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SputumTuberculosis, PulmonaryTuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosisAntitubercular AgentsDirectly Observed TherapyTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantVaginal SmearsIsoniazidEthiopiaBenzophenoneidumBacteriological TechniquesSpecimen HandlingTuberculin TestRifampinSensitivity and SpecificityTuberculosis VaccinesMycobacteriumIndiaTuberculosis, MiliaryTuberculosis, Lymph NodeLatent TuberculosisReagent Kits, DiagnosticTuberculosis, OsteoarticularTuberculosis, GastrointestinalTuberculosis, SpinalTanzaniaTuberculosis, BovineTuberculosis, CutaneousDNA, BacterialAntibiotics, AntitubercularEvaluation Studies as TopicPyrazinamideExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisTuberculosis, PleuralMycobacterium bovisHIV InfectionsTuberculosis, MeningealPrevalencePapanicolaou TestBCG VaccineTuberculosis, UrogenitalBacterial ProteinsEthambutolAntigens, BacterialTime FactorsRetrospective StudiesTuberculosis, OcularTuberculosis, SplenicTuberculosis, Female GenitalTuberculosis, HepaticCross-Sectional StudiesMycobacterium smegmatisRisk FactorsMicroscopyTuberculosis, EndocrineTuberculosis, Central Nervous SystemTuberculosis, LaryngealPolymerase Chain ReactionTuberculosis, RenalMicrobial Sensitivity TestsBronchiectasisDrug Resistance, BacterialAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsContact TracingLungSouth AfricaMycobacterium InfectionsCystic FibrosisBronchitisTuberculosis, OralDNA FingerprintingNontuberculous MycobacteriaInterferon-gammaDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialPolymorphism, Restriction Fragment LengthTuberculinMass ScreeningRadiography, ThoracicBacterial Typing Techniques
MycobacteriumActive pulmonaryMicroscopyMultidrug-resistant tuPatients with tuberculosisAbstractInfectionRespiratoryFactors associated with pulmonary tuberculosisMycobacterial2020EpidemiologyExtra-pulmonaryBacteriaMethodsPrevalence of Pulmonary TuberculosisBacteriologicallySusceptibilityBacilliSpecimensStrainsNewly diagnosedIsolatesBurdenNucleicRadiographicRegimensControl tuberculosisDiagnosis and treatmentDrug resistant tuberculCases of tuberculosis were diagnosedNational Tuberculosis Controllers AssociationResistanceSymptomsCase of TuberculosisProgrammePositivityCultureRadiologicalMulti-drug resistaResearch Institute of TuberculosisWorld Health OrganCoughClinicallyForms of pulmonaryAnti-tuberculosis treatmentPreventionTransmissionJournal of TuberculosisLatent TuberculosisMiliary tuberculosisExtrapulmonary TuberculosisChest X-rClinical trialCentersDiseasePrevalentRifampicin
Mycobacterium32
Active pulmonary9
  • Materials and methods Study populace We studied a group of 44 individuals with active pulmonary TB?C?22 with diabetes and 22 without. (fabretp.org)
  • They disperse primarily through coughing, singing, and other forced respiratory maneuvers by people who have active pulmonary or laryngeal TB and whose sputum contains a large number of organisms (about 10,000 organisms/mL, the limit of detection by fluorescent microscopy). (merckmanuals.com)
  • Classic clinical features associated with active pulmonary TB include cough , weight loss or anorexia , fever, night sweats, hemoptysis, chest pain , and fatigue . (nurseslabs.com)
  • Delayed diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis among hospitalized patients could to contribute to nosocomial transmission. (isciii.es)
  • Among 149 patients newly diagnosed to have active pulmonary TB, the diagnosis was initially missed in 102 (68% [95% CI, 61 to 75%]) of all hospitalized patients, of whom 66 (65% [95% CI, 56 to 74%]) were smear positive. (isciii.es)
  • There was no association between positive Mantoux and presence of active pulmonary TB. (nepjol.info)
  • Persons in close contact with a patient with active pulmonary TB and those from endemic regions of the world are at highest risk of primary infection, whereas patients with compromised immune systems are at highest risk of reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Patients with suspected active pulmonary TB should submit 3 sputum specimens for acidfast bacilli smears and culture, with nucleic acid amplification testing performed on at least 1 specimen. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Public health measures to prevent the spread of TB include appropriate respiratory isolation of patients with active pulmonary TB, contact investigation, and reduction of the LTBI burden. (elsevierpure.com)
Microscopy7
  • This was the same group of patients for whom we had previously studied CD4+ T-cell responses.10 The TB was diagnosed on the basis of positive sputum smear using fluorescence microscopy and positive cultures on LowensteinCJensen medium. (fabretp.org)
  • Two sputum specimens were collected from all eligible individuals and were examined by Ziehl-Neelsen smear microscopy. (innspub.net)
  • These new tests are mandatory in addition to the previously-required sputum microscopy for acid fast bacteria. (cdc.gov)
  • Sputum smear microscopy is positive and the main source of infection of the disease. (hickeysolution.com)
