Solvents and mixtures. Medical search. Frequent questions

The treatment of yeast cells with various chemical agents (n-butanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, acetone, ethanol, toluene and a mixture of organic solvent) have been carried out to increase the β-galactosidase activity. (scialert.net)
By the example of a number of binary mixtures of flammable liquids, the influence of the interaction of their components on the flash point is shown, the calculated and experimental (reference) data in a closed crucible are compared for the ratio of components in the range from 0 to 100 % in benzene-toluene and benzene-ethanol mixtures. (btpnadzor.ru)
This investigation was therefore conducted as a set up of occupational exposure study at an adhesive manufacturing company where the mainly used solvents are acetone, cyclohexane, n-hexane, methylethylketone, toluene and trichloroethylene. (biomedcentral.com)
Toluene (108883), methyl -ethyl- ketone (78933), and methyl - isobutyl- ketone (108101) were the major solvent components. (cdc.gov)
Carbon disulfide, N-hexane, and toluene are some of the more common industrial solvents. (medscape.com)

Water uptake studies were performed in water and in water-solvent (acetone, methanol and tetrahydrofuran) binary mixtures at 25 ° C, gravimetrically. (scirp.org)
To verify these methods, acetone-benzene and acetone-chloroform mixtures were experimentally studied, for which a deviation from Raoult's law could be assumed. (btpnadzor.ru)
Some of these 6′-lactose esters were synthesized employing green solvents such as acetone [8, 9] . (researchgate.net)

Organic solvents are a chemical class of compounds that are used routinely in commercial industries. (medscape.com)
Organic solvents arose in the latter half of the 19th century from the coal-tar industry. (medscape.com)
Neurophysiologic, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging diagnostic tools have been used to evaluate individuals and groups exposed to organic solvents. (medscape.com)
In 1987, NIOSH reported that 9.8 million workers were exposed to organic solvents in occupational settings. (medscape.com)
Table 1 lists common sources of organic solvent exposures. (medscape.com)
Stoddard solvent is a widely used, man-made organic solvent that comes from the refining of crude oil. (cdc.gov)
Although some of the chemicals that make up Stoddard solvent can attach to organic matter in the soil, if a large amount of Stoddard solvent contaminates the soil, it will move through the soil into groundwater. (cdc.gov)
to assess environmental and biological monitoring of exposure to organic solvents in a glue-manufacturing company in Sfax, Tunisia. (biomedcentral.com)
This study assessed for the first time biological exposure to organic solvents used in Tunisian adhesive industries. (biomedcentral.com)
Organic solvents are a group of mainly volatile compounds widely used to dissolve other substances in industrial processes among them adhesive manufacturing ones. (biomedcentral.com)
The author concludes that a potential hazard from overexposure to organic solvent mixtures existed as well as overexposure to formaldehyde. (cdc.gov)
The use of vegetable oil as an organic substrate is intended to create the redox and electron donor conditions necessary to promote microbial reductive dechlorination of chlorinated solvents. (serdp-estcp.org)
If there is concern about disposal with general waste, the NC can be dissolved in either acid or base or in organic solvents. (cdc.gov)
This method uses a mixture of organic solvents phenol and chloroform to extract unwanted cellular components from nucleic acid. (cdc.gov)

Methanol is a toxic alcohol that is used industrially as a solvent, pesticide, and alternative fuel source. (cdc.gov)
A change in the solvent from dichloromethane to ethyl acetate or the use of sodium dithionite in aqueous methanol at -20 o C and room temperature as the reducing agent led to reduced yields of the trihydroxytrione ( 5 ). (google.com)
In one study, exposure to methanol alone (excluding methanol mixtures in automotive and cleaning products) was reported in 526 cases. (medscape.com)

hydrocarbon oils" covers mixtures of hydrocarbons such as tar oils or mineral oils. (uspto.gov)
1992. Standard speciation for mineral spirits (petroleum spirits) (hydrocarbon dry cleaning solvent). (cdc.gov)
We performed four Health Hazard Evaluations at drycleaners that used either a high-flashpoint hydrocarbon mixture or butylal. (cdc.gov)
Concentrations of the high-flashpoint hydrocarbon mixture and butanol in air were well below occupational exposure limits. (cdc.gov)

