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RibonucleoproteinsRibonucleoproteins, Small NuclearHeterogeneous-Nuclear RibonucleoproteinssnRNP Core ProteinsRibonucleoprotein, U1 Small NuclearSpliceosomesRibonucleoprotein, U2 Small NuclearRNA, Small NuclearRNA SplicingCoiled BodiesRibonucleoprotein, U4-U6 Small NuclearRNA, Heterogeneous NuclearRNA-Binding ProteinsRNA PrecursorsRNA, Small CytoplasmicHeterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group F-HHeterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group A-BRibonucleoprotein, U5 Small NuclearSMN Complex ProteinsHeLa CellsRibonucleoproteins, Small NucleolarNucleoproteinsDEAD Box Protein 20Cell NucleusAutoantigensHeterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group CMolecular Sequence DataRNABase SequenceMuscular Atrophy, SpinalRNA Processing, Post-TranscriptionalNuclear ProteinsProtein BindingNucleic Acid ConformationAmino Acid SequenceRNA, MessengerArtemiaNucleocytoplasmic Transport ProteinsCell NucleolusLupus VulgarisSurvival of Motor Neuron 1 ProteinNotophthalmus viridescensProtein-Arginine N-MethyltransferasesRibonucleoproteins, Small CytoplasmicMethanococcalesPrecipitin TestsRibonucleoprotein, U7 Small NuclearRNA, Small NucleolarPseudouridineCytoplasmUukuniemi virusTranscription, GeneticAutoantibodiesInfluenza A virusDEAD-box RNA HelicasesIntronsRNA, FungalSaccharomyces cerevisiaeSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsHeterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein KNucleic Acid PrecursorsRNA CapsCyclic AMP Response Element-Binding ProteinBinding SitesCell LineRNA HelicasesLupus Erythematosus, SystemicActive Transport, Cell NucleusTrypanosomatinaMutationRNA, ViralSequence Homology, Amino AcidHeterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group MMolecular WeightAlternative SplicingCentrifugation, Density GradientProtein BiosynthesisCytoplasmic StructuresHeterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein LRNA TransportExonsPolyribosomesRNA Splice SitesProtein MethyltransferasesAntibodies, AntinuclearRibonuclease T1RNA, RibosomalViral ProteinsElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelRNA StabilityImmunoprecipitationOrthomyxoviridaePoly AProtein Structure, TertiaryMacromolecular SubstancesViral Matrix ProteinsTelomeraseEndoribonucleasesMethylationRibonuclease P
SubunitProteinProteinsSnRNPsRNAsHeterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteinNucleolarUridine-rich smallMRNAParticle-specificPutativeInteractsEarly spliceosomeCyclophilinTranscription factorU2AFPolypyrimidine tractCytoplasmicSpliceosome assemblyMutationsSplice sitesComplexSurvivalAuxiliary factorInitiationComponentIntegrityAssemblyRegulationLocalizationYeastLargeMitoticSerine
Subunit6
  • Splicing factor U2AF 65 kDa subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the U2AF2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • And the splicing factor can be divided into snRNP and non snRNP proteins.U2 auxiliary factor (U2AF), composed of a large and a small subunit, is a non-snRNP protein required for the binding of U2 snRNP to the pre-mRNA branch site. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we report that neuronal downregulation of Splicing factor 3b subunit 2 (SF3B2), a component of U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP), preserves retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and axonal integrity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-induced mice. (listlabs.com)
  • This gene encodes subunit 1 of the splicing factor 3b protein complex. (cancer-genetics.org)
  • U2AF35, the small subunit of U2AF, binds to the intron/exon border, whereas the large subunit U2AF65 binds to a region rich in pyrimidines designated the polypyrimidine tract (Figure 1). (biomedigs.org)
  • Y10b labels large and small subunit of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells. (uiowa.edu)
Protein14
  • For example, the C-Terminal RRM3 contribute to establish protein-protein contacts with splicing factors like UAP56, SAP155, and mBBP/SF1. (wikipedia.org)
  • The spinal muscular atrophy protein SMN affects Drosophila germline nuclear organization through the U body-P body pathway. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Survival motor neuron protein (SMN) is the determining factor for the human neurodegenerative disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) was the dominant alternatively spliced isoform in MDS and AML and is characterized by a longer isoform that retains exon 4, which encodes IRAK4-long (IRAK4-L), a protein that assembles with the myddosome, results in maximal activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of B cells (NF-κB) and is essential for leukaemic cell function. (cancer-genetics.org)
  • U5 snRNP-associated 102 kDa protein. (nig.ac.jp)
  • FAM111A (family with sequence similarity 111 member A), a nuclear protein that regulates host DNA replication, was shown to restrict the replication of a VACV SPI-1 deletion mutant (VACV-ΔSPI-1) in human cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • We further identified that FAM111A translocated into the cytoplasm upon VACV infection by degrading the nuclear pore complex via its protease activity, interacted with VACV DNA-binding protein I3, and promoted I3 degradation through autophagy. (bvsalud.org)
