Social transmission of infectious infectious disease outbreaks social distance. Medical search. Frequent questions

During the swine flu outbreak in 2009 in the UK, in an article titled "Closure of schools during an influenza pandemic" published in the Lancet Infectious Diseases, a group of epidemiologists endorsed the closure of schools in order to interrupt the course of the infection, slow further spread and buy time to research and produce a vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
A new study found that mandatory school closures and other social distancing measures reduced influenza transmission rates in Mexico during the 2009 pandemic. (nih.gov)
The onset of this third pandemic wave occurred within 2 to 5 weeks of the beginning of the fall school term and was marked by increased disease incidence among school-age children. (nih.gov)
Very early on it became clear that social distancing was going to become necessary for this pandemic," said Weber, chief medical officer and an infectious diseases doctor. (uchicago.edu)
Digital proxies of human mobility and physical mixing have been used to monitor viral transmissibility and effectiveness of social distancing interventions in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. (nature.com)
With this pandemic, we all have responsibility to our friends and neighbors to use social distancing to interrupt transmission of COVID-19. (itsthesway.com)
Even before the Covid-19 pandemic, vaccine hesitancy had led to decreased immunization coverage in the United States-and in other parts of the world-across several vaccine-preventable diseases, including measles, polio, and diphtheria. (csis.org)
The COVID-19 pandemic has only further emphasized the importance of chronic disease prevention and care - especially because many chronic conditions increase the severity of COVID-19 outcomes. (cdc.gov)
Despite this relationship between chronic disease and COVID-19 and their related disparities, the pandemic has resulted in a decreased use of health services for emergencies and for ongoing preventive and routine health care. (cdc.gov)
The George W. Bush administration had plenty of good reasons to fear a pandemic, suffering through the 9/11 attacks, hurricane Katrina, and a continued HIV-AIDS outbreak. (technewslit.com)
Also recruited to write the pandemic plan was Richard Hatchett, a senior career official at the Health and Human Services department who led development of diagnostics and countermeasures against infectious diseases. (technewslit.com)
The work of this team carried over into the Obama administration, and resulted in a pandemic response plan using statistical models to show the need for taking steps early on the prevent person-to-person transmission before development of vaccines. (technewslit.com)
The unprecedented behavioural responses of societies have been evidently shaping the COVID-19 pandemic, yet it is a significant challenge to accurately monitor the continuously changing social mixing patterns in real-time. (nature.com)
In this paper, we investigate how message construction, style, content, and the textual content of embedded images impacted message retransmission over the course of the first 8 months of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States. (bvsalud.org)
This research takes a new mathematical approach to estimating the herd immunity figure for a population to an infectious disease, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic . (scitechdaily.com)
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak as pandemic on March 11, 2020. (thebusinessresearchcompany.com)
As we took the initial OO app prototype into a full-fledged platform for infectious disease education in 2019 and early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic made us reconsider the applications and impact of the project. (medium.com)
On the one hand, the pandemic highlighted the engaging and effective education on infectious disease, and this reinforced our commitment to fulfilling the educational potential of OO. (medium.com)
During the pandemic, attempts to infer transmission dynamics using epidemiological and genetic data have relied on incomplete records of information. (medium.com)
Among adults, throughout the pandemic studies have consistently shown elevated COVID risk among those with obesity (i.e., body mass index [BMI] more than 30 kg/m2), diabetes, heart disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cancer, and some rare diseases that impact the immune system. (avalonecon.com)
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic with unanticipated consequences to the global community. (medrxiv.org)
Stanley, whose background in infectious diseases made him very comfortable in leading the university through the pandemic, noted while safety has always been the highest priority, so too has been delivering on the university's two main priorities, research and education. (msu.edu)
Pandemic has really stifled the education system, most of the schools and colleges are closed and those that are opened are strictly following social distancing norms. (startups.com)
One likely scenario is the emergence of a novel infectious disease agent, for example an antigenic shift that results in a pandemic influenza strain. (who.int)
to analyse the existence of a difference between the quality of sleep before and during the home distance imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. (bvsalud.org)
Distance from home and isolation measures applied during the COVID-19 pandemic can result in sleep quality problems. (bvsalud.org)
Therefore, we investigated the existence of a difference between the quality of sleep before and during the distance from home imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. (bvsalud.org)
Early in the pandemic (April 3, 2020), the CDC issued a recommendation that the general public, even those without symptoms, should wear face coverings in public settings where social-distancing measures were difficult to maintain to abate the spread of COVID-19. (medscape.com)
An influenza pandemic is by definition the emergence of an influenza virus A, with efficient and sustained human-to-human transmission, globally, in populations with no immunity or with limited immunity. (who.int)

In the absence of pharmaceutical prophylactic options, the primary means of COVID-19 control are social distancing interventions, including school closures, work restrictions, shelter-in-place measures, and travel bans. (cdc.gov)
Efforts to slow the spread of COVID-19 through non-pharmaceutical interventions and preventive measures such as social-distancing and self-isolation have prompted the widespread closure of primary, secondary, and tertiary schooling in over 100 countries. (wikipedia.org)
Social-distancing interventions have also impacted economic productivity in China, and the ability of the Chinese economy to resume without restarting the epidemic is not yet clear. (imperial.ac.uk)
A variety of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were introduced to reduce the transmission by lowering contact intensity at different locations ( 2 ), such as school closure, workplace shutdown, and the closure of bars, churches, and other public facilities, which has been shown to be successful in China ( 3 ), South Korea ( 4 ), and other countries ( 5 ). (medrxiv.org)
The CDC advised that nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are the most important response strategy for delaying viral spread and reducing disease impact. (medscape.com)
Population-wide social distancing plus other interventions (eg, home self-isolation, school and business closures) are strongly advised. (medscape.com)
Nonpharmaceutical interventions, such as social distancing, represent additional key tools for mitigating the impact of outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
Using epidemiological principles to underpin surveillance for research in disaster settings is largely contingent on recognizing opportunities when they occur to col ect actionable information that can be used for developing or evaluating interventions to preserve health and save lives (for example, identifying the first cases of measles or diarrheal disease in a camp). (who.int)

