• Background Anti-smoking social norms are associated with subsequent quitting behaviours. (who.int)
  • Conclusions Proposition 99 created an unprecedented tobacco control infrastructure that supported local policy innovation and diffusion to influence social norms and behaviours. (bmj.com)
  • Overall, tobacco control policies can be organised into three categories based on intent: (1) to educate individuals and influence health behaviours, (2) to create economic disincentives or (3) to regulate product production, distribution or use. (bmj.com)
  • It assesses any changes related to gender equality - such as changes to cultural values, norms, attitudes, social behaviours and power relations, the participation and representation of women and men in all their diversity, the access and control over opportunities and resources, and shifts in policies, legislation and organisational rules. (europa.eu)
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Office on Smoking and Health developed this guide to help state, local, territorial, and tribal health departments plan and implement evaluation of the federal law to raise the minimum legal sales age (MLSA) for tobacco products to 21 years (herein referred to as the T21 law). (cdc.gov)
  • Atlanta, Georgia: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2020. (cdc.gov)
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. (cdc.gov)
  • An analysis of national HIV testing data conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shows that after several years of steady increases in overall testing associated with targeted strategies, HIV testing rates leveled off between 2001 and 2006. (cdc.gov)
  • According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), "while employers have a responsibility to provide a safe and hazard-free workplace, they also have abundant opportunities to promote individual health and foster a healthy work environment. (ueunion.org)
  • Through the Essentials for Childhood program, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention funds 7 state health departments (states) to address the urgent public health problem of adverse childhood experiences and child abuse and neglect, in particular. (cdc.gov)
  • Through interviews and document reviews, the paper highlights the early implementation of 2 primary prevention strategies from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's child abuse and neglect technical package with the greatest potential for broad public health impact to prevent adverse childhood experiences-strengthening economic supports and changing social norms. (cdc.gov)
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that victims of severe domestic violence annually miss 8 million days of paid work-the equivalent of 32,000 full-time jobs, and approximately 5.6 million days of household productivity. (medscape.com)
  • April 1995 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, Georgia ***************************************************************************** PUBLIC INFORMATION The Role of Public Information in HIV/AIDS Prevention Public information activities alone do not represent a sufficient HIV prevention strategy. (cdc.gov)
  • This paper concludes that standards can support a voluntary approach to achieving web accessibility by taking into account ethical and legal norms in the standardization process. (uib.no)
  • They have led judges to abandon procedural and substantive legal norms in an effort to prevent disputes from rising to higher authorities. (hrw.org)
  • Whether Yale economist Rohini Pande is designing public policies aimed at reducing air pollution or expanding women's employment opportunities, her general goal is the same: Serving people left behind amid booming economies and technological breakthroughs. (yale.edu)
  • Pande spoke with YaleNews about challenging restrictive social norms, harnessing digital technology to increase women's access to health care and employment in India - and economics as an agent of social justice. (yale.edu)
  • These are places where social norms restrict women's mobility, even prohibiting them from leaving the house alone, which means they cannot participate in the economy without permission. (yale.edu)
  • Using Germany's Excellence Initiative as an event study, I analyze changes in graduate cohorts in STEM fields and investigate whether public policies that help to create and sustain STEM graduate programs also affect women's participation in STEM graduate studies. (repec.org)
  • and (ii) Enhancing women's income security and social protection. (undp.org)
  • Reporting to the WEE Regional Policy Advisor, the feminist economist works in close collaboration with UN Women's program and operations teams in the Regional and Country offices, implementing partners, and UN Women West and Central Africa Women's Economic Empowerment staff. (undp.org)
  • This workshop - the third in a series started with two earlier events on Son preference and Gendered norms - focuses on policy and operational interventions aimed at improving women's outcomes by shifting social norms. (worldbank.org)
  • Uganda, a traditional patriarchal society, is experiencing social dislocations as a result of women's empowerment. (acrwebsite.org)
  • The Commission took a life-course approach and highlighted the interplay between biological and social determinants of women's health. (who.int)
  • The report which shows that women's health needs go beyond sexual and reproductive health concerns, identifies interventions that will improve the social status of women, promote gender equity and enable women to contribute fully to social and economic development at all levels. (who.int)
