types found in the adult body, in addition to having unlimited proliferation potential 6 . (bvsalud.org)
Transplantations of fetal tissue in the 1980s and 1990s provided proof-of-concept for the potential of cell replacement therapy for PD and some patients benefitted greatly from their transplants. (lu.se)
However, post-mortem analysis of transplanted tissue revealed accumulation of pathological Lewy bodies in a small subset of transplanted cells over time, revealing a host-to-graft disease propagation. (lu.se)
For the study, he and his team analyzed tissue from 39 adult patients with AVMs of the brain who had undergone surgery in Toronto. (medscape.com)
It's important to determine whether the mutation is specific to one type of vascular cell, for example, endothelial cells that line the lumen of vessels and regulate exchanges between tissue and blood and help prevent clotting, or vascular smooth muscle cells in the vessel wall that regulate the vessel diameter and adjust the blood flow like a faucet would. (medscape.com)

In the end, the egg cell contained three sets of chromosomes-two from the diploid somatic cell, and one from the haploid egg. (the-scientist.com)

The aim of carrying out this procedure is to obtain pluripotent cells from a cloned embryo. (wikipedia.org)
Embryonic stem cells are undifferentiated cells of an embryo. (wikipedia.org)
And, since these cell types are derived from three different parts of the embryo, this really demonstrated the ability of these cells to give rise to a variety of different cell types. (news-medical.net)
The fusion ultimately gives rise to a microscopic embryo, from which embryonic stem cells can theoretically be derived. (the-scientist.com)
We think that the developmental cues that exist in the pig will help to guide the human cells inside the porcine embryo. (the-scientist.com)
That's why Father Pacholczyk, director of education at the National Catholic Bioethics Center in Philadelphia, said that the efforts to help people understand the immorality of embryo reserch, including human cloning, must focus on humanizing the issue and appreciating our own embryonic origins, not just on the desired results of embryonic or other types of stem-cell research. (archstl.org)
Human embryonic stem cells have been coaxed into becoming neural crest stem cells, an important cell type in the developing embryo. (hum-molgen.org)
In contrast, the somatic Dnmt1 isoform, which is present in all somatic cells, was important for maintaining this IAP element methylated following implantation of the embryo and throughout adulthood. (uni-muenchen.de)

Researchers have developed a new technique for creating human embryonic stem cells by fusing adult somatic cells with embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
In theory, researchers can induce embryonic stem cells to mature into a variety of specialized cells. (news-medical.net)
For that reason, many researchers believe stem cells offer promise for creating populations of specialized cells that can be used to rejuvenate organs, such as the pancreas or heart, that are damaged by disease or trauma. (news-medical.net)
The researchers were also able to further confirmed that fusion occurred by studying the chromosomal makeup of the fused cells. (news-medical.net)
The researchers also performed fusion experiments using pelvic bone cells as the somatic cells and a different human embryonic cell line, to demonstrate that their technique was not restricted to one adult cell type or embryonic cell line. (news-medical.net)
In the first report [2], researchers from Edinburgh and Oxford took cells from the mouse brain marked with transgene 1, and cultured them together with ES cells marked with a second transgene, 2. (i-sis.org.uk)
These researchers pointed out that the spontaneous fusion rate (without interleukin-3) was extremely low, between 2-11 per million bone marrow cells, and is unlikely to account for all the findings with adult stem cells. (i-sis.org.uk)
In the current issue of the same journal [6], researchers compared the frequency and type of mutation induced in embryonic stem cells and embryonic somatic cells. (i-sis.org.uk)
Before the technique will ever make it to the clinic, however, researchers must find a way to remove genomic material from the egg cell. (the-scientist.com)
Researchers began to dream of a future in which a patients' own cells, perhaps from the blood or the skin, could be converted into these induced pluripotent stem cells and grown into whatever organ the patient needed. (the-scientist.com)
Some researchers are attempting to use stem cells to bioengineer human organs in the lab in vitro , rather than inside another species (5). (the-scientist.com)
The researchers found that BAM treatment to skin cells from fetuses and newborns didn't have the same effect as it did on the stem cells. (stanforddaily.com)
Researchers have identified the cells responsible for rapid delivery of blood-borne antigens to specialized sites in the spleen. (hum-molgen.org)
Now, researchers have found abnormal immune cells may play a role. (hum-molgen.org)
The stem cells could be studied in the laboratory to help researchers understand what goes wrong in diseases like these. (eurostemcell.org)
Researchers and health professionals consider stem cells to be an important weapon in the fight against diseases, particularly those that have resisted the efforts of science for a long time, and they have become the subject of a great deal of recent research. (bvsalud.org)