  • However, the poor accuracy of the most commonly used test, sputum smear microscopy, and the weeks-long time to results of the previously prevalent gold standard for TB diagnosis of culture growth, have combined to make accurate diagnosis the Achilles's heel of efforts to eradicate TB. (i-base.info)
  • They have trained staff and the capacity to conduct sputum smear microscopy, but only inconsistent electricity and minimal biosafety capacity. (i-base.info)
  • A reevaluation of sputum microscopy and culture in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. (jamanetwork.com)
Multidrug-resistant tu7
  • The progress made in implementing interventions for the control of tuberculosis, multidrug- resistant tuberculosis and HIV-associated tuberculosis as measured over three years against milestones contained in the Global Plan is summarized in the Table. (who.int)
  • Furthermore, progress in control of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has also been slow. (who.int)
  • Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a form of tuberculosis (TB) infection caused by bacteria that are resistant to treatment with at least two of the most powerful first-line anti-TB medications (drugs): isoniazid and rifampin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has a variety of causes, but resistance usually due to treatment failure, drug combinations, coinfections, prior use of anti-TB medications, inadequate absorption of medication, underlying disease, and noncompliance with anti-TB drugs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is also on the rise, especially in large cities, in those previously treated with antitubercular drugs, or in those who failed to follow or complete a drug regimen. (nurseslabs.com)
  • Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are potential drugs that inhibit DNA synthesis and are used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and short-term anti-TB regimens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study aimed to describe the clinical, microbiological, molecular epidemiology and treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) cases in the UK and to determine factors associated with survival. (bmj.com)
Patients with tuberculosis5
  • India is home of the largest population of patients with tuberculosis and tobacco users in the world. (org.in)
  • As with previous editions, this edition of Diagnostic Standards has been prepared as a basic guide and statement of principles for all persons involved in the care of patients with tuberculosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Although patients with tuberculosis also generate larger particles containing numerous bacilli, these particles do not serve as effective vehicles for transmission of infection because they do not remain airborne, and if inhaled, do not reach alveoli. (cdc.gov)
  • The nursing care plan goals and management for patients with tuberculosis include promoting adherence to the prescribed medication regimen to ensure effective treatment and prevent the spread of the infection, providing education on infection control measures and supporting the patient emotionally, and addressing any psychosocial needs. (nurseslabs.com)
  • Distribution of final score for patients with tuberculosis (TB) (cases) and without TB (controls). (jamanetwork.com)
Abstract6
  • ABSTRACT Tuberculosis is a major health problem in Sudan, a country that carries 11-15% of the tuberculosis burden in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. (who.int)
  • abstract = "Objective: To know profile of pregnant women with tuberculosis at PPTI Baladewa polyclinic Jakarta, to evaluate impacts of tuberculosis medicinal treatment on pregnancy and to know the obstacles of pregnant women to look for tuberculosis treatment. (ui.ac.id)
  • Dicki Harnanda Prihandono, Suradi Departemen Pulmonologi dan Kedokteran Respirasi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret, RSUD Dr. Moewardi, Surakarta Abstract Background: Inspiratory muscle execises is a pulmonary rehabilitation methods in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that relatively new and highly developed Research on muscle exercises is very varied and not yet adjustable. (jurnalrespirologi.org)
  • Delyuzar1, M. Najib Dahlan Lubis1, Zainuddin Amir2, Lia Kusumawati3 1Departemen Patologi Anatomik, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 2Departemen Pulmonologi dan Kedokteran Respirasi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 3Departemen Mikrobiologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan Abstract Background: Sputum smear examination and X-ray images have been used to identify pulmonary tuberculosis patients. (jurnalrespirologi.org)
  • Irmi Syafa'ah, Winariani K Departemen Pulmonologi dan Kedokteran Respirasi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga, RSUD Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya Abstract Background: Tuberculosis and smoking aretwo major health problems in the world. (jurnalrespirologi.org)
  • abstract = "Tuberculosis (TB) poses a serious threat to public health throughout the world but disproportionately afflicts low-income nations. (elsevierpure.com)
Infection15