  • In addition, women's limited access to education and decision-making positions, coupled with their low income, limit their ability to protect their own health and the health of their families and therefore increase their social, physical and financial vulnerability. (who.int)
  • All these measures will largely contribute to the fulfilment of women's basic human rights and give women greater decision-making control over their health. (who.int)
  • Addressing women's legal status, gender norms and gender inequality are among the most important structural approaches to addressing maternal health. (who.int)
  • However, we also found that the relationship between frames and social media engagement is mediated by a change in these attitudes and increased support for the movement. (researchgate.net)
  • These findings suggest that engagement outcomes with digital news coverage are contingent on people's support for the movement portrayed, although legitimizing coverage can influence those attitudes and shape social media behaviour in return. (researchgate.net)
  • The findings reveal that attitudes towards vaccination, perceived threat and indirect social norms positively impact millennials' intention to take up vaccines in both message frames. (lse.ac.uk)
  • All these changes - in internalized attitudes, in our policies and laws, in our social norms - were achieved because people, especially the most affected, mobilized, re-visioned justice, and built strong movements to achieve these goals. (creaworld.org)
  • In this research, we applied the Integrated Behavior Model (IBM) to examine how attitudes toward RHIS data, perceived norms concerning RHIS data use, and the ability to use RHIS data influence the demand and use of RHIS data among stakeholders in Senegal. (bvsalud.org)
  • Influence attitudes and social norms. (cdc.gov)
  • It had a strong emphasis on second-hand smoke and public policy interventions, particularly creating smoke-free environments, smoke-free workplaces, smoke-free public places. (voanews.com)
  • The third level, community, explores the settings in which people have social relationships, such as schools, workplaces, and neighborhoods, and seeks to identify the characteristics of these settings that affect health. (cdc.gov)
  • In order to address these and the many other disparities, we must challenge the norms, beliefs, and behaviors that uphold the prevalence of sexual violence in our society from a health lens. (mcasa.org)
  • This approach focuses on integrating approaches to change the physical and social environments rather than modifying only individual health behaviors. (cdc.gov)
  • Domestic violence consists of a pattern of coercive behaviors used by a competent adult or adolescent to establish and maintain power and control over another competent adult or adolescent. (medscape.com)
  • The 2004 policies were not associated with significant changes in the odds of developing any of the primary outcomes. (nature.com)
  • In this study we investigated whether these joint introductions of tobacco control policies in the Netherlands were associated with changes in key perinatal outcomes known to be associated with maternal smoking and/or SHS exposure. (nature.com)
  • We also tested if news portrayal of protests might influence people's level of support for the movement, which in turn could lead to different types of social media engagement outcomes. (researchgate.net)
  • Gender disparities show the connection between health outcomes and social norms in a number of ways. (mcasa.org)
  • and the influence of non-State actors on compliance-related outcomes that result from the implementation of social regulations. (uib.no)
  • Fourth, web accessibility social outcomes contribute to continuity or change in social institutions and may also inspire actors to pursue further policy change and look for ideas and inspiration from other countries. (uib.no)
  • Consists of objective assessment of a project, programme or policy at all of its stages, i.e. planning, implementation and measurement of gender mainstreaming outcomes. (europa.eu)
  • GRASSP is UNICEF Office of Research-Innocenti's new research programme examining gender-responsive and age sensitive social protection systems to enhance gender equality outcomes, and is funded by the UK's Department for International Development (DfID) and other partners. (unicef-irc.org)
  • Social protection can reduce income poverty and food and economic insecurity, address financial barriers to accessing social services, and promote positive development outcomes throughout the life course - particularly for women and girls. (unicef-irc.org)
  • As part of the research program Social Divides and Norms: Disparities across Gender, Opportunity, and Location in South Asia , the Chief Economist Office of the South Asia region, in cooperation with the Global Practices and the Development Research Group, has co-organized a series of seminars and workshops on how social norms are affecting gender equality. (worldbank.org)
  • I'm thinking about how to design policy interventions in this setting that can help women find employment. (yale.edu)
  • But I think a bigger question is whether such interventions can also alter social norms. (yale.edu)
  • Preventing sexual violence requires a multitude of approaches and interventions to make significant social change. (mcasa.org)
  • Even as impact of the policies implemented, the WHO FCTC focus on the multi- governments became aware of the which wil further their evidence faceted interventions that are needed mortality and morbidity attributed base in the future. (who.int)
  • It is rooted in structural gender inequalities, coercive control, and power imbalances. (dhs.gov)