Cities across China implemented stringent social distancing measures in early 2020 to curb coronavirus disease outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
Shortly after the World Health Organization (WHO) reported the outbreak of the novel coronavirus-now known as Covid-19-in January 2020, misinformation about the virus, its causes, and its treatments began to circulate and propagate through social media channels. (csis.org)
As of January 18, 2020, there were eight direct flights a day from Wuhan, China which is the epicenter of the outbreak. (samujana.com)
Flu transmission dropped by 44 percent in February 2020 versus the 10-15-percent drops seen in 2009 and 2017-2018 during previous flu pandemics. (vox.com)
The number of confirmed positive infectious cases [as reported by Ministry of Health, Malaysia (MOH)] were used from January 25, 2020 to March 31, 2020. (bvsalud.org)
The infectious trajectory simulation for 80 days and the extended trajectory for 110 days depicts that the inclining trend has peaked and ended and will decline towards late April 2020. (bvsalud.org)
The simulation indicates the severity of COVID-19 disease in Malaysia, suggesting a peak of infectiousness in mid-March 2020 and a probable decline in late April 2020. (bvsalud.org)
Centre for Disease Control on the 11th of March 2020. (who.int)
For the first time since the outbreak began, in China there have been no new confirmed cases caused by local transmission reported for five consecutive days up to 23 March 2020. (imperial.ac.uk)
In response to the fast-growing epidemic, China imposed strict social distancing in Wuhan on 23 January 2020 followed closely by similar measures in other provinces. (imperial.ac.uk)
On January 30, 2020, the WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a global health emergency. (medscape.com)

Good afternoon, and welcome to a special presentation about Coronavirus Virus Disease 2019, or COVID 19. (cdc.gov)
Data of medical staff members with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were analysed. (medrxiv.org)
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) blindsided the world. (psychiatrictimes.com)
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel virus of the β-coronavirus genus (SARS-CoV-2), has been spreading globally. (nih.gov)
Since the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak appeared in Wuhan, mainland China on December 31, 2019, the geographical spread of the epidemic was swift. (bvsalud.org)
The outbreak began in the Chinese city of Wuhan in December 2019. (imperial.ac.uk)
The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected more than 37 million people worldwide. (medrxiv.org)
formerly called 2019-nCoV), which was first identified amid an outbreak of respiratory illness cases in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. (medscape.com)
Illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 was termed COVID-19 by the WHO, the acronym derived from "coronavirus disease 2019. (medscape.com)

The profusion of information that keeps emerging about the growing COVID-19 outbreak presents challenges for reporters and the scientists they talk to when researching their stories. (scientificamerican.com)

He has tried to infect others with his enthusiasm for quantitative infectious disease epidemiology, nationally and internationally, through his book, research, supervision of more than 30 higher degree candidates and by organising workshops for leading researchers and newcomers to the area. (edu.au)
The Hosts, Pathogens and Global Health PhD programme was established at the University of Edinburgh in 2016, and is led by directors Keith Matthews, Professor of Parasite Biology in the School of Biological Sciences, and Mark Woolhouse, Professor of Infectious Disease Epidemiology in the Usher Institute. (ed.ac.uk)
It provides broad, interdisciplinary training in all aspects of infectious disease research, from immunology to epidemiology, phylogenetics and evolutionary biology. (ed.ac.uk)
This so called homogeneous mixing assumption dominated the early years of mathematical and computational epidemiology and lead to the seminal results on the dynamics of infectious diseases 12 . (nature.com)
According to this new study , led by researchers from the WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control in Hong Kong, most people say they are avoiding crowded places (85 percent in March) and staying home as much as possible (75 percent). (vox.com)
Operation Outbreak started as an experiential learning activity and classroom module on public health and epidemiology for middle and high schools we created back in 2016 with collaborators from the Broad Institute and the Inspire Project. (medium.com)
Through WHO's global outbreak alert and response network or GOARN 13 experts have been deployed to support the government with case management, epidemiology, infection prevention and control, laboratory support and information management. (bvs.br)

A man wearing a face mask crosses a road in Wuhan, the epicentre of the novel coronavirus outbreak. (independent.co.uk)
Following the initial outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, numerous measures were enacted to prevent further spread of the disease to other parts of China. (jmir.org)
The reason why we try to use data outside of Hubei is because, in Wuhan, things happened so quickly in the beginning, we didn't know what the causes of the disease was. (cdc.gov)

