Sodium calcium exchanger. Medical search. Frequent questions

The paper, titled " Knockdown siRNA Targeting the Mitochondrial Sodium-Calcium Exchanger-1 Inhibits the Protective Effects of Two Cannabinoids Against Acute Paclitaxel Toxicity ," compares cannabidiol (CBD) and Kannalife's proprietary CBD-like molecule KLS-13019 and its effects on the mitochondrial sodium-calcium exchanger-1. (biospace.com)
CGP 37157 is a benzothiazepine that acts as a selective inhibitor of the mitochondrial sodium-calcium exchanger (IC50 = 0.36 μM in isolated mitochondria). (adooq.com)

Inhibitors may appear to be more effective when the exchanger is operating in net calcium entry mode than in calcium exit mode. (ox.ac.uk)

The sodium-calcium exchanger (often denoted Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, exchange protein, or NCX) is an antiporter membrane protein that removes calcium from cells. (wikipedia.org)
Protein deficiency is an important cause of deranged calcium metabolism. (raypeat.com)
As you can see, the calcium ion is highly represented, and in fact, this messenger is recycled for many different purposes to mediate the actions (for example) of G protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, voltage-operated calcium channels, among others. (hstalks.com)

This fact can be protective because increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration that occur in excitotoxicity may activate the exchanger in the forward direction even in the presence of a lowered extracellular Na+ concentration. (wikipedia.org)
During the resting potential, the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger takes advantage of the large extracellular Na+ concentration gradient to help pump Ca2+ out of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
The sodium/calcium exchangers (NCX) use the extracellular sodium concentration to facilitate the extrusion of calcium out of the cell. (guidetopharmacology.org)
Magnesium and potassium are mainly intracellular ions, sodium and calcium are mainly extracellular ions. (raypeat.com)
Welcome to this lecture on extracellular calcium signaling. (hstalks.com)
However, an interesting corollary of these plasma membrane fluxes is that they can potentially lead to significant alterations in local calcium concentration at the extracellular face of the cell. (hstalks.com)

Alongside the plasma membrane Ca 2+ -ATPase ( PMCA ) and sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase ( SERCA ), as well as the sodium/potassium/calcium exchangers (NKCX, SLC24 family ), NCX allow recovery of intracellular calcium back to basal levels after cellular stimulation. (guidetopharmacology.org)
Expression of Potassium-Dependent Sodium-Calcium Exchanger in the Murine Lens. (wustl.edu)
When cells are excited, stressed, or de-energized, they lose magnesium and potassium, and take up sodium and calcium. (raypeat.com)
We sought to directly monitor cAMP in a microdomain formed around sodium-potassium ATPase (NKA) in healthy and failing cardiomyocytes and to better understand alterations of cAMP compartmentation in heart failure. (dundee.ac.uk)
These bind to a site on the cell membrane, producing reversible inhibition of the sodium (Na + )-potassium (K + )-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) pump. (medscape.com)
This increases intracellular sodium and decreases intracellular potassium. (medscape.com)

The ability for the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger to reverse direction of flow manifests itself during the cardiac action potential. (wikipedia.org)
As a result of this excessive intracellular calcium, enhanced cardiac contractions, which are delayed after depolarizations, occur. (medscape.com)
Functional states of the sodium channel (closed, open, and inactivated) and their structure help to understand the cardiac regulation processes. (bvsalud.org)
Finally, it seems appropriate to consider the "sodium channel syndrome" (mutations in the gene of the α subunit of the sodium channel, SCN5A gene) as a single clinical entity that may manifest in a wide range of phenotypes, to thus have a better insight on these cardiac syndromes and potential outcomes for their clinical treatment. (bvsalud.org)

The role of the Na+/Ca2+ exchangers in Ca2+ dynamics in ventricular myocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
The role of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) as the main pathway for Ca2+ extrusion from ventricular myocytes is well established. (ox.ac.uk)
In myocytes, elevated intracellular sodium concentrations produce increased intracellular calcium concentrations via an Na + -calcium (Ca ++ )-exchanger. (medscape.com)

All of this transport activity is, of course, exceedingly important in shaping the intracellular calcium signal. (hstalks.com)
In response to the increased intracellular calcium, the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases additional calcium intracellularly, resulting in depolarization of the cell. (medscape.com)

6] "Molecular cloning and characterization of two novel truncated isoforms of human Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 3, expressed in fetal brain. (tcdb.org)

