ReceptorSoluble NSF attachment proteinsReceptorsSyntaxinVesiclesSynaptotagminExocytosisComplexesMembranesMediatesYeastPeptidesSecretoryGenesFactorVesicularPathwayIntracellularComplexLipidExpressed in chFusionNeuronsCysteine-stringArabidopsisApicalInteractionsTumorVesicle transportProcessesMediateSpecificityMotifsLocalizationSynaptosomeOvarianAbundanceRegulatesFormSynapticMechanismsInteractionTranscriptHumansFamilyOvaryPartiallyRole
Receptor9
- Its molecular weight has been found to be 47167 M. SNARE complex (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) includes syntaxin proteins, VAMP proteins and SNAP proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- The essential membrane fusion apparatus in mammalian cells, the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex, consists of four alpha-helices formed by three proteins: SNAP-25, syntaxin 1, and synaptobrevin 2. (nih.gov)
- is compatible with a role in regulating Ca 2+ channel activity or SNARE [soluble N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein (SNAP) receptor] complex function in vesicle fusion. (jneurosci.org)
- SNARE stands for Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment Protein Receptor. (injectionartistry.com)
- Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attached protein receptor) protein. (umassmed.edu)
- In this model, the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein (SNAP) receptor (SNARE) proteins syntaxin-1, SNAP-25, and synaptobrevin form tight complexes that bring the membranes together and are crucial for membrane fusion. (elsevierpure.com)
- The complex process by which tick salivary gland proteins exit the glands and enter the host has been extensively studied, in what is called the SNARE hypothesis, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment proteins (SNAPs) and their receptor proteins (SNAREs) interact to move vesicles rich in tick salivary gland proteins out of the salivary gland cells. (usm.edu)
- The M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R), thrombospondin type 1 domain-containing 7A (TSHD7A), and neural epidermal growth factor-like 1 protein (NELL-1) are major autoantigens against podocyte antigens in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Using this framework to analyze the SM (Sec1/Munc18)-SNARE ( N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor activating protein receptor) system in exocytic membrane fusion in yeast and neurons, we find that the SM-SNARE network motifs of yeast and neurons show distinct dynamical behaviors. (biomedcentral.com)
Soluble NSF attachment proteins3
- The soluble NSF attachment proteins (SNAPs) enable N-ethyl-maleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) to bind to target membranes. (antibodies-online.com)
- and the cytosolic proteins N-ethylmalemide sensitive factor (NSF), a trimeric ATPase required for membrane fusion, and the α-β-Y-SNAPs (soluble NSF attachment proteins), which function in binding NSF to the membrane [10,14] . (ommegaonline.org)
- Martin HG, Henley JM, Meyer G. ( 2006 ) Novel putative targets of N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein (NSF) and alpha/beta soluble NSF attachment proteins (SNAPs) include the Pak-binding nucleotide exchange factor betaPIX. (neurotree.org)
Receptors5
- NSF and SNAPs appear to be general components of the intracellular membrane fusion apparatus, and their action at specific sites of fusion must be controlled by SNAP receptors particular to the membranes being fused. (antibodies-online.com)
- Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) make up the core machinery that mediates membrane fusion. (bvsalud.org)
- 2007 ) GISP: a novel brain-specific protein that promotes surface expression and function of GABA(B) receptors. (neurotree.org)
- Proteins of the SNARE family (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) are necessary to bring the membranes of a small vesicle and a cell membrane into close contact to promote fusion. (uni-goettingen.de)
- An abundance of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor adaptor protein receptors. (kegg.jp)
Syntaxin11
- SNAREs, syntaxin, synaptosome-associated protein (SNAP), and synaptobrevin form a tight SNARE complex that brings the vesicle and plasma membranes together and is essential for membrane fusion. (bvsalud.org)