However, most occupational exposures involved solvent mixtures. (medscape.com)
Full shift time weighted average exposures to solvent mixtures ranged from 26 to 110 percent of the combined evaluation criteria for individual solvents. (cdc.gov)
In 2012, investigators from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) began working with the Local Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County, Washington (LHWMP)* to learn about occupational exposures to two alternative solvents. (cdc.gov)
We provided recommendations for the shop owners and employees to help reduce their exposures to the drycleaning solvents and other chemicals. (cdc.gov)

Use of solvents for the extraction of heavy oil and bitumen appears to be an increasingly feasible technology. (onepetro.org)
Both Vapour Extraction and direct Solvent Injection are considered for conventional exploration and production schemes, while solvent dilution of bitumen is a standard technique in oil sands mining. (onepetro.org)
The solvent extraction is a well-known technique and easily scalable to an industrial scale, comparing with other new non-conventional methods (such as ultrasound, microwave, and pressure-assisted extractions) that, although allow to reduce the energy and solvent requirement, still present some difficulties to be applied at an industrial level [ 25 ]. (springer.com)

Mokrousova O.A., Kaybichev I.A., Khabibullina N.V., Zhivotinskaya L.O. Flash Point of Binary Mixed Solvents and Effect on its Formation Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds. (btpnadzor.ru)
As a solvent comes into contact with a heavy oil or bitumen sample, then the mobility of hydrogen bearing molecules of both solvent and oil changes. (onepetro.org)
It has been suggested, on the basis of theoretical analysis, that the zwitterion is stabilized in aqueous solution by hydrogen bonding with solvent water molecules. (wikipedia.org)

Stoddard solvent final report. (cdc.gov)
Mutagenicity evaluation of Stoddard solvent. (cdc.gov)
Mutagenicity of API 8501, Stoddard solvent (CAS 8052-41-3) in a mouse lymphoma mutation assay. (cdc.gov)
This Public Health Statement is the summary chapter from the Toxicological Profile for Stoddard solvent . (cdc.gov)
This Statement was prepared to give you information about Stoddard solvent and to emphasize the human health effects that may result from exposure to it. (cdc.gov)
Stoddard solvent has been found in at least seven of these sites. (cdc.gov)
However, we do not know how many of the 1,397 NPL sites have been evaluated for Stoddard solvent. (cdc.gov)
As EPA evaluates more sites, the number of sites at which Stoddard solvent is found may change. (cdc.gov)
This information is important for you to know because Stoddard solvent may cause harmful health effects and because these sites are potential or actual sources of human exposure to Stoddard solvent. (cdc.gov)
If you are exposed to a hazardous chemical such as Stoddard solvent, several factors will determine whether harmful health effects will occur and what the type and severity of those health effects will be. (cdc.gov)
What is Stoddard solvent? (cdc.gov)
The chemicals in Stoddard solvent are similar to those in white spirits, which are also discussed in this profile. (cdc.gov)
Stoddard solvent is commonly referred to as dry cleaning safety solvent, naphtha safety solvent, petroleum solvent, PD-680, varnoline, and spotting naphtha. (cdc.gov)
Stoddard solvent is used as a paint thinner, as a solvent in some types of photocopier toners, in some types of printing inks, in some adhesives, as a dry cleaning solvent, and as a general cleaner and degreaser. (cdc.gov)
It is produced and used as a colorless, flammable liquid but will turn into a vapor (gas) at temperatures ranging from 150-200°C. Stoddard solvent smells and tastes like kerosene. (cdc.gov)
You can smell it when the level in the air is about 0.34 parts of Stoddard solvent in a million parts of air (ppm) or 2 milligrams of Stoddard solvent per cubic meter of air (mg/m 3 ). (cdc.gov)
What happens to Stoddard solvent when it enters the environment? (cdc.gov)
Stoddard solvent is a mixture of many chemicals. (cdc.gov)
Some of these evaporate into the air when Stoddard solvent spills onto soils or surface waters. (cdc.gov)
Stoddard solvent itself does not dissolve well in water, but some of the chemicals in it do dissolve when it spills on surface water or when it leaks from underground storage tanks. (cdc.gov)
Some of the chemicals in Stoddard solvent can attach to particles in soil or water and, in water, may sink down to the sediment. (cdc.gov)
It is not known whether Stoddard solvent will accumulate in plants or animals living in contaminated soil or water, or in animals eating contaminated plants or sediments. (cdc.gov)