  • The large ~280-kDa U5 snRNP protein PRPF8 is central to the dynamics of spliceosome assembly [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human pre-mRNA splicing involves dynamic stepwise reactions in a huge protein-RNA complex called "spliceosome," which includes five kinds of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, called U snRNPs, and many protein factors. (innovitaresearch.com)
  • To create a systems view of the signaling apparatus in budding yeast, we generated an epistatic miniarray profile (E-MAP) comprised of 100,000 pairwise, quantitative genetic interactions, including virtually all protein and small-molecule kinases and phosphatases as well as key cellular regulators. (thebiogrid.org)
  • This protein is a specific component of the complex that includes pre-mRNA processing factors PRPF3, PRPF4, and PRPF18, as well as U4/U5/U6 tri-snRNP. (nih.gov)
  • A viral nuclear noncoding RNA binds re-localized poly(A) binding protein and is required for late KSHV gene expression. (uiowa.edu)
  • Zinc finger (Znf) domains are relatively small protein motifs which contain multiple finger-like protrusions that make tandem contacts with their target molecule. (embl.de)
  • In yeast, this bridging involves interactions between the WW domains in the splicing factor PRP40 and a proline-rich domain in the branchpoint binding protein, BBP. (embl.de)
Proteins14
  • This process is carried out by the human spliceosome machinery, in which over 300 proteins sequentially assemble with uridine-rich small nuclear RNA molecules (U snRNAs) to form distinct small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes (snRNPs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The team began by searching for essential factors to splice out human short introns from 154 human nuclear proteins. (innovitaresearch.com)
  • They downregulated these proteins' expression in a human cell line (HeLa cells) using small interfering RNAs (siRNA). (innovitaresearch.com)
  • It consists of five small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) and over 200 additional proteins (Wahl et al. (biomedigs.org)
  • The core particles of the U1, U2, U4, and U5 snRNPs are formed by Sm proteins, whereas the LY404039 U6 snRNP contains the related Lsm2 (Like Sm2) to Lsm8 proteins (Tharun, 2009). (biomedigs.org)
  • The decision on which splice sites are selected under particular cellular conditions is determined by the interaction of additional proteins, globally designated as splicing factors (SFs), that guide spliceosomal components and thereby the spliceosome to the respective splice sites (Matlin et al. (biomedigs.org)
  • 2012). The main families of these SFs are the Ser/Arg-rich (SR) proteins and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (hnRNP) proteins. (biomedigs.org)
  • Conversely, overexpression of a catalytically inactive mutant, Clk/STY(K190R), causes retention of hypophosphorylated SR proteins in nuclear speckles. (rupress.org)
  • Precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing is catalyzed by the spliceosome a large ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex composed of five small nuclear RNP particles (snRNPs) and additional proteins. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
  • This crucial step in gene expression is catalyzed by the spliceosome a multicomponent RNP complex which consists of five major U1 U2 U4 U5 and U6 small nuclear RNP particles (snRNPs) in addition to other proteins (for reviews see Will and Lührmann 2001 Jurica and Moore 2003 Wahl et al. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
  • 2009 Each snRNP consists of a unique small nuclear RNA (snRNA) associated with a specific set of proteins and a ring of seven Sm or Lsm proteins (Urlaub et al. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
  • The spliceosome then undergoes extensive conformational and compositional rearrangements that result in the release of U1 and U4 snRNA together with their corresponding U1 and U4/U6 snRNP-specific proteins and the formation of the catalytic core that is essential for the transesterification reactions. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
  • The spliceosome complex, composed of at least 170 proteins and several small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), is the key structure responsible for splicing in eukaryotes 10 . (nature.com)
  • Family of C2H2-type zinc fingers, present in matrin, U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein C and other RNA-binding proteins. (embl.de)
SnRNPs2
  • Subsequently, U2 snRNP binds to the branch point, and a preformed complex of U4, U5, and U6 snRNPs is recruited to the intron. (biomedigs.org)
  • Once the intron is defined U4 U5 and U6 snRNPs are recruited as a preassembled U4/U6?U5 tri-snRNP. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
RNAs2
  • A spliceosome is assembled from small nuclear ribonucleoproteins(snRNP) and small nuclear RNAs(snRNA). (wikipedia.org)
  • SncRNAs are less than 200 nt in length, consisting of microRNAs (miRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), endogenous small interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs or esiRNAs) and transcription initiation RNAs (tiRNAs) [ 6 ]. (ijbs.com)
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein1
  • To analyze splicing activity, they selected HNRNPH1 pre-mRNA (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1) including a 56-nt short intron. (innovitaresearch.com)
Nucleolar2
