• MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that bind complementary messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to repress gene expression and regulate essentially all cellular processes 19 . (nature.com)
  • The first class of small RNAs identified were the micro RNAs (miRNAs), which are small (~22 nt) non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by base pairing to mRNAs where they direct either mRNA cleavage or repress translation [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Evolutionarily conserved, these 17-22 nucleotide long molecules regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level generally by repressing translation or increasing degradation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (21-24 nucleotides) sequences of RNA that reduce gene expression by promoting the breakdown of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and by repressing translation of mRNAs into proteins. (freethoughtblogs.com)
  • miRNAs induce gene degradation and suppression of translation, or both, mainly by imperfect binding to miRNA recognition elements (MREs) within the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • As a group, miRNAs are small (17-27 nucleotides) noncoding RNAs that govern gene expression in a post-transcriptional manner by binding directly to the 3′UTRs of target mRNAs, thereby repressing their translation or inducing their degradation [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. (cancerindex.org)
  • The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. (cancerindex.org)
  • Circ_0002483 has been verified to inhibit NSCLC progression in vivo and in vitro, and increases NSCLC cell sensitivity to Taxol through sponging of miR-182-5p to inhibit expression of FOXO1, FOXO3 and GRB2 mRNAs [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs are endogenously expressed, small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs for translational repression or degradation. (oncotarget.com)
  • RNA is assembled as a chain of nucleotides. (wikipedia.org)
  • The chemical structure of RNA is very similar to that of DNA, but differs in three primary ways: Unlike double-stranded DNA, RNA is usually a single-stranded molecule (ssRNA) in many of its biological roles and consists of much shorter chains of nucleotides. (wikipedia.org)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides, which are key regulators of gene expression [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • LncRNAs, little or no coding potential, are defined as capped transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions, either by performing the function itself (Non-coding RNA) or by forming a template for the production of proteins (messenger RNA). (wikipedia.org)
  • Cellular organisms use messenger RNA (mRNA) to convey genetic information (using the nitrogenous bases of guanine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine, denoted by the letters G, U, A, and C) that directs synthesis of specific proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • One of these active processes is protein synthesis, a universal function in which RNA molecules direct the synthesis of proteins on ribosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • This process uses transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to deliver amino acids to the ribosome, where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) then links amino acids together to form coded proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we outline the current status of the viral evasion mechanism underlying the regulation of the cGAS-STING pathway, focusing on how post-transcriptional modifications, viral proteins, and non-coding RNAs involve innate immunity during viral infection, attempting to inspire new targets discovery and uncover potential clinical antiviral treatments. (frontiersin.org)
  • For instance, due to their genetic flexibility, viruses have developed various viral proteins and non-coding RNAs to interrupt several checkpoints of cGAS-STING. (frontiersin.org)
  • The central dogma of molecular biology states that the transfer of genetic information within cells transpires sequentially from DNA to RNA to proteins, whose coding sequences comprise a paltry 1.5-2% of the human genome [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DNA methyltransferases are not limited to catalyzing DNA methylation, but also take part in the regulation of gene expression through interactions with other proteins that repress transcription and modify chromatin structure. (caister.com)
  • Real-time PCR and western blotting were carried out to detect the expressions of genes and proteins related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The fate of cells is determined by epigenetics, as it plays a role in allowing the heart cell to turn "on" genes to make proteins important for its job and turn "off" genes important for an immune cell's job. (troscriptions.com)
  • Histones are the most highly conserved eukaryotic proteins, a family of small, positively charged proteins. (troscriptions.com)
  • The other approach is to screen CRISPR-Cas9-based guide RNA (gRNA) libraries that target either the whole genome using cancer cell and immune cell co-culture systems 9 , 10 , or focused gene sets using immunocompetent murine tumors 11 , 12 . (nature.com)
