• Adjuvants are generally used with soluble protein antigens to increase antibody titers and induce a prolonged response with accompanying memory. (wikidoc.org)
  • therefore, antibody preparations containing this preservative agent must not be used in cell cultures nor injected into animals. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Sodium azide may be removed by washing stained cells or plate-bound antibody or dialyzing soluble antibody in sodium azide-free buffer. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Applications Tested: This 61D3 antibody has been pre-titrated and tested by flow cytometric analysis of normal human peripheral blood cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • A test is defined as the amount (µg) of antibody that will stain a cell sample in a final volume of 100 µL. (thermofisher.com)
  • In addition, when injected into mice, soluble TACI inhibits antibody production to both T cellCdependent and Cindependent antigens. (portefeuillessac.com)
  • For JNK kinase assay, cell lysates were 1st immunoprecipitated with anti-JNK monoclonal antibody (BD PharMingen). (portefeuillessac.com)
  • After 24 h, cell lysates were immunoprecipitated with monoclonal antibody against myc epitope. (portefeuillessac.com)
  • The cell lysates were immunoprecipitated with monoclonal anti-JNK antibody. (portefeuillessac.com)
  • Applications Tested: This MR6F3 antibody has been tested by intracellular staining and flow cytometric analysis of mouse resident peritoneal exudate cells using the Intracellular Fixation & Permeabilization Buffer Set (cat. (fishersci.com)
  • The major antibody class found in the blood, IgG, has a remarkable persistence, with a serum half-life of 20-23 days, compared with only hours or a few days for other circulating proteins 5 . (nature.com)
  • Jurkat cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) incubated with the monoclonal antibody Ad22 results in apoptosis within 3 hours. (wikidoc.org)
  • We provide a method to simultaneously screen a library of antibody fragments for binding affinity and cytoplasmic solubility by using the Escherichia coli twin-arginine translocation pathway, which has an inherent quality control mechanism for intracellular protein folding, to display the antibody fragments on the inner membrane. (jove.com)
  • Commonly used methods for the display and screening of recombinant antibody libraries do not incorporate intracellular protein folding quality control, and, thus, the antigen-binding capability and cytoplasmic folding and solubility of antibodies engineered using these methods often must be engineered separately. (jove.com)
  • The present invention relates to an anti-tyrosinase antibody for inhibiting tyrosinase and use thereof, and more particularly, to an anti-tyrosinase antibody including a heavy chain CDR and a light chain CDR of specific sequences, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof. (justia.com)
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an anti-tyrosinase antibody for inhibiting tyrosinase or an antigen-binding fragment thereof. (justia.com)
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a fusion anti-tyrosinase antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof in which a TAT peptide is further bound to the anti-tyrosinase antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof. (justia.com)
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a nucleic acid molecule encoding the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, a recombinant expression vector containing the nucleic acid molecule, and a cell transformed with the recombinant expression vector. (justia.com)
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a composition for detecting a tyrosinase antigen containing the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof as an active ingredient. (justia.com)
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating skin pigmentation disorders or a composition for diagnosing skin pigmentation disorders containing the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof as an active ingredient, or a method for providing information necessary for diagnosing skin pigmentation disorders. (justia.com)
  • In addition, the present invention provides a fusion anti-tyrosinase antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof in which a TAT peptide represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 is further bound to the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof. (justia.com)
  • Murine monoclonal antibodies are produced by injecting a mouse with an antigen, harvesting its spleen to obtain B cells that are producing antibody specific to that antigen, fusing those cells with immortal mouse myeloma cells, growing these hybridoma cells (eg, in cell culture), and harvesting the antibody. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In both cases, the process usually begins as above with production of mouse hybridoma cells that make antibody to the desired antigen. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The resultant DNA is placed in a mammalian cell culture, which then expresses the resultant gene, producing the desired antibody. (msdmanuals.com)
  • E-selectin is expressed on endothelial cells. (biovendor.com)
  • CD206 is a 175-kDa, type 1 integral membrane glycoprotein receptor that is present in macrophages, some dendritic cells, as well as liver and lymphoid endothelial cells. (fishersci.com)
  • NTPDase-1 was originally described as CD39, a B lymphocyte cell surface marker (2), but it is also present on the surface of natural killer cells, T cells, and some endothelial cells (3). (rndsystems.com)