  • Progress has been made in testing tuberculosis patients for HIV infection, but provision of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy, the two crucial interventions for HIV-positive tuberculosis patients, is about one third of that targeted in the Global Plan. (who.int)
  • All HIV-infected persons at risk for infection with M. tuberculosis must be carefully evaluated and, if indicated, administered therapy to prevent the progression of latent infection to active TB disease and avoid the complications associated with HIV-related TB. (cdc.gov)
  • Adding to CDC's current recommendations for administering isoniazid preventive therapy to HIV-infected persons with positive tuberculin skin tests and to HIV-infected persons who were exposed to patients with infectious TB, this report also describes in detail the use of new short-course (i.e., 2 months) multidrug regimens (e.g., a rifamycin, such as rifampin or rifabutin, combined with pyrazinamide) to prevent TB in persons with HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
  • The ATS-CDC recommendations are contained, for the most part, in three official joint statements: 'Diagnostic Standards and Classification of Tuberculosis,' 'Treatment of Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in Adults and Children,' and 'Control of Tuberculosis. (cdc.gov)
  • The development of specific chemotherapeutic agents has revolutionized the prognosis of tuberculosis and tuberculous infection, making tuberculosis truly curable and preventable. (cdc.gov)
  • 1 ]. Tuberculosis is associated with risk factors such as age, male gender, HIV infection, smoking, asthma, and family history of close contact with TB patients [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is the most frequent co-infection in HIV-infected individuals still presenting diagnostic difficulties particularly in developing countries. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After initial inhalation of TB bacilli, miliary tuberculosis may occur as primary TB or may develop years after the initial infection. (medscape.com)
  • Tuberculosis is a chronic, progressive mycobacterial infection, often with an asymptomatic latent period following initial infection. (merckmanuals.com)
  • A latent TB infection (LTBI) case was defined as an individual who had a positive interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). (who.int)
  • BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection involving multiple organs and systems. (bvsalud.org)
  • Participants will be able to explain about TB diagnosis, DOTS program, TB-HIV co-infection, relapse and death due to tuberculosis in tertiary care hospital in western Nepal. (confex.com)
  • For the mice in the survival test group， the body weight was recorded every day post infection， and the tail vein blood smear was collected to calculate the Pb infection rate. (bvsalud.org)
  • An outbreak of tuberculosis caused by multiple-drug-resistant tubercle bacilli among patients with HIV infection. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Moran GJMcCabe FMorgan MTTalan DA Delayed recognition and infection control for tuberculosis patients in the emergency department. (jamanetwork.com)
Respiratory4
  • Hence, the aim of this project was to profile a broad array of host markers for development of optimal signatures for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis from other respiratory disorders using ex vivo sputum samples Methods We recruited patients who were seeking medical attention at the MRCG at LSHTM outpatients department and Tuberculosis clinic with symptoms suggestive of TB, prior to clinical or microbiological diagnosis. (sun.ac.za)
  • The objective of this study was to define the occurrence and associated patient risk factors among hospitalized patients with delayed diagnosis of respiratory tuberculosis. (isciii.es)
  • To critically analyze the outcome of sputum negative pulmonary TB patients who were managed in the Respiratory unit, Kandy Sri Lanka. (nepjol.info)
  • The other part discusses diverse sensors that have been developed and used for the detection of respiratory diseases ( e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer, pulmonary arterial hypertension, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and pneumoconiosis) by analysis of VOCs in exhaled breath. (ersjournals.com)
Factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis1
  • Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with pulmonary Tuberculosis among children attending primary health care facilities in Kampala. (mak.ac.ug)
Mycobacterial5
  • The UK Mycobacterial Resistance Network (Mycobnet) collects information on all bacteriologically confirmed cases of tuberculosis where a culture has been submitted to one of the mycobacterial reference and regional centres nationwide. (bmj.com)
  • This revision has been made primarily to update the information on tuberculin skin testing and laboratory services for the diagnosis of tuberculosis, and to remove material pertaining to nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases, which will henceforth be dealt with separately. (cdc.gov)
  • Mycobacterial culture was positive in 5 patients. (nepjol.info)