7. Batov D.V., Mochalova T.A., Petrov A.V. Flash Point Study of Binary Nonaqueous Mixtures of Liquids with Positive and of Negative Deviations from the Raoult's Law. (btpnadzor.ru)
Experimental liquid densities of decane and of CO 2 (1) + decane (2) binary mixtures (at five different compositions, x 1 = 0.0551, 0.2369, 0.4536, 0.8114, and 0.9663) were measured from (313 to 363) K and at pressures up to 25 MPa. (acs.org)
The aim of our work was the study of the interaction of three red wine polyphenols-quercetin, resveratrol and caffeic acid-alone and in their equimolar binary and ternary mixtures in different antioxidant/scavenging assays (inhibition of 2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation by hydroxyl radical, FRAP, Fe(III) reducing power, DPPH, ABTS and NO scavenging, respectively). (mdpi.com)
Thermodynamic properties of binary mixtures containing ketones. (nist.gov)

However in spite of the large quantity being used, there is little information on exposure and on the adverse health effects solvents may cause. (biomedcentral.com)
The investigation aimed to assess occupational exposure of the company volunteer's workers to a mixture of solvents in order to improve the plant working conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
We assume therefore that solvents exposure has been quite steady for a long time. (biomedcentral.com)
Because exposure to these drycleaning solvents can occur through skin contact, we also took surface patch samples on two employees to see if they were getting these solvents on their hands during the machine cleaning process despite wearing gloves. (cdc.gov)
The aim of this exploratory study was to examine whether the kurtosis metric can contribute to investigations of the effects of combined exposure to noise and solvents on human hearing thresholds. (cdc.gov)
Results showed an interaction between noise exposure and solvents for the hearing threshold at 6000 Hz. (cdc.gov)

The experimental verification of the calculated flash point temperatures of solvent mixtures used in industry is presented, and the evaluation of the adequacy of the methods for calculating the rate of its evaporation is given. (btpnadzor.ru)
An increase in the saturated vapor pressure and an increase in the evaporation rate are observed in the first mixture, and a decrease in the second. (btpnadzor.ru)
These salts were readily prepared by slow evaporation of mixtures containing the corresponding solvents. (iucr.org)
By controlling the conditions of solvent evaporation, controlled pores are formed in the resulting polymer sheet (membrane). (cdc.gov)

The problem of predicting fire and explosion hazard of solvents is associated with the identification of the fact of the formation of explosive concentrations of their vapors and change of flash point temperatures of the mixed liquids. (btpnadzor.ru)
It is noted that for mixtures with a similar molecular structure, the results of calculating the flash point are in good agreement with the experiment, otherwise, the calculation gives overestimated values for liquids of various classes. (btpnadzor.ru)
It is not strictly a mixture, because the two liquids do not actually mix. (flashcardmachine.com)
These novel classes of liquid materials include ionic liquids, CO 2 -triggered switchable solvents (i.e. (frontiersin.org)
The study of influence of salt on vapour liquid equilibrium of solvent mixture is of interest, because addition of salt to a mixed solvent will enhance the relative volatility and break azeotrope of the mixture.Salt-Effect distillation is a method of Extractive distillation in which salt is dissolved in the mixture of liquids to be distilled. (slideshare.net)
Salt-Effect distillation is a method of Extractive distillation in which salt is dissolved in the mixture of liquids to be distilled. (slideshare.net)

It is a petroleum mixture made from distilled alkanes, cycloalkanes (naphthenes), and aromatic compounds. (cdc.gov)
In addition, aromatic solvents can interact synergistically with noise. (cdc.gov)

Although solvents number in the thousands, only a few have been tested for neurotoxicity. (medscape.com)
Many industrial and recreational solvents can cause neurotoxicity. (medscape.com)

Ionic Liquid Selection for the Separation of Refrigerant Mixtures Using Extractive Distillation. (acs.org)
Effect Of Addition Of Calcium Chloride On Separation Of Acetic Acid-Water Mixture By Extractive Distillation. (slideshare.net)
The objective is to study the effect of addition of CaCl on separation of Acetic acid - water mixture and to find out the possibility of the use of concentrated solution of CaCl 2 as a solvent for separating dilute solution of acetic acid in water by extractive distillation process. (slideshare.net)
Similar to Effect Of Addition Of Calcium Chloride On Separation Of Acetic Acid-Water Mixture By Extractive Distillation. (slideshare.net)
Vol-1 Issue-2 2015 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396 1130 www.ijariie.com 19 Effect Of Addition Of Calcium Chloride On Separation Of Acetic Acid-Water Mixture By Extractive Distillation. (slideshare.net)

