• Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) fluxes, aboveground yield, plant N and P uptake and readily plant-available soil N and P contents were measured. (wur.nl)
  • Therefore, in this study, we investigated soil GHG fluxes over 82 weeks during transition from Miscanthus and SRC willow into perennial ryegrass in west Wales, UK. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This study captured soil GHG fluxes at a weekly time step, alongside monthly changes in soil nitrogen and labile carbon and reports the results of regression modelling of suspected drivers. (elsevierpure.com)
  • however, nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes were notably affected, reverted plots produced significantly more N2O than retained controls and Miscanthus produced significantly higher fluxes overall than willow plots. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In this study, the effects of cattle grazing intensity on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes were examined in the Hulunber meadow steppe of north-eastern China. (rothamsted.ac.uk)
  • We observed a significant negative linear relationship between the soil N2O fluxes and grazing intensity for the five-year mean. (rothamsted.ac.uk)
  • Stepwise regressions showed that the N2O flux was primarily explained by SM, plant height, TN, soil pH, and soil ${{{\rm{NH}}}_{4}}^{+}-N.$ Using structural equation modelling, we show that grazing significantly directly influenced the plant community and the soil environment, which then influenced the soil N2O fluxes. (rothamsted.ac.uk)
  • These fluxes and interactions between soil gases and atmospheric air can further be analyzed by distance from the soil surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1999). Uncertainty with respect to current magnitudes of sources and sinks of N 2 O (Prasad, 1997) and its atmospheric lifetime limit an accurate budget: Existing data on fluxes of N 2 O from soils and oceans are insufficient to quantify them in detail. (grida.no)
  • Here we measure net ecosystem exchanges of carbon dioxide, methane and soil nitrous oxide fluxes between October 2016 and May 2022 from Acacia crassicarpa plantation, degraded forest and intact forest within the same peat landscape, representing land-cover-change trajectories in Sumatra, Indonesia. (nature.com)
  • The cattle emit gases such as nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and methane, a particularly potent greenhouse gas, and contribute the majority share of total agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. (org.in)
  • In general, flooded soil condition occurs due to seasonal flooding or agricultural activity. (kenyon.edu)
  • Syakila and Kroeze ( 2010 ) analyzed the global N 2 O budget from 1500 to 2006 and estimated the global agricultural and natural soil emissions in 2000 to be 4.9 and 6-7 Tg N year −1 , respectively. (springeropen.com)
  • However, tillage, chemical fertilizers and other common agricultural practices can drastically reduce the amount of organic carbon in the soil. (alltech.com)
  • Liu, a UF/IFAS associate professor of horticultural sciences, believes he has laid the groundwork to lower nitrous oxide in agricultural soils. (scienceblog.com)
  • Nitrous oxide emission from agricultural soils: experimental approach and simulation. (ugent.be)
  • Thus, changes in agricultural soil management and tropical forestry may alter N 2 O emissions from soils and influence its concentration in the atmosphere. (grida.no)
  • Agricultural activity is the leading cause of emission of nitrous oxide, accounting for 70 percent of global human-derived N2O emissions over the past decade. (yale.edu)
  • 6 Agricultural soils contribute three greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane. (amys.com)
  • But he says it will be essential for other gases, such as nitrous oxide from fertiliser use, to be included in the lead up to formal trading in agricultural emissions. (abc.net.au)
  • For example, agricultural management of soils, digestive processes in ruminants, and storage of farm manure generate methane, nitrous oxide, and CO2 emissions. (umweltbundesamt.de)
  • Being the third most important greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide also substantially contributes to global warming. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nitrous Oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas that is often overshadowed by the focus on Carbon Dioxide (CO2), but increasing concentrations of nitrous oxide over the past two centuries have also contributed significantly to climate change and ozone depletion. (organic-center.org)
  • Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is the third most important greenhouse gas contributing to human-driven climate change. (www.csiro.au)
  • Nitrous oxide is often seen as the third most important greenhouse gas" behind carbon dioxide and methane, says Maavara. (yale.edu)