  • Effects on mycobacterial burden in sputum (early bactericidal activity or EBA) were monitored as colony counts on agar and time to positivity in automated liquid culture. (uct.ac.za)
  • Use of mycobacterial smears in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in AIDS/ARC patients. (jamanetwork.com)
20201
  • Methods The relevant information of 329 patients with pneumoconiosis complicated with tuberculosis diagnosed from 2010 to 2020 was retrospectively collected, including 260 cases of pneumoconiosis complicated with bacteriologically negative tuberculosis (B-TB) and 69 cases of pneumoconiosis complicated with bacteriologically positive tuberculosis (B+TB). (bvsalud.org)
Epidemiology5
Extra-pulmonary3
  • Though DOTS program is very effective in Nepal, diagnosis of both pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) still challenge clinicians and public health officials. (confex.com)
  • Participants will be able to describe obstacles in diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis in rural Nepal. (confex.com)
  • In extra-pulmonary specimens, the performance of molecular tools varies and should be considered separately for each specimen type. (pparsignaling.com)
Bacteria2
  • People with pulmonary cavitary lesions are especially contagious because of the large number of bacteria contained within a lesion. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Background The positive rate of sputum bacteria in patients with pneumoconiosis complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis is lower than that in patients with simple tuberculosis, which makes the disease assessment more difficult. (bvsalud.org)
Methods5
  • Methods: A Prospective study of 150 new detected sputum smear positive patients were included in the study. (biomedscidirect.com)
  • Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out to 438 tuberculosis patients admitted to DOTS clinic in tertiary care hospital in western Nepal. (confex.com)
  • Methods: Subjects were all pregnant women with tuberculosis and received tuberculosis treatment at polyclinic of PPTI Baladewa from January 2006 - December 2007. (ui.ac.id)
  • METHODS: Sputum smear positive tuberculosis patients were randomly assigned to sutezolid 600 mg BID (N = 25) or 1200 mg QD (N = 25), or standard 4-drug therapy (N = 9) for the first 14 days of treatment. (uct.ac.za)
  • The 90% confidence intervals (CI) for bactericidal activity in sputum over the 14 day interval excluded zero for all treatments and both monitoring methods, as did those for cumulative WBA. (uct.ac.za)
Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis2
Bacteriologically9
  • The current study provides an estimate of the prevalence of the bacteriologically positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) population in the northern area of KPK, Pakistan. (innspub.net)
  • In the year 2016, 91 individuals were bacteriologically positive and the prevalence of PTB was found at 9.48 % (n-91) (45 % were male and 55 % were female). (innspub.net)
  • Similarly, in the year 2017, 52 individuals were bacteriologically positive and the prevalence of PTB was found at 6.34 % (48% were male and 52% were female). (innspub.net)
  • Objective To compare the differences of blood test indexes between patients with pneumoconiosis complicated with bacteriologically negative and bacteriologically positive pulmonary tuberculosis, so as to provide a basis for the assessment of lesions in patients with pneumoconiosis complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • The demographic characteristics and blood test indexes of the two groups of patients were analyzed and compared, and logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with pneumoconiosis complicated with bacteriologically positive tuberculosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Data on the burden of bacteriologically confirmed childhood Tuberculosis (PTB) and drug-resistant TB in Ethiopia is limited due to difficulties related to its diagnosis in this population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, this study aimed to assess bacteriologically confirmed childhood PTB Case Notification Rates (CNRs) and the burden of Drug Resistant-Tuberculosis among children in Ethiopia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most of the bacteriologically confirmed childhood PTB and the identified drug Resistant-Tuberculosis cases were new cases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cured: A pulmonary TB patient with bacteriologically confirmed TB at the beginning of treatment who was smear- or culture-negative in the last month of treatment and on at least one previous occasion. (who.int)
Susceptibility1
  • The isolated M. tuberculosis strains have been characterized by performing susceptibility tests against four first-line antituberculosis drugs and were then subjected to spoligotyping characterization. (scielo.br)
Bacilli6
  • Following exposure and inhalation of TB bacilli in the lung, a primary pulmonary complex is established, followed by development of pulmonary lymphangitis and hilar lymphadenopathy. (medscape.com)
  • The acid-fast bacilli sputum smear results indicated a grade of 3+. (bvsalud.org)