  • Entrenched gender inequalities and norms drive differences in women and men's lives and their well-being. (unicef-irc.org)
  • The intersection of gender inequalities and norms with ages and stages in the life course mean women and girls are at a heightened risk of poverty. (unicef-irc.org)
  • Despite the benefits of social protection systems, many fail to address gender- and life course-related vulnerabilities and inequalities, limiting its potential for poverty reduction. (unicef-irc.org)
  • To understand how these vulnerabilities and inequalities can be prevented and addressed, UNICEF Office of Research-Innocenti is engaged in a five-year research programme (2018-2023) called Gender-Responsive and Age-Sensitive Social Protection (GRASSP), generously funded by the UK's Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) and other partners. (unicef-irc.org)
  • 1 Centre for Tobacco Control Research, Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK. (nih.gov)
  • While this progress is commendable, the rate of progress is inadequate when more than one in four girls in India and two in five girls in Ethiopia may be subject to this harmful practice and its deleterious social and health effects. (springer.com)
  • Indhira Santos is the Global Lead for Labor & Skills in the Social Protection & Jobs Global Practice at the World Bank. (worldbank.org)
  • Workers in retail, education, health care, and social services often have to deal with customers, students, or patients who threaten their physical safety, yet OSHA has largely been silent on establishing best-practice procedures to deal with these hazards. (ueunion.org)
  • Studying abroad drastically changes daily routines: students enjoy new foods, practice different social norms, and likely travel significantly. (saiprograms.com)
  • The third sub-questions asks, "How have policy actors implemented legal obligations in practice? (uib.no)
  • Ana Maria Munoz Boudet is a senior social scientist in the World Bank's Poverty and Equity Global Practice with the Mind, Behavior, and Development Unit (eMBeD). (worldbank.org)
  • priority for public health policy and agreements were clearly insufficient practice. (who.int)
  • Sound health communication practice is based on a combination of behavioral and communication sciences, health education, and social marketing. (cdc.gov)
  • Control and Prevention's Office on Smoking and Health (OSH) and RTI International to serve as a technical resource to help inform effective policy evaluation and implementation by state tobacco prevention and control programs. (cdc.gov)
  • Policies to increase the MLSA for tobacco products the policy, and the effects that those gaps can have have been shown to contribute to reductions in on the policy's implementation or intended impact. (cdc.gov)
  • These variations are likely due to differences in socioeconomic determinants (e.g. race/ethnicity, education, marital status) of smoking, differing social norms around tobacco use and variation in implementation of tobacco control programs and policies in states. (cdc.gov)
  • The remaining authors (B.P., L.D., and M.S.) helped write this case study and conducted a related evaluation of the implementation of a smoke-free policy in housing managed by 1 of the stakeholders (6). (cdc.gov)
  • Despite a growing body of research dedicated to examining web accessibility, scholars have yet to examine fully the design and implementation of web accessibility policies from a national and crossnational perspective. (uib.no)
  • The overarching research question asks, "How do social institutions - i.e. norms, values and procedures important to a society - affect the design and implementation of web accessibility policies? (uib.no)
  • The second sub-question asks, "How has the institutional setting influenced the design and implementation of web accessibility policies? (uib.no)
  • First, social institutions - i.e., norms, values and procedures important in a society - by definition pre-date policy design and implementation and act as a mechanism for constraining or enabling policy actors to participate in policy design and implementation. (uib.no)
  • Paper II originates from the observation that policy actors involved in web accessibility in the UK have focused mainly on the design and implementation of voluntary standards. (uib.no)
  • Structured as a socio-ecological framework, our approach presents three interconnected change pathways - at the individual, household and societal level - through which gender-responsive social protection can contribute to gender-transformative results, along with tailored design and implementation features, and underpinned by a set of change levers that existing evidence suggests can strengthen the gender-responsiveness of social protection systems. (unicef-irc.org)
  • Employers' retirement age norms are positively related to countries' genderspecific statutory retirement ages and older-worker employment rates. (netspar.nl)
  • Methods The policy adoption continuum is described in the context of California's smoke-free workplace movement, and the influence of policy-driven tobacco control initiatives on social norms, behaviour and the public's health was examined. (bmj.com)
  • It is also apparent that social responsibility initiatives have been used to exploit divisions in the tobacco control community 4 especially in the areas of harm reduction 5 and collaboration. (bmj.com)
  • J-PAL initiatives concentrate funding and other resources around priority topics for which rigorous policy-relevant research is urgently needed. (povertyactionlab.org)
  • Results The Smoke-free California policy adoption continuum reflects a general approach for policy innovation and diffusion that builds social acceptance and influences social norms, while minimising unintended consequences and creating best practices in tobacco control. (bmj.com)