  • These short RNAs participate in a diverse array of cellular processes including gene regulation, chromatin dynamics and genome defense. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As part of the genome sequencing initiative for the tammar, we have explored the evolution of each of the major classes of mammalian small RNAs in an Australian marsupial for the first time, including the first genome-scale analysis of the newest class of small RNAs, centromere repeat associated short interacting RNAs (crasiRNAs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We examined each of these small RNA classes with respect to the newly assembled tammar wallaby genome for gene and repeat features, salient features that define their canonical sequences, and the constitution of both highly conserved and species-specific members. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mapping all miRNAs to the tammar genome and comparing target genes among tammar, mouse and human, we identified 163 conserved target genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study encompasses the first analyses of the major classes of small RNAs for the newly completed tammar genome, validates preliminary annotations using deep sequencing and computational approaches, and provides a foundation for future work on tammar-specific as well as conserved, but previously unknown small RNA progenitors and targets identified herein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Small RNAs play important roles in many aspects of pre- and post-transcriptional gene regulation, epigenetic modifications, chromosome segregation and genome structure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many viruses encode their genetic information using an RNA genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • In participating UK research institutions, investigators can publish open access in Genome Research, Genes & Development, RNA, and Learning & Memory without article publication charges and all staff can read the entire renowned Cold Spring Harbor journal collection. (cshlpress.com)
  • Although genetic and epigenetic aberrations that occur in components of the central dogma clearly elicit disease development in humans, recent findings also point to a prominent role for non-protein-coding regions of the genome in regulating cell and tissue homeostasis, as well as in contributing to the formation of human tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Besides its role in the regulation of genes, DNA methylation silences repetitive elements and appears to be important for the stability of the mammalian genome. (caister.com)
  • Genome-wide methylome and RNA sequencing data from a set of ccRCC and normal tissue samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were integrated to identify candidate CpG loci involved in cancer onset. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Approximately 3% of the human genome codes for miRNA sequences, which can suppress gene expression by mediating translational repression [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • ing of microRNAs to the genome or inside the cel via membrane-to-nu- 2011 ). (who.int)
  • Mechanism of miR-455-3 in suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer cells. (nih.gov)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an endogenous group of small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally repress the expression of protein-coding genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We show that, similar to metazoan steady-state systems, endogenous miRNAs in Chlamydomonas can regulate gene expression both by destabilization of the mRNA and by translational repression. (freethoughtblogs.com)
  • Mechanistically, PTTG3P upregulated the expression of miR-383 targets Cyclin D1 (CCND1) and poly ADP-ribose polymerase 2 (PARP2) by sponging miR-383, acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). (biomedcentral.com)
  • A series of studies indicate that lncRNAs serve as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) by sponging miRNAs, and modulate the targets of miRNAs [ 15 , 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of small (approximately 22 nt) endogenous non-coding RNAs that direct post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transactivation of miR-34a by p53 broadly influences gene expression and promotes apoptosis. (nature.com)
  • Loss-of-function experiments support that PVT1 regulates cell apoptosis by influencing the DNA damage repair pathway after radiation, suggesting that targeting PVT1 may be a potential strategy for NPC therapy [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs, a key class of gene expression regulators, have emerged as crucial players in various biological processes such as cellular proliferation and differentia-tion, development and apoptosis. (123dok.net)
  • Colorectal cancer Core tip: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a key class of gene ex-pression regulators, have emerged as crucial players in various biological processes such as cellular prolifera-tion and differentiaprolifera-tion, development and apoptosis. (123dok.net)
  • Long non-coding (lnc)RNAs play important roles in the development, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis of cells ( 6 , 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Some miRNAs are hosted in pri-miRNAs annotated as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and defined as MIRHGs (for miRNA Host Genes). (mdpi.com)
  • If smORFs present within lncRNAs can encode functional small peptides, they can also constitute cis -regulatory elements involved in lncRNA decay. (mdpi.com)
  • Current Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) LINC00958 showed some benefit to this cancer, but the mechanism is unknown. (researchsquare.com)
  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate a number of physiological and pathological processes, including gene transcription and translation, chromatin modification, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, and oncogenic and tumor-suppressive signals in cancer 6 . (researchsquare.com)