  • Patients should have at least two sputum smear samples positive for tubercle bacilli (at least 1+). (who.int)
  • Among all the patients studied, 51.4 % were PTB and of them 58.0 % showed Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) positive sputum smear. (confex.com)
  • 890 sputum smear positive Cat II PTB patients were randomized to receive either six intra-dermal injections (2 + 4) of heat-killed MIP at a dose of 5 × 108 bacilli or placebo once in 2 weeks for 2 months. (org.in)
  • Kim TCBlackman RSHeatwole KMKim TRochester DF Acid-fast bacilli in sputum smears of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: prevalence and significance of negative smears pretreatment and positive smears post-treatment. (jamanetwork.com)
Specimens3
  • Two sputum specimens was examined (spot and early morning) as per the RNTCP guide lines. (biomedscidirect.com)
  • The National TB Control Program (Programa Nacional de Controle da Tuberculose - PNCT) recommends the use of culture (and drug sensitivity tests if appropriate) for diagnosing TB when specimens are difficult to obtain, in cases with a high probability of resistance and in those with usual negative smears [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The technology for rapid diagnosis PXD101 in vivo of TB and rifampicin (RMP) resistance in pulmonary sputum smear-positive specimens is well advanced, and assays have high specificity with good sensitivity. (pparsignaling.com)
Strains7
  • In this study the prevalence of pcaA gene was determined in M. tuberculosis strains typed by spoligotyping. (scielo.br)
  • Spoligotyping of M. tuberculosis strains resulted in 140 different patterns. (scielo.br)
  • The pcaA gene was detected in M. tuberculosis clinical isolates but not in saprophyte strains such as M. kansasi. (scielo.br)
  • The results showed that, spread of M. tuberculosis strains belonging to the Beijing family among Iranian patients has to be considered seriously. (scielo.br)
  • There has been a re-emergence of tuberculosis as a global health problem over the past two decades 1, 2 accompanied by an increase in drug resistant tuberculosis strains. (bmj.com)
  • In this context, a cohort study was conducted to assess the prevalence of BL strains among pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients in the Kandy district of Sri Lanka (a popular tourist destination) and its association with patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. (hindawi.com)
  • In this context, we undertook a study in Kandy (a popular tourist destination) with the aim of understanding the prevalence, patient characteristics, and treatment outcomes associated with BL strains among tuberculosis patients in Kandy, Sri Lanka. (hindawi.com)
Newly diagnosed3
  • 4 In this paper the nature and magnitude of drug resistance in newly diagnosed cases of tuberculosis in the UK between 1993 and 1999 using data collated by Mycobnet is presented. (bmj.com)
  • Newly diagnosed, previously untreated, uncomplicated, sputum smear-positive, pulmonary tuberculosis (or with less than 7 days of ATT). (who.int)
  • Only 38% depended on sputum analysis for diagnosis and 39% were prescribing four drug regimen for newly diagnosed TB patients. (org.pk)
Isolates1
  • There were 25 217 reports of initial isolates of M tuberculosis complex in the UK between 1993 and 1999. (bmj.com)
Burden6
  • The trial will also fill existing gaps in knowledge on dosing and acceptability of new anti-tuberculosis formulations and commonly used HIV drugs in settings with a high burden of TB. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 11-15% of the tuberculosis burden nic groups. (who.int)
  • Pakistan is among the thirty countries with high tuberculosis (TB) burden in which the complete elimination of TB is, unfortunately, a distant reality. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The burden of Drug Resistant-Tuberculosis to at least one of the five first-line anti-TB drugs tested was five (6.5%) cases and one (1.3%) was found to be a Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis case. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A 2015 modeling study reported that a high burden of childhood DR-TB was observed in the European and Western Pacific World Health Organization (WHO) regions due to the presence of high proportions of Drug Resistant-Tuberculosis (DR-TB) among the general population in those regions [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Measuring the size of the infectious pool of tuberculosis (TB) is essential to understand the burden and monitor trends of TB control program performance. (altmetric.com)
Nucleic3
  • If the site of disease is pulmonary, laryngeal, or pleural and the AFB sputum smear is positive and the nucleic acid assay is positive or not performed, a contact investigation should always be initiated. (cdc.gov)
  • Diagnosis is most often by sputum smear and culture and, when available, by nucleic acid amplification tests. (merckmanuals.com)
  • The one who was diagnosed with A case of TB was defined as an individual who was con- pulmonary TB was tested (sputum acid-fast bacil i smear firmed with a positive sputum smear, culture or nucleic and culture three times and NAAT) and treated with the acid amplification test (NAAT) or by a physician diagnosis standard regimen. (who.int)