  • Long non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host genes (SNHGs) play a critical role in the occurrence and development of tumors. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • The human homologue of Nop1p is fibrillarin (accession P22087) a component of the nucleolar small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particle. (thermofisher.com)
Uridine-rich small1
MRNA17
  • The splicing factor 3b/3a complex binds pre-mRNA upstream of the intron's branch site in a sequence independent manner and may anchor the U2 snRNP to the pre-mRNA. (cancer-genetics.org)
  • Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as a component of the splicing factor SF3B complex (PubMed:27720643). (icr.ac.uk)
  • SF3B complex is required for 'A' complex assembly formed by the stable binding of U2 snRNP to the branchpoint sequence (BPS) in pre-mRNA. (icr.ac.uk)
  • Sequence independent binding of SF3A/SF3B complex upstream of the branch site is essential, it may anchor U2 snRNP to the pre-mRNA (PubMed:12234937). (icr.ac.uk)
  • Belongs also to the minor U12-dependent spliceosome, which is involved in the splicing of rare class of nuclear pre-mRNA intron (PubMed:15146077). (icr.ac.uk)
  • PPIH enzyme is a precise factor of the complex that comprises pre-mRNA processing factors PRPF3, PRPF4, and PRPF18, as well as U4/U5/U6 tri-snRNP. (prospecbio.com)
  • pre-mRNA splicing factor (109.2 kD). (nig.ac.jp)
  • Pre-mRNA splicing factor Pro1/Prp6. (nig.ac.jp)
  • Here, it is demonstrated that induction of host serine and arginine-rich splicing factor 5 (SRSF5) by IAV facilitated viral replication by enhancing viral M mRNA splicing. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mechanistically, SRSF5 with its RRM2 domain directly bounds M mRNA at conserved sites (M mRNA position 163, 709, and 712), and interacts with U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) to promote M mRNA splicing and M2 production. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mutations in pre-mRNA splicing factors including PRPF31 have been identified as cause for RP, raising the question how mutations in general factors lead to tissue specific defects. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Trans -acting splicing factors, pre-mRNA secondary structure and chromatin organization are now known to directly affect alternative splicing decisions [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pre-mRNA splicing in a subset of human short introns is governed by a distinct mechanism involving a new splicing factor. (innovitaresearch.com)
  • As human pre-mRNA introns vary in length, the splicing mechanisms and factors involved are likely not universal. (innovitaresearch.com)
  • The essential splicing signal sequences in pre-mRNA-the 5' splice site, the branch-site sequence, and the poly-pyrimidine tract (PPT) followed by the 3′ splice site-are bound by the splicing factors U1 snRNP, U2 snRNP, and U2AF 65 /U2AF 35 , respectively, which together constitute the spliceosomal A complex. (innovitaresearch.com)
  • The discovery of introns and the process of splicing, which eliminates them from the precursor mRNA, introduced an exciting but also perturbing factor in our simplified conceptions of the flow of gene expression in eukaryotes. (biologists.com)
  • However, both the accumulation of splicing factors at sites of pre-mRNA synthesis as well as pre-mRNA splicing are dramatically reduced, demonstrating that IGC disassembly perturbs coordination between transcription and pre-mRNA splicing in mammalian cell nuclei. (rupress.org)
Particle-specific1
  • Crystal structure of the human U4/U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle-specific SnuCyp-20, a nuclear cyclophilin. (nih.gov)
Putative1
  • putative splicing factor, 3'-partial. (nig.ac.jp)
Interacts2
  • Interacts directly with the splicing factor U2AF (PubMed:12234937). (icr.ac.uk)
  • Initially intron boundaries are Meclofenamate Sodium recognized when the U1 snRNP interacts with the 5′ splice site and the U2 snRNP and associated factors interact with the branch point. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
Early spliceosome2
  • The research team offers a solution to this enigma by demonstrating that SPF45 is a novel and distinct constitutive splicing factor in the early spliceosome, i.e., a subset of human short introns with truncated PPTs is spliced out with SPF45 but not with previously known authentic U2AF heterodimer. (innovitaresearch.com)
  • 2008 However it was also reported in a human in vitro system that the penta-snRNP is not essential for early spliceosome assembly steps (Behzadnia et al. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
Cyclophilin1
  • Crystal structure of a complex between human spliceosomal cyclophilin H and a U4/U6 snRNP-60K peptide. (nih.gov)
Transcription factor2
  • Gene expression, Kaplan-Meier survival, microRNA and transcription factor target analyses were performed with the University of Alabama Cancer (UALCAN) Database, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, LinkedOmics, WebGestalt and gene set enrichment analysis, respectively. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • SNHG4 is closely associated with miR-154 and miR-206, transcription factor target E2F family and the signaling pathway for MAPK/ERK and mTOR. (xiahepublishing.com)
U2AF3
