• SLC6A19 is a sodium-dependent and chloride-independent neutral amino acid transporter, expressed predominately in the kidneys and intestine. (medscape.com)
  • Cloning and expression of the mouse SLC6A19 gene demonstrated that this transporter has all the properties of the amino acid transport system B 0 AT1. (medscape.com)
  • [ 10 , 11 ] In an animal model of Hartnup disorder, mice lacking SLC6A19 (B 0 AT1) transporter general neutral aminoaciduria were observed, as well as the decreased body weight, demonstrating the essential role of epithelial amino acid uptake in optimal growth and bodyweight regulation. (medscape.com)
  • Mutations in the SLC6A19 gene, which encodes the SLC6A19 (B 0 AT1) neutral amino acid transporter, causes a failure of the transport of neutral (ie, monoaminomonocarboxylic) amino acids in the small intestine and the renal tubules. (medscape.com)
  • Functions as a sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast to other members of the neurotransmitter transporter family, does not appear to be chloride-dependent. (nih.gov)
  • ATB 0+ (SLC6A14) is a transporter for numerous dipolar and cationic amino acids and thus has a much broader substrate specificity than the glycine transporters alongside which it is grouped on the basis of structural similarity [ 10 ]. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • have presented the crystal structure of apo-ApcT, a proton-coupled broad-specificity amino acid transporter, at 2.35 Å resolution. (tcdb.org)
  • The knockdown of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT-1) by siRNA also enhanced GEF-induced cytotoxicity. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The members of the L-type amino acid transporter (LAT) family are Na + -independent transporters that deliver neutral amino acids into cells ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • They proposed that Lys158 is central to proton-coupled transport and that the amine group serves the same functional role as the Na2 ion in LeuT, thus demonstrating common principles among proton- and sodium-coupled transporters. (tcdb.org)
  • SGK3-sensitive transporters contribute to a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as maintaining calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, hydro-salinity balance and acid-base balance, cell proliferation, muscle action potential, cardiac and neural electrophysiological disturbances, bone density, intestinal nutrition absorption, immune function, and multiple substance metabolism. (cqmu.edu.cn)
  • Recent research has shown that GPNA can inhibit multiple other amino acid transporters and that GPNA's inhibition of cell viability is likely due to off-target effects from the activity of the γ-Glutamyltransferase enzyme rather than the disruption of glutamine metabolism [ 12 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The transport of serum amino acids into cells is an active process that is facilitated by plasma membrane-localized amino acid transporters. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Functional modulation of brain sodium channels by protein kinase C phosphorylation. (xenbase.org)
  • This gene encodes a member of the solute carrier family 6 protein family which transports neutral amino acids. (nih.gov)
  • The encoded protein is thought to play a role in neuronal amino acid transport (PMID: 16185194) and may be associated with major depression (PMID: 21521612). (nih.gov)
  • Soybean meal (SBM) is a highly degradable protein in the rumen and has a balance of highly available amino acids ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Lixisenatide is a protein containing 44 amino acids, which is amidated at the C-terminal amino acid (position 44) and has a molecular weight of 4.8585 kDa. (mdtodate.com)
  • The hOAT3 cDNA consisted of 2179 base pairs that encoded a 543-amino-acid residue protein with 12 putative transmembrane domains. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Notwithstanding this questionable role of bone mineral in systemic acid-base equilibrium, not only in CKD but even more in the absence of renal impairment, it is postulated that, in healthy individuals, foods, particularly those containing animal protein, would induce 'latent' acidosis and result, in the long run, in osteoporosis. (cambridge.org)
  • Albumin measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases involving the liver and/or kidneys, and are frequently used to assess nutritional status because plasma levels of albumin are dependent on protein intake. (cdc.gov)
  • Goethe-Universita¨t, DE-60439 tein (I-LBP) and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP). (lu.se)