- The cDNAs of SNAP-25, VAMP2, and Syntaxin 1A from Bombyx mori were inserted into a plasmid, transformed into Escherichia coli, and purified. (bvsalud.org)
- We then produced antibodies against the SNAP-25, VAMP2, and Syntaxin 1A of Bombyx mori of rabbits and rats, which were used for immunohistochemistry. (bvsalud.org)
- VAMP2 co-localized with SNAP-25 in the CX, and with Syntaxin 1A in the PI and DL. (bvsalud.org)
- VAMP2, SNAP-25, and Syntaxin 1A are present in the CA. Bombyxin-immunohistochemical reactivities (IRs) of brain and CA overlapped with VAMP2-, SNAP-25, and Syntaxin 1A-IRs. (bvsalud.org)
- NSF and SNAPs disassemble SNARE complexes and ensure that fusion occurs through an exquisitely regulated pathway that starts with Munc18-1 bound to a closed conformation of syntaxin-1. (elsevierpure.com)
- Munc18-1 also binds to synaptobrevin, forming a template to assemble the SNARE complex when Munc13-1 opens syntaxin-1 while bridging the vesicle and plasma membranes. (elsevierpure.com)
- VAMP (Vesicle-associated membrane protein), SNAP-25 (Synaptosome associated protein of 25 kDa) and Syntaxin constitute the basic SNARE complex. (biomedcentral.com)
- In this study the tension-dependency of fusion using model membranes equipped with a minimal fusion machinery consisting of syntaxin 1, Synaptobrevin and SNAP 25 is addressed. (uni-goettingen.de)
- Part of synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a complex. (nih.gov)
- We identify the closed binding mode of neuronal SM (Munc18-1) and SNARE (syntaxin-1) as the key factor leading to mechanistic divergence of membrane fusion systems in yeast and neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
Vesicles1
- Two important pathways were examined in the current study: (1) a basic pathway of exocytosis that brings new proteins to the cell surface and permits the cell to grow, and (2) synaptic transmission, a specialized form of exocytosis, regulated by Ca 2+ entry, in which vesicles already present at synapses fuse with the membrane and recycle locally (Murthy, 2003). (sdbonline.org)
Synaptotagmin4
- Synaptotagmin-1 and complexin bind to partially assembled SNARE complexes, likely stabilizing them and preventing fusion until Ca2+ binding to synaptotagmin-1 causes dissociation from the SNARE complex and induces interactions with phospholipids that help trigger release. (elsevierpure.com)
- The primed SNARE-complexin-synaptotagmin complex for neuronal exocytosis. (uchicago.edu)
- Advances in X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) diffraction data processing applied to the crystal structure of the synaptotagmin-1 / SNARE complex. (uchicago.edu)
- Synaptotagmin 1 and SNAREs form a complex that is structurally heterogeneous. (uchicago.edu)
Exocytosis2
- SNARE proteins are generally known to be related to vesicle fusion - mediating exocytosis or neurotransmitter release. (wikipedia.org)
- Syntaxins are membrane integrated Q-SNARE proteins known to participate in exocytosis. (ommegaonline.org)
Complexes4
- It is proposed that membrane fusion is induced by, the formation of SNARE complexes, at the active zones in the plasma membrane that are composed many of different lipids and proteins. (uni-goettingen.de)
- Following membrane fusion SNARE complexes are dissociated by the NSFs (N-ETHYLMALEIMIDE-SENSITIVE FACTORS), in conjunction with SOLUBLE NSF ATTACHMENT PROTEIN, i.e. (uchicago.edu)
- NSF-mediated disassembly of on- and off-pathway SNARE complexes and inhibition by complexin. (uchicago.edu)
- The exocyst, like SNARE complexes, may be needed for all fusions at the plasma membrane both in developing and mature neurons, or it may be required only for particular forms of traffic (Murthy, 2003 and references therein). (sdbonline.org)
Membranes3
- SNARE proteins are believed to form compact four-helix complex with membranes. (wikipedia.org)
- Palmitoylation sites are important in anchoring the SNARE complex to the cytosolic side of membranes. (wikipedia.org)
- To mimic the natural fusion process for e.g. in neuronal cells, different model systems with artificial membranes containing the SNARE core complex were investigated. (uni-goettingen.de)
Mediates2