When cells are stressed or dying, they take up calcium, which tends to excite the cells at the same time that it inhibits their energy production, intensifying their stress. (raypeat.com)

Vitamins K, E, and A are important in regulating calcium metabolism, and preventing osteoporosis. (raypeat.com)

The exchanger is usually found in the plasma membranes and the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum of excitable cells. (wikipedia.org)

SEA0400 is a novel and selective inhibitor of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger with IC50 of 5-33 nM (inhibiting Na+-dependent Ca2+ uptake in cultured neurons, astrocytes, and microglia). (adooq.com)
ORM-10103 is a specific inhibitor of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), which decreases the NCX current with estimated IC50s of 55 and 67 nM at -80 and at 20 mV, respectively. (adooq.com)
ORM-10962 is a potent, highly selective sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) inhibitor, with IC50 values of 67 and 55 nM for the reverse and forward mode inhibition, respectively. (adooq.com)

This causes the reversal of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger to pump Na+ ions out of the cell and Ca2+ ions into the cell. (wikipedia.org)
However, this reversal of the exchanger lasts only momentarily due to the internal rise in [Ca2+] as a result of the influx of Ca2+ through the L-type calcium channel, and the exchanger returns to its forward direction of flow, pumping Ca2+ out of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
If such agents are necessary, reversal with sugammadex sodium may make postoperative ventilator support less likely to be required. (medscape.com)

The sodium-calcium exchanger is only one of the systems by which the cytoplasmic concentration of calcium ions in the cell is kept low. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, the plasma sodium concentration is typically normal, and hypervolemia is infrequent unless dietary intake of sodium or water is very restricted or excessive. (msdmanuals.com)

1] "The human SLC8A3 gene and the tissue-specific Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 3 isoforms. (tcdb.org)

In fact, the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger is in the Ca2+ efflux position most of the time. (wikipedia.org)
While the exchanger normally works in the Ca2+ efflux position (with the exception of early in the action potential), certain conditions can abnormally switch the exchanger to the reverse (Ca2+ influx, Na+ efflux) position. (wikipedia.org)
When intracellular sodium ion levels rise, for example, following depolarisation, these transporters can operate in the reverse direction to allow calcium influx and sodium efflux, as an electrogenic mechanism. (guidetopharmacology.org)

Another, more ubiquitous transmembrane pump that exports calcium from the cell is the plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA), which has a much higher affinity but a much lower capacity. (wikipedia.org)
Calcium moves across the plasma membrane through pathways such as the plasma membrane calcium ATPase (PMCA), or the sodium calcium exchanger, these are important in expelling calcium from the cell. (hstalks.com)

But there are ways of looking at the organism, focusing on energy metabolism, that dont involve the ad hoc theory of calcium pumps, and that make it easy to keep things in context. (raypeat.com)

Khananshvili D. (2014) Sodium-calcium exchangers (NCX): molecular hallmarks underlying the tissue-specific and systemic functions. (guidetopharmacology.org)

Khananshvili D. (2013) The SLC8 gene family of sodium-calcium exchangers (NCX) - structure, function, and regulation in health and disease. (guidetopharmacology.org)
Lytton J. (2007) Na+/Ca2+ exchangers: three mammalian gene families control Ca2+ transport. (guidetopharmacology.org)

2004) Pharmacology of brain Na+/Ca2+ exchanger: from molecular biology to therapeutic perspectives. (guidetopharmacology.org)

Calcium is the most studied of all regulatory molecules, so it isnt surprising that there is more than one calcium paradox. (raypeat.com)
The paper details the protective action of both molecules against this exchanger, known to increase calcium levels in patients taking the chemotherapy drug paclitaxel. (biospace.com)

The Na + /Ca 2+ exchangers in demyelinating diseases. (nih.gov)

So it's powerful signaling actions can only be controlled by moving the calcium ion about in different locations inside and outside the cell, or by temporarily buffering it. (hstalks.com)
The acetate enhancement of calcium signaling was abolished by memantine. (bvsalud.org)

Here, we investigated the effect of acetate on CeA neurons with the axon projecting to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (CeA-RVLM), as well as quantified cytosolic calcium responses in primary neuronal cultures. (bvsalud.org)

Persons suffering from arthritis, bursitis, scleroderma, hardening of the arteries and any abnormality where calcium deposits or spurs may cause pain are often afraid to eat foods rich in calcium. (raypeat.com)