  • Responsible for the proteolytical release of soluble JAM3 from endothelial cells surface. (abcam.com)
  • Loss of CD47 allows sustained proliferation of primary murine endothelial cells and enables these cells to spontaneously reprogram to form multipotent embryoid body-like clusters. (wikidoc.org)
  • Expression of several stem cell markers , including c-Myc , is elevated in CD47-null endothelial cells and a human T cell line lacking CD47. (wikidoc.org)
  • Filaments anchored to connective tissue Endothelial cell Flaplike minivalve Fibroblast in loose connective tissue (b) Lymphatic capillaries are blind-ended tubes in which adjacent endothelial cells overlap each other, forming flaplike minivalves. (slidetodoc.com)
  • cDNA clones for the alpha chain (IL-5 R alpha ) of both the mouse and human high affinity IL-5 receptor complexes have been isolated. (rndsystems.com)
  • Human and mouse IL-5 R alpha are both members of the hematopoietin receptor superfamily characterized by the presence of the WSXWS, and a four cysteine residue motif in the extracellular domain of the transmembrane protein. (rndsystems.com)
  • A recombinant human IL-5 soluble receptor alpha has been shown to bind the human IL-5 dimer in a 1:1 ratio and acts as a human -IL-5 antagonist. (rndsystems.com)
  • CD14 functions as a high-affinity receptor for complexes of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and serum LPS-binding protein and modulates LPS-dependent signal transduction during the immune response to gram-negative pathogens by acting as a co-receptor for TLR 4 and MD-2. (stemcell.com)
  • FAS is a type I transmembrane protein and belongs to the TNF receptor superfamily. (biolegend.com)
  • Mouse monoclonal to CD16.COC16 reacts with human CD16, a 50-65 kDa Fcg receptor IIIa (FcgRIII), expressed on NK cells, monocytes/macrophages and granulocytes. (baxkyardgardener.com)
  • CD16 is a low affinity receptor for IgG which functions in phagocytosis and ADCC, as well as in signal transduction and NK cell activation. (baxkyardgardener.com)
  • The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the protein S SARS-CoV-2 is considered to be one of the appealing targets for developing a vaccine against COVID-19. (pimac.org)
  • Proteins that do not bind the receptor are directed to lysosomal degradation. (nature.com)
  • CD47 is a high affinity receptor for thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a secreted glycoprotein that plays a role in vascular development and angiogenesis, and in this later capacity the TSP1-CD47 interaction inhibits nitric oxide signaling at multiple levels in vascular cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • CD47 interacts with signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), an inhibitory transmembrane receptor present on myeloid cells . (wikidoc.org)
  • Altered receptor-binding specificity of virus clade 2.3.4.4 H5 proteins might have contributed to emergence and spread of H5Nx viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Although a recent study ( 22 ) reported enhanced avidity of H5N6 viruses for human-type receptors, recombinant clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic influenza A virus H5 proteins from virus isolates in North America show a strict avian receptor-binding preference ( 23 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) belongs to the semaphorin family, which binds to receptors such as Pleixn-B1 (transmembrane structure receptor), CD72 (cluster of differentiation antigen 72, mainly expresses on lymphocyte cells), then activates downstream signaling molecules. (jcancer.org)
  • The CD8 antigen, acting as a coreceptor, and the T-cell receptor on the T lymphocyte recognize antigen displayed by an antigen presenting cell (APC) in the context of class I MHC molecules. (wikidoc.org)
  • Mice with C5a receptor-deficient dendritic cells promote induction of Treg and Th17 cells. (medscape.com)
  • CR1 and CR2 have been shown to influence the immune environment in a B-cell receptor-independent manner. (medscape.com)
  • Antibodies engineered for intracellular function must not only have affinity for their target antigen, but must also be soluble and correctly folded in the cytoplasm. (jove.com)
  • Following removal of the outer membrane, the scFvs displayed on the inner membrane are panned against a target antigen immobilized on magnetic beads to isolate scFvs that bind to the target antigen. (jove.com)
  • Although antibodies have much potential for intracellular applications, engineering them for proper folding and solubility in the intracellular environment while maintaining the ability to bind to a target antigen is challenging. (jove.com)
  • Chronic B cell activation may drive proliferation of antigen-selected B cell clones that accumulate genetic lesions and ultimately undergo neoplastic transformation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, it has also been reported that IL-5 can stimulate the proliferation and/or differentiation of basophils and B cells. (rndsystems.com)
  • This molecule inhibits the proliferation of IL-5-dependent cell lines and blocks human umbilical cord blood eosinophil differentiation. (rndsystems.com)
  • B cell proliferation in vitro. (portefeuillessac.com)
  • Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from the existing vasculature, and it is significantly increased during tumor development with the aim to supply nutrients and oxygen that support the high rate proliferation of tumor cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • Its roles include regulation of proliferation, promotion of immune system and activation of apoptosis in B cells. (intechopen.com)