  • Results: In the low-P soil, none of the fertiliser treatments induced a significant increase in N 2 O emission compared to the control. (wur.nl)
  • The emission of nitrous oxide (N2O), one of the main greenhouse gases , which contributes significantly to global warming , is a major challenge in modern agriculture . (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition to altering δ 15 N-N 2 O, tree species affected net rates of N 2 O emission from soil in laboratory incubations. (nau.edu)
  • The soil N2O emission rate was significantly positively correlated with soil moisture (SM), soil available phosphorus (SAP), soil ${{{\rm{NH}}}_{4}}^{+}-N,$ soil ${{{\rm{NO}}}_{3}}^{-}-N,$ above-ground biomass (AGB), plant ground cover and height and was negatively correlated with total soil nitrogen (TN). (rothamsted.ac.uk)
  • Our findings provide an important reference for better understanding of the mechanisms and identifying the pathways of grazing effects on soil N2O emission rates, and the key drivers plant community and soil environment within the nitrogen cycle that are mostly likely to affect N2O emissions in the Inner Mongolian meadow steppes. (rothamsted.ac.uk)
  • The rate at which nitrous oxide is accumulating in the atmosphere is faster than any of the key emission scenarios developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change . (www.csiro.au)
  • To keep global warming to the Paris Agreement target of below two degrees Celsius we urgently need to reduce nitrous oxide emissions. (www.csiro.au)
  • Read more about our research to monitor, understand and ultimately reduce nitrous oxide emissions. (www.csiro.au)
  • 2008). Intensive agriculture, coupled with an increase in nitrogen (N) fertilizer use, has contributed significantly to the elevation of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs), including carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O)(Haile-Mariam et al. (unl.edu)
  • Overall, this study provides an important reminder that science measuring greenhouse gases should consider both natural and human-induced emissions of nitrous oxide and not focus solely on carbon dioxide emissions. (organic-center.org)
  • Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is one of the long-lived anthropogenic greenhouse gases, which are attracting particular attention in the context of mitigating global warming. (springeropen.com)
  • Soil gases (soil atmosphere) are the gases found in the air space between soil components. (wikipedia.org)
  • The primary soil gases are nitrogen, carbon dioxide and oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gases fill soil pores in the soil structure as water drains or is removed from a soil pore by evaporation or root absorption. (wikipedia.org)
  • The composition of gases present in the soil's pores, referred to commonly as the soil atmosphere or atmosphere of the soil, is similar to that of the Earth's atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite this spatial- and temporal-dependent fluctuation, soil gases typically boast greater concentrations of carbon dioxide and water vapor in comparison to the atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gas molecules in soil are in continuous thermal motion according to the kinetic theory of gases, and there is also collision between molecules - a random walk process. (wikipedia.org)
  • Diffusion of soil air with the atmosphere causes the preferential replacement of soil gases with atmospheric air. (wikipedia.org)
  • Given the importance of both soil gases to soil life, significant fluctuation of carbon dioxide and oxygen can result in changes in rate of decay, while changes in microbial abundance can inversely influence soil gas composition. (wikipedia.org)
  • This results in greater soil respiration and influences the composition of soil gases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Soil gases have been used for multiple scientific studies to explore topics such as microseepage, earthquakes, and gaseous exchange between the soil and the atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
  • Migration of soil gases, specifically radon, can also be examined as earthquake precursors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Whether direct emissions of greenhouse gases from soil are reduced as well, depends on the specific measures of diversification. (researchgate.net)
  • GLO is formed from chemical reactions among precursor gases, principally nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the presence of sunlight. (fraserbasin.bc.ca)
  • Nitrogen oxides are a group of highly reactive gases that includes nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ). (fraserbasin.bc.ca)
  • These same gases are released in much greater quantities if these otherwise waste products are not returned to the soil. (cornucopia.org)