  • Included amongst the various classes of noncoding RNAs are members of the PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) family, the small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) family, the large intragenic noncoding RNA (lincRNA) family, the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) family, and the transcribed ultraconserved regions (T-UCR) family of the lncRNAs [ 3 - 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Emerging evidence indicates that Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in tumor progression, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pseudogene, a subclass of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are considered as genomic loci that resemble real gene, but lost some functionality because they are lack of protein-coding ability because of disabling mutation, lack of transcription, or their inability to encode RNA [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These regions are usually transcribed into long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • New sequencing technologies have shown that a large number of aberrantly expressed lncRNAs are associated with multiple cancer types and indicated they have emerged as an important class of pervasive genes during the development and progression of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mounting evidence supports that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have critical roles during cancer initiation and progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lacking an open reading frame, lncRNAs have limited protein-coding capacity [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Noncoding RNA in development. (mabjournal.com)
  • This article will discuss the three main epigenetic signatures (DNA methylation, Histone Modification, and noncoding RNA), how they are regulated, and how their disruption cause diseases. (troscriptions.com)
  • MicroRNAs are a class of small, single-stranded, noncoding RNA (~21-24 nt in length) that occur in the genomes of plants and animals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, single-stranded, small non-coding RNAs that have been shown to act as essential regulators of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. (frontiersin.org)
  • The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway is a critical defender to sense various pathogens and trigger innate immunity of mammalian cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Canonical Wnt signaling pathway is essential for embryonic development [ 10 ] and non-canonical Wnt pathway regulates cell movement and tissue polarity [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dorsoventral (DV) patterning of the Drosophila embryo is initiated by a broad Dorsal (Dl) nuclear gradient, which is regulated by a conserved signaling pathway that includes the Toll receptor and Pelle kinase. (sdbonline.org)
  • The previous work has shown that Tanshinone IIA could ameliorate inflammation microenvironment in colorectal cancer via repressing miRNA-155 expression ( 8 ) and exert an anti-angiogenic effect in vascular endothelial cells via inhibiting the VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The SFRPs inhibit Wnt receptor binding to down-regulate pathway signaling during development [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The characterization of new miRNA target genes and a unique profile for crasiRNAs has allowed for insight into multiple RNA mediated processes in the tammar, including gene regulation, species incompatibilities, centromere and chromosome function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have only known that microRNAs even existed since the early 1990's, and their importance in gene regulation and development wasn't appreciated until the 2000's. (freethoughtblogs.com)
  • This Special Issue of "Genes" seeks reviews and original papers covering a wide range of topics related to microRNA biology, such as regulation of expression in various disorders (cancer, metabolism, autoimmunity to mention but a few), genetics of microRNAs and their target sites, functional analysis of microRNA function and studies of interactions between microRNAs and target genes. (mdpi.com)
  • miRNAs are a family of small non-coding RNAs that emerged as significant and versatile regulators involved in regulation of immune responses. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, little is known about the effects of drugs on their regulation and relationship with the cognate linear transcript (linRNA). (researchgate.net)
  • Regulatory non-coding RNAs: a new frontier in regulation of plant biology. (mabjournal.com)
  • The Huang (1997) paper also clearly summarizes what is known about the regulation of genes involved in dorsal/ventral patterning. (sdbonline.org)
  • He, L. & Hannon, G. J. MicroRNAs: small RNAs with a big role in gene regulation. (nature.com)
  • Wightman, B., Ha, I. & Ruvkun, G. Posttranscriptional regulation of the heterochronic gene lin-14 by lin-4 mediates temporal pattern formation in C. elegans . (nature.com)
  • The most common PTMs which are well-studied and understood in the context of DNA repair, gene expression, and regulation are acetylation and methylation. (troscriptions.com)
  • Therefore, investigating the expression and regulation of miRNAs may elucidate the mechanism of gastric cancer. (hindawi.com)