  • In these cells, IL-21 does not promote proliferation but enhances apoptosis and chemotaxis. (intechopen.com)
  • 3 In particular, bcl-2 has emerged as the most important protein in predicting survival in CLL between 11 proteins that are implicated in the control of apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. (haematologica.org)
  • [8] Binding of TSP-1 to CD47 influences several fundamental cellular functions including cell migration and adhesion, cell proliferation or apoptosis, and plays a role in the regulation of angiogenesis and inflammation. (wikidoc.org)
  • The role of CD47 in promoting cell proliferation is heavily dependent on cell type as both activation and loss of CD47 can result in enhanced proliferation. (wikidoc.org)
  • Activation of CD47 with TSP-1 increases proliferation of human U87 and U373 astrocytoma cells but not normal astrocytes . (wikidoc.org)
  • Additionally, CD47 blocking antibodies inhibit proliferation of unstimulated astrocytoma cells but not normal astrocytes. (wikidoc.org)
  • Though the exact mechanism is unclear, it is likely that CD47 promotes proliferation via the PI3K/Akt pathway in cancerous cells but not normal cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • Activation of CD47 with TSP-1 in wild-type cells inhibits proliferation and reduces expression of stem cell transcription factors. (wikidoc.org)
  • The multiple effects of IL-5 are mediated by binding of the cytokine to specific cell surface receptors expressed on target cells. (rndsystems.com)
  • Lselectin is constitutively expressed on neutrophils, P-selectin is found on platelets and is stored in Weibel-Palade bodies from where it is transported to the cell surface upon endothelial activation. (biovendor.com)
  • The cleavage of the protein from the cell surface is one mechanism involved in the deactivation process. (biovendor.com)
  • Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or helper T cells involved in the positive immune responses were easily induced by the antigen on the cell surface, whereas soluble melanoma antigens secreted into the culture medium selectively stimulate and induce antigen-specific suppressor T cells. (go.jp)
  • M2590 can react with the extracted GM3 from normal cells, not with normal cells expressing GM3 on the cell surface. (go.jp)
  • Complexes of LPS and LBP (LPS-Binding Protein) bind with high affinity to monocytes through the surface CD14. (thermofisher.com)
  • The MHC genes are codominantly expressed, which means that each individual expresses these genes from both the alleles on the cell surface. (medscape.com)
  • RANTES activates antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in a mitogen-like manner through cell surface aggregation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We observed large amounts of RANTES aggregated on the cell surface, which led to cell activation, including up-regulation of cell surface markers, and secretion of IFN-gamma and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1beta. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Specific inhibitors of RANTES-induced activation, such as soluble glycosaminoglycans, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta, acted by preventing the binding of RANTES on the cell surface. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It has been demonstrated that only a small fraction of CD206 is present at the cell surface, therefore, intracellular staining is recommended. (fishersci.com)
  • Role of intracellular trafficking of thyroperoxidase and involvement generated at the apical surface of thyroid cells in covalent heme binding. (rusmedserv.com)
  • HA proteins bind to sialoside receptors on the host cell surface. (cdc.gov)
  • NA removes sialic acids from glycans, which enables virus particles to be released from the cell surface after assembly and from decoy receptors (e.g., in mucus). (cdc.gov)
  • The proteins then fold under oxidizing conditions and are displayed on the cell surface or packaged into phage particles to screen for binding affinity 17,18 . (jove.com)
  • The CD8 antigen is a cell surface glycoprotein found on most cytotoxic T lymphocytes that mediates efficient cell-cell interactions within the immune system. (wikidoc.org)
  • Granulocytes and macrophages can be identified by the intense brown labeling of their cell surface membranes (40x magnification). (bdbiosciences.com)
  • In addition to the cDNA clone encoding the full-length transmembrane protein, cDNA clones that arise from alternative splicing and that encode soluble secreted forms of IL-5 R alpha have been isolated from mouse as well as human cells. (rndsystems.com)
  • PSGL-1 has been shown to be a transmembrane protein which forms homodimers via disulfide bridges of two 120 kDa chains. (biovendor.com)
  • CD47 ( C luster of D ifferentiation 47) also known as integrin associated protein (IAP) is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the CD47 gene . (wikidoc.org)
  • CD14 binds lipopolysaccharide molecule in a reaction catalyzed by lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), an acute phase serum protein. (thermofisher.com)
  • The soluble sCD14 can discriminate slight structural differences between lipopolysaccharides and is important for neutralization of serum allochthonous lipopolysaccharides by reconstituted lipoprotein particles. (thermofisher.com)
  • A soluble form of CD206 is generated by cleavage of the full-length protein, and it can be detected in in vitro macrophage cell culture supernatants and in mouse serum. (fishersci.com)