A secondary beneficial process is the partitioning of the dissolved chlorinated solvents into the vegetable oil, causing aqueous-phase concentrations to lower until steady-state conditions are reached. (serdp-estcp.org)
We learned that the highest air concentrations of the drycleaning solvents were during loading and unloading of the machines and when pressing fabrics. (cdc.gov)
Passive samplers were used to measure solvent concentrations for each worker exposed to solvents over their full work shift. (cdc.gov)

It has been seen that the lower equilibrium swelling factor values in all solvent compositions in comparison with the equilibrium swelling factor values in water. (scirp.org)
Cluster analysis revealed the trace presence of percolating water clusters (25 ≥ n ≥ 2) in solvent compositions of 5 and 10w for the first time. (lu.se)

However, using benzene as a solvent, a lower yield (60%) of the cycloadduct ( 11 ) (with a d.e. of 60% prior to trituration and crystallisation). (google.com)

Based on Fick's second law, a diffusion coefficient, which is independent of concentration, was calculated against three oils and six solvents. (onepetro.org)
In this paper, such experimental data are obtained for three oils and six solvents. (onepetro.org)

When heated to temperatures between 90°C and 147°C, for between 3 and 12 hours, the solvent could dissolve the lignin in wheat straw, allowing it to be extracted. (cosmosmagazine.com)

The strongest caustics, acids, and solvents are used without a second thought. (naturalpigments.com)

Because tautomers are different compounds, they sometimes have different enough structures that they can be detected independently in their mixture. (wikipedia.org)
Compounds in mixtures retain their individual properties. (flashcardmachine.com)

Previously, the cycloadduct ( 11 ) was shown to react 4a with an aqueous osmium tetroxide - barium chlorate solution in a mixture of THF and carbon tetrachloride to afford the hydroxypentaone ( 13 ) in 52% yield. (google.com)

NC membranes are manufactured by dissolving cellulose nitrate or a mixture of cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate in a solvent and casting the resulting 'honey-consistency' solution on an endless steel belt. (cdc.gov)

Water quenches remaining silyl reagent and protonates amine bases prior to their removal from the reaction mixture. (wikipedia.org)

In today’s complex industrial environments, noise and chemicals such as solvents are found in many workplaces and are part of the daily life of numerous workers. (cdc.gov)

Paint is typically a formulated mixture of resins, pigments, fillers, solvents and other additives. (who.int)

We collected personal and area air samples for the drycleaning solvents, as well as for formaldehyde and butanol, which are potential hydrolysis byproducts of butylal. (cdc.gov)
The shop owners added a manufacturer recommended neutralizer to the drycleaning machine using butylal that helps prevent hydrolysis of the solvent and release of formaldehyde and butanol. (cdc.gov)

Eutectic mixtures of choline chloride, urea, and water in deep eutectic solvent (DES)/water molar hydration ratios (w) of 2, 5, and 10, with dissolved cerium salt, were measured using neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution. (lu.se)

In the first case, the amount of substance that is taking part in the explosion increases and must be taken into account when calculating the room pressure increase during explosion, and the second can be used to reduce the potential explosive hazard of solvent mixtures. (btpnadzor.ru)
Therefore, for mixtures of solvents used in industry, the number of components of which is three or more, it is required to check the flash point experimentally in order to more accurately predict their fire and explosion hazard. (btpnadzor.ru)

2. A mixture is not chemically combined. (flashcardmachine.com)
For all these reasons, alternative CO 2 capture solvents that are environmentally benign, thermally and chemically stable, and that exhibit high absorption capacity and fast kinetics, are coveted for effective CO 2 capture, from both process and cost points of view. (frontiersin.org)

Superior results in some cases may be obtained with butyllithium: A third method uses a mixture of DMF and DIPEA. (wikipedia.org)

