Solute transporters in epithelial. Medical search. Frequent questions

For instance, most labile zinc in the body is absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells via SLC39a4 protein, and excessive zinc is excreted through the kidneys, and the intestine via SLC39a5 ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
The lysosomal accumulation of cystine leads to severe dysfunction of the epithelial cells lining the proximal tubule of the kidney, causing defective endocytosis and massive losses of solutes in the urine. (uzh.ch)
Prostate epithelial cells accumulate a high level of aspartate that is utilized as a substrate for their unique function of production and secretion of enormously high levels of citrate. (biomedcentral.com)
In earlier kinetic studies we identified the existence of a unique Na+-dependent high-affinity L-aspartate transport process in rat prostate secretory epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The present report is concerned with the identification of this putative L-aspartate transporter in rat and human prostate cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The studies show for the first time that EAAC1 is expressed in normal rat prostate epithelial cells, in normal and hyperplastic human prostate glands, and in human malignant prostate cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
This study shows that EAAC1 functions as the high-affinity L-aspartate transporter that is responsible for the uptake and accumulation of aspartate in prostate cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In other cells (predominantly excitable tissue cells), EAAC1 has been reported to function as a glutamate transporter rather than as an aspartate transporter. (biomedcentral.com)
Conjunctival epithelial cells, which express viral-entry receptors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine type 2 (TMPRSS2), constitute the largest exposed epithelium of the ocular surface tissue and may represent a relevant viral-entry route. (bvsalud.org)
To address this question, we generated an organotypic air-liquid-interface model of conjunctival epithelium, composed of basal, suprabasal, and superficial epithelial cells, and fibroblasts, which could be maintained successfully up to day 75 of differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
Solutes enter the CSF by a variety of processes, including active transport via specific transporter mechanisms present in choroidal epithelial cells, facilitated diffusion and passive diffusion. (clinicalgate.com)
However, the proteins responsible for the active transport of these drugs into milk are not known, since little is known regarding the expression drug transport proteins in lactating mammary epithelial cells. (uky.edu)
A quantitative RT-PCR method based on real-time fluorescence will test the hypothesis that cation/anion transporter genes which are responsible for drug transport in other tissues, are expressed in mammary epithelial cells. (uky.edu)
Cell culture studies will test the hypothesis that immortalized human mammary epithelial cells also express these transporter genes and that a subset of these genes are up-regulated by lactogenic hormones (i.e., prolactin, insulin and glucocorticoids). (uky.edu)
Functional uptake and efflux studies in these immortalized cells will substantiate the role of these expressed transporters in the specific accumulation of radiolabeled cimetidine and nitrofurantoin, as well as model substrates (e.g. (uky.edu)
Transporter genes found to be highly expressed in lactating mammary cells will be cloned by RT-PCR methods and transfected into cell lines with low background expression for these genes. (uky.edu)
Has been shown to act both as an intestinal proton-coupled high-affinity folate transporter and as an intestinal heme transporter which mediates heme uptake from the gut lumen into duodenal epithelial cells. (string-db.org)
In passive mechanism, diffusion of drug through close junctions of epithelial cells occurs depending on its size and charge while in active transport, uptake of drug is mediated by carrier i.e. active proteins [ 3 - 5 ]. (omicsonline.org)
Finally, some of these proteins were found to be adherent to intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. (escholarship.org)
Knockdown of HSF1 in SKOV3 and HEY ovarian cancer cell lines attenuates the epithelial-tomesenchymal transition (EMT) in cells treated with TGFβ, as determined by western blot and quantitative RT-PCR analysis of multiple EMT markers. (usf.edu)
The thick segment of the loop of Henle, which begins about halfway up the ascending limb, has thick epithelial cells that have high metabolic activity and are capable of active reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and potassium (see Figure 27-8). (brainkart.com)
The majority of the working cells of the kidneys are epithelial cells that form the walls of the renal tubules, and their task is to move water and a large array of substances between the lumens of the tubules and the nearby network of blood vessels. (mhmedical.com)
NIS is expressed on the basolateral surface of epithelial cells of the salivary gland, thyroid, gestational breast, and stomach. (solvobiotech.com)
By contrast, placental cytotrophoblasts, as well as intestinal and kidney epithelial cells show apical localization [1-3]. (solvobiotech.com)
Protein expression and function of organic anion transporters in short-term and long-term cultures of Huh7 human hepatoma cells. (cancerindex.org)
In response to alterations in tonicity, virtually all cells activate mechanisms to regulate cell water and solute content [1] . (prolekarniky.cz)
Aquaporins are found in a high concentration in the epithelial cells that produce aqueous humor (as well as other epithelial cells that allow water to move readily across their membrane, e.g., epithelial cells in the kidney). (shadowebike.com)
For over 50 years, glucose has been recognised to cross the lung epithelial barrier and be transported by lung epithelial cells. (ersjournals.com)
In primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) with 16.6±0.4 mM glucose in the basolateral medium, ASL glucose was 2.2±0.5 mM [ 11 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Unlike the other NHE isoforms, NHE3 is recycled between apical membranes and the endosomal compartment of epithelial cells where it has a significant involvement in renal and intestinal Na + absorption. (tocris.com)
Overexpression of the solute carrier family 14 member 1 gene could abolish hypoxia-induced invasion, reduce the migration of A498 cells, inhibit the hypoxia-induced release of inflammatory cytokines, and arrest the cell cycle at the G1/S checkpoint. (biomedcentral.com)
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) originates from either the cancerous renal cortex or renal tubular epithelial cells, and is the second most lethal urological malignancy, accounting for 90-95% of kidney neoplasms. (biomedcentral.com)
Numerous symporters and antiporters affect the transport of solutes across the apical membrane of proximal tubule cells. (medscape.com)
The proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) is ubiquitously expressed in solid tumors to which it delivers antifolates, particularly pemetrexed, into cancer cells. (aspetjournals.org)
The augmentation of intracellular pH, when cells are in a HEPES buffer, should be taken into consideration in studies that encompass all proton-coupled transporter families. (aspetjournals.org)
This phase involves the restitution of cell polarity and tight junction integrity in sublethally injured cells, removal of dead cells by apoptosis, removal of intratubular casts by reestablishment of tubular fluid flow, and regeneration of lost renal epithelial cells. (medscape.com)