  • Source of all serum proteins is from USDA inspected abattoirs located in the United States. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • PSGL-1 is expressed on cells of myeloid, lymphoid and dendritic lineage. (biovendor.com)
  • It is a single-chain membrane glycoprotein of approximately 200 kd that has 4 allotypic forms on myeloid cells (eg, erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes), lymphoid cells (mostly B cells), follicular dendritic cells, and glomerular podocytes. (medscape.com)
  • This toolkit will allow labs to create single or dual recombinase effector lines easily for any cell population or subpopulation of interest when paired with the appropriate Cre and FLP recombinase mouse lines or viral vectors. (gointerlabs.com)
  • CD206 mediates phagocytic and endocytic uptake of fungal, bacterial, protozoan and viral antigens, and plays an important role in immune defense and immune regulation. (fishersci.com)
  • The nucleocapsid (N) protein of Severe Acute Respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is involved in viral replication, assembly and immune regulation and plays an important role in the viral life cycle. (pimac.org)
  • The balance between activities of HA and NA proteins has a critical role in optimal viral fitness, tropism, and transmission ( 21 ). (cdc.gov)
  • During the early 1990s, breakthroughs in cloning and sequencing of Norwalk virus and Southampton virus ( 15--18 ) led to the development of sensitive molecular assays (e.g., reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]), nucleotide hybridization probes, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) that used baculovirus-expressed viral antigens ( 19--33 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Expression of B cell-stimulatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p40 , IL-13 and TNFα and HIV proteins p17, gp120 and nef were elevated in the Tg mice with lymphoma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fas-activated DCs increase the expression of MHC II, B7 co-stimulatory molecules, and DC-lysosome-associated membrane proteins (DC-LAMP), and secrete proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α. (biolegend.com)
  • This work identifies Drosophila S2 cells as a clinically-relevant platform suited for the production of 'difficult-to-make' proteins from Plasmodium parasites, and identifies a PfRH5 sequence variant that can be used for clinical production of a non-glycosylated, soluble full-length protein vaccine immunogen. (nature.com)
  • whilst another promising immunogen has included conserved regions III-V of the erythrocyte-binding antigen 175 kDa (PfEBA-175) 10 . (nature.com)
  • Antigen-binding and cytoplasmic solubility can be improved with subsequent rounds of mutagenesis and screening to engineer antibodies with high affinity and high cytoplasmic solubility for intracellular applications. (jove.com)
  • The antibodies induced by one protein variant were shown to be qualitatively similar to responses induced by other vaccine platforms. (nature.com)
  • Progress in this arena, however, is being made with a new generation of merozoite antigen targets identified in recent years that exhibit relatively low levels of polymorphism and against which functional neutralizing antibodies can be raised by vaccination. (nature.com)
  • Anti-merozoite vaccine studies have long relied on the standardized in vitro assay of growth inhibition activity (GIA) 12 , whereby purified IgG antibodies are tested against parasites cultured in human red blood cells (RBC) in the absence of other cell types. (nature.com)
  • Polyclonal antibodies are antibodies that are derived from different B- cell lines. (wikidoc.org)
  • By contrast, monoclonal antibodies are derived from a single cell line. (wikidoc.org)
  • By using two syngeneic monoclonal antibodies against the soluble melanoma antigens (M2590 and M562), we found that the melanoma antigen was composed of GM3 (NeuAc) in association of proteins. (go.jp)
  • An equal mix of IgG antibodies produced by SP2/0-Ag14 x Balb/c spleen cells (Suh, P.G., 1988) and propagated as ascites. (fishersci.com)
  • In this study, we obtained 14 high-titer and high-specificity monoclonal antibodies, and the test strips exclusively react with the SARS-CoV-2-N protein and no cross-reactivity with other coronavirus and also recognize the recombinant N protein of Delta (B.1.617.2) variant. (pimac.org)
  • Here, we describe a protocol to screen a recombinant library of single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies for antigen-binding and proper cytoplasmic folding simultaneously. (jove.com)
  • A number of directed evolution approaches have been employed to engineer antibodies with high affinities for target antigens 8-10 . (jove.com)
  • These methods are powerful and effective for identifying antibodies that bind to targets, yet they depend on the secretory pathway to transport proteins that will be displayed 14-16 . (jove.com)
  • All enzymes, antibodies, many hormones, hemoglobin and fibrogin (the body converts fibrogin into non-soluble, fibrin, a blood clotting agent) are globular proteins. (oawhealth.com)