We estimated the speed with which these measures contained transmission in cities. (cdc.gov)
A) Estimated daily incidence of COVID-19 cases and the implementation of local social distancing measures. (cdc.gov)
Mandatory school closures and other social distancing measures were associated with a 29% to 37% reduction in influenza transmission rates. (wikipedia.org)
The slew of measures undertaken by the Centre and State governments, including the 21-day lockdown to enforce "social distancing", may not be adequate to shield urban slum dwellers from the disease. (outlookindia.com)
The social distancing measures may not be as effective in this context, since the dynamics of poverty and disease plays out differently for urban slum dwellers, compared to the wealthier sections of the society. (outlookindia.com)
Social distancing measures can be implemented during unusual infectious diseases outbreaks. (nih.gov)
Significantly, the 18-day period of mandatory school closures and other social distancing measures were associated with a 29% to 37% reduction in influenza transmission rates. (nih.gov)
We aim to work with companies in this sector to assess how this sector contributes to minimising the risk of spreading the disease and the benefits of additional measures to protect the workers. (manchester.ac.uk)
Test and trace programmes are a core public health response in epidemics that can be used with other measures such as social distancing, barriers (such as masks) and handwashing to reduce infections. (nao.org.uk)
PhD students Alex Morgan and Áine O'Toole are working on projects that are providing insight into the effectiveness of different social distancing measures, and characterising the different lineages of SARS-CoV-2 present in UK coronavirus patients. (ed.ac.uk)
He is now is now working with others in Epigroup who are currently modelling the impact of different social distancing measures (SDMs) on the transmission dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak. (ed.ac.uk)
the WHO (World Health Organization) warned that if control measures are not implemented in time, then the outbreak of the coronavirus can spread more rapidly [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
If the number of cases is still rising in two weeks, measures beyond the current restrictions on nightlife and longstanding social distancing rules will need to be put in place, said Dr. Sophon Iamsirithaworn, deputy director general of the Department of Disease Control. (medicalxpress.com)
Bangkok Criminal Court on Saturday sentenced the managers of two clubs to which the outbreak was traced to two months in jail for violating emergency measures instituted last year covering health regulations to guard against the virus, said Maj. (medicalxpress.com)
Forth, establishing novel predictive models can help us to not only assess transmission and impacts in communities, but also better implement corresponding emergency response measures. (nih.gov)
There is something challenging to communicate in coronavirus reporting: Nearly 41,000 people have died from Covid-19 in the United States (and many more will die), and those deaths have come despite the unprecedented social distancing measures being taken across the country. (vox.com)
They also tracked influenza infections over the same period and they found a notable downturn compared to prior years when schools were closed but no other social distancing measures were taken. (vox.com)
Our study suggests that measures taken to control the spread of COVID-19 have been effective and have also had a substantial impact on influenza transmission in Hong Kong. (vox.com)
Overall, the study findings indicate that outbreak control measures such as the Movement Control Order (MCO), social distancing and increased hygienic awareness is needed to control the transmission of the outbreak in Malaysia. (bvsalud.org)
However, these critical actions enabled us to make crucial decisions and implement measures that ensured the protection of public safety, the timely intervention for those who were suspected or confirmed with the disease, and the ultimate recovery to those under our hospital care. (who.int)
Fiji has successfully broken the chain of transmission within the community with strong and timely public health measures, and particularly with the early removal of every case and their close contacts into dedicated health facility with monitored isolation. (who.int)
social-distancing measures are not strictly adhered to, the city's health minister has cautioned, pointing to an increase in untraceable local infections over the past week. (scmp.com)
Earlier in the day, Chief Executive Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor pointed to that fluctuation in saying Hong Kong's ongoing series of social-distancing measures would need to be maintained for the time being. (scmp.com)
State infectious disease director Kris Ehresmann said group outbreaks at weddings and barbecues generally result from a lack of compliance with safety measures that often are followed in retail and public places. (startribune.com)
The herd immunity level is defined as the fraction of the population that must become immune for disease spreading to decline and stop when all preventive measures, such as social distancing, are lifted. (scitechdaily.com)
This is an indication that the social distancing measures enacted in China have led to control of COVID-19 in the country. (imperial.ac.uk)
Dr Kylie Ainslie , co-author of the report from the MRC GIDA and J-IDEA at Imperial College London, explained: "Our report shows initial evidence that, after successful containment of COVID-19 with strict social distancing measures, those strict measures may be relaxed, and economic activities resumed without the recurrence of local transmission. (imperial.ac.uk)
Dr Han Fu, report co-author, from MRC GIDA and J-IDEA, explained: "By investigating the relationship between within-city movement and the estimated reproduction number, we observed that the relaxation of strict social distancing measures and resumption of economic activities, so far, has not resulted in frequent local transmission of COVID-19 in China. (imperial.ac.uk)
Professor Neil Ferguson , Director of J-IDEA at Imperial College London and MRC GIDA explained: "This analysis provides some hope for countries currently in various levels of lockdown that once case numbers are brought to low levels, it might be possible to relax social distancing - provided equal measures to limit the risk of the resurgence of transmission are introduced. (imperial.ac.uk)
In contrast, preliminary estimates of the SARS-Cov-2 reproduction number have been considerably higher, ranging from 2.8-5.5 in the absence of quarantine and social distancing measures. (avalonecon.com)
In particular, we evaluate the potential effect of control measures, such as social distancing and antiviral treatment, on the dynamics of a single influenza outbreak. (utep.edu)
5 The Commonwealth government instituted aggressive containment measures to reduce disease transmission according to the national plan. (who.int)
According to the Herat provincial representative, 1000 Afghans return from the Islamic Republic of Iran every day and initial cases were reported among these returnees followed by community transmission across the country due to a lack of virus containment measures at the border (3). (who.int)
Deep social ties, large and extended families, high-density living, and religious and cultural beliefs make it almost impossible to practice social distancing and other preventive measures, which have contributed to the rapid transmission of the virus (3). (who.int)
However, all these measures were relatively ineffective as more than 55% of the population live in poverty, 66% of the population are engaged in informal employment, and in the absence of a social protection system they have to work since they survive on daily wages. (who.int)
Islamic Republic of Iran every day and initial cases were boundaries, frequent cross-border movements, weak reported among these returnees followed by community health system, high malnutrition rate, limited water and transmission across the country due to a lack of virus sanitation facilities, inequality in access to health-care containment measures at the border ( 3 ). (who.int)
This community has been observed to be growing in it almost impossible to practice social distancing and the western province of Herat, which has the second- other preventive measures, which have contributed to highest number of reported cases. (who.int)