  • These factors include regulatory policies that may influence use of antimicrobial drugs, infection control practices, technologic development, and drug discovery. (cdc.gov)
  • Yang and Malone, 3 for example, point out that the Philip Morris (PM) "societal alignment" initiative was more about shifting social norms to enable "business as usual" than improving business practices. (bmj.com)
  • In the late 1970s, as China began the long climb out from the chaos of the Cultural Revolution, it remained marked by Maoist policies and practices dating from the 1950s. (hrw.org)
  • This study investigates how these retirement age norms differ across Europe and how they are related to country- and gender-specific pension policies and employment practices. (netspar.nl)
  • CIFOR advances human well-being, equity and environmental integrity by conducting innovative research, developing partners' capacity, and actively engaging in dialogue with all stakeholders to inform policies and practices that affect forests and people. (cifor.org)
  • Institutional expectations, organizational protocols, policies, and practices around RHIS data ultimately shape social norms around the use of the data. (bvsalud.org)
  • Logistic regression analyses examined associations of social norms with exposure to different types of tobacco control advertisements, tax increases and other tobacco control policies, adjusting for key demographic, smoking and media exposure covariates. (who.int)
  • The association with timing of the tobacco control policies was investigated using interrupted time series logistic regression analyses with adjustment for confounders. (nature.com)
  • His experience ranges from long-term structural analyses of the economic impact of environmental policies, trade policies, and tax reforms, to short-term monitoring of the business cycle and analysis of monetary and fiscal policies. (worldbank.org)
  • Maurizio Bussolo, lead economist in the Chief Economist Office for South Asia, has been working on quantitative analyses of economic policy and development with research interests spanning both micro and macroeconomic topics. (worldbank.org)
  • and by summarizing findings and lessons from randomized evaluations and producing cost-effectiveness analyses to help inform relevant policy debates. (povertyactionlab.org)
  • The longitudinal ITC Scotland/U.K. survey was used to investigate adult smokers' support for smoke-free legislation and whether this support was associated with higher quit intentions at follow-up, either directly or indirectly, via the mediation of perceived social unacceptability of smoking. (nih.gov)
  • Tobacco control policy efforts should address campaign challenges, oppose pre-emption and confront tobacco industry influence. (bmj.com)
  • The workplace can influence healthier social norms. (ueunion.org)
  • It recognised that tobacco company corporate social responsibility (CSR), whether in the form of donations to charity, support for good causes or lavishly funded campaigns trumpeting their own virtuous behaviour, is in fact a self-seeking marketing tool designed to win friends and influence people. (bmj.com)
  • This paper explores how regulatory agencies influence the legal obligations that result from the adoption of a standard in law or policy and concludes that national policy traditions structure the adoption of voluntary or mandatory web accessibility standards. (uib.no)
  • For example, tobacco companies have used litigation, direct lobbying to governments, and the establishment of industry-based advocacy bodies to influence not only policy makers and politicians but also public opinion. (cdc.gov)
  • The second level, relationship, includes a person's closest social circle, such as friends, partners, and family members, all of whom influence a person's behavior and contribute to his or her experiences. (cdc.gov)
  • Background Since the passage of Proposition 99, California's comprehensive tobacco control programme has benefited from a localised policy adoption process that allows for the innovation and diffusion of strong local tobacco control policies throughout the state. (bmj.com)
  • The research programme will examine how gender-responsive and age-sensitive social protection can sustainably reduce poverty and achieve gender equality. (unicef-irc.org)
  • In this podcast, Camila Perera talks to Francesca Bastagli, Director of the Equity and Social Policy programme and Principal Research Fellow at global think tank ODI, and Shivit Bakrania, Knowledge Management Specialist at the UNICEF Office of Research-Innocenti to discuss the results of our recent systematic review investigating the impact of social protection programmes on gender equality in low and middle-income countries. (unicef-irc.org)
  • For over 20 years, California tobacco control advocates have employed voluntary and legislative policy processes as tools to yield long-term sustainable impacts on the health of their communities. (bmj.com)
  • 5 The innovation and refinement of a given policy may occur across the following continuum of policy types, with varying impacts on social norms and the public's health. (bmj.com)
  • We have two voluntary programs in which women can enroll: One involves weekly calls about health or social security issues, informing them, for example, about government-provided prenatal care or maternity benefits. (yale.edu)
  • Through reducing maternal smoking and SHS exposure, tobacco control policies have considerable potential to benefit perinatal health. (nature.com)