  • Chimeric monoclonal antibodies activate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells more effectively than murine monoclonal antibodies but can still induce production of human anti-chimeric antibodies. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Fully human monoclonal antibodies are produced using transgenic mice that contain human immunoglobulin genes or using phage display (ie, a bacteriophage-based cloning method) of immunoglobulin genes isolated from human B cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • An approximate 10-fold difference in expression levels between monocytes/macrophages and granulocytes makes CD14 a useful marker for distinguishing these cell populations. (stemcell.com)
  • Furthermore, the soluble antigen works as an inhibitor for the blocking of the cytotoxic T cell activity. (go.jp)
  • Inhibition of cytotoxic effect of FASL on Jurkat cells in the presence of recombinant human FAS. (biolegend.com)
  • RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) is released by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and is a potent chemoattractant factor for monocytes and T cells, also known for its ability to suppress HIV infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Titration recommended for optimal concentration with starting range of 0.1-1 µg/1 million cells. (rndsystems.com)
  • These results suggest that the fast glycinergic spIPSCs in AII cells are probably mediated by 1 heteromeric receptors with a contribution from 1 homomeric receptors. (gasyblog.com)
  • Five different subunits (1C4, ) have been cloned, and functional glycine receptors are pentameric receptors, either homomers or heteromers. (gasyblog.com)
  • Indeed, it has been suggested that amacrine cells only express glycine receptors with sluggish kinetic properties (Frech 2001). (gasyblog.com)
  • In this study, we have investigated the functional characteristics of glycine receptors in the narrow-field AII amacrine cell. (gasyblog.com)
  • Effector proteins interacting with the Fc portion of immunoglobulin M (IgM) include complement and complement receptors. (medscape.com)
  • Partial or complete deficiencies of the components of the complement system, including its receptors and regulatory proteins, are now described in humans and may be of a genetic or familial origin or acquired. (medscape.com)
  • Defects in the expression of complement or complement receptors may result in loss of tolerance to self-proteins and the development of immune complex-mediated autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (medscape.com)
  • The density of CR1 receptors on cell surfaces varies with the cell type and with the activation of the cell for neutrophils and monocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Because of their high numbers, red blood cells express an average of 90% of the CR1 receptors despite their having a lower number of antigenic sites per cell. (medscape.com)
  • Among healthy individuals, the number of CR1 receptors on the red blood cells varies widely, yet the phenotypic expression, regulated by 2 codominant alleles, is stable. (medscape.com)
  • By candida two-hybrid screening of a B cell library with TACI intracellular website, we recognized that, like many other TNFR family members, TACI intracellular website interacts with TNFR-associated element (TRAF)2, 5, and 6. (portefeuillessac.com)
  • To identify signaling molecules that TACI uses during B cell activation, the intracellular domain of TACI was used as bait in the candida two-hybrid screening of human being B cell library. (portefeuillessac.com)
  • Interestingly, these TRAF binding PROTAC CRBN Degrader-1 sites are the only well-conserved areas between human being and murine TACI intracellular website sequences (Fig. 1 A). Open in a separate windows Number 5 TACI interacts with TRAF proteins and induces NF-B and JNK activation. (portefeuillessac.com)
  • Thus, HERA is a novel cellular assay that can be used to predict how FcRn-binding proteins are rescued from intracellular degradation. (nature.com)
  • Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase-1) is an integral membrane protein with an extracellular active site. (rndsystems.com)
  • Most complex protein antigens induce multiple B-cell clones during the immune response, thus, the response is polyclonal. (wikidoc.org)
  • Finally, we succeeded in cloning of the genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which contains genes encoding melanoma antigen with species specific determinant (M562). (go.jp)
  • In humans, the MHC is called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system and is located on the short arm of chromosome 6, near the complement genes. (medscape.com)
  • The metastic potential of the majority of cells which bind to Pselectin is however in close correlation with the functional expression of PSGL-1 on these cells. (biovendor.com)
  • In contrast to ancestral clade 2.3.4 H5 proteins, novel clade 2.3.4.4 H5 proteins bind to fucosylated sialosides because of substitutions K222Q and S227R, which are unique for highly pathogenic influenza virus H5 proteins. (cdc.gov)
  • Mast cells - ability to bind with, ingest, and kill a wide range of bacteria. (slidetodoc.com)
  • Opsonized immune complexes (coated by C3b and C4b) bind to CR1, mostly on red blood cells, and are cleared through the liver where they can be transferred to CR3-bearing phagocytes and endocytosed. (medscape.com)
  • However it has proved challenging to identify a heterologous expression platform that can produce a soluble protein-based vaccine in a manner compliant with current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP). (nature.com)
  • The Lactococcus lactis, a Gram-positive bacteria, is an ideal expression host for the overproduction of heterologous proteins in a properly folded and functional form. (bvsalud.org)