Meta-analysis of association between obsessive-compulsive disorder and the 3' region of neuronal glutamate transporter gene SLC1A1" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
The neuronal and epithelial human high affinity glutamate transporter. (wikipedia.org)
The identification of EAAC1 as the high-affinity L-aspartate transporter now permits studies to elucidate the mechanism of hormonal regulation of EAAC1 gene expression, and to investigate the mechanism by which the cellular environment effects the functioning of EAAC1 as an aspartate transporter or as a glutamate transporter. (biomedcentral.com)
Cross-species target mining identified two genes, interleukin-8 ( IL-8 ) and solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3 ( SLC1A3 ), which were uniformly expressed in dog but not in all pediatric osteosarcoma patient samples. (biomedcentral.com)

In the brain, excitatory amino acid transporters are crucial in terminating the postsynaptic action of the neurotransmitter glutamate, and in maintaining extracellular glutamate concentrations below neurotoxic levels. (wikipedia.org)
Subsequent to our kinetic identification of the transport process, significant advances have been achieved in the genetic and protein identification and characterization of the X AG - transporter class as EAATs (excitatory amino acid transporters). (biomedcentral.com)

They discovered that changes in blood pressure, or alterations in Angiotensin II, provoke rapid trafficking of renal sodium transporters between membrane domains, associated with phosphorylation and pool size regulation. (usc.edu)
Using the transporter profiling approach, Dr. McDonough and her colleagues have defined how stimuli such as dietary salts, Ang II, kidney injury, and immune cytokines increase renal sodium transport in a region specific manner along the nephron and how resultant hypertension provokes intrarenal responses to decrease sodium reabsorption (via pressure natriuresis), a response that defines the blood pressure set point in the kidney. (usc.edu)
2007). These proteins are important for the regulation of intracellular pH (pH i ) and play crucial roles in the epithelial absorption of HCO 3 - (e.g., in the renal proximal tubule) and secretion of HCO 3 - (e.g., in the pancreatic duct). (tcdb.org)
SVCT1 is largely confined to epithelial surfacesof the intestine and kidney, and is involved in dietary absorption and renal reabsorption of vitamin C. (geneinformed.com)
The kidneys mostly move water and solutes filtered in the glomerulus from the lumen of the tubules back into the renal blood vessels. (mhmedical.com)
The results elucidate a mechanism wherein the solute carrier family 14 member 1 gene participates in the occurrence and development of hypoxia-induced renal cell carcinoma in a mitochondria-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)

Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 is a member of the high-affinity glutamate transporters which plays an essential role in transporting glutamate across plasma membranes in neurons. (wikipedia.org)
In third mechanism of drug transport where drug is permeated transcellularly due to its lipophilicity straightaway crosswise at epithelial cell's apical and basolateral membranes. (omicsonline.org)
The thin descending and thin ascending segments, as their names imply, have thin epithelial membranes with no brush borders, few mitochondria, and minimal levels of metabolic activity (Figure 27-8). (brainkart.com)
The primary function of most aquaporins is to transport water across cell membranes in response to osmotic gradients created by active solute transport. (shadowebike.com)

We analyse two comprehensive transcriptome datasets from human tissues and human-derived cell lines in terms of the expression profiles of the SLC and ABC families of membrane transporters. (biorxiv.org)
It has been reported that solute carrier (SLC) and the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter super families are the major class of membrane transporters [ 14 , 17 ]. (omicsonline.org)
The generation of cellular models of drug resistance has been pivotal in unravelling the main effectors of resistance to traditional chemotherapy at the molecular level (i.e. intracellular drug inactivation, detoxifying systems, defects in DNA repair, apoptosis evasion, membrane transporters and cell adhesion). (nature.com)

Correction of the primary lysosomal defect, neutralization of mitochondrial oxidative stress, or blockage of tight junction-associated YBX3 signaling rescue epithelial function and endocytic uptake. (uzh.ch)
mainly involved in uptake, and ABC transporters (ABCs), mainly involved in efflux (e.g. (biorxiv.org)
Two types of transporters are identified in intestine i.e. uptake and efflux transporters. (omicsonline.org)
Since the mid-1960s, it has been known that there are energy-dependent, sodium-coupled glucose transporter (SGLT) and energy-independent, facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT) pathways for glucose uptake in the lung [ 1 ], and that glucose can permeate the alveolar epithelial barrier [ 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)

An important component of solute reabsorption in the thick ascending limb is the sodium-potassium ATPase pump in the epithelial cell basolateral mem-branes. (brainkart.com)
As in the proximal tubule, the reabsorption of other solutes in the thick segment of the ascending loop of Henle is closely linked to the reabsorptive capability of the sodium-potassium ATPase pump, which maintains a low intracellular sodium concentra-tion. (brainkart.com)
Therefore, most of thewater delivered to this segment remains in the tubule, despite reabsorption of large amounts of solute. (brainkart.com)
Numerous mechanisms can result in diminished reabsorption of solutes by the proximal tubule. (medscape.com)

Preliminary studies from our laboratory indicate that members of the Solute Carrier Family 22 (SLC22) and other cation/anion transporter genes are present in mammary tissue (MRP, OATP, OCT-1 and OCT-3). (uky.edu)

One family consists of 10 solute-linked carrier 30 (SLC30 or ZnT) exporters, and the other family consists of 14 solute-linked carrier 39 (SLC39 or ZIP) importers ( 10 , 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
As noted above, the AE or solute carrier 4 (SLC4) family includes 10 members (SLC4A1-5, SLC4A7-11), which are expressed in multiple tissues in the human body. (tcdb.org)
Glucose transporter 1 (or GLUT1), also known as solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 (SLC2A1), is a glucose transporter that permits the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. (bicellscientific.com)
Its genome sequence revealed an overabundance of the Family 1 of solute binding proteins (F1SBPs), part of ABC transporters and associated with the import of oligosaccharides. (escholarship.org)
It enters the gastrointestinal tract and is absorbed across the brush border of the small intestine into the enterocytes of the apical membrane of the intestinal epithelium, mediated by glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5) or Solute carrier family 2 A5 (SLC2A5). (openveterinaryjournal.com)
Hypoxia was found to induce A498 cell invasion, migration, and the release of inflammatory cytokines, while repressing human solute carrier family 14 member 1 gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Elevated levels of solute carrier family 14 member 1 expression induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species accumulation, diminished the intracellular adenosine triphosphate level, and destroyed both mitochondrial membrane potential integrity and mitochondrial morphology. (biomedcentral.com)