  • Public health efforts to de-glamorize tobacco use, expose tobacco industry tactics, increase the costs of tobacco use, reduce youth access to tobacco, reduce sales to minors, and to create smokefree environments as the social norm, have resulted in a dramatic drop in tobacco use, with the corresponding public health benefits. (no-smoke.org)
  • For information on the provided Health Insurance Policy see below. (saiprograms.com)
  • They compared state spending on the control program between 1989 and 2004 to the decline in the smoking population, and compared that decline to what happened to personal health care costs - spending by individuals, insurance companies and the government. (voanews.com)
  • Then, using states that did not have tobacco control programs as the control group, Glantz says they compared what they estimated California's health care costs would have been had the program not been there, and compared that figure to what they actually were. (voanews.com)
  • And what you find is if you had not had the California Tobacco Control Program, a lot more cigarettes would have been smoked and health care costs would have been higher. (voanews.com)
  • Stan Glantz says California's experience has shown that you can lower health care costs by reducing tobacco-induced disease, and that successful health care reform requires a large-scale tobacco control effort. (voanews.com)
  • Perhaps because of increased public awareness of the harms of secondhand smoke generated by these public policies, state- and county-level public health workers began to receive requests for help from individual renters about secondhand smoke drifting into their apartments. (cdc.gov)
  • Preventionists can advocate for health equity and access to reproductive care as primary prevention that breaks down harmful social norms about gender and power dynamics in society. (mcasa.org)
  • By taking away choice and controlling reproductive health, lawmakers are sending a message that each individual person's autonomy and decision making over their own reproduction is not valued. (mcasa.org)
  • These findings have implications for national vaccination policies, emphasizing the need for policymakers in the health sector to address these factors as vital considerations to ensure the continuity of vaccination as one of the most important strategies for controlling the pandemic. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Social protection, such as cash transfers or health insurance, can help address poverty and vulnerability, as well as supporting people during shocks from childhood through to old age. (unicef-irc.org)
  • Both industries have employed remarkably similar advertising strategies, designed to counteract health concerns associated with their services and appeal to a sense of social popularity and acceptance (10). (cdc.gov)
  • Historically, however, both tobacco and tanning bed advertising have focused on mitigating health concerns: for example, they use physicians as spokespeople to emphasize alleged health advantages and appeal to a sense of social popularity including using idealized depictions of users and celebrity endorsements (10). (cdc.gov)
  • The social ecological model conceptualizes health broadly and focuses on multiple factors that might affect health. (cdc.gov)
  • This broad approach to thinking of health, advanced in the 1947 Constitution of the World Health Organization, includes physical, mental, and social well-being (World Health Organization, 1947). (cdc.gov)
  • The social ecological model understands health to be affected by the interaction between the individual, the group/community, and the physical, social, and political environments (Israel et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Both the community engagement approach and the social ecological model recognize the complex role played by context in the development of health problems as well as in the success or failure of attempts to address these problems. (cdc.gov)
  • Health status, emotional well-being, and social cohesion are influenced by the physical, social, and cultural dimensions of the individual's or community's environment and personal attributes (e.g., behavior patterns, psychology, genetics). (cdc.gov)
  • The same environment may have different effects on an individual's health depending on a variety of factors, including perceptions of ability to control the environment and financial resources. (cdc.gov)
  • There are personal and environmental "leverage points," such as the physical environment, available resources, and social norms, that exert vital influences on health and well-being. (cdc.gov)
  • To inform its health promotion programs, CDC (2007) created a four-level model of the factors affecting health that is grounded in social ecological theory, as illustrated in Figure 1.2. (cdc.gov)
  • PEH overwhelmingly preferred to receive health information through face-to-face conversations, especially with healthcare providers with whom they had an established relationship, but they also cited news media, the internet, and social media as their main sources for obtaining health information. (cdc.gov)
  • The first time that protection to achieve the public health goal, as WHO FCTC guidelines of nonsmokers was included as a exposure to SHS was not eliminated on protection from exposure major goal for a tobacco control and at best reduced (Siegel, 2002). (who.int)
  • FCTC), for implementing effective to the WHO FCTC recommended in tobacco control including cross- smoke-free public health policy and guidelines and others that partially do. (who.int)
  • policies regarding protect people from exposure to health protection of citizens. (who.int)
  • To further assess this and accordingly inform policy makers on the relevance of tobacco control policies being comprehensive, additional studies are needed in countries that vary in this regard. (nature.com)