  • Murine models for human AIDS-related B cell lymphomas have been lacking. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte-binding protein homolog 5 (PfRH5) has recently emerged as a leading candidate antigen against the blood-stage human malaria parasite. (nature.com)
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I (HIV-1) infection is associated with a high incidence of B-cell lymphomas. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I (HIV-1) infection is associated with an elevated incidence of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and in recent years also with Hodgkin's lymphoma [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They were infected into ED8767 E. coli, and then transfected into the human melanoma cell line P-36 by protoplast fusion with polyethylene glycol. (go.jp)
  • pD2-7 (34.8kb) reproducibly expressed M562 determinants in the p-36 human melanoma cells. (go.jp)
  • Staining of normal human peripheral blood cells with Mouse IgG1 K Isotype Control Super Bright 645 (Product # 64-4714-82) (blue histogram) or Anti-Human CD14 Super Bright 645 (purple histogram). (thermofisher.com)
  • FAS was initially purified and cloned from SKW6.4 cells and a cDNA library of human T cell lymphoma KT-3 cells. (biolegend.com)
  • In addition, FAS/FASL interaction increases the production of chemokines in NK-T cells, and FASL acts as a survival factor for human CD34 + cells and increases their colony formation. (biolegend.com)
  • Human FAS, amino acids (Arg17-Asn173) (Accession# NM_000043), was expressed in 293E cells. (biolegend.com)
  • It is a human NK cell associated antigen. (baxkyardgardener.com)
  • Human thyroid peroxidase: complete protein sequence, chromosome mapping, and identification two alternately spliced mRNAs. (rusmedserv.com)
  • Human thyroid peroxidase (TPO) isoforms, and TPO-2: analysis of protein expression in Graves' tissue. (rusmedserv.com)
  • Characterization of cDNA clones for human myeloperoxidase: predicted amino acid sequence and evidence for multiple mRNA species. (rusmedserv.com)
  • Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding bovine and human lactoperoxidase. (rusmedserv.com)
  • Cloning and sequence analysis of the human salivary peroxidase-encoding cDNA. (rusmedserv.com)
  • Sakamaki K, Tomonaga M, Tsukui K, Nagata S. Molecular cloning and characterization of a chromosomal gene for human eosinophil peroxidase. (rusmedserv.com)
  • Ab-TrSOD, when compared to TrSOD, promoted a decrease in the formation of ROS of 19 and 14% at the concentrations of 1 and 6 μmol/L, respectively, indicating that this joplinks Recombinant Human Regulator of G-protein form was more effective in reducing oxidative stress compared to SOD without the cell penetrating peptide (CPP). (pimac.org)
  • CIGB-247 is a cancer therapeutic vaccine that uses as antigen a variant of human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mixed with the bacterial-derived adjuvant VSSP. (researchsquare.com)
  • developed a therapeutic vaccine that uses as antigen a truncated form of human VEGF (aminoacids 26-104). (researchsquare.com)
  • Interleukin-21 (IL-21) was first identified in 2000 through screening of a cDNA library from CD3+ human T cells [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • Here, we report on a novel human endothelial cell-based recycling assay (HERA) that can be used for such pre-clinical screening. (nature.com)
  • CD47 is ubiquitously expressed in human cells and has been found to be overexpressed in many different tumor cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • Recombinant, truncated Class I soluble Human Leukocyte Antigen (sHLA), naturally folded and glycosylated, loaded with endogenous peptides. (hlaprotein.com)
  • To review the literature on the use and clinical viability of human morphogenetic protein for the jaws reconstruction. (bvsalud.org)
  • The human bone morphogenet ic protein (rhBMP) developed by genetic engineering, was isolated by Urist, in 1965, and it is considered a substance capable of inducing differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts, the cells that are responsible for the synthesis of bone matrix. (bvsalud.org)
  • The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review on the use and clinical viability of human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) for grafting bone in Dentistry. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, we know less about the biological effects of IL-21 and its signaling mechanisms in leukemia cells and monocytes. (intechopen.com)
  • The tumor cells are clonal and characterized by an increased expression of several cellular oncogenes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, the soluble melanoma antigen stimulates the negative immune response in order for tumor cells to escape from immune system. (go.jp)
  • M2590 recognized GM3 carbohydrate moiety with cross-species specificities, while M562 reacts with the protein with species specific melanoma antigenic determinant. (go.jp)
  • Though each species builds proteins unique to itself, life can tailor new ones if challenged by the pressures of existence. (oawhealth.com)
  • This induces the B- lymphocytes to produce IgG immunoglobulins specific for the antigen. (wikidoc.org)
  • This antigen sequence represents the complete Bevacizumab binding site and using RFASE as adjuvant, the vaccine (hVEGF 26-104 /RFASE) induces an immune response with VEGF neutralizing activity and anti-tumor effect [15]. (researchsquare.com)
  • The activation of CD47 induces rapid apoptosis of T cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • Similarly, CD47 ligation rapidly induces apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • This cell plays a crucial role in retinal signal transmission in the rod pathway. (gasyblog.com)