- The SNARE complex mediates vesicle fusion by creating tight complex that brings vesicle and membrane together. (wikipedia.org)
- The formation of a SNARE complex (composed of one each of the four different types SNARE domains (Qa, Qb, Qc, and R)) mediates MEMBRANE FUSION. (uchicago.edu)
Yeast5
- Protein is hydrolyzed by culturing bacteria or yeast on the protein substrates. (psyclopeptide.com)
- These bacteria or yeast secrete their proteolytic enzymes in due course to release peptides from the proteins. (psyclopeptide.com)
- A yeast t-SNARE involved in endocytosis. (kegg.jp)
- The exocyst complex, a set of eight proteins first identified from secretory mutants in yeast, is an attractive candidate for mediating directed traffic. (sdbonline.org)
- We applied the framework to study SM-SNARE-mediated exocytic membrane fusion processes in yeast and neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
Peptides1
- Bioactive peptides are small protein fragments that promote metabolic health by exerting a positive influence on biological responses within the body. (psyclopeptide.com)
Secretory1
- A superfamily of small proteins which are involved in the MEMBRANE FUSION events, intracellular protein trafficking and secretory processes. (uchicago.edu)
Genes4
- Hippocampal neurons deficient in BLOC-1 suggest neurite outgrowth defects which when taken with association of SNARE leads to possible variants of genes encoding BLOC-1 - DTNBP1 - in Schizophrenia models. (wikipedia.org)
- 60% of human protein-coding genes, mostly by binding to the 3′- untranslated region (3′UTR) of the target mRNAs ( 5 ) and, therefore, miRNAs affect gene expression networks of a variety of biological processes including development, apoptosis, proliferation, and metabolism ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Although 271 genes linked to hereditary retinal diseases have already been identified, these genes encode diverse functions, including phototransduction, retinol metabolism, and intracellular protein transport. (oist.jp)
- The cytoHubba plug-in were used to identify hub genes from the protein-protein interaction network. (biomedcentral.com)
Factor5
- SP1 or Stimulating protein 1 had a matrix similarity of 1.0 and is a ubiquitous zinc finger transcription factor and is on the minus strand. (wikipedia.org)
- TATAB is a TATA binding protein factor with a similar matrix of 0.945. (wikipedia.org)
- Biochemical and molecular dynamic simulation experiments revealed that the two substitutions do not regulate secretion by affecting the property of SNARE complex itself, but rather make the SNAP-25b-containing SNARE complex more available for the interaction with accessory factor(s). (nih.gov)
- Several patients with clinical features of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) have fusion of the TEL (ETV6) gene on 12p13 with ABL on 9q34 and express a chimeric Tel-Abl protein that contains the same portion of the Abl tyrosine kinase fused to Tel, an Ets family transcription factor, rather than Bcr. (shengsci.com)
- Recent Advances in Deciphering the Structure and Molecular Mechanism of the AAA+ ATPase N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor (NSF). (uchicago.edu)
Vesicular2
- Previous studies suggest that the vesicular cysteine-string protein (CSP) may modulate presynaptic Ca 2+ channel activity in fast neurotransmitter release. (jneurosci.org)
- These two proteins appear to play different roles in vesicular trafficking and exhibit distinct localization. (usm.edu)
Pathway2
- Key interacting proteins of the plasma membrane, the cytosol and the vesicle membrane which function in the membrane fusion pathway, have been identified in a variety of cell types and characterized at the molecular level [10-14] . (ommegaonline.org)
- The impaired proliferation and reduced invasive capacity observed in cells as a consequence of inhibiting SNAP23 function suggests an important role for SNARE mediated pathway in OC progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Intracellular2
- Intracellular bacteria encode inhibitory SNARE-like proteins. (uchicago.edu)
- As for many essential biological processes, intracellular membrane fusion is mediated by interactions among a series of evolutionarily conserved proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Complex5