Radiographic2
  • Pulmonary tuberculosis represents a variety of radiographic patterns. (hindawi.com)
  • Cohen RMuzaffar SCapellan JAzar HChinikamwala M The validity of classic symptoms and chest radiographic configuration in predicting pulmonary tuberculosis. (jamanetwork.com)
Regimens2
  • Treatment regimens for extrapulmonary TB generally are the same as for pulmonary TB. (who.int)
  • Noncompliance to self-administered multi drug tuberculosis treatment regimens is common and is the most important cause of failure of initial therapy and relapse. (biomedscidirect.com)
Control tuberculosis2
  • Despite global efforts to control Tuberculosis (TB), the disease remains one of the world's deadliest communicable diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Background Despite all the interventions deployed to control tuberculosis (TB), the disease still continues to be the principal cause of death from a single infectious agent in resource constrained settings. (sun.ac.za)
Diagnosis and treatment4
  • In May 2009, recognizing the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, the Health Assembly, in resolution WHA62.15, urged all Member States to achieve universal access to diagnosis and treatment of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug- resistant tuberculosis as part of the transition to universal health coverage. (who.int)
  • Delay in diagnosis and treatment of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis leads to the spread of this disease [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Time intervals between admission, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis were determined. (isciii.es)
  • The diagnosis and treatment of hospitalized patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is often delayed because absence of clinic suspicion owing to old age, chronic lung disease or atypical presentations and slow confirmation by culture. (isciii.es)
Drug resistant tubercul1
  • Although the proportion of drug resistant tuberculosis cases appears to be stable in the UK at present, more than one in 20 patients has drug resistant disease at diagnosis and more than one in 100 has multidrug resistant disease. (bmj.com)
Cases of tuberculosis were diagnosed1
  • 45 cases of tuberculosis were diagnosed, most aged under 4 years of age and adolescents, all vaccinated with BCG ID. (bvsalud.org)
National Tuberculosis Controllers Association1
  • This statement, the first issued jointly by the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association and CDC, was drafted by a working group consisting of members from both organizations on the basis of a review of relevant epidemiologic and other scientific studies and established practices in conducting contact investigations. (cdc.gov)
Resistance4
  • Some mechanisms of drug resistance include: Cell wall: The cell wall of M. tuberculosis (TB) contains complex lipid molecules which act as a barrier to stop drugs from entering the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • The re-emergence of tuberculosis as a global health problem over the past two decades, accompanied by an increase in tuberculosis drug resistance, prompted the development of a comprehensive national surveillance system for tuberculosis drug resistance in 1993. (bmj.com)
  • Tuberculosis control measures should be strengthened to minimise the emergence of drug resistance through rapid diagnosis, rapid identification of drug resistance, supervised treatment, and maintenance of comprehensive surveillance. (bmj.com)
  • The most difficult clinical cases are caused by multiple drug resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) defined as resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin. (bmj.com)
Symptoms3
  • The risk of progression of TB, from becoming infected to the presentation of symptoms in HIV-positive cases, is 5% annually and 30% during their life, while these statistics are 5-10% in HIV-negative cases [ 12 , 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Patients with miliary tuberculosis may experience progressive symptoms over days to weeks or occasionally over several months. (medscape.com)
  • 85% of clients diagnosed with TB present with pulmonary symptoms. (nurseslabs.com)
Case of Tuberculosis2
  • The Report of Verified Case of Tuberculosis (RVCT) form is designed to collect information on cases of tuberculosis (TB). (cdc.gov)
  • 1. Report of Verified Case of Tuberculosis - Questions 1 - 22 are printed on page 1, and questions 23 - 32 and user Comments on page 2. (cdc.gov)
Programme6
  • Under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme of India, patients with new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis are treated with a thrice-weekly regimen of antitubercular drugs for 6 months. (org.in)
  • Outcome indicators for the national tuberculosis control programme are lagging behind the required targets. (who.int)
  • 3National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Khartoum, Sudan. (who.int)