  • Currents carried by sodium and potassium ions through the membrane of the giant axon of Loligo. (xenbase.org)
  • Additionally, EBN contains essential elements such as calcium (1298 ppm), sodium (650 ppm), magnesium (330 ppm), potassium (110 ppm), phosphorous (40 ppm), zinc, and iron (30 ppm) (Marcone 2005) . (researchgate.net)
  • Cyanide (reported as cyanide, hydrogen cyanide, sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide, or copper (I) cyanide) has been identified in at least 464 of the 1,662 hazardous waste sites that have been proposed for inclusion on the EPA National Priorities List (NPL) (HazDat 2005). (cdc.gov)
  • Kinetic studies of the inhibition of L-alanine uptake also indicated the presence of a second neutral amino acid transport system capable of transporting this amino acid. (docksci.com)
  • Amino acids constitute one of the largest and most diverse groups of compounds commonly concentrated by active transport, and their uptake has been studied in a wide variety of microbial and mammalian systems. (docksci.com)
  • 68) via uptake systems specific for single amino acids or groups of structurally related amino acids. (docksci.com)
  • Uptake assay procedure Amino acid uptake was examined using a modification of the method described by Hatanaka et al. (docksci.com)
  • The env gene maintained an ORF coding for a 538-amino acid polypeptide that has all the characteristic features of env proteins and mediates intercellular fusion in vitro [ 11 - 13 ]. (ecancer.org)
  • This study investigated the multiproduct (fucoidans, ß-glucans, proteins, carotenoids, fatty acids, amino acids and polyphenols) valorization of the invasive macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum within a green biorefinery concept using ultrasound (US), microwave (MW) treatment followed by supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) with co-solvent and enzymatic extraction. (bvsalud.org)
  • A modified xanthoproteic nitric acid test for proteins proved to be a rapid, and simple test to detect adulteration in both whole and finely ground nests, and would be suitable in the field where analytical facilities are not readily available. (researchgate.net)
  • Inhibition studies using other amino acids or their analogues provided information about the specificity of this system. (docksci.com)
  • In a historical perspective, the present review dissects out speculation from experimental facts and emphasises the essential role of the renal tubule in systemic acid-base and Ca homeostasis. (cambridge.org)
  • 1992), A cluster of hydrophobic amino acid residues re. (xenbase.org)
  • A cluster of hydrophobic amino acid residues required for fast Na(+)-channel inactivation. (xenbase.org)
  • Amino acid residues required for fast Na(+)-channel inactivation: charge neutralizations and deletions in the III-IV linker. (xenbase.org)
  • D 92 TG and D 298 SG are the active site aspartic acid motifs and together they compose the catalytic domain of BACE1. (jneurosci.org)
  • Temperature-sensitive mutations in the III-IV cytoplasmic loop region of the skeletal muscle sodium channel gene in paramyotonia congenita. (xenbase.org)
  • As an example, Wood and colleagues (pp. 2695-2710) present the sialic acid gene repressor NanR (PDB-6WFG), where cryo-EM revealed the DNA-binding mode. (silverchair.com)
  • Finally, it seems appropriate to consider the "sodium channel syndrome" (mutations in the gene of the α subunit of the sodium channel, SCN5A gene) as a single clinical entity that may manifest in a wide range of phenotypes, to thus have a better insight on these cardiac syndromes and potential outcomes for their clinical treatment. (bvsalud.org)
  • The preceding report shows that deletions within the intracellular linker between domains III and IV remove inactivation, but mutation of conserved basic and paired acidic amino acids has little effect. (xenbase.org)
  • With a pKa of 12.48, the guanidinium group is positively charged in neutral, acidic, and even most basic environments. (cannabisdatabase.ca)
  • Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids. (cannabisdatabase.ca)
  • By this method, an ultrathin selective layer is formed on a porous support, by reacting classical monomers such as m-phenylene diamine (MPD) dissolved in water in contact with solutions of acid chlorides (e.g., trimesoyl chloride, TMC) in a nonpolar-organic solvent. (nature.com)
  • Hygroscopicity of sub-10 nm organic nanoparticles and their concentration-dependent thermodynamic properties (e.g., water activity) in the highly supersaturated concentration range are, however, scarcely available. (copernicus.org)