- SNAP proteins are t-snare proteins that are a component of SNARE complex. (wikipedia.org)
- SNAP-25 contributes two helices to the complex and is targeted to the plasma membrane by palmitoylation of four cysteines in the linker region. (nih.gov)
- More than 90% of extracellular miRNAs are vesicle-free, but form a complex with proteins such as Agonaute2 (AGO2) ( 22 , 23 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Here, we identified SNAP23, a member of SNARE complex, as a potential oncogene in OC. (biomedcentral.com)
- Complexin induces a conformational change at the membrane-proximal C-terminal end of the SNARE complex. (uchicago.edu)
Lipid1
- Another distinction that has been drawn contrasts the constitutive and the regulated pathways to distinguish the ongoing transport of protein and lipid to the cell surface from the ability to secrete hormones and transmitters in response to specific stimuli. (sdbonline.org)
Expressed in ch1
- When expressed in chromaffin cells from SNAP-25 null mice, the isoforms support different levels of secretion. (nih.gov)
Fusion7
- SNAP-25 is normally required for vesicle fusion which releases neurotransmitters from the axonal endings - usually acetylcholine (ACH). (injectionartistry.com)
- Without SNAREs there is no fusion and thus no synaptic signal transfer. (injectionartistry.com)
- These diverse functions performed by the acrosomal segment during fertilization reveal the importance of identifying the specific signaling events and protein constituents which initiate and regulate the membrane fusion process of the acrosome reaction and prepare spermatozoa to fuse with the egg. (ommegaonline.org)
- SNAREs contribute to the specificity of membrane fusion. (kegg.jp)
- SNAREs and the specificity of membrane fusion. (kegg.jp)
- SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. (kegg.jp)
- In this paper, we show that Syntaxin17 is recruited to the outer membrane of autophagosomes to mediate fusion through its interactions with ubisnap (SNAP-29) and VAMP7 in Drosophila melanogaster . (rupress.org)
Neurons5
- SNAP-25 was restricted to neurons in the PI and the CX of the brain. (bvsalud.org)
- Neurons generate their polarity by directing membrane traffic to growing neurites and growth cones, and by sorting proteins differentially between the axon and dendrites. (sdbonline.org)
- sec5 mutations have been identified and characterized in Drosophila in order to delineate the role of the protein in neurons and particularly at synapses. (sdbonline.org)
- This protein is required for many aspects of membrane traffic within neurons, including the elaboration of neurites, but the release of neurotransmitter at the synapse is independent of this exocyst component (Murthy, 2003). (sdbonline.org)
- Within neurons, multiple pathways are known to transport proteins and transmitters to the cell surface. (sdbonline.org)
Cysteine-string1
- 2003 ) A brain-specific isoform of small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein binds to Hsc70 and the cysteine string protein. (neurotree.org)
Arabidopsis2
- Find NAPG Proteins for a variety of species such as anti-Human NAPG, anti-Arabidopsis thaliana NAPG, anti-Mouse NAPG. (antibodies-online.com)
- Systematic analysis of SNARE molecules in Arabidopsis: dissection of the post-Golgi network in plant cells. (kegg.jp)
Apical1
- We focus on zebrafish mutants, in which photoreceptor degeneration is caused by defects in protein synthesis in ER, protein transport from ER to the apical photoreceptive membrane region, and phototransduction. (oist.jp)
Interactions1
- By capturing the evolutionary dynamics of target biological systems, the comparative modeling framework is empowered to (i) identify the functional roles of poorly characterized proteins and interactions and (ii) further decipher the underlying regulatory mechanisms of complicated cellular processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor1
- Ovarian cancer (OC) was the primary malignant gynecological cancer and SNARE protein is closely related with tumor progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Vesicle transport1
- In this study, we tested the hypothesis that VTI family of SNARE proteins, VTI1A and VTI1B, are required for the salivary vesicle transport and success of tick to gain an uninterrupted access to blood-meal for several days. (usm.edu)