  • Aim: Sputumsmear conversion rate is an operational indicator for the Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) strategy of Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) in India. (biomedscidirect.com)
  • Conclusion: DOTS programme is therapeutically effective both for the individual and the community, with rapid sputum conversion rate, cure rate and better compliance. (biomedscidirect.com)
  • Similarly, increased (or incorrect) diagnosis of TB may compromise programme effectiveness by increasing the numbers of individuals requiring anti-tuberculosis treatment, unless it is carefully planned. (pparsignaling.com)
Positivity3
  • Tuberculosis was diagnosed on the basis of sputum smear and culture positivity. (fabretp.org)
  • Although recent trials of TB treatment-shortening in adults with sputum-positivity have not been successful, the question has never been addressed in children, who have mainly paucibacillary, non-severe smear-negative disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PTB was diagnosed by clinical history, chest X-ray and sputum smear positivity. (confex.com)
Culture3
  • All individuals in the study were sputum smear and culture positive. (fabretp.org)
  • Antigens Tuberculosis antigens used were early secreted antigen-6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10) (both from Fitzgerald Industries Intl. Inc., Acton, MA). (fabretp.org)
  • Treatment completed: A TB patient who completed treatment without evidence of failure BUT with no record to show that sputum smear or culture results in the last month of treatment and on at least one previous occasion were negative, either because tests were not done or because results are unavailable. (who.int)
Radiological2
  • The two groups did not differ significantly in terms of sputum smear grades or radiological extent of disease. (fabretp.org)
  • Our findings suggest that empirical anti TB treatment is an acceptable practice if clinical suspicion of tuberculosis is high and patients show supportive radiological evidence of active TB. (nepjol.info)
Multi-drug resista2
  • Prevalence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in Karachi, Pakistan: identification of at risk groups. (innspub.net)
  • Moreover, it has been reported that an estimated 33,000 children developed Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) each year across the world [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Research Institute of Tuberculosis1
World Health Organ1
  • Although the recommendations pertain to the United States, they might be adaptable for use in other countries that adhere to guidelines issued by the World Health Organization, the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, and national TB control programs. (cdc.gov)
Cough4
  • Droplet nuclei are produced when persons with pulmonary tuberculosis cough, sneeze, speak, or sing. (cdc.gov)
  • Cough was the most common symptom (94.5%) and 84% had sputum. (hindawi.com)
  • Clinical manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis are cough, fever, weakness, and weight loss [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Patients with typical CAP classically present with fever, a productive cough with purulent sputum, dyspnea, and pleuritic chest pain. (medscape.com)
Clinically2
  • Smear negative TB was diagnosed clinically based on the algorithm from a Desk Guide under evaluation. (mak.ac.ug)
  • In order to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of cases of children and adolescents which evolved clinically with tuberculosis. (bvsalud.org)
Forms of pulmonary2
  • Tuberculosis (TB) in children is frequently paucibacillary and non-severe forms of pulmonary TB are common. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sensitivity of smears is even lower in paucibacillary forms of pulmonary disease, as in children and in patients infected with TB and HI. (biomedcentral.com)
Anti-tuberculosis treatment1
  • Historically, studies of anti-tuberculosis treatment in children have lagged substantially behind adult studies and data regarding TB treatment extrapolated from adults. (biomedcentral.com)
Prevention5
  • These guidelines update previous CDC recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of tuberculosis (TB) among adults and children coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Historically, the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) have provided guidance on the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of tuberculosis in the United States and Canada. (cdc.gov)
  • Tuberculosis and air travel : guidelines for prevention and control - 3rd ed. (bvsalud.org)
  • 1.Tuberculosis - prevention and control. (bvsalud.org)
  • Tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) offered to children who come into contact with infectious adult pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) cases is an important childhood TB prevention strategy. (who.int)
Transmission5
  • To describe the general principles of the transmission, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of tuberculosis. (cdc.gov)
  • 2.Tuberculosis - transmission. (bvsalud.org)