  • The Tat pathway ensures that only soluble, well-folded proteins are transported out of the cytoplasm and displayed on the inner membrane, thereby eliminating poorly folded scFvs prior to interrogation for antigen-binding. (jove.com)
  • The secretory pathway translocates unfolded proteins from the reducing cytoplasm into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen in yeast or into the periplasm in bacteria. (jove.com)
  • deletion of an exon encoding the transmembrane domain results in a soluble FAS molecule that blocks apoptosis. (biolegend.com)
  • Microarray data extracted from treated with BTZ043 (Fig.?1), a TB medication applicant in pre-clinical advancement, resulted in the breakthrough that BTZ043 inhibits an integral enzyme in the formation of cell wall structure arabinans [22]. (baxkyardgardener.com)
  • Recombinant expression of proteins of interest in Escherichia coli is an important tool in the determination of protein structure. (iucr.org)
  • There is extensive literature on the variables leading to insoluble recombinant expression of proteins. (iucr.org)
  • Adaptive Defenses The adaptive defenses recognize and destroy the specific antigen that initiated the response Systemic response not limited to the initial infection site After an initial exposure the immune response is able to recognize the same antigen and mount a faster and stronger defensive attack. (slidetodoc.com)
  • Most adjuvants provide for an injection site, antigen depot which allows for a slow release of antigen into draining lymph nodes. (wikidoc.org)
  • S100 protein is also expressed in the antigen presenting cells such as the Langerhans cells in skin and interdigitating reticulum cells in the paracortex of lymph nodes. (scytek.com)
  • Here we report a phenotypic and molecular characterization of B cell tumors that develop in Tg26 mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone for porcine thyroid peroxidase. (rusmedserv.com)
  • This report shows the characterization of the humoral response elicited after vaccination with 400 µg of antigen combined with 200 µg of VSSP in cancer patients representative of the Cuban real clinical practice setting. (researchsquare.com)
  • The immunological and chemical properties of melanoma antigens have been analysed by using C57BL/6 derived B16 melanoma cells. (go.jp)
  • Thus, this suggests that the tertially structure of GM3 on melanoma cells is different from that of normal cells. (go.jp)
  • 2 Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2) family of antiapoptotic (bcl-2, bcl-xl, bcl-w and mcl-1) and proapoptotic (bax, bak and bok) proteins are critical regulators of apoptosis in CLL. (haematologica.org)
  • CD47 ligation leads to cell death in many normal and tumor cell lines via apoptosis or autophagy . (wikidoc.org)
  • They are a mixture of immunoglobulin molecules secreted against a specific antigen , each recognising a different epitope . (wikidoc.org)
  • CD47 belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily [1] and partners with membrane integrins and also binds the ligands thrombospondin-1 ( TSP-1 ) and signal-regulatory protein alpha ( SIRPα ). (wikidoc.org)
  • Complement - group of 20 plasma proteins that provide a major mechanism for destroying foreign pathogens in the body. (slidetodoc.com)
  • Albumin, globulin and fibrogin are the three major types of plasma proteins. (oawhealth.com)
  • Thyroperoxidase, an auto-antigen with a mosaic structure made of nuclear and mitochondrial gene molecules. (rusmedserv.com)
  • In addition, such molecules, in the concentrations initially used, were not toxic to the cells, opening perspectives for the development of products for antioxidant protection of the skin that may have therapeutic and cosmetic application. (pimac.org)
  • Moreover, the recently proposed anti-bcl-2 molecules, such as ABT-199, have emphasized the potential role of of bcl-2 family proteins in the context of target therapies. (haematologica.org)
  • Overview of the Immune System The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • They are single-chain molecules present on host cellular membranes and belong to the complement control protein family. (medscape.com)
  • These essential amino acids, along with eleven others the body can make from them, are chained together in accordance to genetic guidelines, via RNA formats from DNA blueprints, into structural proteins that give body to life, and into enzymes (globular proteins) that carry out the mechanics of living. (oawhealth.com)
  • Furthermore, because of the antigenic and genetic diversity of 'Norwalk-like viruses'* (NLVs) and the inability to cultivate these viruses in cell lines, developing assays to detect the full spectrum of NLVs associated with outbreaks of gastroenteritis was not possible. (cdc.gov)
  • The preferred route of administration for an injected therapeutic agent is subcutaneous (SC), but SC injections are generally limited to no more than 1-2 mL in volume, representing a major challenge, especially for large protein biologics. (pharmtech.com)
  • The administration of soluble NTPDase-1 may have therapeutic applications for the treatment of some vascular and transplantation-associated diseases (6). (rndsystems.com)
  • The mucin-like glycoprotein PSGL-1 (P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1) has been cloned and sequenced. (biovendor.com)
  • Immune responses to non-protein antigens are generally poorly or enhanced by adjuvants and there is no system memory. (wikidoc.org)