  • We use highly bioavailable, organic sodium molybdate as an ultra pure premium ingredient in pharmaceutical quality. (sunday.de)
  • Here we show that substitution of glutamine for three clustered hydrophobic amino acids, Ile-1488, Phe-1489, and Met-1490, completely removes fast inactivation. (xenbase.org)
  • Inactivation of the sodium channel. (xenbase.org)
  • Destruction of sodium conductance inactivation in squid axons perfused with pronase. (xenbase.org)
  • Destruction of the sodium conductance inactivation by a specific protease in perfused nerve fibres from Loligo. (xenbase.org)
  • Structural parts involved in activation and inactivation of the sodium channel. (xenbase.org)
  • Our results show that there is only weak size-dependent hygroscopic growth of both levoglucosan and D-glucose nanoparticles with diameters down to 20 nm. (copernicus.org)
  • In the diameter range smaller than 20 nm (down to 6 nm), we observed strong size-dependent hygroscopic growth for D-glucose nanoparticles. (copernicus.org)
  • Lixisenatide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist that increases glucose-dependent insulin release, decreases glucagon secretion, and slows gastric emptying. (mdtodate.com)
  • Mediates the saturable, pH-sensitive and electrogenic cotransport of proline and sodium ions with a stoichiometry of 1:1. (nih.gov)
  • One of the remarkable components of EBN is sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid), which constitutes a significant proportion of essential sugars in EBN, making up approximately 9% of the total essential sugars. (researchgate.net)
  • Hartnup disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by impaired neutral (ie, monoaminomonocarboxylic) amino acid transport in the apical brush border membrane of the small intestine and the proximal tubule of the kidney. (medscape.com)
  • The studies reported in this paper describe the transport characteristics of certain neutral amino acids in monolayer cultures of the baby hamster kidney cell line BHK21-Cl3.Lalanine, which has been previously shown to be transported via the three major neutral amino acid transport systems in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells (Christensen, '69) was consequently examined in most detail. (docksci.com)
  • The nutritional acid load hypothesis of osteoporosis is reviewed from its historical origin to most recent studies with particular attention to the essential but overlooked role of the kidney in acid-base homeostasis. (cambridge.org)
  • Primary structure and functional expression of the beta 1 subunit of the rat brain sodium channel. (xenbase.org)
  • Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) consist of a wide variety of fatty acids with alkyl branching of methyl group. (bvsalud.org)
  • The characterization of SC-CO2 extracts revealed that pretreatment with US and MW improved the 2-fold yield of carotenoids, total phenolics and fatty acids. (bvsalud.org)
  • Because of their natural characteristics as compared to chemical additives, phytonutrients condensed tannins (CTs) and saponins (SPs) are important ruminant feed additives, in particular for use as a CH 4 mitigation strategy and to improve the rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) profiles ( 12 , 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • I-FABP) and bovine heart fatty acid-binding pro- tissues and in intracellular as well as extracellular tein (H-FABP). (lu.se)
  • I-LBP, ileal lipid-binding to the aqueous solubility of the fatty acid. (lu.se)
  • Considerable progress has been made in the characterisation of the various amino acid transport systems in bacteria and fungi, but the number and specificity of similar transport systems in mammalian cells is less clear. (docksci.com)
  • have been carried out to determine the characteristics of the active transport of neutral amino acids by either isolated mammalian cells or cells in culture. (docksci.com)
  • SGK3 is activated by insulin and growth factors through signaling pathways involving phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK-1), and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2). (cqmu.edu.cn)
  • Alanine and derivatives are compounds containing alanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of alanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. (cannabisdatabase.ca)
  • Insulin glargine differs from human insulin in that the amino acid asparagine at position A21 is replaced by glycine and two arginines are added at the C-terminus of the B-chain. (mdtodate.com)
  • Insulin glargine has low aqueous solubility at neutral pH. (mdtodate.com)
  • The size of the central cavity of CadB and PotE is dependent on the angle of transmembrane helix 6 (TM6) against the periplasm. (tcdb.org)