Processes3
- Such processes require membrane traffic to particular domains of the cell surface, in order to insert proteins at restricted regions of the membrane, to enlarge particular regions of the cell membrane, or to signal asymmetrically to neighboring cells. (sdbonline.org)
- Integrating the dynamics across species is particularly important in modeling cellular processes through protein interaction networks. (biomedcentral.com)
- Many of the biological processes mediated by protein interaction networks are highly evolutionarily conserved or related across species. (biomedcentral.com)
Mediate1
- Major recent advances and previous data have led to a plausible model of how key proteins mediate neurotransmitter release. (elsevierpure.com)
Specificity1
- The specificity of vesicle trafficking: coat proteins and SNAREs. (kegg.jp)
Motifs1
- Extracting sequence motifs and the phylogenetic features of SNARE-dependent membrane traffic. (kegg.jp)
Localization1
- We found that two nonconservative substitutions in the N-terminal SNARE domain and not the different localization of one palmitoylated cysteine cause the functional difference between the isoforms. (nih.gov)
Synaptosome3
- Synaptosome-associated protein, 47 kDal (SNAP47) is a human protein encoded by the SNAP47 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- SNAP47 is a synaptosome protein which is associated with the protein coding in multiple diseases, including non small cell lung cancer and schizophrenia. (wikipedia.org)
- SNAP47 protein is a synaptosome associated protein. (wikipedia.org)
Ovarian2
- Seeking ovarian cancer related SNAP proteins may help to reveal new mechanisms of invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer, and provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
- α-SNAP is expressed in mouse ovarian granulosa cells and plays a key role in folliculogenesis and female fertility. (nih.gov)
Abundance1
- The protein abundance is about average when compared to all the other proteins in humans. (wikipedia.org)
Regulates1
- A vesicle trafficking protein αSNAP regulates Paneth cell differentiation in vivo. (nih.gov)
Form1
- A pure form of proteolytic enzyme is used to hydrolyze the protein to produce short peptide sequences. (psyclopeptide.com)
Synaptic2
- 2012 ) SNARE protein recycling by αSNAP and βSNAP supports synaptic vesicle priming Neuron . (neurotree.org)
- 2010 ) SNARE protein recycling by αSNAP and βSNAP supports synaptic vesicle priming. (neurotree.org)
Mechanisms2
- Understanding the basic mechanisms of VTI protein family in salivary glands may lead to better ways to prevent tick and tick-borne diseases. (usm.edu)
- The long term goal of our research is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which proteins are targeted to specific and distinct compartments. (stanford.edu)
Interaction1
- Mutations of a gene sequence can modify the interfaces or domains of its protein product and lead to the emergence of new or loss of existing protein interaction patterns [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Transcript1
- M. mulatta, a monkey, was aligned with the Homo sapiens protein transcript and a 67.1% identical amino acids were found. (wikipedia.org)
Humans1
- We also study the NPC1 protein that is essential for cholesterol transport in humans and can lead to Niemann Pick C disease when mutated. (stanford.edu)
Family2
- SNAP47 is a member of the SNAP protein family. (wikipedia.org)
- Our results demonstrate an important role of VTI protein family in uninterrupted prolonged tick feeding on the host. (usm.edu)
Ovary1
- This protein causes ubiquitous expression in testis, ovary, and many other tissues The gene is located at 1q42.13, meaning on chromosome 1 on the long arm of the chromosome in region 42, sub region 13. (wikipedia.org)
Partially1
- Previous research suggests that Vti1B, or other identified SNARE partners, may be able to partially compensate for the loss of Vti1A. (usm.edu)
Role2
- Protein Kinase C plays a role in several signal transduction cascades including calcium release. (wikipedia.org)
- Therefore this study provides a new method to solve the discrepancies and to generalize the functional role of SM proteins. (biomedcentral.com)