In response to school closures, UNESCO recommended the use of distance learning programmes and open educational applications and platforms that schools and teachers can use to reach learners remotely and limit the disruption of education. (wikipedia.org)
If school closures occur late relative to an outbreak, they are less effective and may not have any impact at all. (wikipedia.org)
School closures were shown to reduce morbidity from the Asian flu by 90% during the 1957-58 outbreak, and up to 50% in controlling influenza in the US, 2004-2008. (wikipedia.org)
Using empirical data on absentee rates of elementary school students in Japan, we developed a simple and practical algorithm for determining the optimal timing of school closures for control of influenza outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
Japan has a unique system of monitoring school absenteeism and of instituting school closures during influenza outbreaks. (cdc.gov)

Universities are finding that the precautions taken in classrooms and dining halls - masks, limited capacities, physical distancing, and the like - seem to be working for the most part, but, reflecting the broader U.S. outbreak, it is student gatherings that are fueling outbreaks in residence halls and Greek houses. (gabio.org)
First, social distancing, rational use of face masks and respirators, eye protection, and hand disinfection for medical staff and the general public deserve further attention and promotion. (nih.gov)
In Sherman, Texas, high school students wearing masks participate in a socially-distanced commencement ceremony. (pulitzercenter.org)
We also learned that we can teach safely in person with social distancing and masks, and we've developed protocols to make dorm life safer. (msu.edu)
On the basis of evidence regarding emerging variants of concern (See Virology ), CDC recommended that persons who were fully vaccinated also wear masks in public indoor settings in areas with substantial or high transmission. (medscape.com)
Prevention is by vaccination and infection control precautions (eg, face masks, handwashing, social distancing, isolation of infected individuals). (msdmanuals.com)

recruitment of governmental staff and volunteers to enforce quarantine and social distancing. (cdc.gov)
The group attempts to disinfect contaminated areas, quarantine the sick, and initiate social distancing to reduce chance of infection. (letstalkpublichealth.com)
Remember to isolate, quarantine, and social distance. (astho.org)

Dr Chuang Shuk-kwan, head of the Centre for Health Protection's communicable disease branch, urged customers who visited the restaurant between September 30 and October 3 to see a doctor if they felt unwell, or get a specimen bottle for testing from one of the city's public outpatient clinics if they were worried about exposure. (scmp.com)
This is the latest research from the WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling within the MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis (MRC GIDA) and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics ( J-IDEA ) at Imperial College London. (imperial.ac.uk)

A 1-day delay in implementing social distancing resulted in a containment delay of 2.41 (95% CI 0.97-3.86) days. (cdc.gov)
Using case data from online reports published by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and health commissions ( Appendix Table 4), we estimated the time elapsed between the first reported case in a city and successful containment of the outbreak (χ). (cdc.gov)
His firm leadership and the support of Cabinet and the critical government agencies and statutory bodies, ensured an efficient decision making process and the timely implementation of containment strategies that reduced the risk of spread of the disease in the community. (who.int)

Home-isolation and lockdown are necessary for preventing infectious disease transmission, with many of our basic needs provided by platform companies and delivery workers. (manchester.ac.uk)
Since the coronavirus outbreak began in January it has spread around the globe with Boris Johnson placing the UK on lockdown on 23 March. (independent.co.uk)
As infection levels grew, government introduced a national lockdown as the main way of reducing transmission of COVID-19, suspending comprehensive contact tracing in mid-March. (nao.org.uk)

Professor Martie van Tongeren said: "With surging numbers of total confirmed cases and deaths, the UK has entered the most stringent social distancing period in its history. (manchester.ac.uk)

In category C are many other issues for which the current evidence is exceedingly limited, such as the effect of extreme social distancing on slowing the epidemic. (scientificamerican.com)
We demonstrate the potential of combined online-offline data collections to understand the changing behavioural responses determining the future evolution of the outbreak, and to inform epidemic models with crucial data. (nature.com)
For COVID-19 it is often stated that this is around 60%, a figure derived from the fraction of the population that must be vaccinated (in advance of an epidemic) to prevent a large outbreak. (scitechdaily.com)
Initially, within-city movement and transmission were very strongly correlated in the five provinces most affected by the epidemic and Beijing. (imperial.ac.uk)
The control responses varied across countries with different outcomes in terms of epidemic size and social disruption. (medrxiv.org)
Our goal is to determine how treatment doses should be distributed and how social distancing should be implemented in each age group in order to reduce the final epidemic size. (utep.edu)