Somatic cell nuclear transfer is a technique for cloning in which the nucleus of a somatic cell is transferred to the cytoplasm of an enucleated egg. (wikipedia.org)
discussed the procedure of cloning by somatic cell transfer. (icr.org)
Sometimes the process of cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer still produces abnormal embryos, most of which die. (wptv.com)
More than 10 different cell types have been used successfully as "parents" for cloning. (wptv.com)
These days most cloning is done using cells obtained by biopsying skin. (wptv.com)
A decade later, cloning came to the forefront in Missouri with the narrow passage of Amendment 2, a ballot initiative in 2006 that constitutionally protects embryonic stem-cell research and human cloning. (archstl.org)
Wilmut moved to the University of Edinburgh the following decade, focusing on using cloning to make stem cells for regenerative medicine. (yahoo.com)
What is cloning, and what does it have to do with stem cell research? (eurostemcell.org)
This form of cloning is unrelated to stem cell research. (eurostemcell.org)

At the core of the network reside Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog, into embryonic stem cells [1,2,3,4,5], have made major inroads which form a self-organized core of the TFs maintaining into stem cell biology. (lu.se)

Stem cells and regenerative medicine - future perspectives. (springer.com)
Stem cells in regenerative medicine: introduction. (springer.com)
Other countries such as Spain and Switzerland have made significant investments in regenerative medicine and can be considered 'emerging' or secondary sites of strength in the European cell therapy field. (eurostemcell.org)

Dolly's successful birth in 1996 marked the first time a mammal was successfully cloned from an adult cell. (yahoo.com)

Their analyses showed that the hybrid cells were "tetraploid" - meaning they contained the combined chromosomes of both the somatic cells and the embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
This was confirmed by examining the cells chromosomes and identifying the distinctive chromosomes from both mouse lines. (i-sis.org.uk)
The hybrid cells carrying four sets of chromosomes (instead of the usual two) behaved as stem cells when injected into mouse embryos. (i-sis.org.uk)
The fused cells were found to have 4 to six sets of chromosomes by DNA analysis, and they behaved as ES cells when tested. (i-sis.org.uk)
Humans normally have 46 chromosomes in each cell, divided into 23 pairs. (medlineplus.gov)

It turned out that old cells, on the one hand, act as tumor suppressors (since they irreversibly stop dividing themselves and reduce the risk of transformation of surrounding cells), and on the other hand, the specific metabolism of old cells can cause inflammation and degeneration of neighboring precancerous cells into malignant ones. (vechnayamolodost.ru)

Neither the title of the paper, nor the abstract mentioned that in the experiment, five out of 25 rats receiving the transplant died with "teratoma-like tumors" in their brains, a well-known hazard of ES cells. (i-sis.org.uk)
Blood Cells Mol Dis 2010(3): 246-65 [ PubMed abstract ]. (lu.se)

The blastocyst stage is developed by the egg to help create embryonic stem cells from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. (wikipedia.org)
From the idea of fertilisation from the supplementary oocyte, cells commence asymmetric department and sequentially bring about the 2-, 4-, and 8-cell stage blastomere, which eventually develops in to the blastocyst (Shape 1). (biopaqc.com)
1st row (remaining to correct), from your supplementary oocyte Palomid 529 the blastomere evolves (2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, and 16-cell phases) to provide rise to the first blastocyst shaped of trophectoderm (cells that express Cdx2) and internal cell mass cells (that express Oct3/4). (biopaqc.com)
Second row (to remaining), in the past due mouse blastocyst Cdx2 positive cells bring about the extraembryonic ectoderm and ectoplacental cone. (biopaqc.com)
Instead, embryonic stem cells are isolated from the cloned blastocyst. (eurostemcell.org)
Embryonic stem cells are derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, which is an accumulation of primordial cells (4-5 days after fertilization). (bvsalud.org)

Neither report cited a paper published last year in the journal Blood [4], where a group from the Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, reported the most comprehensive experiments proving that a single adult stem cell can differentiate into all cell types in culture. (i-sis.org.uk)
The cells could be made to differentiate into bone forming cells, cartilage forming cells, fat cells, skeletal muscle cells and endothelial cells. (i-sis.org.uk)
cells that behave very like embryonic stem cells and can differentiate into all the different types of cells in the body. (eurostemcell.org)
Stem cells are unique due to their ability to limitlessly self-renew and differentiate into each cell type in the adult body. (biolegend.com)
The key to these cells' utility is their ability to differentiate into many different cell types depending on the stimulus received and they have been used in treatments for diseases such as cancer and neural degeneration, in rehabilitation of tetraplegic and paraplegic patients and even in dentistry 1 . (bvsalud.org)
Hematopoietic stem cells are cells isolated from blood and bone marrow that can differentiate into a variety of different specialized cells and suffer apoptosis 1 . (bvsalud.org)
We show that human and chimpanzee cells differentiate in a similar man¬ner and that the difference in interspecies protein abundance is higher than transcript-level differences, suggesting that post-transcriptional mechanisms play a role in the difference between human and chim¬panzee brain development. (lu.se)

this approach has been championed as an answer to the many issues concerning embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and the destruction of viable embryos for medical use, though questions remain on how homologous the two cell types truly are. (wikipedia.org)
Martin GR. Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells. (springer.com)
Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos. (springer.com)