Thus, the exchanger also likely plays an important role in regaining the cell's normal calcium concentrations after an excitotoxic insult. (wikipedia.org)
Since the PMCA is capable of effectively binding to Ca2+ even when its concentrations are quite low, it is better suited to the task of maintaining the very low concentrations of calcium that are normally within a cell. (wikipedia.org)

Gabellini N. (2004) Transcriptional regulation by cAMP and Ca2+ links the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 3 to memory and sensory pathways. (guidetopharmacology.org)

1973. The determination of trace amounts of barium in calcium carbonate by atomic- absorption spectrophotometry. (cdc.gov)

This effect may prolong calcium transients following bursts of neuronal activity, thus influencing neuronal information processing. (wikipedia.org)

Inflammation leads to excessive uptake of calcium by cells, and is a factor in obesity, depression, and the degenerative diseases. (raypeat.com)

Furthermore, as measured by multiple electrode arrays and calcium imaging, mild depolarization acutely subdues subsequent spontaneous and bicuculline-evoked activity via calcium- and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-dependent mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)

The exchanger does not bind very tightly to Ca2+ (has a low affinity), but it can transport the ions rapidly (has a high capacity), transporting up to five thousand Ca2+ ions per second. (wikipedia.org)
The mitochondria can bind a certain amount of calcium during stress, but accumulating calcium can reach a point at which it inactivates the mitochondria, forcing cells to increase their inefficient glycolytic energy production, producing an excess of lactic acid. (raypeat.com)

Most of the other pathways in this list rely on metabolic reactions for their initiation and termination, calcium differs in an important way from these other pathways in that as an inorganic cation, calcium can be neither created nor destroyed. (hstalks.com)
Calcium can enter through pathways such as store-operated, voltage-operated, or receptor-operated calcium channels. (hstalks.com)

It uses the energy that is stored in the electrochemical gradient of sodium (Na+) by allowing Na+ to flow down its gradient across the plasma membrane in exchange for the countertransport of calcium ions (Ca2+). (wikipedia.org)
Such a primary transporter of calcium ions is present in the plasma membrane of most animal cells. (wikipedia.org)

Magnesium deficiency and calcium deficiency have some similar symptoms (such as cramping), but magnesium is antagonistic to calcium in many systems. (raypeat.com)

It is the basic protective calcium blocker. (raypeat.com)

Such calcium deposits can also occur when vitamin E is undersupplied. (raypeat.com)

The exchanger exists in many different cell types and animal species. (wikipedia.org)
Cell Calcium. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, under conditions favoring reverse operation of the Na + -Ca 2+ exchanger, Zn 2+ application induced a slow increase in [Zn 2+ ] i and outward whole-cell current sensitive to benzamil-amiloride. (jneurosci.org)
In today's talk, I'm going to discuss the emerging idea that these calcium fluctuations outside the cell may serve as signals in their own right. (hstalks.com)
A drug that inhibited calcium entry, while still allowing transport of calcium out of the cell would then seem attractive. (ox.ac.uk)

Giladi M, Shor R, Lisnyansky M, Khananshvili D. (2016) Structure-Functional Basis of Ion Transport in Sodium-Calcium Exchanger (NCX) Proteins. (guidetopharmacology.org)

Heart relaxation also stands out as an active process, dependent on the energetic output and on specific ion and enzymatic actions, with the role of sodium channel being outstanding in the functional process. (bvsalud.org)

From a physiological and pathophysiological point of view, the conformational states of the sodium channel during heart function constitute a significant aspect for the diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy1

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs10

Phenomena and Processes1

Health Care1

Mitochondrial2

Inhibitors1

Protein3

Extracellular6

Potassium6

Cardiac4

Myocytes3

Intracellular calcium2

Characterization1

Inhibits1

Important in regulat1

Endoplasmic reticulum1

Inhibitor3

Reversal3

Concentration2

SLC8A31

Efflux3

ATPase2

Metabolism1

Tissue-specific1

Gene2

Pharmacology1

Molecules2

Demyelinating diseases1

Signaling2

Cytosolic1

Abnormality1

Concentrations2

Regulation1

Barium1

Neuronal1

Uptake1

Depolarization1

Bind2

Pathways2

Plasma membrane2

Symptoms1

Protective1

Occur1

Cell5

Transport1

Role1

Function1