  • Research shows that soils on organic farms capture nutrients and emit these gases more slowly, contributing to climate change mitigation. (cornucopia.org)
  • Here, we provide a platform for multi-analytical interactions between ecologists analyzing the soil microbes at multiple ecological levels and geoscientists measuring the release of greenhouse gases and the physicochemical soil factors including labile fractions from soil organic matter in tropical sugarcane management systems. (intechopen.com)
  • He says any credible scheme would need to include greenhouse gases emitted from animals, fertiliser and tractor use, as well as carbon sequestered by the soil. (abc.net.au)
  • In Sammaltunturi, ICOS measures cover most important greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrous oxide (N2O), which are contributing to the increase in the global temperature of the Earth. (lu.se)
  • It involves for example the amount of sunlight absorbed by vegetation, the evaporation of water from foliage and the soil surface, and the net uptake or release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases due to ecosystem processes like photosynthesis, soil organic matter decomposition, wildfires and human land use. (lu.se)
  • In ongoing development it will also account for biogeochemical feedbacks due to ecosystem exchanges of carbon dioxide, other greenhouse gases such as methane and nitrous oxides, secondary organic aerosols and emissions from wildfires. (lu.se)
  • The objective of this research is to characterize soil N 2 O emissions following one irrigation event at full irrigation or deficit irrigation rates in a continuous corn, no-tillage (till) system under different N fertilization treatments (commercial N, cattle manure). (unl.edu)
  • The study also found that livestock manure and aquaculture are significant contributors of nitrous oxide gas, and that reducing global meat consumption and food waste can be impactful in mitigating N2O emissions. (organic-center.org)
  • Nitrous oxide is released following the application of nitrogen fertilisers and from livestock manure. (www.csiro.au)
  • Ammonia N released from manure during storage and land application combines with sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the air to form very small particles (less than 2.5 ¬m). (thedairysite.com)
  • Here, we focus on how struvite application impacts emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N 2 O), in relation to soil P status. (wur.nl)
  • However, crop residues can also potentially stimulate emis- sions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) from soils. (orgprints.org)
  • But another greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide (N 2 O), can have effects with far greater impact. (yale.edu)
  • As reported in the latest global nitrous oxide budget , nitrous oxide concentrations in the atmosphere reached 331 parts per billion in 2018. (www.csiro.au)
  • Soil NH4+ and NO3- concentrations were determined on spare cores at 1 week interval while soil temperature and moisture were also recorded at hourly interval. (usda.gov)
  • Nitrous oxide can escape to the atmosphere contributing to decreased stratospheric ozone concentrations and greenhouse warming. (thedairysite.com)
  • This study assessed historical changes in emissions of nitrous oxide (N 2 O), a potent greenhouse gas and stratospheric ozone-depleting substance, from the soils of East Asia to the atmosphere. (springeropen.com)
  • Legume cover crops grown as green manures may also contribute for increased emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) after soil incorporation. (usda.gov)
  • Other human-derived sources of nitrous oxide include the chemical industry, waste water and the burning of fossil fuels. (www.csiro.au)
  • Using "bottom-up" and "top-down" approaches, the researchers have provided a global look at N 2 O emissions, accounting for naturally occurring sources of nitrous oxide and attributing anthropogenic sources that had both been omitted in previous inventories. (yale.edu)
  • The use of stable isotopes of N and O in N 2 O has been proposed as a way to better constrain the global budget of atmospheric N 2 O and to better understand the relative contributions of the main microbial processes (nitrification and denitrification) responsible for N 2 O formation in soil. (nau.edu)
  • However, N2O emissions from green manures largely depend on soil moisture at incorporation since soil moisture is the major controlling factor for biomass decomposition, nitrification and denitrification rates. (usda.gov)
  • Do Cover Crops and Historical Fertilizer Rate Affect Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Soybean As Well As Maize? (confex.com)
  • The trees prevent erosion and flooding and help stabilize the soil on steep slopes that may otherwise be unsuitable for crops. (alltech.com)
  • An important amount of vegetable crops are harvested during late autumn and despite decreasing soil temperatures during autumn, high rates of N mineralization and nitrification still occur. (mdpi.com)