  • These findings increase understanding of the biological functions and the regulation of the SFRP1 gene in mammals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • More so, our results show that the epigenetic regulation of TE transcription is dynamically regulated throughout life (Paper II), upon the beginning of neuroinflammation (Paper III), and in a disease-driving polymorphic TE insertion (Paper IV). (lu.se)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory non-coding RNAs, resulting from the cleavage of long primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) in the nucleus by the Microprocessor complex generating precursors (pre-miRNAs) that are then exported to the cytoplasm and processed into mature miRNAs. (mdpi.com)
  • Small RNAs have proven to be essential regulatory molecules encoded within eukaryotic genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Indeed, emerging evidence indicates that miRNAs function as a molecular rheostats that serve in fine-tuning cell signaling pathways [ 10 , 11 ], doing so by modulating the expression of large numbers of genes and, consequently, impacting the flux through essential regulatory nodes of vast signaling networks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Connecting microRNA genes to the core transcriptional regulatory circuitry of embryonic stem cells. (nature.com)
  • Their mutagenic potential and gene regulatory effect have shaped the evolution of transcriptional networks involved in development, pluripotency, and inflammation. (lu.se)
  • Therefore, it is important to describe their mechanisms of actions, expression patterns and possible target genes and cellular pathways with which they interact. (mdpi.com)
  • In this study, we aim to identify the key molecules and signaling pathways by analyzing the RNA-seq data. (researchsquare.com)
  • Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR-21 regulates inflammatory responses through NF-κB signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
  • The ability of miRs to target multiple genes and biological signaling pathways has created intense interest in their potential clinical utility as predictive and diagnostic biomarkers, and as innovative therapeutic agents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • to other RNAs may initiate epige- cleus pathways. (who.int)
  • In this study, the prognostic relevance of miR-140-5p in GC was investigated and YES1 was identified as a novel target of miR-140-5p in regulating tumor progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This miRNA functions as a tumor suppressor and dysregulation or loss of the host gene from which this miRNA is processed is associated with cancer progression in numerous cell types. (cancerindex.org)
  • Dysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has recently been found to play an important role in the progression and development of cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • For instance, circFGFR1 may interact directly with miR-381-3p and function as a miRNA sponge to upregulate expression of miR-381-3p target gene C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4, which enhances NSCLC progression as well as resistance to anti-programmed cell death 1-based therapy [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our previous studies have found that circARHGAP10 suppresses NSCLC progression by functioning like a miR-150-5p sponge to enhance GLUT1 expression [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Consequently, the molecular mechanisms that regulate GC development and progression need further exploration. (oncotarget.com)
  • Combined with miRNAs-based transcriptome sequencing assay, it was found that Tanshinone IIA downregulated miR-125b level and upregulated its target gene STARD13 (StAR-related lipid transfer protein 13) level, thus inactivating the miR-125b/STARD13 axis, which had been previously confirmed to promote breast cancer progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Considering that various protein coding genes are targeted by one miRNA, researchers should determine the mechanisms of miR-140-5p mediated phenotypic changes in GC cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With no known cure to date, extensive molecular studies were conducted to better understand the underlying mechanism of G . boninense infection and the role of protein-coding genes as regulators in oil palms against G . boninense . (mabjournal.com)
  • miRNAs are either expressed from independent transcriptional units or derive from introns of protein-coding genes or exons or introns of long ncRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Activation of NF-κB result in the transcription of various inflammatory genes, including TNF-α and IL-6, to sense microbial pathogens ( 7 - 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • It possesses a unique forkhead domain combined with a fragment of the target gene to initiate transcription [ 10 ] and regulates various biological processes such as tumor cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and migration [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction was conducted to detect lncRNA‑XIST, miR‑320a and PIK3CA expression. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Using a combination of miRNA hairpin predictions and co-mapping with miRBase entries, we identified a highly conserved cluster of miRNA genes on the X chromosome in the tammar and a total of 94 other predicted miRNA producing genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The identified ncRNAs include transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), and microRNA (miRNA). (mabjournal.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are endogenously expressed small non-coding RNAs that generally regulate gene expression by binding to the 3ʹ untranslated region (3ʹ-UTR) of their targets, resulting in silencing [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lee, R. C., Feinbaum, R. L. & Ambros, V. The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14 . (nature.com)