However, seniors suffered the highest risk of developing severe disease. (nih.gov)
The people who are most at risk for these severe infections are people who are older and people who have chronic underlying heart, lung, or kidney disease, and those with diabetes. (cdc.gov)
For example, cancer, heart conditions, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease, in addition to being among the top 10 causes of death in the United States, are also established risk factors for severe illness from COVID-19 (4). (cdc.gov)
Like in the outbreaks in Texas and Florida over the summer, younger adults appear to be accounting for a bulk of new infections, which, in a way, is a positive sign, given that they are less likely to have severe cases or die than older adults. (gabio.org)
A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention study released this month showed how rising infections among people ages 20 to 39 preceded an increase in cases among people 60 years and older - a trend that "is likely to result in more hospitalizations, severe illnesses, and death," the researchers wrote. (gabio.org)
COVID‑19 has disproportionately hit older people who are at higher risk of developing severe disease and death due to COVID‑19 because of being frail and having underlying medical conditions. (oecd.org)
3216-3518 (78.7%-86.1%) agreed the disease would have various severe consequences. (jmir.org)
For infectious diseases, such as influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome and measles, proximity and social contact between individuals are major factors for person-to-person transmission. (biomedcentral.com)
Among all the NPIs, social distancing for the entire population and the protection for the elderly in the public facilities is the most effective control measure in reducing severe infections and deceased cases. (medrxiv.org)
Health emergencies such as large communicable disease outbreaks and severe environmental events often require lengthy responses and a sustained work effort across the health sector. (who.int)
have shown to be somewhat effective in preventing transmission and very effective in preventing severe disease and mortality. (msdmanuals.com)
Variants with the potential for increased transmissibility, more severe disease, or reduced response to available treatments and/or vaccines are tracked as Variants of Concern and are commonly referred to by their WHO-designated Greek alphabet label or their Pango lineage number. (msdmanuals.com)
It focuses on severe emerging diseases with potential to generate a public health emergency, and for which no, or insufficient, preventive and curative solutions exist. (who.int)
Most cases present with symptoms such as fever, cough, runny nose, headache, general body weakness and tiredness.2 In addition, diarrhoea which is not a known characteristic of seasonal influenza has been reported among confirmed cases in many countries.3 A substantial proportion of the severe cases in the new influenza A (H1N1) outbreak involve young and healthy adults, unlike in seasonal influenza. (who.int)

This Special Issue will act as a publication media to attract many clinical and epidemiological studies on this outbreak, ensuring a fast turnaround time for high quality studies. (mdpi.com)
This article mainly focuses on published studies on the transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 including contact transmission, droplet transmission, aerosol transmission and fecal-oral transmission, as well as related research approaches, such as epidemiological investigations, environmental sampling in hospitals and laboratories and animal models. (nih.gov)
A social network approach can provide relevant epidemiological data on numbers of contacts and the strength and dynamics of contacts between pairs of individuals in a population [ 13 , 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
On the other hand, we also came to the realization that OO could be the basis for a novel methodology to generate realistic synthetic "grown-truth" outbreak datasets resolved at the individual-level, comprising not only close contacts between individuals in real-life but also simulated viral genetic sequences and detailed epidemiological information. (medium.com)
Building on these results, we aim to implement a comprehensive modeling framework to drive OO simulations consistent with the latest genetic-epidemiological knowledge about COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. (medium.com)
For the last decades, mathematical epidemiological models have been used to understand the dynamics of infectious diseases and guide public health policy. (utep.edu)
Epidemiological studies can help us with this by investigating the distribution and determinants of health or disease. (who.int)
Epidemiological studies may also identify ways to prevent diseases and other health problems at source, to control them or to mitigate their effects. (who.int)

To send a sample to the health department, this involves the health care provider calling and discussing with the state communicable disease branch, getting approval, creation of an NC Patient Under Investigation (PUI) file, and applying the NC PUI number to paperwork submitted with the sample that is sent to the NCSLPH. (itsthesway.com)
MATTHEW HUEI-MING MA Abstract: Objective: Healthcare workers in the emergency department are particularly vulnerable to communicable disease. (ntu.edu.tw)

The insanitary living conditions and overcrowding have previously led to a history of infectious disease epidemics such as the H1N1 swine flu in 2015, or the dengue and chikungunya outbreak in 2015-16. (outlookindia.com)
11] During the H1N1 outbreak in 2009, the estimated reproduction number clustered around 1.5. (avalonecon.com)
Available evidence suggests that the main route of human-to-human transmission of the new influenza A (H1N1) virus is via respiratory droplets. (who.int)

COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease that has created health care challenges worldwide. (jmir.org)
Less demand for animal meat and more sustainable animal husbandry could decrease emerging infectious disease risk and lower greenhouse gas emissions. (harvard.edu)

Luckily, a new study out of Hong Kong indicates that the precautious taken there - similar to those taken in the US, like closed schools, travel restrictions, mask-wearing, and general distancing - have had a measurable effect on the spread of Covid-19 and the flu. (vox.com)
It has held COVID-19 at bay for so long but with rising infections, understandable fatigue with social restrictions, low levels of immunity among the population and a fragile health system it's vital that it receives more vaccines as soon as possible. (bvs.br)

Previous outbreaks of infectious diseases have prompted widespread school closings around the world, with varying levels of effectiveness. (wikipedia.org)
As of today, how widespread is the outbreak in the United States? (cdc.gov)
She noted educators report to their schools from across the city and the region while students also criss-cross the city to get to their schools - many relying on public transit - creating ripe conditions for a widespread outbreak. (bostonglobe.com)
Some countries that had previously avoided widespread transmission are now seeing steep increases in infections. (bvs.br)

For families, what that means is that it's important that we practice social distancing, particularly with our elders, but also with people who have those underlying conditions. (cdc.gov)
Updated government advice also says people should stay at home and practice social distancing]. (independent.co.uk)
As a result of smallpox infection, whole civilizations, including the Incas and the Aztecs, were destroyed in a single generation, and efforts to ward off the disease indelibly affected the practice of religion and medicine. (medscape.com)

They also reveal the importance of school cycles on the transmission dynamics of this disease. (nih.gov)
MIT Associate Professor Lydia Bourouiba's work at The Fluid Dynamics of Disease Transmission Laboratory showed infectious particles could travel up to 27 feet. (valleyfeversurvivor.com)
Understanding transmission dynamics is essential for control of emerging infectious diseases, yet it is difficult to observe the complete transmission process due to individual heterogeneity and inadequate sampling methods. (medium.com)
Finally, we include age structure in the model and analyze disease dynamics in different age classes. (utep.edu)