When a water-miscible non-solvent is added to water, the water-swollen hydrogel often shrinks or collapses. (scirp.org)
Depending on the gel chemical structure, the solvent nature and water-solvent composition, the gel shrinkage may be gradual (continuous) or abrupt (discontinuous) [14] - [19]. (scirp.org)
Resveratrol in Some Mono-Solvents and Various Propylene Glycol + Water Mixtures. (bvsalud.org)
The solubility of TRV in six different mono- solvents and various PG + water mixtures was determined at 298.2-318.2 K and 0.1 MPa. (bvsalud.org)
Applications include water and its mixtures with common gases (important for humidity standards, combustion gases, and CO 2 sequestration), higher virial coefficients of helium and argon (important in metrology), correcting gas-saturation vapor pressure measurements for deviation from ideal-gas behavior, estimation of the enhancement of mercury vaporization by air, and molecular calculation of diffusive fractionation of water isotopes in air for atmospheric and climate science. (nist.gov)
Dr. Harvey is a leader in international efforts to produce standards for the thermophysical properties of water in all its phases (including the "steam tables" widely used in industry), and of important aqueous mixtures. (nist.gov)
4. When salt and water are combined, a mixture is created. (flashcardmachine.com)
Moreover, during the thermal regeneration of the materials, not only is the solvent heated but also the water. (frontiersin.org)
The interaction of water and solvents with a painting must be understood and carefully considered. (naturalpigments.com)
The addition of calcium chloride to this solvent mixture increases the water concentration in vapour phase at equilibrium. (slideshare.net)
This indicates a preferential association of salt with less volatile component, acetic acid in the acetic acid-water mixture, water is more volatile component in acetic acid-water mixture. (slideshare.net)
Additionally, professional wet washing using water and detergents has also been used along with or to replace solvent-based drycleaning [EPA 2015]. (cdc.gov)

Toxic effects of solvents and vapors. (cdc.gov)

Remediating chlorinated solvents in groundwater to regulatory criteria is one of the Department of Defense's (DoD) greatest environmental challenges. (serdp-estcp.org)

Amine-based reagents exhibit favorable thermodynamic and kinetic properties for CO 2 absorption and are considered affordable since the solvents are already commercially available. (frontiersin.org)

There are a number of recent large-scale demonstrations including the Boundary Dam Carbon Capture Project by SaskPower in Canada that have reported successful implementations of aqueous amine solvent in CO 2 capture from flue gases. (frontiersin.org)

While the latest efforts in aqueous amine solvents are exciting and promising, there are still several drawbacks to amine-based CO 2 capture solvents including high volatility and corrosiveness of the amine solutions as well as the high parasitic energy penalty during the solvent regeneration step. (frontiersin.org)
It relies on chemical absorption and more specifically on the chemical reaction between CO 2 and the amine group of the solvent ( Rochelle, 2009 ). (frontiersin.org)

Independent evaluation of the toxicological properties of these alternative drycleaning solvents is needed. (cdc.gov)

Twenty factory workers exposed to noise and solvents along with 20 workers of similar age exposed only to noise in eastern China were investigated using pure-tone audiometry (1000-8000 Hz). (cdc.gov)

These fields are primary candidates for thermal and solvent based processes for recovery of the oil and bitumen. (onepetro.org)

One of the advantages of hydrogels consists in their capability of high swelling and in exhibiting a first-order phase transition (collapse) caused by a small change in external conditions such as temperature, electric ﬁeld, solvent composition, etc. [14] - [19]. (scirp.org)
Hydrogels are usually sensitive to the solvent medium composition. (scirp.org)

A mixture of the two forms is used to manufacture other solvents and chemical products. (ewg.org)

in a 1:1 acetic acid-dichloromethane mixture. (google.com)

INTRODUCTION:- The study of influence of salt on vapour liquid equilibrium of solvent mixture is of interest, because addition of salt to a mixed solvent will enhance the relative volatility and break azeotrope of the mixture. (slideshare.net)

Of these pools, 22 (3.94%) showed positive results with solvent-detergent and used standardized molecular (Table 1). (cdc.gov)

Organisms3

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs66

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment36

Phenomena and Processes46

Disciplines and Occupations8

Technology, Industry, Agriculture7

Information Science6

Health Care6

Toluene5

Acetone3

Organic14

Methanol3

Hydrocarbon4

Exposures4

Extraction3

Hydrogen3

STODDARD SOLVENT22

Binary4

Exposure6

Evaporation4

Liquids6

Aromatic2

Neurotoxicity2

Extractive Distillation5

Concentrations3

Compositions2

Benzene1

Oils2

Dissolve1

Acids1

Compounds2

Carbon tetrachloride1

Cellulose1

Reaction Mixture1

Chemicals1

Resins1

Formaldehyde2

Molar1

Hazard2

Chemically2

Method uses a mixture1

Water12

Toxic1

Groundwater1

Thermodynamic1

Gases1

Amine2

Evaluation1

Workers1

Thermal1

Composition2

Manufacture1

Acetic1

Influence1

Molecular1