  • The overall adjusted summary population attributable risk (%) for both the risk factors together was 38.7.CONCLUSION: Reaching out to underprivileged TB patients for delivery of DOTS and focused education of patients and their contacts about M. tuberculosis transmission mode may substantially minimize pulmonary TB risk in this and similar settings. (aku.edu)
  • There are many misunderstandings about the transmission of tuberculosis and BCG vaccinations. (org.pk)
  • Kantor HSPoblete RPusateri SL Nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis from unsuspected disease. (jamanetwork.com)
Journal of Tuberculosis2
Latent Tuberculosis1
  • ICER202101 Adult BCG revaccination induced Antibody and cTfh responses in Latent Tuberculosis individuals with or without diabetes mellitus . (nih.gov)
Miliary tuberculosis1
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis2
Chest X-r1
  • one student who had intermediate (less than 10 hours) contact with the index patient was found to have pulmonary TB by chest X-ray. (who.int)
Clinical trial1
  • All individuals were examined as part of a natural history study approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis ("type":"clinical-trial","attrs":"text":"NCT01154959″,"term_id":"NCT01154959″NCT01154959), and informed written consent was obtained from all participants. (fabretp.org)
Centers1
  • The process of industrialization, which was late in Brazil, made tuberculosis become a real public health problem in urban centers only in the twentieth century when a large human contingent was formed in the cities looking for work opportunities and skill training in industries. (bvsalud.org)
Disease19
  • Tuberculosis (TB) disease can be treated successfully in almost all cases. (who.int)
  • Because tuberculosis, even after it has been treated adequately, remains a pertinent and lifelong part of a person's medical history, previous as well as current disease is included in the classification. (cdc.gov)
  • Early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis plays a significant role in preventing the spread of the disease and eventual death of the patients [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Recently an assay based on IFN-gamma response to M. tuberculosis RD1 peptides selected by computational analysis was developed whose presence is detected during active TB disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • See Tuberculosis: Diagnostic Imaging and Treatment Challenges , a Critical Images slideshow, to help determine the best approach for patients with this multisystemic disease. (medscape.com)
  • Evans syndrome is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by autoimmune hemolytic anemia, immune thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia, with positive results for the direct Coombs test and platelet antibodies. (bvsalud.org)
  • Every year, about 70,000 cases of tuberculosis are diagnosed, and 4,600 people die from this disease in Brazil. (hickeysolution.com)
  • Tuberculosis has been the leading cause of death for many years and the people who suffered the most from the disease were the poorest. (hickeysolution.com)
  • Although the disease is passed from person to person, there are some factors that facilitate the contamination of tuberculosis. (hickeysolution.com)
  • Although the disease is only transmitted by inhaling the microorganism of the Koch bacillus, there are some conditions that facilitate the conditions for the emergence of tuberculosis. (hickeysolution.com)
  • Smoking is also a risk factor for the disease, it is believed that 20% of tuberculosis cases are related to cigarette consumption. (hickeysolution.com)
  • HIV-positive patients are believed to be up to 30 times more likely to contract the disease than people who do not have the HIV virus. (hickeysolution.com)
  • Recently, tuberculosis has been recognized as a silent epidemic disease in children [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • were designed comprising general aspects of the disease, method of diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of tuberculosis. (org.pk)
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a curable disease with high treatment success rates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The presence of tuberculosis in childhood is a good indicator of the extent of the disease bacilífera and inefficiency of control of the tort in the adult population. (bvsalud.org)
  • Interconnecting control is a way early and efficiently diagnose and treat children with tuberculosis, reducing suffering and reducing the chance of an outbreak of severe forms of the disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease that has accompanied humanity for millennia. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pulmonary disease is the most common clinical presentation of the disease regardless of age, and the smear-positive one is responsible for the transmissibility of the disease. (bvsalud.org)
Prevalent2
  • WHO's estimates also indicate that in 2008 there were 11 million prevalent cases of tuberculosis, with 1.3 million deaths, and an additional 520 000 deaths associated with HIV/tuberculosis coinfection. (who.int)
  • 2012. Pulmonary tuberculosis: still prevalent in human in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. (innspub.net)
Rifampicin1