  • For more than 5 decades, the problem of how to contain antimicrobial resistance has preoccupied policy makers and members of the academic community. (cdc.gov)
  • This report discusses the implications of these findings for policy makers and the development community as we seek to better understand barriers to accessing jobs, reducing poverty and sharing prosperity. (worldbank.org)
  • Authorities and policy makers are experimenting with vaccine promotion messages to communities using loss and gain-framed messages. (lse.ac.uk)
  • Child labor is a widespread phenomenon and therefore is of interest to both researchers and policy makers. (glabor.org)
  • Conduct education programs to help people make wise choices to improve nutritional intake, increase their physical activity, and control their weight. (cdc.gov)
  • Domestic violence may be associated with physical or social isolation (eg, denying communication with friends or relatives, or making it so difficult that the victim stops attempting communication) and deprivation (eg, abandonment in dangerous places, refusing help when sick or injured, prohibiting access to money or other basic necessities). (medscape.com)
  • The intervention altered how husbands perceive the social costs of having a working wife. (yale.edu)
  • We examined if exposure to tobacco control advertisements and policy changes predict subjective (perceived disapproval of smoking among close family and friends) and internalised injunctive norms (embarrassed about telling others you are a smoker). (who.int)
  • There were no associations nor subgroup interactions between advertisement exposure or policy changes and feeling embarrassed about telling others you are a smoker. (who.int)
  • Conclusion Smokers' perceptions of family and friends' disapproval of their smoking was more common after exposure to fear-evoking tobacco control campaigns and after large tobacco tax increases were announced and implemented. (who.int)
  • California's local smoke-free workplace policies have reduced secondhand smoke exposure and supported attitude and behaviour changes. (bmj.com)
  • Over the past few decades growing public awareness of the toll taken by smoking has been increased by multiple tobacco control policies, with ordinances and laws preventing secondhand smoke exposure leading the way. (no-smoke.org)
  • Evidence based comprehensive tobacco control programs that can prevent initiation, increase cessation, and eliminate exposure to secondhand smoke should be fully implemented to further reduce tobacco use. (cdc.gov)
  • Policies tend to be aimed primarily at enclosed public or workplace settings with very few countries attempting to control exposure in private or semiprivate spaces such as homes and cars, and, as a result, children may be benefiting less from smoke-free measures than adults. (stir.ac.uk)
  • Restrictions and policies on use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in smoke-free settings require more research to determine the benefits and implications of bystanders' exposure to secondhand e-cigarette aerosol, dual use and smoking cessation. (stir.ac.uk)
  • border effects, trade liberalisation, then retrace the evolution of concern Some of these examples contributed foreign investments, global marketing, about exposure to SHS over time and to the evidence that is summarised transnational tobacco advertising, the resulting policies for protection in later chapters in this Handbook. (who.int)
  • One of my primary focuses has been studying how to design and evaluate public policies that seek to assist groups that don't often benefit from economic growth. (yale.edu)
  • According to the authors of the policy brief, not declaring in full or partially economic activities in SEE remains widespread in virtually all areas of government - permissions and licenses, labour contracts, social security, taxes and custom duties. (ceeol.com)
  • Women in West and Central Africa represent the most deprived group of the population in spite of their paramount social and economic role. (undp.org)
  • They have limited access to, and control over critical resources, as a result of social, cultural and economic norms. (undp.org)
  • UN Women advices governments and regional institutions to develop gender responsive economic policies and supports capacity building of multiple actors to advocate for, formulate, and implement gender responsive economic policies. (undp.org)
  • Despite these preferences, many property managers remained reluctant to implement no-smoking policies, citing economic and legal issues (1). (cdc.gov)
  • Since the late 1970s, Chinese leaders have backed away from the Maoist economic, political, and ideological controls that they had used to govern the People's Republic of China since its creation. (hrw.org)
  • Netspar is dedicated to promoting a wider understanding of the economic and social implications of pensions, aging and retirement in the Netherlands and Europe. (netspar.nl)
  • In addition, countries should focus on the poorest and the most vulnerable population subgroups such as elderly and disabled women, establishing for them social protection schemes including specific measures to reduce economic inequities. (who.int)
  • I've been studying how to leverage these two factors to develop policies that would bring women into the labor force and allow them to challenge restrictive social norms. (yale.edu)
  • One of articles in there commits the ratifying countries to develop and implement large-scale tobacco control programs. (voanews.com)