500 million persons across 80 cities, many of which rapidly enacted multiple social distancing orders to slow the local spread of the virus, including restricting nonessential services and public transit ( 3 - 6 ). (cdc.gov)
Social distancing and frequent disinfection of touch-point surfaces are of crucial importance in limiting and preventing the spread of infectious diseases. (abellpestcontrol.com)
The first line of defense in preventing the spread and maintaining the health and safety of your staff and public is the implementation of strict disease-prevention protocols that must be followed. (abellpestcontrol.com)
Through early identification, potentially infectious contacts can be encouraged or obliged to reduce interactions with other people, thereby reducing the spread of disease. (nao.org.uk)
They expect transmission to pick up as temperatures drop and the winter arrives, both because of behavioral changes (people spending more time indoors and having contact with more people) and because they anticipate that the virus will spread even more efficiently in cold, dry weather. (gabio.org)
Deborah Birx, the physician coordinating the White House's coronavirus efforts, has cited social and family gatherings where people let their guards down as burgeoning sites of spread. (gabio.org)
The geography of the outbreak is also different, with many new cases occurring outside dense cities that inculcated spread in the spring. (gabio.org)
The literature on disasters and public health emergencies describes pervasive emotional distress, feelings of extreme vulnerability, uncertainty, and threats to life, particularly during the rapid spread of an outbreak. (psychiatrictimes.com)
Determining multiple transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 is critical to improving safety practices for the public and stemming the spread of SARS-CoV-2 effectively. (nih.gov)
Second, aerodynamic characteristics, such as size distribution, release regularity, aerosol diffusion, survival and decline, infectious dose and spread distance, still require further investigation in order to identify the transmissibility of COVID-19. (nih.gov)
Due to the highly contagious nature of the disease, the COVID-19 outbreak spread worldwide in less than three months. (jmir.org)
Many countries are closing restaurants, bars, and gyms, and begging residents to steer clear of social gatherings in bids to contain spread and keep schools open. (pulitzercenter.org)
She believed WHO and CDC guidelines needed to be changed in light of her laboratory findings since current guidelines focus on the largest droplets, while the better metaphor for what happens with viral spread would be a fast-moving gaseous cloud of infectious material, and that even the large droplets could travel within such a cloud. (valleyfeversurvivor.com)
Shortly after Bourouiba's work was published recent CDC guidance noted the risk of COVID-19 at 13 feet of spread , which is still more than twice current social distancing recommendations. (valleyfeversurvivor.com)
How likely are we to see infectious disease spread as a result of climate change? (harvard.edu)
When a large percentage of the population becomes immune to a disease, the spread of that disease slows down or stops and the chain of transmission is broken. (scitechdaily.com)
Our long-term goal is to continue developing OO into a highly realistic live outbreak simulator to conduct participatory experiments where virtual microbes are spread among individuals using proximity sensing technology available on mobile devices (currently Bluetooth Low Energy or BLE, but eventually more accurate technologies. (medium.com)
A voluntary network of laboratories that submit test data to the CDC will provide valuable information as another early indicator of spread, along with other respiratory diseases (eg, influenza, RSV). (medscape.com)
International traders spread smallpox throughout the Old World during the 4th-15th centuries CE, while European explorers and conquerors brought the disease to the Western Hemisphere in the early 16th century. (medscape.com)
Ruian Ke] The types of modeling we use is to use differential equations to describe how infectious disease would spread among a population over time. (cdc.gov)

7 found that 2 years after the SARS outbreak, health care workers who treated these patients had elevated rates of smoking and drinking, absenteeism due to stress or illness, decreased face-to-face contact with patients, and decreased work hours.Yet rates of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and other mental illness were not elevated. (psychiatrictimes.com)
And this disease is found to be more deadly than the coronavirus Sars. (hindawi.com)
Third, background monitoring of the distribution of pathogenic microorganisms and environmental disinfection in crowded public places, such as railway stations, schools, hospitals and other densely populated areas, can give early warning of outbreaks and curb the transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 in those high-risk areas. (nih.gov)
We had a head start with SARS, which led to an outbreak in 2002. (msu.edu)
After that outbreak, an extensive amount of work was done on SARS. (msu.edu)
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a spectrum of severity of disease, from asymptomatic to acute respiratory failure and death. (msdmanuals.com)
Ruian Ke] SARS coronavirus 2 is the virus that causes coronavirus disease, which is short by COVID-19. (cdc.gov)

We introduce a discrete time model in order to study optimal control strategies for influenza transmission. (utep.edu)

A similar analysis for Hong Kong shows that intermediate levels of local activity can be maintained while avoiding a large outbreak. (imperial.ac.uk)

Smallpox is an acute, contagious disease caused by the variola virus, a member of the genus Orthopoxvirus , in the Poxviridae family (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Each of these has consequences for public health, including increased mortality, deteriorating mental health, outbreaks of infectious diseases and acute malnutrition. (who.int)

We evaluated the optimal influenza-related absentee rate for predicting outbreaks of influenza. (cdc.gov)