  • . 7 To make this happen, organic farms take a more diversified approach to crop management, like combining crops and animals, growing cover crops to enhance soil quality and, of course, using absolutely no chemical fertilizers. (amys.com)
  • When soil gets saturated with water, the ground can produce nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas that depletes the ozone, that layer that protects plants and animals on Earth from harmful ultraviolet light. (scienceblog.com)
  • But nitrogen fertilisers produce nitrous oxide, which is a powerful greenhouse gas. (abc.net.au)
  • Microbial transformations of elements in anaerobic soils play a large role in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and in greenhouse gas emissions. (kenyon.edu)
  • Overall, soil proved to be the major reservoir of nutrients for plant uptake and for the decomposition system that mineralizes and transformes organic matter, ensuring continued supplies of bioavailable nutrients. (springer.com)
  • The woody biomass of trees accumulates only a small fraction of most nutrients taken up from soil (Switzer and Nelson 1972 ). (springer.com)
  • Soil organic carbon and nutrients affected by tree species and poultry litter in a 17-year agroforestry site. (usda.gov)
  • In contrast, organic operations are based on grazing and mixed crop and livestock systems that return nutrients to the soil slowly and mitigate the need for synthetic, petrochemical-based fertilizers. (cornucopia.org)
  • We found that soil water affects both 15 N and 18 O in N 2 O, with wetter soils leading to more depleted N 2 O in both 15 N and 18 O. This is likely caused by a shift in biological processes for 15 N and possible direct exchange of 18 O between H 2 O and N 2 O. (nau.edu)
  • In this third volume, Managing Soils and Terrestrial Systems , the general concepts and processes of the geosphere with its related soil and terrestrial systems are introduced. (routledge.com)
  • Unlike the atmosphere, moreover, soil gas composition is less stagnant due to the various chemical and biological processes taking place in the soil. (wikipedia.org)
  • The soil atmosphere's variable composition and constant motion can be attributed to chemical processes such as diffusion, decomposition, and, in some regions of the world, thawing, among other processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both processes hydrate the soil and increase nutrient availability leading to an increase in microbial activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the following section, we take a closer look at biological processes that occur in soil, forests and other ecosystems that can store CO2, which are sometimes called "carbon sinks. (alltech.com)
  • The risks of sugarcane management on soil microbes and their relationships with soil physicochemical factors and biogeochemical processes have not been described from an integrated perspective for different agronomic practices. (intechopen.com)
  • We compile the benefits and risks of nutrient management and soil amendments as well as of crop residue and harvest management in sugarcane soils on belowground microbial life and biogeochemical processes mediated by soil microbial communities, and we demonstrate that the massive planting of the crop brings environmental risks that include a potential impact on tropical soil ecosystem sustainability. (intechopen.com)
  • Nitrous oxide is emitted into the atmosphere from both natural (about 60%) and anthropogenic sources (approximately 40%), including oceans, soil, biomass burning, fertilizer use, and various industrial processes. (skepticalscience.com)
  • Any struvite application also resulted in lower readily plant-available soil nitrate contents than urea. (wur.nl)
  • Several of the evaluated N2O mitigation measures implied negative side- effects on yield, soil organic carbon storage, nitrate leaching and/or ammonia volatilization. (orgprints.org)
  • Recently, more mechanistic models have been developed and used to evaluate global N 2 O emissions from soils, the largest source to the atmosphere (Tian et al. (springeropen.com)
  • There are several practices that can help pull carbon out of the atmosphere and put it back into the soil, where it can contribute to soil health, crop yields, water storage and other beneficial functions. (alltech.com)
  • Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere contributes to global warming as well as depleting the ozone layer. (www.csiro.au)
  • Nitrous oxide remains in the atmosphere for over 100 years. (www.csiro.au)
  • The main sink for nitrous oxide is solar radiation, which destroys the gas in the upper atmosphere. (www.csiro.au)
  • This is why nitrous oxide levels in the atmosphere are increasing. (www.csiro.au)