  • The Immigration Section works with DHS components to develop and advance protective policies, procedures, and training for victims of torture and persecution, battered immigrants, trafficked persons, and other needing special attention. (dhs.gov)
  • We saw these norms change over three years, which I think is very promising. (yale.edu)
  • Social norms don't simply change in a vacuum, all on their own. (no-smoke.org)
  • It took a very strong approach directed around social norm change,' he explains, rather than simply telling people not to smoke because it was bad, or telling kids they shouldn't start smoking. (voanews.com)
  • The action items include the development of an educational/social-marketing program to change social norms regarding ROPS and monitoring and regularly publishing tractor injuries. (cdc.gov)
  • CIFOR publishes over 400 publications every year on forests and climate change, landscape restoration, rights, forest policy, agroforestry and much more in multiple languages. (cifor.org)
  • To strengthen the evidence base 'what works', 'how' and 'why' for social protection to contribute to gender equality, this report proposes and presents an analytical approach to evidence generation on gender-responsive social protection for gender-transformative change. (unicef-irc.org)
  • Proposition 99 and the creation of the California Tobacco Control Program (CTCP) generated a statewide infrastructure which laid the groundwork for a localised policy adoption process that in turn has allowed for the innovation, diffusion and refinement of tobacco control policies while minimising unintended consequences. (bmj.com)
  • Third, new or amended policies frame or structure what kind of regulatory instruments public authorities implement to ensure or promote compliance with policy objectives and principles. (uib.no)
  • The Immigration Section works with ICE to design and implement policies, procedures, and guidance to protect the civil and human rights of immigrant detainees while fulfilling the DHS mission. (dhs.gov)
  • The Immigration Section and Compliance Branch work with ICE and CBP to implement sexual abuse prevention and response policies and procedures under DHS's Standards to Prevent, Detect, and Respond to Sexual Abuse and Assault in Confinement Facilities (DHS PREA). (dhs.gov)
  • Disclaimer: The information and views set out on this website are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), the Parties to the Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products, or the Secretariat of the WHO FCTC. (who.int)
  • The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) Conference of the Parties (COP), meeting last November in Durban, reminded us of these truths. (bmj.com)
  • Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), this study analysed the impact of individual attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination, direct and indirect social norms, perceived behavioural control and perceived threat towards South Indian millennials' intention to get vaccinated. (lse.ac.uk)
  • Compliance with legislation also varies by country and there is a need for education and empowerment together with guidance and changing social norms to help deliver the full benefits that smoke-free spaces can bring. (stir.ac.uk)
  • It's odd when people acknowledge that changing social norms around smoking influenced their behavior, but don't realize how much tobacco policies helped to alter those social norms in the first place. (no-smoke.org)
  • Glantz notes that similar tobacco control programs will soon become more common around the world because of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. (voanews.com)
  • Other noted barriers to girls' education included social norms against girls' education and for early marriage, financial barriers, and poor value of education. (springer.com)
  • Environmental constraints, lack of role models and social control were identified as barriers for compliance with hand hygiene. (who.int)
  • Second, policy design and diffusion processes contribute to establishing and spreading new or modified institutional norms, values and procedures. (uib.no)
  • Guidance in this document can also support evaluation of state, local, territorial, and tribal T21 laws that may mirror or are more stringent than the federal T21 law (broadly referred to as T21 policies in this document). (cdc.gov)
  • Very often Indian husbands fear that they'll face social costs because people accuse them of being unable to provide for their households. (yale.edu)
  • Finally, we suggest an explanation for the phenomenon of poor societies with similar income levels that differ significantly in literacy rates and propose policy improvements. (glabor.org)
  • These items are combined and used in a set of multilevel interval regression models to analyze: (a) How employers' retirement age norms differ from those of employees and (b) How employers' retirement age norms vary across countries. (netspar.nl)
  • Flexible norms and informal procedures governed their work. (hrw.org)
  • States are focused on advancing family-friendly work policies such as paid family and medical leave, livable wage policies, flexible and consistent work schedules, as well as programs and policies that strengthen household financial security such as increasing access to Earned Income Tax Credit. (cdc.gov)
  • But in the early 2000s, Chinese authorities grew increasingly uncomfortable with these developments, faulting them for contributing to a rising wave of citizen protests and undermining one-Party control. (hrw.org)
  • Rather, central authorities employed these bureaus as general-purpose governance tools-allowing them to collect information on social problems and wayward local officials, to conduct Party propaganda among the masses, and to selectively intervene and handle some (but not all) individual citizen grievances as they wished. (hrw.org)