  • Interestingly, ZNFX1 antisense RNA 1 (ZFAS1) could abolish its tumor suppressor effect by binding microRNA (miR)-150, while miR-150 could inhibit the invasion of hepatic carcinoma cells by inhibiting zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)14 and MMP16 ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In mammals, cytosine methylation at CpG positions of the DNA sequence is one of the hallmarks of epigenetic gene silencing. (caister.com)
  • DNA methylation is one of the key epigenetic modifications that play a role in regulating genes. (troscriptions.com)
  • Further, Zamani et al ( 9 ) investigated the epigenetic effects of solute carrier family 25 member 19 in hepatic carcinoma and confirmed that DNA methylation in the functional region of maternally expressed 3 (MEG3) was associated with its loss of expression in hepatic carcinoma. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Bioinformatic analysis was performed in order to identify putative targets of the differentially expressed microRNAs and to explore potential associations with specific biological processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The biological processes they regulate may play an important role in understanding early osteoarthritis pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These genes and biological processes may help understand the mechanism for inhibiting LINC00958 in cancers. (researchsquare.com)
  • MicroRNAs constitute a pervasive post-transcriptional filter on protein or mRNA expression levels that are likely to control developmental timing, cellular differentiation, stress responses, metabolism and proliferation. (mdpi.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level, inhibiting mRNA translation or degrading mRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in many developmental and cellular processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some RNA molecules play an active role within cells by catalyzing biological reactions, controlling gene expression, or sensing and communicating responses to cellular signals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down experiments were used to examine the mechanisms interaction between molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the role of microRNA in mammalian tissue development and differentiation is still quite uncharacterized. (mdpi.com)
  • Mesectoderm differentiation is controlled by the bHLH-PAS gene, sim . (sdbonline.org)
  • Delivery of miR-101a mimics significantly suppressed the expression of TGFpRI and p-Smad 3, CF differentiation and collagen content of CFs. (cyberleninka.org)
  • the smaller Y chromosome carries genes that initiate male sex differentiation, as well as a few other genes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Like DNA, most biologically active RNAs, including mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNAs, and other non-coding RNAs, contain self-complementary sequences that allow parts of the RNA to fold and pair with itself to form double helices. (wikipedia.org)
  • The subsequent huge changes in morphology were more often due to changes in when and where those genes were expressed than to changes in the coding sequences of the genes themselves. (freethoughtblogs.com)
  • These stripes are regulated by a 300-bp enhancer (NEE) that contains high-affinity Dl-binding sites, Twist-binding sites, and "generic" E-box sequences that appear to bind ubiquitously distributed bHLH activators (Daughterless and Scute), which are present in the unfertilized egg. (sdbonline.org)
  • A total 3 short hairpin RNA (sh)‑lncRNA XIST sequences, overexpression vector (oe)‑lncRNA XIST, microRNA (miR)‑320a mimic, miR‑320a inhibitor, PIK3CA inhibitor, and their corresponding controls were transfected in hepatic carcinoma cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In addition to these inconsistent findings, the underlying causes of aberrant YES1 expression in GC are unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tanshinone II A is an effective component extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza and the roles of Tanshinone IIA in regulating the stemness of tumor cells remain unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
  • miR-149 is a type of miRNA, which can regulate the biological functions of tumors by targeting multiple genes, such as TGF- β 2, GIT1, and HDAC4 [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In this study, we found that PTTG3P was up-regulated in HCC tissues and cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The expressions of miR-296-5p in NPC tissues and cells were determined using GSE32920 database analysis and real-time PCR and miRNA microarray assays. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we established that miR-296-5p has a significantly lower expression in NPC tissues and cells and was involved in regulating the EMT and metastasis of NPC cells in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miRNA-149 and FOXC1 in gastric cancer tissues and cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Altered expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has previously been investigated in breast cancer. (researchgate.net)
  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) belong to a class of noncoding and protein-coding RNAs localized to the cytoplasm which originate from both single and multiple exons [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2021) Nitric oxide coordinates growth, development, and stress response via histone modification and gene expression. (oeaw.ac.at)