  • Nitrous oxide (N 2 O), another major greenhouse gas, has no significant sinks on land and is destroyed by chemical reactions in the upper atmosphere. (grida.no)
  • In addition to being an ozone depleting chemical, nitrous oxide, she explains, can take more than a century to completely break down in the atmosphere and has a climate warming potential nearly 300 times higher than carbon dioxide. (yale.edu)
  • Turfgrass lawns help remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and store it as organic carbon in soil, making them important "carbon sinks. (highcountrygardens.com)
  • It also increases the soil biological activity, as the pores in biochar make a perfect habitat for microbes, acting like coral reefs for soil microbes. (alltech.com)
  • In this sense, this study analyzed the possible effects of different soil managements, crop rotations and sequences, as well as edaphoclimatic factors causing N2O emissions from soils in the Cerrado biome (scrubland). (bvsalud.org)
  • In the 2014-2015 growing season , yield-scaled N2O emissions from NT-MP/SS were lower than from CT-S/M. A multi-factor approach indicated that conventional management with main season soybean or maize and no alternating crop sequence intensifies soil N2O emissions in the Cerrado. (bvsalud.org)
  • S06 Soil & Water Management & Conservation Nitrogen fertilizer has been increasingly used to increase crop yields in the last several decades. (confex.com)
  • Crop residues are of crucial importance to maintain or even increase soil carbon stocks and fertility, and thereby to ad- dress the global challenge of climate change mitigation. (orgprints.org)
  • A better understanding of how to mitigate N2O emissions due to crop residue management while promoting positive effects on soil carbon is needed to reconcile the opposing effects of crop residues on the greenhouse gas balance of agroecosystems. (orgprints.org)
  • However, at the same time vegetable crop residues are a vital link in closing the nutrient and organic matter cycle of soils. (mdpi.com)
  • Minimizing nitrous oxide emissions is imperative to crop producers and those who raise livestock," Liu said. (scienceblog.com)
  • The use of plant diversity, crop rotation, enhanced soil fertility, and a pest prevention program are all required under an Organic Systems Plan for farm certification. (cornucopia.org)
  • Grazing had a long-term effect on the soil N2O flux in the grasslands. (rothamsted.ac.uk)
  • The soil N2O flux was significantly affected each year in all of the treatments. (rothamsted.ac.uk)
  • Over the five years, the temporal coefficient of variation (CVs) of the soil N2O flux generally declined significantly with increasing grazing intensity. (rothamsted.ac.uk)
  • Abstract: Linking Temporal Dynamics of Nitrous Oxide Flux to Soil Biophysical Conditions During Winter and Spring Thaw. (confex.com)
  • In regions of the world where freezing of soils or drought is common, soil thawing and rewetting due to seasonal or meteorological changes influences soil gas flux. (wikipedia.org)
  • Purpose: Although struvite (MgNH 4 PO 4 ·6H 2 O) is mostly considered to be a novel phosphorus (P) fertiliser, it does contain a significant amount of nitrogen (N). Yet, relatively little is known about the soil N dynamics in struvite-amended soils. (wur.nl)
  • Simulations of water and thermal dynamics for soil surface with residue mulch and surface runoff. (usda.gov)
  • Biomass was incorporated at 0-10 cm soil depth of 25 cm soil cores at the rate of 8 Mg dry matter ha-1. (usda.gov)
  • Mineralization of soil organic matter is the major immediate source of N, S, and boron (B) and, in some soils, is also the major source of phosphorus (P). The soil's cation exchange capacity and the weathering of primary and secondary soil minerals are the most important sources for calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and many trace elements such as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). (springer.com)
  • Nitrogen oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide (derived from the sulfur containing amino acids in undigested protein) that escapes to the air creates acid when dissolved in raindrops causing acid rain, which increases the acidity of soil and surface water (Wolfe and Patz, 2002). (thedairysite.com)
  • Soil Science Society of America Journal. (usda.gov)
  • Nitrous oxide's atmospheric concentration reached 333 parts per billion (ppb) in 2020, increasing at a rate of about 1 ppb annually. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many produce CO 2 through respiration,and some fix atmospheric carbon, sequestering it in the soil. (kenyon.edu)
  • Some environmental contaminants below ground produce gas which diffuses through the soil such as from landfill wastes, mining activities, and contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons which produce volatile organic compounds. (wikipedia.org)