  • Despite the potential of gender-responsive, age-sensitive social protection, not enough is known about what works, how it works, and why it works. (unicef-irc.org)
  • It builds on the Gender-Responsive Age-Sensitive Social Protection (GRASSP) conceptual framework, and on the theoretical, conceptual and empirical literature on gender and social protection. (unicef-irc.org)
  • Increased polarization and the role of factors beyond people's control, such as connections and social norms, are at the heart of this disconnect. (worldbank.org)
  • Prior to joining the World Bank, she was a Research Fellow at Bruegel, a European policy think tank in Brussels, between 2007 and 2009. (worldbank.org)
  • We also look at the effect of social norms on the parents' child labor decision and analyze both these effects on the supply of labor and equilibrium in the labor market. (glabor.org)
  • Using a 3x2 experiment, we evaluate if news frames from the protest paradigm literature (riot, confrontation, and legitimizing) and the presence of an accompanying visual would make people more likely to read, like, share and comment on a news story about a street demonstration on social media. (researchgate.net)
  • IBM Research sees the opportunity for "widespread improvements in quality of life" when Cognitive Computing is used to improve or enhance understanding, productivity and efficiency, and people are given "appropriate control over, or feedback to the system. (dataversity.net)
  • It almost takes a peasant revolt from the real fans before Crowd Control will even force people to sit down during play. (sbnation.com)
  • Think about the abolition of slavery, the amazing body of human rights treaties and conventions we have today, the control and regulation of nuclear weapons, or the efforts to save the planet from climate disaster, to ensure food and livelihood security for all people, and to end violence and discrimination against women and all gender non-conforming people. (creaworld.org)
  • Applying the MPOWER model (monitor, protect, offer alternatives, warn, enforce, and raise taxes), which has been used in tobacco control, to tanning bed reform could reduce the number of people at risk of diseases associated with tanning bed use. (cdc.gov)
  • Advocates must be cautious of pursuing a statewide policy prematurely, as it may result in a weak and/or pre-emptive policy that can stymie local policy efforts and prolong the adoption of a meaningful statewide policy. (bmj.com)
  • As a result, there is simply less social pressure today to get and stay married than there was just two generations ago. (brookings.edu)
  • Gender biases in the wider policy environment and exclusionary social norms result in a gender gap in access to and control of assets and key resources, including land, labor, credit, information and extension services, with women facing disadvantages in several domains. (cifor.org)
  • As India becomes wealthier, digital technology has started to transform its public policy. (yale.edu)
  • We study a unique grading policy at a large US public university allowing students to mask their letter grades into a "Pass", after having observed their original grade. (repec.org)
  • Are public policies effective in enhancing gender balance and internationalization in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) graduate education? (repec.org)
  • She was a Fulbright scholar at Harvard University, where she obtained her PhD in Public Policy and a Masters in Public Administration in International Development. (worldbank.org)
  • The IBM Research site reports uses in social services, education, transportation, public safety, the environment and infrastructure as well. (dataversity.net)
  • In 2004, tobacco control advocates in the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area began to address this issue by launching a campaign to work with landlord and tenant advocates, private- and public-sector property managers, and other housing stakeholders to encourage smoke-free policies in multiunit housing. (cdc.gov)
  • The campaign resulted in Oregon's largest private property management company and its largest public housing authority adopting no-smoking policies for their properties and a 29% increase in the availability of smoke-free rental units in the Portland-Vancouver metro area from 2006 through 2009. (cdc.gov)
  • Public and private sector actors respond to the adoption of policy instruments. (uib.no)
  • The data include over 300 documents and 51 interviews with policy actors from public, private, and civil society organizations. (uib.no)
  • Second, when couples do get married, public policy frequently punishes them economically. (brookings.edu)
  • Each year the EU spends 14% of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on public works, from building projects to social infrastructure. (europa.eu)
  • Innovation issues are increasingly highlighted in public policy, including competition policy. (lu.se)
  • Social support from parents and teachers was also important, as was social support from in-laws and husbands to continue school subsequent to marriage. (springer.com)
  • They set their own research agendas, raise funds to support their evaluations, and work with J-PAL staff on research, policy outreach, and training. (povertyactionlab.org)
  • First, the past 40 years have seen an extraordinary shift in cultural norms concerning sex, marriage, and childbearing. (brookings.edu)
  • According to all these scholars, it is with the help of, and references to borders that ideas of a group's cultural hegemony and state control may be both verified and contested. (lu.se)