  • In the search for molecular biomarkers that could reveal pre-clinical phases of the disease, scientists have focused much of their attention on microRNAs (miRNAs), the best characterised family of small non-coding RNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Altogether, our findings elucidate conserved cellular and molecular mechanisms through which miR-34/449 regulate motile ciliogenesis. (nature.com)
  • To understand the function of SFRP1 and miRNA-1/206 in swine myogenesis, we first predicted the targets of miRNA-1/206 with the TargetScan and PicTar programs, and analyzed the molecular characterization of the porcine SFRP1 gene. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aim of the present study was to reveal the new molecular mechanism of long non‑coding (lnc)RNA XIST in the development of hepatic carcinoma. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. (cancerindex.org)
  • miRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II into long primary miRNA transcripts, termed pri-miRNAs that are usually several kilobases long and possess a 5' CAP and a poly(A) tail. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We performed a temporal-spatial expression analysis of SFRP1 mRNA and miRNA-206 in Tongcheng pigs (a Chinese indigenous breed) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and conducted the co-expression analyses of SFRP1 and miRNA-1/206. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MiR-30a-5p expression and promoter methylation were quantitatively assessed by PCR in a tissue set (Cohort #1) and urine sets (Cohorts #2 and 3) from IPOPorto and Homburg University Hospital. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This has been shown by miRNA expression analyses in tumor and normal tissue samples and in gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies, both in vitro and in vivo [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since the first microRNA was identified in 1993 by Victor Ambros and colleagues (the lin-4 heterochronic gene in C. Elegans ), more than 24,000 microRNAs have now been identified. (mdpi.com)
  • Twenty-two of the pairs, chromosome numbers 1 to 22, the autosomes, are normally homologous (identical in size, shape, and position and number of genes). (msdmanuals.com)
  • The genes that occupy the same locus on each chromosome of a pair (one inherited from the mother and one from the father) are called alleles. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A chromosome contains many genes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Thus, to maintain a balance between host preservation and inflammatory pathology, the immune response and inflammation need to be tightly regulated. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addidifferentia-tion, microR-NAs are coming to light as crucial regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses, and their abnormal expression and/or function in the immune system have been linked to multiple human diseases including inflammatory disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, and cancers. (123dok.net)
  • In this review, we discuss our current understanding of microRNAs with a focus on their role and mode of action in regulating the immune system during inflammation and carcinogenesis. (123dok.net)
  • Several studies have confirmed that miRNA can be used as an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene to regulate the occurrence and development of gastric cancer [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • This kinase, as well as CDK4, has been shown to phosphorylate, and thus regulate the activity of, tumor suppressor protein Rb. (cancerindex.org)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Most Caenorhabditis elegans microRNAs are individually not essential for development or viability. (nature.com)
  • However, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) can form and (moreover) a single RNA molecule can, by complementary base pairing, form intrastrand double helixes, as in tRNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • During evolution, CpG rich regions, so-called CpG islands, have been established as prominent features of promoter regions of genes. (caister.com)
  • Because aberrant microRNA (miR) promoter methylation contributes to cancer development, we investigated whether altered miR-30a-5p expression associates with DNA promoter methylation and evaluated the usefulness as clear cell RCC (ccRCC) diagnostic and prognostic markers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The PE enhancer from the twist promoter region exhibits a similar pattern of expression. (sdbonline.org)
  • DNA methylation in the promoter regions acts as a repressor of gene expression. (troscriptions.com)
  • H19 was also found to induce p-glycoprotein expression and MDR1-associated drug resistance in hepatic carcinoma cells by regulating the demethylation of the MDR1 promoter ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The aberrant expression of microRNA-140-5p (miR-140-5p) has been described in gastric cancer (GC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we focused on the identification of small and medium-sized non-coding RNA using a computational approach and managed to predict 2,233 ncRNAs and 369 ncRNAs in the E . guineensis and G . boninense genomes, respectively. (mabjournal.com)
  • Although the number may be far fewer than the real number, the predicted ncRNAs here represent an almost complete dataset of small and medium-sized ncRNA in both the E . guineensis and G . boninense genomes. (mabjournal.com)