A prolonged macrophage lifespan, rather than precursor cell proliferation, accounted for the surprisingly sustained presence of transduced AMs. (jci.org)

To circumvent these obstacles, we have developed two methods for the investigation of human neural cells in culture. (lu.se)

In this study that analyzed data from 2 US cohort studies, epigenetic measures of body mass index developed in adults were valid biomarkers of children's body mass index and were associated with socioeconomic and racialized inequalities experienced in childhood, especially at birth. (cdc.gov)

CACNA1C Later on, the internal cell mass provides rise towards the epiblast (cells that communicate Oct3/4 and Nanog) and endoderm (expressing Oct3/4 and GATA4). (biopaqc.com)
We found they could be induced to mature into nerve cells, hair follicles, muscle cells and gut endoderm cells. (news-medical.net)
Citation: Chickarmane V, Peterson C (2008) A Computational Model for Understanding Stem Cell, Trophectoderm and Endoderm Lineage Determination. (lu.se)

This strategy of inducing self-renewal might be applied to progenitors from other organs and may prove to be a safe, effective, efficient, and practical method for optimizing insights gained from the ability to reprogram cells. (nih.gov)

Here we measure telomere length in leukocytes, skeletal muscle, skin and subcutaneous fat of 87 adults (aged 19-77 years). (columbia.edu)

Less commonly, Down syndrome occurs when part of chromosome 21 becomes attached (translocated) to another chromosome during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs and sperm) or very early in fetal development. (medlineplus.gov)

In humans, somatic transfer has been less fruitful-the egg cell quits dividing and often dies after nuclear transfer. (the-scientist.com)
Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)

1. The Developmental Roots of the Anxious System: A SYNOPSIS The procedure of neurodevelopment can be spatiotemporally controlled and necessitates sequential, intensifying limitations in cell destiny. (biopaqc.com)
In this procedure, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed and replaced by the nucleus of a cell from another adult. (eurostemcell.org)

Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells. (springer.com)
We and others have previously shown that mosquito-derived viruses more efficiently infect mammalian cells than mammalian-derived viruses. (bvsalud.org)
We postulate that the rapid shut-off of host translation in mammalian cells infected with the mosquito-derived virus acts to counter the IFN-ß-stimulated transcriptional response. (bvsalud.org)

There are basically two types of stem cells: embryonic and somatic (or adult). (bvsalud.org)

a , Snuppy, the first cloned dog, at 67 days after birth (right), with the three-year-old male Afghan hound (left) whose somatic skin cells were used to clone him. (nature.com)

Instead of removing the egg genome prior to nuclear transfer, he and his colleagues added the somatic cell nucleus directly to the intact egg. (the-scientist.com)

Bone marrow appears to contain three stem cell populations: hematopoietic stem cells, stromal stem cells and endothelial precursor cells. (bvsalud.org)
Results of their new study suggest that these malformations are a result of KRAS -induced activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK-ERK) signaling pathway in brain endothelial cells. (medscape.com)

In the second report [3], mouse bone marrow cells marked with green fluorescent protein were found to fuse with ES cells in culture in the presence of the cytokine, interleukin-3, which is known to encourage cell fusion. (i-sis.org.uk)
[ 1 , 20 ] Excess protoporphyrin is formed during maturation of erythroid cells in the bone marrow and present at the highest levels in reticulocytes and young erythrocytes. (medscape.com)
Stem cells can be found in bone marrow and blood. (bvsalud.org)

These are then fused by inserting the somatic cell into the 'empty' ovum. (wikipedia.org)
The ovum, now containing the somatic cell's nucleus, is stimulated with a shock and will begin to divide. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy66

Organisms27

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs44

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment33

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes99

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science3

SCNT17

Fibroblasts11

Genetic31

Tissues19

Neurons16

Hematopoietic cells2

Differentiation18

Genes13

Reprogramming19

Transplantation6

Donor7

Germ4

Fibroblast5

Mutations5

Nucleus is reprogrammed1

Dolly14

Pluripotency5

Vivo9

Therapeutic10

Gene7

Organism5

Pluripotent Stem2

Therapies14

Nuclei5

Tissue13

Diploid1

Embryo8

Researchers16

Cloning9

Stem Cell Biology1

Regenerative medicine3

Successfully cloned from an adult1

Chromosomes5

Tumor1

Abstract2

Blastocyst6

Differentiate7

Embryos3

Proliferation1

Neural1

Epigenetic1

Endoderm3

Reprogram cells1

Subcutaneous1

Fetal Development1

Humans2

Procedure2

Mammalian cells3

Types of stem cells1

Clone1

Genome1

Endothelial2

Bone marrow3

Ovum2