  • A study by researchers from Fujita Health University in Japan reports a subset of human short introns that are spliced by novel essential splicing factor, SPF45 (RBM17), instead of by a known splicing factor, U2AF dimer. (innovitaresearch.com)
  • A PPT sequence and the downstream 3′ splice site is required for binding of the known authentic splicing factor U2AF heterodimer (U2AF 65 /U2AF 35 ). (innovitaresearch.com)
  • The initial step of splice site recognition comprises U1 snRNP binding to the 5splice site and U2 auxillary factor (U2AF) binding to the 3splice site. (biomedigs.org)
Polypyrimidine tract1
  • The splicing factor U2AF65 can specifically recognizes the polypyrimidine tract (Py tract), that's because U2AF65 consists of 3 RNA binding domains (RRMs), all of them have a high binding affinity to the Py tract on its adjacent 3' splice site. (wikipedia.org)
Cytoplasmic1
  • An autoimmune response to nuclear and cytoplasmic autoantigens is detected in about 60-80% of patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis. (medscape.com)
Spliceosome assembly1
  • The core spliceosome component PRPF8 is essential for spliceosome assembly through its participation in ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes for splice-site recognition, branch-point formation and catalysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Mutations2
  • Whithout mutations we would know very little about inheritance and the existence of genes. (intechopen.com)
  • Using Drosophila oogenesis as a model system, we show that mutations in smn cause abnormal nuclear organization in nurse cells and oocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
Splice sites1
  • One critical step involves recruitment of the pre-assembled U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP to Complex A, which engages 5′ and 3′ splice sites, to form the pre-catalytic Complex B. Complex B then undergoes profound structural and conformational changes that lead to catalytic activation and conversion to Complex B act , which initiates catalysis and nucleates the formation of Complex C, which completes the splicing reaction [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Complex5
  • Splicing factor 3b, together with splicing factor 3a and a 12S RNA unit, forms the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins complex (U2 snRNP). (cancer-genetics.org)
  • Together with other U2 snRNP complex components may also play a role in the selective processing of microRNAs (miRNAs) from the long primary miRNA transcript, pri-miR-17-92 (By similarity). (icr.ac.uk)
  • SF3B associates with the splicing factor SF3A and a 12S RNA unit to form the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins complex (U2 snRNP). (icr.ac.uk)
  • How are these short introns able to accommodate the oversized complex with the known essential factors? (innovitaresearch.com)
  • Subsequently this complex was referred to as the penta-snRNP (Stevens et al. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
Survival1
  • however, SPF45 is also an essential factor for cell survival and maintenance in vivo . (innovitaresearch.com)
Auxiliary factor2
  • Expression of IRAK4-L is mediated by mutant U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1 (U2AF1) and is associated with oncogenic signalling in MDS and AML. (cancer-genetics.org)
  • U2 auxiliary factor 2 (U2AF2) showed strong correlation with SNHG4 , while low-expression of U2AF2 showed good prognosis. (xiahepublishing.com)
Initiation1
Component2
  • Splicing factor 3b is also a component of the minor U12-type spliceosome. (cancer-genetics.org)
  • Splicing factor, component of the U4. (nig.ac.jp)
Integrity1
  • Taken together, our results suggest that SMN is required for the functional integrity of the U body-P body pathway, which in turn is important for maintaining proper nuclear architecture. (ox.ac.uk)
Assembly1
  • SMN is critical for small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) assembly. (ox.ac.uk)
Regulation1
  • Multiple lines of evidence implicate SMN in the regulation of germline nuclear organization through the connection of U bodies and P bodies. (ox.ac.uk)
Localization1
  • Both immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy analyses of cells overexpressing Clk/STY indicate that IGC components are completely redistributed to a diffuse nuclear localization, leaving no residual structure. (rupress.org)
Yeast1
  • Cryo-EM structure of the yeast U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP at 3.7 angstrom resolution. (expasy.org)
Large1
  • 2002 Additionally in human cells a large 200S RNP particle named the supraspliceosome that contained four penta-snRNP-like subunits was isolated and shown to catalyze RNA splicing (Azubel et al. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
Mitotic2
  • Germline and mitotic clonal analysis reveals that both nurse cells and oocytes require SMN to maintain normal organization of nuclear compartments including chromosomes, nucleoli, Cajal bodies and histone locus bodies. (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, impaired splicing affects only a subset of human transcripts, enriched for mitotic cell cycle factors, leading to mitotic arrest. (biomedcentral.com)
Serine1
  • VACV encodes a serine protease inhibitor 1 (SPI-1) conserved in all orthopoxviruses, which has been recognized as a host range factor for modified VACV Ankara (MVA), an approved smallpox vaccine and a promising vaccine vector. (bvsalud.org)