Herd immunity happens when so many people in a community become immune to an infectious disease that it stops the disease from spreading. (scitechdaily.com)
This happens by people contracting the disease and building up natural immunity and by people receiving a vaccine. (scitechdaily.com)
However, that is not the case if immunity arises as a result of disease spreading in a population consisting of people with many different behaviors. (scitechdaily.com)
Consequently, the herd immunity level is lower when immunity is caused by disease spreading than when immunity comes from vaccination. (scitechdaily.com)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
He has enjoyed a long-term addiction to using statistical analyses to understand transmission of infection and its control. (edu.au)
The NC State Laboratory of Public Health (NCSLPH) is using the test kit developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (itsthesway.com)
The extent to which control of chronic disease might mitigate a person's COVID-19 risk is currently unknown, but we do know that appropriate management of chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and cancer saves lives. (cdc.gov)
vaccinations (for both children and adults) are essential services that should be given on time, and in-person nonurgent care (such as screenings) should be considered when risk of infection is low, based on local COVID-19 transmission rates, and when appropriate Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-recommended mitigation strategies are in place. (cdc.gov)
In this case, such assistance includes Centers for Disease Control information and updates, access to food and cleaning supplies, access to COVID-19 testing, protective equipment, financial assistance, and links to community resources. (psychiatrictimes.com)
Thus, prompt diagnosis and seizure control (i.e., seizure-free in the 12 months preceding the survey) confers numerous clinical and social advantages to persons with active epilepsy. (cdc.gov)
Health care and public health should ensure that adults with uncontrolled seizures have appropriate care and self-management support in order to promote seizure control, improve health and social outcomes, and reduce health care costs. (cdc.gov)
METHODS: Coroner or medical examiner and law enforcement narratives of adult suicides were coded from 17 participating states in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Violent Death Reporting System during 2004 to 2013. (cdc.gov)
The Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, however, has not issued any guidelines on routine testing, while the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention doesn't recommend universal testing for asymptomatic school employees and students. (bostonglobe.com)
For current information on the number of cases and fatalities, see the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): COVID Data Tracker and the WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard . (msdmanuals.com)
Courtesy of US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (medscape.com)
Announcer] This program is presented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)

In late January, reported COVID-19 cases rose steeply in Hubei Province, and imported cases sparked outbreaks in many other cities throughout China. (cdc.gov)
Since December, when a mysterious disease began circulating through China's Hubei province, doctors around the world have received a crash course in preventing and treating the new virus. (uchicago.edu)

We have many reasons to take climate action to improve our health and reducing risks for infectious disease emergence is one of them. (harvard.edu)

However, the effectiveness of these NPIs remains unclear, promoting a critical need to evaluate them and to derive more effective NPIs with the consideration of social disruption. (medrxiv.org)

Our group of friends arrives during the early stages of an outbreak. (letstalkpublichealth.com)
Most OECD countries banned visitors to LTC facilities and reduced group activities especially during the early months of the outbreak. (oecd.org)
Relaxing social distancing in China shows initial success, suggests early analysis. (imperial.ac.uk)
At the peak of the outbreak in China (early February), there were between 2,000 and 4,000 new confirmed cases per day. (imperial.ac.uk)
In the early days of the COVID-19, concerns were that transmission rates for the emerging virus were considerably higher than viruses of the past, perhaps in part to its primarily airborne transmission. (avalonecon.com)
A regional New South Wales (NSW) health service conducted a four-day field exercise to simulate the range, complexity and work intensity during the early response to a large disease outbreak. (who.int)
The most challenging part is the limited amount of data during early outbreaks and the answers to data corrections. (cdc.gov)

The readiness of Afghanistan's healthcare system to respond rapidly and effectively to the outbreak of COVID-19 remains limited. (who.int)

COVID-19 may also contribute to social isolation and mental health challenges such as anxiety and depression (6). (cdc.gov)

15 to estimate the instantaneous effective reproduction number ( R t ), which was defined as the mean number of secondary infections generated by a typically infectious case at time t . (nature.com)
At the start of the COVID-19 outbreak, Public Health England carried out comprehensive test and trace activities for the relatively low numbers of infections. (nao.org.uk)
Hospitals and research centres across the UK can input their data and check if there are outbreaks in hospitals or if the infections are separate introductions of the virus. (ed.ac.uk)
Our Wellcome Trust HPGH programme was established to train exactly the sort of infectious disease researchers needed to tackle the unexpected challenges of emerging infections such as COVID19. (ed.ac.uk)
Mathematical models are quite helpful in investigating the behavior of viruses, diseases, or infections and help out to conclude under what circumstances the outbreaking virus can be eradicated or continued in citizens and are often useful in estimating the duration of an outbreak. (hindawi.com)
In addition, enhancing LTC response to emergencies requires co‑ordination channels between public health authorities and the social sector, but also adequate follow-up mechanisms on the strategies undertaken with standardised data on infections and characteristics of facilities and residents. (oecd.org)
This study found that worse air quality in China may increase transmission of infections that cause influenza-like illnesses. (harvard.edu)
As the United States experienced surges of COVID-19 infections, the CDC intensified its recommendations for transmission mitigation. (medscape.com)