  • 3,4 The way we choose to grow our food encourages fairness and a high quality of life for everyone involved, from our farmers to the ecosystem in our soil. (amys.com)
  • Healthy soil means more earthworms, microorganisms and less soil compaction so our friendly helpers can live and thrive in a diverse habitat. (amys.com)
  • Here, the authors show that without support to maintain soil fertility, access to modern seed varieties increases primary forest clearance in DR Congo. (nature.com)
  • I returned to NSTL in 1999 and became Research Leader of the Soil, Water and Air Resources Research Unit of the National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment in 2014. (usda.gov)
  • Emissions from natural sources (such as soils and oceans) have not changed much in recent decades. (www.csiro.au)
  • Nitrous oxide is the largest ozone-depleting substance emitted through human activities such as farming and is expected to remain the largest throughout the 21st century. (scienceblog.com)
  • the evaporation and expansion of liquid nitrous oxide in the intake manifold causes a large drop in intake charge temperature, resulting in a denser charge, further allowing more air/fuel mixture to enter the cylinder. (wikipedia.org)
  • Variation of Soil Microbial Community Structure and Activity along Ecohydrological Gradients. (ugent.be)
  • Intercropping could improve soil quality, the stability of yields and climate resilience. (researchgate.net)
  • My current research focus is on tree windbreak and silvopasture effects on microclimate and soil quality and the potential of agroforestry practices for climate change adaptation. (usda.gov)
  • Cessation of grazing would decrease greenhouse gas emissions, improve soil and water resources, and would enhance/sustain native species biodiversity thus representing an important and cost-effective adaptive approach to climate change. (springer.com)
  • The Climate Institute recently established a Soil Taskforce to investigate all opportunities to make soil carbon storage an economic reality. (abc.net.au)
  • One such scheme is the Chicago Climate Exchange in the US, which according to aspiring trader Tony Lovell of Soil Carbon Australia, has already traded 26 Megatonnes CO2 equivalents, including 11 Megatonnes from soil carbon projects. (abc.net.au)
  • Farmers are going to make more money making their farms resilient to climate change than selling soil carbon," says Grace. (abc.net.au)
  • The availibility and concentration of electron acceptors changes as the soil profile increases in depth. (kenyon.edu)
  • Tillage and Soil Moisture Content Effects On Sensor Based Soil Organic Matter Determination. (confex.com)
  • We also compared the effect of tree species with that of soil moisture, as we expected the latter to be the main factor regulating the proportion of nitrifier- and denitrifier-derived N 2 O and, consequently, isotopic signatures of N 2 O. Tree species significantly affected δ 15 N in nitrous oxide. (nau.edu)
  • More significantly, moreover, variation in soil gas composition due to seasonal, or even daily, temperature and/or moisture change can influence the rate of soil respiration. (wikipedia.org)
  • Topographic wetness index as a proxy for soil moisture in a hillslope catena: flow algorithms and map generalization. (usda.gov)
  • Lathyrus sphaericus) incorporated at two contrasting levels of soil moisture achieved by simulated rainfall. (usda.gov)
  • Thereafter, the emissions declined with declining soil moisture. (usda.gov)
  • In conclusion, the results indicate that both legumes can contribute for large emissions of N2O if soil moisture is not limited. (usda.gov)
  • Flooded soils occur with complete water saturation of soil pores, and generally result in anoxic conditions of the soil environment. (kenyon.edu)
  • The network of pores within the soil aerates, or ventilates, the soil. (wikipedia.org)
  • This aeration network becomes blocked when water enters soil pores. (wikipedia.org)
  • and these effects may be observed within only a few millimeters of the soil surface (Schlesinger, 1997). (kenyon.edu)
  • For soil amendment, due to its high porosity, large surface area and negative charge, biochar acts like little sponges that help retain more water in the soil, which helps reduce runoff and erosion during times of drought. (alltech.com)
  • A growing body of public research indicates higher yields in organic production systems, especially in drought conditions , due to the water-retaining capacity of soil organic matter. (cornucopia.org)
  • Nitrous oxide (dinitrogen oxide or dinitrogen monoxide), commonly known as laughing gas, nitrous, nitro, or nos, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen with the formula N 2O. (wikipedia.org)
  • In an experiment on a research farm in Gainesville, Liu used fertilizer and water to successfully lower the chemical compound in the soil. (scienceblog.com)
  • His research focuses on terrestrial vegetation interaction with the soil column. (lu.se)