The mechanisms linking lysosomal defect and epithelial dysfunction were unknown, preventing the development of disease-modifying therapies. (uzh.ch)
In addition, recent placental epithelial transcriptome analysis identified several glucose, amino acid, lipid, vitamin, mineral and hormone transporter mechanisms within the placenta. (biomedcentral.com)
Further elucidation of mechanisms of placental morphogenesis and solute transport could provide clues to improving nutrient transport to the pig fetus, potentially increasing litter size and piglet birth weights. (biomedcentral.com)
This finding in turn has motivated studies on the mechanisms and regulation of oxalate transporters and their roles in oxalate homeostasis, urolithiasis, and crystal-induced inflammation in the kidney and other tissues. (yale.edu)

Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC1A1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Mutations in CFTR, the gene encoding the epithelial ion channel that normally transports chloride and bicarbonate, lead to impaired mucus hydration and clearance. (bvsalud.org)
The goal of this research is to systematically evaluate the role of members of the ABCB, ABCC, SLC21 and SLC22 transporter gene families in the accumulation of drugs into human milk. (uky.edu)

Glucose is removed from ASL in proximal airways via facilitative glucose transporters, down a concentration gradient generated by intracellular glucose metabolism. (ersjournals.com)

Depending on the membrane, and the needs of the cellular environment, there may be many types of transporters present with specific binding sites for particular types of substances. (biologyonline.com)

The transporters mediate the simultaneous efflux of a hydrogen ion and the influx of a sodium ion across the plasma membrane, the driving force being the inwardly directed electrochemical Na + gradient. (tocris.com)

The Gini index (coefficient) characterises inequalities of distributions, and is used in a novel way to describe the distribution of the expression of each transporter among the different tissues and cell lines. (biorxiv.org)
In many cases, transporters exhibit extremely high Gini coefficients, even when their supposed substrates might be expected to be available to all tissues, indicating a much higher degree of specialisation than is usually assumed. (biorxiv.org)
Similar trends hold true for the expression profiles of transporters in different cell lines, suggesting that cell lines exhibit largely similar transport behaviour to that of tissues. (biorxiv.org)
By contrast, the Gini coefficients for ABC transporters tend to be larger in cell lines than in tissues, implying that some kind of a selection process has taken place. (biorxiv.org)
GLUT1 is ubiquitously expressed by a variety of epithelial tissues. (bicellscientific.com)

Facilitated diffusion moves solutes from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration until the concentrations become equalized on both sides of the membrane. (biologyonline.com)

There are integral membrane proteins called transporters that mediate movement of molecules that are too polar or too large to move across a membrane by diffusion. (biologyonline.com)

Internal zinc homeostasis is regulated by the cooperative activities of two metal transporter protein families. (frontiersin.org)
AE1 and NBCe1), and (iii) may provide sites for regulation of transporter function via protein kinase A phosphorylation (e.g. (tcdb.org)
glycerol, sorbitol, myo-inositol, etc), which are non-ionic solutes that can be accumulated to high (100s of mM) concentrations without affecting cell structure and/or protein function [4] . (prolekarniky.cz)
By forming a continuous protein pathway across the membrane, these proteins enable specific hydrophilic solutes to cross the membrane without coming into direct contact with the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer. (shadowebike.com)
Solute flux magnitude through a mediated transport system is positively correlated with the number of transporters, the rate of conformational change in the transporter protein, and the overall saturation of transporter binding sites which is dependent on the solute concentration and affinity of the transporter. (biologyonline.com)

Consumed fructose enters enterocytes of the intestinal epithelial apical membrane mediated by glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5). (openveterinaryjournal.com)
In the distal lung, glucose transport via sodium-coupled glucose transporters predominates. (ersjournals.com)
ASL glucose concentrations are the net result of diffusion of glucose from blood and interstitial fluid across the respiratory epithelium into the ASL, and removal of glucose from ASL by epithelial glucose transport processes. (ersjournals.com)
Glucose diffusion is determined by epithelial permeability to glucose, the transepithelial glucose gradient and surface area. (ersjournals.com)

The identification of the mammary epithelial carrier proteins, their genes, and factors that control their regulation are the ultimate, long-term goals of this research program. (uky.edu)
Organic osmolytes accumulation is mediated by metabolic biosynthesis or transport into the cell via specialized organic osmolyte transporter proteins [5] . (prolekarniky.cz)

osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane that separates two compartments of differing solute concentration. (shadowebike.com)

Sodium-hydrogen exchangers (Na + /H + exchangers, NHE) are ATP-independent membrane glycoprotein transporters that are involved in the regulation of intracellular pH, cell volume and the cellular response to hormones and mitogens. (tocris.com)