They used influenza surveillance data covering 40% of the population that was compiled by a large private health system, the Mexican Institute for Social Security. (nih.gov)
This second round of projects receive £14.1 million as part of the £24.6 million rapid research response funded by UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), and by the Department of Health and Social Care through the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). (manchester.ac.uk)
The medical center took action before the US outbreak to reduce disease transmission among health care workers: changing the layout of work areas, eliminating large in-person team meetings, limiting the number of providers in patient rooms, shifting to televisits when possible. (uchicago.edu)
Mental health services for infectious disease outbreaks. (cambridge.org)
While keeping track of the outbreak, we've become aware of how hard this vigilance is for even the most energetic and well-motivated scientists and journalists, given the firehose of available information from both traditional sources (public health authorities, journals) and new ones (preprints, blogs). (scientificamerican.com)
Influenza vaccination is needed to reduce respiratory disease burden on an already taxed health care system. (cdc.gov)
From April onwards, the Department of Health & Social Care significantly scaled up testing capacity in England. (nao.org.uk)
We are exploring ways that the timing and magnitude of these SDM strategies translates into reductions in the burden of disease, in the overall population, in at-risk groups and to prevent health systems from being overwhelmed. (ed.ac.uk)
What we're seeing with each passing week is that social gatherings are the risk, not simply living in these settings," said Preeti Malani, an infectious disease physician and chief health officer at the University of Michigan. (gabio.org)
The Premonition also highlights risk, but in this case the risk of infectious disease to public health, with Covid-19 representing the greatest such risk in a century. (technewslit.com)
There are definitely some teachable moments in this movie related to infectious disease transmission, outbreak response, and environmental health. (letstalkpublichealth.com)
More efforts to support the physical and mental health of staff is also required, with three‑quarters of countries recognising COVID‑19 as an occupational disease. (oecd.org)
The outbreak has become a political issue because of charges that senior members of government may have patronized the clubs and flouted health regulations. (medicalxpress.com)
The outbreak of COVID-19 represents a public health emergency of international concern. (jmir.org)
They are the experts in global public health, infectious disease and emergency preparedness. (samujana.com)
The rise of seriously ill COVID-19 patients is a reminder of the primary role that public health departments play in responding to any outbreak: preventing community-wide transmission of disease. (astho.org)
COVID-19 budget that provided additional funding to the health ministry, the amendment to the Fiji Public Health ct, and the declaration of a State of Natural Disaster for the COVID-19 disease. (who.int)
Sometimes people ask how it is possible that so many doctors and health care professionals do not understand Valley Fever, or how so much outdated information is common in the study of this disease. (valleyfeversurvivor.com)
State Health Commissioner Jan Malcolm said there are signs of COVID-19 growth statewide - and that Minnesota has overlooked the risk of viral transmission in family and friend gatherings compared with supermarkets and stores where mask-wearing and social distancing have become the norm. (startribune.com)
In the first months of the coronavirus outbreak, most public health leaders advised closing gyms, erring on the side of caution. (wvxu.org)
The OO learning activity consists of an outbreak simulation where students try to stop the outbreak by playing roles as general population, health responders, epidemiologists, and government. (medium.com)
Other projects, like modeling work by several School of Public Health faculty, are helping policymakers in Michigan and India make informed decisions on policies regarding social distancing, resource management and economic impact and recovery. (michiganmedicine.org)
Emergencies resulting from disease outbreaks and extreme environmental events present significant challenges for health services. (who.int)
The transmission of the virus in the context of Afghanistan should have been consistently high given the country's unique vulnerabilities, including porous boundaries, frequent cross-border movements, weak health system, high malnutrition rate, limited water and sanitation facilities, inequality in access to health-care services, gender-based violence, limited movement of women and high numbers of people with special needs (4). (who.int)
Deep social ties, large and extended families, high- mistrust of key health messages around COVID-19. (who.int)
A separate process for dealing with a new disease or pathogen, or one that is presenting in a new manner and likely to cause a public health emergency (Part 2). (who.int)

The transmission rate, ß also been utilized to predict the cumulative number of infectious individuals. (bvsalud.org)

The feasibility and implications of suppression and mitigation strategies was rigorously analyzed and was encouraged or enforced by many governments to slow or halt viral transmission. (medscape.com)
These policies were required for periods to avoid rebound viral transmission. (medscape.com)

Q: What happens if the outbreak spreads to Moore County? (itsthesway.com)
One of them comes across the now infected and contagious farmer, and the disease quickly spreads. (letstalkpublichealth.com)

Mathematical models have shown that transmission may be delayed by closing schools. (wikipedia.org)
One of the methods of analyzing the behavior of diseases is compartmental modelling that is applicable to the mathematical models involving influential diseases. (hindawi.com)

To respond to the outbreak in a timely manner, it is vital that research responses to the outbreak focusing on abovementioned subjects are published in the public domain in a timely manner. (mdpi.com)
The Thai government makes clear public communications about how to avoid COVID-19 transmission. (samujana.com)
Thai people also maintain social distancing when using public transportation. (samujana.com)

The transmission of the virus in the context of 2410 deaths in Afghanistan ( 2 ). (who.int)

Vaccinations for preventing outbreaks of other infectious diseases (eg, measles, pertussis) are particularly important this year because childhood vaccination rates have decreased. (cdc.gov)
Until now, almost 13 vaccinations against this disease exist and scientists are still devoting their attentions to produce a strong vaccination against this virus. (hindawi.com)

This study aims to simulate the infectious trend and trajectory of COVID-19 to understand the severity of the disease and determine the approximate number of days required for the trend to decline. (bvsalud.org)
Therefore, the coronavirus outbreak has caused a rapid decline in overall oncology in-person services, subsequently impacting the community oncology services market. (thebusinessresearchcompany.com)
There is large-scale community transmission in the capital, Port Moresby, and the Western province and all 22 provinces have now reported cases although in the last two weeks we have seen some decline. (bvs.br)

with more virus circulating, it's more likely that some cases will spark new chains of transmission or that superspreading events will occur. (gabio.org)

Diseases4

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Psychiatry and Psychology12

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science1

Health Care6

Pandemic29

Interventions8

202011

20199

Growing COVID-19 outbreak1

Epidemiology7

Wuhan3

Measures37

School closures5

Masks6

Quarantine3

Centre2

Containment3

Lockdown3

Stringent social1

Epidemic6

Severe14

Epidemiological8

Communicable2

H1N13

Emerging Infecti2

Restrictions2

Widespread4

Practice3

Dynamics4

Spread20

SARS7

Influenza transmission1

Large outbreak1

Acute2

Optimal1

Immunity4

Control13

Hubei Province2

Emergence1

Effectiveness1

Early7

Rapidly1

Isolation1

Infections8

Health26

Utilized to predict1

Viral2

Spreads2

Mathematical2

Public3

Deaths1

Vaccinations2

Decline3

Occur1