  • Functional states of the sodium channel (closed, open, and inactivated) and their structure help to understand the cardiac regulation processes. (bvsalud.org)
  • From a physiological and pathophysiological point of view, the conformational states of the sodium channel during heart function constitute a significant aspect for the diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases. (bvsalud.org)
  • OAT1 is a PAH/dicarboxylate exchanger and mediates the high-affinity transport of PAH in a sodium-independent manner. (aspetjournals.org)
  • L-Arginine is an amino acid that has numerous functions in the body. (cannabisdatabase.ca)
  • This review summarizes BACE properties, describes BACE translation dysregulation in AD, and discusses BACE physiological functions in sodium current, synaptic transmission, myelination, and schizophrenia. (jneurosci.org)
  • This amino acid appears to be transported essentially via a relatively low affinity, high capacity, sodium ion dependent transport system. (docksci.com)
  • This amino acid was demonstrated to be preferentially transported into BHK2l -C13 cells via a relatively low affinity, high capacity active transport system of broad specificity. (docksci.com)
  • This hypothesis posits that foods associated with an increased urinary acid excretion are deleterious for the skeleton, leading to osteoporosis and enhanced fragility fracture risk. (cambridge.org)
  • Rapid methods for amino acid determination are desired to reduce running times, and the main factors involved in the rapid separation of these compounds in HPLC are the columns, solvents, and gradient. (bvsalud.org)
  • Heart relaxation also stands out as an active process, dependent on the energetic output and on specific ion and enzymatic actions, with the role of sodium channel being outstanding in the functional process. (bvsalud.org)
  • Since epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including gefitinib (GEF) have been reported to induce the apoptosis of several cancer cell lines, in the present study, we examined whether the cytotoxic effects of GEF are further enhanced under amino acid starvation (AAS) culture conditions. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Together with pH determination, bicarbonate measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of numerous potentially serious disorders associated with acid-base imbalance in the respiratory and metabolic systems. (cdc.gov)
  • Arginine is a basic amino acid as its side chain contains a positively charged guanidinium group, which is highly polar, at the end of a hydrophobic¬†aliphatic¬†hydrocarbon chain. (cannabisdatabase.ca)
  • It is highly concentrated in muscle and is one of the most important amino acids released by muscle, functioning as a major energy source. (cannabisdatabase.ca)
  • Conversely, foods generating neutral or alkaline urine would favour bone growth and Ca balance, prevent bone loss and reduce osteoporotic fracture risk. (cambridge.org)
  • Accordingly, in CKD, bone mineral mobilisation would serve as a buffer system to acid accumulation. (cambridge.org)
  • This study was intended to valorize a floated sludge of a poultry slaughterhouse using it as a precursor to producing char and activated carbon, which were tested as adsorbents in removing ketoprofen and diclofenac sodium from the water. (bvsalud.org)
  • If the residue is exposed to water it is probably HIP (especially if there is a strong H-bond to one of the atoms), otherewise it is probably neutral, unless it interacts with Asp, Glu, or another negatively charged residue. (lu.se)
  • However, molybdenum concentration in plants is strongly dependent on the molybdenum content of the soil, as well as on environmental influences. (sunday.de)
  • D ) The ATPase activity of purified ABCA4 as a function of all- trans retinal or all- trans retinoic acid in the presence or absence of 0.1 mg/mL 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) and 100 µM ATP. (elifesciences.org)
  • Prior to amino acid transport assay cells were harvested during exponential growth, inoculated into 60 mm petri dishes (Gibco-Biocult) a t a density of 5.3 x lo3 cells/cm' and incubated as above for 48 hours. (docksci.com)
  • A neutral amino acid change in segment IIS4 dramatically alters the gating properties of the voltage-dependent sodium channel. (xenbase.org)
  • Each predicted domain is represented by a colored rectangle with corresponding amino acid numbers shown below. (jneurosci.org)
  • The present study refers to a method optimization to rapidly analyze 19 amino acids in RP-HPLC/DAD with pre-column derivatization using o-phthalaldehyde. (bvsalud.org)