This results in the cancer going undetected until later stages when the tumor has metastasized through a process that requires the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). (usf.edu)

Epithelial organs consist of multiple tissue structures, such as epithelial sheets, blood vessels and nerves, which are spatially organized to achieve optimal physiological functions. (biologists.com)

In particular, with some exceptions such as olfactory receptors and genes involved in keratin production, transporter genes are significantly more heterogeneously expressed than are most non-transporter genes. (biorxiv.org)

SARS-CoV-2 demonstrates widespread tropism for nasal epithelial cell types. (bvsalud.org)
Intestinal wall is made up of tight-fitting single layer of epithelial cell where drug is transported by active transport or passive transport. (omicsonline.org)
Although the 1-sodium, 2-chloride, 1-potassium co-transporter moves equal amounts of cations and anions into the cell, there is a slight backleak of potas-sium ions into the lumen, creating a positive charge of about +8 millivolts in the tubular lumen. (brainkart.com)
In vitro studies in resistive human lung epithelial cell monolayers grown at an air-liquid interface have supported these in vivo observations. (ersjournals.com)

One such mechanism is likely to be improved development of the folded placental-epithelial/maternal-epithelial bilayer. (biomedcentral.com)

In the rest of this chapter, we will describe the principles of epithelial transport that apply to all parts of the kidney, with particular emphasis on events in the cortex. (mhmedical.com)

However, their relevance for investigations of drug-drug and drug-organic anion (e.g., bile acid, steroid hormone) interactions at the transporter level remains to be established. (cancerindex.org)

However, the subcellular co-localization of the two neurotransmitter transporters remains to be established definitively by high resolution electron microscopy. (wikipedia.org)

Perland and Fredriksson, 2017 ) or the pharmaceutical drug substrates of these transporters, and one clue to this may be to understand their differential tissue distribution. (biorxiv.org)

The neuronal excitatory amino acid transporter EAAC1/EAAT3: does it represent a major actor at the brain excitatory synapse? (wikipedia.org)

The fenestrae and the loose underlying basement membrane offer virtually no resistance to the passive movement of water and small solutes. (mhmedical.com)
Aquaporins are channels, i.e. passive transporters where water always moves down its water potential gradient. (shadowebike.com)

The kinetic properties are representative of the Na+- dependent high-affinity glutamate-aspartate transporters referred to as the X AG - class of amino acid transporters. (biomedcentral.com)

This requires that solutes and water cross the epithelium of the tubules, the endothelium of the vascular walls, and the thin region of interstitial fluid between them. (mhmedical.com)

Intestinal transporters play important role in drug's absorption and in turn its oral bioavailability . (omicsonline.org)

In thethick ascending loop , movement of sodium across the luminal membrane is mediated primarily by a 1-sodium , 2-chloride , 1-potassium co-transporter (Figure 27-9). (brainkart.com)
The thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is the site of action of the powerful " loop " diureticsfurosemide, ethacrynic acid , and bumetanide , all ofwhich inhibit the action of the sodium 2-chloride, potassium co-transporter. (brainkart.com)

When provided prior to infection, recombinant IFNß or IFNλ1 induces an efficient antiviral state that potently restricts SARS-CoV-2 viral replication, preserving epithelial barrier integrity. (bvsalud.org)

Kidney stone disease (nephrolithiasis) is a common problem that can be associated with alterations in urinary solute composition including hypercalciuria. (nature.com)

For example, work with mice lacking anion exchanger Slc26a6, which can function as an oxalate transporter, revealed a phenotype of calcium oxalate kidney stones. (yale.edu)

An important unresolved issue was the identification of the putative prostate high-affinity L-aspartate transporter. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy9

Organisms6

Chemicals and Drugs105

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Phenomena and Processes32

Information Science4

Cells36

Glutamate transporter4

Excitatory amino acid transp2

Renal6

Membranes4

Membrane transporters3

Uptake4

Reabsorption4

Anion transporter1

Family7

Mechanisms4

Gene3

Proximal1

Types of transporters1

Efflux1

Tissues5

Facilitated diffusion1

Mediate1

Protein5

Glucose4

Proteins2

Concentration1

Regulation1

Mesenchymal1

Blood vessels1

Genes1

Cell4

Placental1

Transport1

Organic1

Subcellular1

Substrates1

EAAC11

Passive2

Amino1

Epithelium1

Absorption1

Chloride2

Barrier1

Composition1

Kidney stones1

High1