  • Large proteins are typically not suited for oral administration, as such drugs would be degraded in the digestive tract and poorly absorbed. (pharmtech.com)
  • Here we describe the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of the B cell leukemia/lymphoma in the Tg mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Briefly, we produced 7 intersectional mouse lines using a dual recombinase system, one mouse line with a single recombinase system, and three embryonic stems (ES) cell lines that are designed to study the way functional, molecular, and anatomical features relate to each other in building circuits that underlie physiology and behavior. (gointerlabs.com)
  • The 397 amino acid recombinant protein has a predicted molecular mass of approximately 44.7 kD. (biolegend.com)
  • Non-magnetic soluble protein complexes generated by multimerization of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 Fab-Streps with a Strep-Tactin® multimer. (fisherbiotec.com.au)
  • These interactions result in CD47/integrin complexes that affect a range of cell functions including adhesion, spreading and migration. (wikidoc.org)
  • They tend to enhance the effects of complement and are highly important in the binding of opsonized immune complexes on B cells. (medscape.com)
  • Derwahl M, Seto P, Rapoport B. Complete nucleotide sequence of the cDNA for thyroid peroxidase in FRTL5 rat thyroid cells. (rusmedserv.com)
  • Therefore, by synthesizing the N gene sequence of SARS-CoV-2, constructing the pET-28a (+)-N recombinant plasmid, we expressed the N protein in E.coli and obtained 15 mAbs against SARS-CoV-2-N protein by the hybridomas and ascites, then an immunochromatographic test strip method detecting N antigen was established. (pimac.org)
  • and a heavy chain variable region including a heavy chain CDR1 consisting of an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4, a heavy chain CDR2 consisting of an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5, and a heavy chain CDR3 consisting of an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof. (justia.com)
  • Total DNA was isolated from the transfectants, and the B16 genomic DNA clones were rescued by the in vitro packaging with lysogenic bacterial extracts. (go.jp)
  • Thus, eukaryotic in vitro systems, specifically the wheat germ cell-free system, hold significant promise. (iucr.org)
  • Methods: The levels of merozoite opsonic phagocytosis, growth inhibition activities and six P. falciparum antigen-specific IgG of plasma samples from children (n=238, aged 0.5 to 13 years) were measured at baseline prior to the malaria seasons in southern Ghana. (bvsalud.org)
  • The choice of an expression system is essential when developing subunit vaccines, as it ensures the effective synthesis of the correctly folded target protein, and maintains its antigenic and immunogenic properties. (pimac.org)
  • Increased expression of HIV proteins and the B-cell stimulatory factors is consistent with the interpretation that one or more of these factors play a role in lymphoma development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Protein Expression and Refolding, Protein Engineering. (uc.edu)
  • However, lack of expression and insolubility remain significant challenges to the expression and crystallization of these proteins. (iucr.org)
  • These data indicate that this eukaryotic cell-free expression system has a high success rate and that the addition of specific reagents can increase the yield of soluble protein. (iucr.org)
  • Protein aggregation remains a significant problem in E. coli expression systems. (iucr.org)
  • CiErk1/2 also induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase (CiMMP2/9/13) in the oocyte, resulting in collagen degradation in the outer follicular cell layer and liberation of fertile oocytes from the ovary. (elifesciences.org)
  • Due to the ubiquitous expression of CD47, signaling differs according to cell type. (wikidoc.org)
  • In addition, these two binding sites play different roles in the regulation of Sema4D expression in HUVEC and Caco-2 cells. (jcancer.org)
  • Roitsch T, Lehle L. Structural requirement for protein glycosylation. (rusmedserv.com)
  • Proteins are made of amino acid peptide chains in specific sequences. (oawhealth.com)
  • [ 2 ] T cell-derived complement C3a and CD46 activation is required for Th1 induction. (medscape.com)
  • Correspondingly, TACI activation inside a B cell collection results in nuclear element B and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation. (portefeuillessac.com)
  • In order to understand further the mechanism of RANTES-induced activation, the effects of both aggregated and disaggregated RANTES on antigen-specific CD8(+) clones were studied in comparison with the effects of specific antigens and in the presence of specific inhibitors of RANTES-mediated activation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Preferential activation of microsomal diacylglycerol/protein kinase C signaling during glucose treatment (De Novo phospholipid synthesis) of rat adipocytes. (jci.org)
  • The CD47/SIRPα interaction leads to bidirectional signaling, resulting in different cell-to-cell responses including inhibition of phagocytosis , stimulation of cell-cell fusion, and T-cell activation . (wikidoc.org)
  • This work aimed to clone, express, purify and evaluate the protective effect antioxidant of this enzyme on skin cells when fused to transactivator of transcription (TAT) protein transduction domain of HIV-1 and Abalone (Ab) peptides to allow cell penetration. (pimac.org)